CN108513896B - System for realize malleation and negative pressure irrigation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a system for realizing positive pressure and negative pressure irrigation. It includes: switch control subsystem and irrigation subsystem. The switch control subsystem includes: a first liquid container, a second liquid container, a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe, a third connecting pipe, a first hanging rope, a first Two suspension ropes and a first lever; the irrigation subsystem includes: a fourth connecting pipe, a connecting rod, a second lever, a plug, a first water storage bucket, a second water storage bucket, a water outlet pipe and a water dispenser; the top of the first liquid container is low at the bottom of the second liquid container; the first end of the first lever is wound around the first hanging rope of the first liquid container; the second end of the first lever is wound with a second hanging rope, and the second hanging rope is suspended from the second liquid container the second end of the first lever is hinged with the first end of the second lever; the second end of the second lever is fixed with a connecting rod; the top of the second liquid container is connected to the top of the second water container through the fourth connecting pipe . By applying the invention, the spatial distribution rate of negative pressure irrigation water in soil moisture can be improved.

Description

A system for realizing positive and negative pressure irrigation

technical field

The invention relates to low-energy-consumption agricultural irrigation technology, in particular to a system for realizing positive pressure and negative pressure irrigation.

Background technique

Water is needed by any organism. The water transpired by crops during the growth and development process is often hundreds or even tens of thousands of times of their own biomass, and the soil is often difficult to provide so much water. Therefore, in the modern production process, through Irrigation is an essential agricultural activity to replenish water to the soil and then meet the needs of crops for water. Generally, the basic means of replenishing water to the soil is to irrigate according to a certain time interval, but this irrigation method is a pulse type. In the irrigation method, during the irrigation process, the soil water content showed a pulse-like change, and the soil water content suddenly jumped to a saturated state. After the irrigation was completed, the soil water content gradually decreased. During this irrigation process, only part of the soil moisture conditions are suitable for crops. In the stage of high soil moisture content, it is very easy to cause wet damage or waterlogging damage to crops due to excessive soil moisture content. In the stage of low soil moisture content, drought stress and nutrient deprivation stress are very likely to occur, resulting in reduced yield, poor quality, and even death. The above problems are particularly prominent in dryland and facility agriculture.

In the past 10 years, in view of the technical problems existing in the above traditional irrigation technology, a new and efficient active negative pressure irrigation technology for crops has been proposed, which basically overcomes the above technical problems, but the active negative pressure irrigation technology faces new challenges. technical challenge. For example, irrigation water is absorbed into the soil by the soil matrix potential under negative pressure, and is always in an unsaturated flow state, resulting in a very slow spatial distribution of soil moisture and an inability to quickly form an effective wetting body.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to propose a system for realizing positive pressure and negative pressure irrigation, making full use of the rapid water distribution of positive pressure irrigation and the crop initiative of negative pressure irrigation, and improving the efficiency of negative pressure irrigation and irrigation water. utilization.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a system for realizing positive pressure and negative pressure irrigation, including: a switch control subsystem and an irrigation subsystem, wherein,

The switch control subsystem includes: a first liquid container, a second liquid container, a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe, a third connecting pipe, a first hanging rope, a second hanging rope and a first lever;

The irrigation subsystem includes: a fourth connecting pipe, a connecting rod, a second lever, a plug, a first water storage bucket, a second water storage bucket, a water outlet pipe, and a water dispenser; wherein,

In the height direction, the top of the first liquid container is lower than the bottom of the second liquid container;

The first end of the first lever is wound around the first suspension rope, and the first suspension rope hangs the first liquid container;

A second suspension rope is wound around the second end of the first lever, and the second suspension rope is suspended from the second liquid container;

the second end of the first lever is hinged with the first end of the second lever;

A connecting rod is fixed on the second end of the second lever;

The top of the second liquid container communicates with the top of the second water storage container through the fourth connecting pipe;

One end of the first connecting pipe is inserted into the bottom of the first liquid container, and the other end is communicated with the second connecting pipe and the third connecting pipe respectively;

The other end of the second connecting pipe is communicated with the bottom of the second liquid container;

The other end of the third connecting pipe is communicated with the bottom of the second liquid container;

The position of the first communication port formed by the communication between the second connection pipe and the second liquid container 12 is higher than the position of the second communication port formed by the communication between the third connection pipe and the second liquid container;

The first water storage bucket is located above the second water storage bucket, and the bottom of the first water storage bucket is the top of the second water storage bucket;

The top of the second water storage bucket is provided with an opening that is sealed with a plug, and the connecting rod is inserted into the plug that seals the opening;

The bottom of the second water storage bucket is connected to a water-permeable and air-tight irrigator through a water outlet pipe;

The irrigator is embedded in the soil.

Preferably, the first connection pipe is an n-type branch connection pipe, the second connection pipe is a u-type connection pipe, and the third connection pipe is a u-type connection pipe. The connection of the three connecting pipes forms a pipe bifurcation point.

Preferably, the lowest point of the second connecting pipe connecting the first connecting pipe and the second liquid container is higher than the lowest point of the third connecting pipe connecting the first connecting pipe and the second liquid container.

Preferably, the height from the lowest point of the third connecting pipe to the second communication port is greater than the height from the lowest point of the second connecting pipe to the first communication port.

Preferably, the second connecting pipe and the third connecting pipe are flexible communication pipes.

Preferably, when the space pressure in the second liquid container is atmospheric pressure, the first liquid container is in a low position, the second liquid container is in a high position, and the bifurcation point of the pipeline is lower than the second communication of the second liquid container. The liquid level of mercury is higher than the pipe bifurcation point.

Preferably, when the air pressure in the second liquid container reaches a stable preset maximum negative pressure, the bifurcation point of the pipeline is higher than the second communication port of the second liquid container, and the liquid level of mercury is higher than the bifurcation point of the pipeline. , the mercury is stored in the third connecting pipe and the bottom of the second liquid container, and the liquid level of the mercury at the bottom is lower than the first communication port.

Preferably, the preset maximum negative pressure is determined by the height difference between the lowest point of the second connecting pipe 14 and the first communication port in the second liquid container 12 .

Preferably, the first water storage bucket is connected to an irrigation water pipe.

Preferably, in the initial state, the first water storage bucket, the second water storage bucket, the water outlet pipe, and the irrigator are filled with irrigation water, and the stopper plugs the opening on the top of the second water storage bucket; the second lever connected with the stopper The second end of the first lever is lower than the first end, the second end of the first lever is higher than the first end of the first lever, the first liquid container is in a low position, and the second liquid container 12 is in a high position;

In the initial state, there is a predetermined amount of water in the first liquid container, and there is no water in the second liquid container 12; the second connecting pipe and the third connecting pipe are filled with mercury, and the liquid level of mercury overflows the pipeline bifurcation point;

When the soil dries to a predetermined level, the soil begins to absorb the irrigation water in the irrigator, and the irrigation water level in the second water storage bucket gradually drops, so that the air space at the top of the second water storage bucket gradually becomes larger, and the air pressure gradually becomes smaller, forming a Negative pressure; since the top of the second water storage bucket and the top of the second liquid container are connected through the fourth connecting pipe, the air pressure in the second liquid container also gradually decreases. The communication passage between the second liquid container and the first liquid container is cut off, and the air pressure in the second liquid container and the air pressure in the first liquid container form an air pressure difference;

Under the action of the air pressure difference, the water in the first liquid container is driven into the first connecting pipe, and the liquid level in the first liquid container begins to drop; at the same time, the water filled in the second connecting pipe and the third connecting pipe The mercury moves in the direction of the second liquid container and forms a total liquid level difference with the water level in the first liquid container. The total liquid level difference includes the water level difference and the mercury level difference. The pressure generated by the total liquid level difference is equal to The negative pressure in the second liquid container is equal;

As the soil absorbs more and more water, the negative pressure on the top of the second water storage bucket and the top of the second liquid container becomes larger and larger. When the negative pressure is greater than the pressure generated by the total liquid level difference, the second connection is driven. The mercury in the pipe all flows to the bottom of the second liquid container through the first communication port, the second connecting pipe becomes a free channel for water, and the irrigation water in the first liquid container is quickly sucked into the second liquid container by negative pressure. The water in the second liquid container increases rapidly, the quality of the water in the first liquid container decreases rapidly, the second liquid container sinks to a low position, and the first liquid container rises to a high position;

The second end of the second lever is raised to a high position, so that the plug on the top of the second water storage bucket is lifted through the connecting rod, so that the first water storage bucket is communicated with the second water storage bucket, and the irrigation water enters the second water storage bucket from the first water storage bucket , the air space in the second storage bucket is reduced, and the negative pressure disappears;

When the negative pressure in the second water storage bucket and the second liquid container disappears (the negative pressure is reduced to zero, that is, the air pressure in the second water storage bucket is atmospheric pressure), the water in the second liquid container is driven by the gravitational potential. down, it quickly flows back to the first liquid container through the second connecting pipe, and at the same time drives the mercury in the second liquid container to return to the third connecting pipe;

After the water in the second container returns to the first container, the air pressure in the first container is equal to the air pressure in the second container, and the mercury in the second container is connected to the third container The mercury in the pipe maintains the same liquid level, so that the liquid level of mercury overflows the bifurcation point of the pipeline, thereby entering the second connecting pipe, and finally maintains at a position where the liquid level of mercury overflows the bifurcation point of the pipeline, blocking the first the communication passage between the liquid container and the second liquid container;

Due to the rapid increase of the weight of the water in the first liquid container and the rapid decrease of the weight of the water in the second liquid container, the first liquid container sinks to a low position under the pulling of the weight of the increased first liquid container. The second liquid container rises to a high position, the end of the first lever hanging from the first liquid container sinks, and the end hanging from the second liquid container rises, which in turn drives the second end of the second lever to press down and sink to a low level. position, the plug on the top of the second water storage bucket is pressed down by the connecting rod, the irrigation water passage between the first water storage bucket and the second water storage bucket is blocked, and the system enters the initial state.

It can be seen from the above technical solutions that a system for realizing positive pressure and negative pressure irrigation provided by the present invention includes: a switch control subsystem and an irrigation subsystem, wherein the switch control subsystem includes: a first liquid container, a second a liquid container, a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe, a third connecting pipe, a first hanging rope, a second hanging rope and a first lever; the irrigation subsystem includes: a fourth connecting pipe, a connecting rod, a second lever, A plug, a first water storage bucket, a second water storage bucket, a water outlet pipe and a water dispenser; wherein, in the height direction, the top of the first liquid container is lower than the bottom of the second liquid container; the first end of the first lever is wound around The first suspension rope, the first suspension rope hangs the first liquid container; the second end of the first lever is wound around the second suspension rope, and the second suspension rope hangs the second liquid container; the second end of the first lever is connected to the second The first end of the lever is hinged; the second end of the second lever is fixed with a connecting rod; the top of the second liquid container is connected to the top of the second water container through a fourth connection pipe; one end of the first connection pipe is inserted into the first container The bottom of the liquid container, the other end is communicated with the second connecting pipe and the third connecting pipe respectively; the other end of the second connecting pipe is communicated with the bottom of the second liquid container; the other end of the third connecting pipe is communicated with the bottom of the second container The position of the first communication port formed by the communication between the second connection pipe and the second liquid container 12 is higher than the position of the second communication port formed by the communication between the third connection pipe and the second liquid container; the first water storage bucket is located in the second water storage container Above, the bottom of the first water storage bucket is the top of the second water storage bucket; the top of the second water storage bucket is provided with an opening sealed with a plug, and the connecting rod is inserted into the plug that seals the opening; the bottom of the second water storage bucket passes through the water outlet pipe Connect to a water-permeable and air-tight irrigator; the irrigator is embedded in the soil. It can improve the spatial distribution rate of negative pressure irrigation water in soil moisture, reduce soil moisture leakage and soil evaporation, realize automatic irrigation without energy consumption, and improve the efficiency of irrigation water use.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for realizing positive pressure and negative pressure irrigation according to the present embodiment.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Production experience and scientific research have shown that, except for aquatic plants, the optimal water condition for the growth and development of dryland crops is an unsaturated water state lower than the saturated water content, and when the crops absorb water, the water potential around the root system will drop, further. It causes the water in the distance around the root system to move around the root system in order to maintain the water potential of the root system from falling, that is to say, crops have a certain initiative to maintain the soil moisture state around the root system.

In this embodiment, a system for realizing positive pressure and negative pressure irrigation is proposed, in order to connect the negative pressure irrigation and the traditional irrigation system (positive pressure irrigation), which can not only utilize the fast distribution of irrigation water in the traditional drip irrigation (positive pressure irrigation) It has the advantages of fast soil moistening and formation, and can also use the advantages of negative pressure irrigation, such as crop initiative, no energy consumption, and full automation, to form a full-automatic micro-pressure-negative pressure circulating irrigation technology with no energy consumption to promote high efficiency and water saving. Development of irrigation technology.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for realizing positive pressure and negative pressure irrigation according to the present embodiment. As shown in Figure 1, the system for realizing positive pressure and negative pressure irrigation includes: a switch control subsystem and an irrigation subsystem, wherein,

The switch control subsystem includes: a first liquid container 11, a second liquid container 12, a first connecting pipe 13, a second connecting pipe 14, a third connecting pipe 15, a first hanging rope 16, a second hanging rope 17 and the first lever 18;

The irrigation subsystem includes: a fourth connection pipe 19, a connection rod 20, a second lever 21, a plug 22, a first water storage bucket 23, a second water storage bucket 24, a water outlet pipe 25, and an irrigation device 26; wherein,

In the height direction, the top of the first liquid container 11 is lower than the bottom of the second liquid container 12;

The first end of the first lever 18 is wound around the first suspension rope 16, and the first suspension rope 16 is suspended from the first liquid container 11;

The second end of the first lever 18 is wound around the second suspension rope 17, and the second suspension rope 17 is suspended from the second liquid container 12;

The second end of the first lever 18 is hinged with the first end of the second lever 21;

A connecting rod 20 is fixed at the second end of the second lever 21;

The top of the second liquid container 12 communicates with the top of the second water container through the fourth connecting pipe 19;

One end of the first connecting pipe 13 is inserted into the bottom of the first liquid container 11, and the other end is communicated with the second connecting pipe 14 and the third connecting pipe 15 respectively;

The other end of the second connecting pipe 14 communicates with the bottom of the second liquid container 12;

The other end of the third connecting pipe 15 communicates with the bottom of the second liquid container 12;

The position of the first communication port formed by the communication between the second connection pipe 14 and the second liquid container 12 is higher than the position of the second communication port formed by the communication between the third connection pipe 15 and the second liquid container 12;

The first water storage bucket 23 is located above the second water storage bucket 24, and the bottom of the first water storage bucket 23 is the top of the second water storage bucket 24;

The top of the second water storage bucket 24 is provided with an opening that is sealed with a plug 22, and the connecting rod 20 is inserted into the plug 22 that seals the opening;

The bottom of the second water storage bucket 24 is connected to a water-permeable and air-impermeable irrigator 26 through a water outlet pipe 25;

The irrigator 26 is embedded in the soil.

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the midpoints of the first lever 18 and the second lever 21 are respectively fulcrums.

In this embodiment, both the first liquid container 11 and the second liquid container 12 have two stable positions: a high position and a low position, and the stable position of the first liquid container 11 is the same as that of the second liquid container 12 . The stable position is opposite and cannot be in the same position, that is, when the first liquid container 11 is in a high position (a low position relative to itself), the second liquid container 12 is in a low position, and when the first liquid container 11 is in a low position When in the low position, the second reservoir 12 is in the high position.

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the first connection pipe 13 is an n-type branch connection pipe, the second connection pipe 14 is a u-type connection pipe, and the third connection pipe 15 is a u-type connection pipe. The connection between the connecting pipe 13 , the second connecting pipe 14 and the third connecting pipe 15 forms a pipe bifurcation point 27 .

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the lowest point of the second connecting pipe 14 connecting the first connecting pipe 13 and the second liquid container 12 is higher than the lowest point connecting the first connecting pipe 13 and the second liquid container 12 The lowest point of the third connecting pipe 15 .

In this embodiment, as another optional embodiment, the height from the lowest point of the third connecting pipe 15 to the second communication port is greater than the height from the lowest point of the second connecting pipe 14 to the first communication port.

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the second connecting pipe 14 and the third connecting pipe 15 are flexible connecting pipes, which can withstand the vertical (height) of the first liquid container 11 and the second liquid container 12 ) in the direction of a certain degree of displacement.

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the top of the first connecting pipe is higher than the first communication port.

In this embodiment, in the initial state, a certain amount of the first liquid (for example, water) and a certain amount of the second liquid (heavy liquid, for example, mercury) are pre-injected into the system. In a stable high position or low position, most of the water can only be in one liquid container (the first liquid container 11 or the second liquid container 12 ). Specifically, when the second liquid container 12 When the space pressure reaches a stable maximum negative pressure, most of the water is stored in the second liquid container 12. When the space pressure in the second liquid container 12 is atmospheric pressure (no negative pressure), most of the water is stored in the second liquid container 12. in a liquid container 11.

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, mercury is stored at the pipe bifurcation point of the first connecting pipe 13 , in the second connecting pipe 14 , in the third connecting pipe 15 , and at the bottom of the second liquid container 12 .

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, when the air pressure in the second liquid container 12 is atmospheric pressure, the first liquid container 11 is in a low position, the second liquid container 12 is in a high position, and the pipe bifurcation point Below the second communication port of the second liquid container 12, the liquid level of mercury is higher than the branch point of the pipeline.

When the air pressure in the second liquid container 12 reaches a stable maximum negative pressure, the first liquid container 11 is in a high position, the second liquid container 12 is in a low position, and the bifurcation point of the pipeline is higher than the second liquid container In the second communication port of the container 12, the liquid level of mercury is higher than the bifurcation point of the pipeline, and the mercury is stored in the third connecting pipe 15 and the bottom of the second liquid container 12, and the liquid level of the mercury at the bottom is lower than the first communication port. .

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the height difference (H) between the lowest point of the second connecting pipe 14 and the first communication port in the second liquid container 12 is used to control the maximum negative pressure of the system. The pressure is much smaller than the pressure of mercury. In the case of ignoring the pressure of the water column, the maximum negative pressure value is about: mercury density × gravitational acceleration × height difference H.

In this embodiment, as another optional embodiment, if the negative pressure to be controlled is relatively small, the second connecting pipe 14 may not be needed, and at the same time mercury should not be needed.

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the first water storage bucket 23 and the second water storage bucket 24 are integrally formed.

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the first water storage bucket 23 may be an open container (which may have a lid), which is directly exposed to the atmosphere, and may be directly connected to an irrigation water delivery pipe.

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the irrigation water in the first water storage bucket 23 can be supplemented manually, or it can be connected to an irrigation water pipe outside the system. A level switch, etc., automatically maintains a stable water level.

In this embodiment, the irrigator 26 is made of a hydrophilic microporous material. When the micropores contain a certain amount of water, the water can pass through the wall of the irrigator 26 by means of wetting, while the air cannot pass through, that is, It has the function of "water permeable and airtight".

In this embodiment, when the pressure inside the irrigator 26 is positive pressure, the irrigation water in the irrigator 26 passes through the pipe wall in a saturated flow and enters the soil.

In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the spatial position of the irrigator 26 is always lower than the bottom of the second water storage bucket 24 .

In this embodiment, the plug 22 on the top of the second water storage bucket 24 is used to seal the second water storage bucket, and the connecting rod 20 inserted into the plug 22 and fixedly connected with the plug 22 is connected to the second lever 21 , and the tilting of the second lever 21 Lifting and lowering can lift the plug 22 and lower the plug 22, thereby realizing the “opening” and “closing” of the opening at the top of the second water storage bucket 24. The irrigation water in the water storage tank 23 flows into the second water storage tank 24 , and the air in the second water storage tank 24 passes through the first water storage tank 23 and is discharged into the atmosphere. At this time, the first water storage bucket 23, the second water storage bucket 24, the water outlet pipe 25, and the irrigator 26 form an open negative pressure irrigation system. When the stopper 22 is pressed down by the second lever 21, the stopper 22 blocks the opening at the top of the second water storage bucket 24, preventing the irrigation water in the first water storage bucket 23 from flowing into the second water storage bucket 24, and the second water storage bucket 24 is blocked. The water bucket 24, the water outlet pipe 25 and the irrigator 26 form a closed negative pressure irrigation system.

The workflow of the system for realizing positive pressure and negative pressure irrigation in this embodiment will be described below.

In this embodiment, in the initial state, the first water storage bucket 23, the second water storage bucket 24, the water outlet pipe 25, and the irrigator 26 are filled with irrigation water, and the plug 22 plugs the opening on the top of the second water storage bucket 24; The second end of the second lever 21 connected with the plug 22 is lower than the first end, so as to pry up the second end of the first lever, so that the second end of the first lever is higher than the first end of the first lever, the first The liquid container 11 is in a low position, and the second liquid container 12 is in a high position;

In the initial state, there is a predetermined amount of water in the first liquid container 11, and there is no water in the second liquid container 12; the second connecting pipe 14 and the third connecting pipe 15 are filled with mercury, and the liquid level of mercury is diffuse. After passing the bifurcation point of the pipeline; in this embodiment, in the initial state, the liquid level of mercury may be higher than the second communication port, but lower than the first communication port.

When the soil is dry to a certain extent, the soil begins to absorb the irrigation water in the irrigator 26 into the soil, and the irrigation water level in the second water storage bucket 24 gradually drops, so that the air space at the top of the second water storage bucket 24 gradually becomes larger , the air pressure gradually decreases, forming a negative pressure; because the top of the second water storage bucket 24 and the top of the second liquid container 12 are connected through the fourth connecting pipe 19, the air pressure in the second liquid container 12 also gradually decreases, and the second liquid container 12 is connected. The air pressure in the liquid container 12 is equal to the air pressure at the top of the second water storage bucket 24. Since the liquid level of mercury overflows the bifurcation point of the pipeline, the communication path between the second liquid container 12 and the first liquid container 11 is blocked, The air pressure in the second liquid container 12 and the air pressure in the first liquid container 11 form an air pressure difference;

Since the second liquid container 12 and the first liquid container 11 are connected through the first connection pipe 13, the second connection pipe 14 and the third connection pipe 15, under the action of the air pressure difference, the first liquid container 11 is driven to The liquid (water) entering the first connecting pipe 13, the liquid level in the first liquid container 11 begins to drop; at the same time, the mercury filled in the second connecting pipe 14 and the third connecting pipe 15 flows to the second liquid container 12 direction, so that the liquid level at one end of the second connecting pipe 14 and the third connecting pipe 15 which are communicated with the second liquid container 12 begins to rise, forming a total liquid level difference with the water level in the first liquid container 11, The total liquid level difference includes the water liquid level difference and the mercury liquid level difference, and the pressure generated by the total liquid level difference is equal to the negative pressure in the second liquid container 12;

As the soil absorbs more and more water, the negative pressure on the top of the second water storage bucket 24 and the top of the second liquid container 12 increases. When the negative pressure is greater than the pressure generated by the total liquid level difference, the The mercury in the two connecting pipes 14 all flow to the bottom of the second liquid container 12 through the first communication port, the second connecting pipe 14 becomes a free channel for water, and the irrigation water in the first liquid container 11 is quickly sucked by the negative pressure Enter the second liquid container 12, so that the weight of the water in the second liquid container 12 increases rapidly, and the quality of the water in the first liquid container 11 rapidly decreases, resulting in the balance between the two ends of the first lever 18 being broken, the first lever The state of 18 begins to change, and the second liquid container 12 sinks to a low position;

The second end of the first lever 18 sinks to a low position under the pulling of the weight of the second liquid container 12, and the first liquid container 11 rises to a high position;

As the end of the first lever 18 hanging from the second liquid container 12 sinks, the end hanging from the first liquid container 11 rises, which in turn drives the state of the second lever 21 to change, and the second end of the second lever 21 rises to a high level. position, so that the plug 22 on the top of the second water storage bucket 24 is lifted through the connecting rod 20, so that the first water storage bucket 23 is communicated with the second water storage bucket 24, and the irrigation water enters the second water storage bucket 24 from the first water storage bucket 23, and the second water storage bucket 24. The air space in the water storage bucket 24 is reduced, and the negative pressure disappears (the air in the second water storage bucket 24 enters the atmosphere through the first water storage bucket 23);

When the negative pressure in the second water storage bucket 24 and the second liquid container 12 disappears (the negative pressure is reduced to zero, that is, the air pressure in the second water storage bucket 24 is atmospheric pressure), the water in the second liquid container 12 is at Driven by the gravitational potential, it quickly flows back to the first liquid container 11 through the second connecting pipe 14 , and at the same time drives the mercury in the second liquid container 12 to return to the third connecting pipe 15 . After the water is returned to the first liquid container 11, the air pressure in the first liquid container 11 is equal to the air pressure in the second liquid container 12, and the mercury in the second liquid container 12 is connected to the third connecting pipe 15. The liquid level of the mercury is maintained at the same liquid level, so that the liquid level of the mercury overflows the bifurcation point of the pipeline, thereby entering the second connecting pipe 14, and finally maintained at a position where the liquid level of the mercury overflows the bifurcation point of the pipeline, blocking the first filling point. The communication passage between the liquid container 11 and the second liquid container 12;

Since the weight of the water in the first liquid container 11 increases rapidly, the weight of the water in the second liquid container 12 rapidly decreases, and the first liquid container 11 sinks under the pull of the weight of the increased first liquid container 11 . At the low position, the second liquid container 12 rises to the high position, the end of the first lever 18 hanging from the first liquid container 11 sinks, and the end hanging from the second liquid container 12 rises, thereby driving the second lever 21. The two ends are pressed down to a low position, the plug 22 on the top of the second water storage bucket 24 is pressed down by the connecting rod 20, the irrigation water passage between the first water storage bucket 23 and the second water storage bucket 24 is blocked, and the system enters initial state.

In this embodiment, during the period when the plug 22 on the top of the second water storage bucket 24 is lifted and the stopper 22 is re-pressed for a certain period of time, the pressure in the water filler 26 (the air pressure in the second water storage bucket 24 and the second water storage bucket 24 The sum of the water level pressures) is greater than the atmospheric pressure. The irrigation system at this time is a pressurized positive pressure irrigation system, which can drive the water to quickly pass through the irrigator 26 and flow to the soil, thereby effectively improving the spatial distribution rate of soil water.

The above process is carried out over and over again, realizing "the whole process of energy-free automatic positive pressure (micro-pressure) ~ negative pressure irrigation", making full use of the advantages of positive pressure irrigation and negative pressure irrigation, overcoming the shortcomings of positive pressure irrigation and negative pressure irrigation . In this way, the irrigation water flows into the soil through positive pressure irrigation and negative pressure irrigation. Under positive pressure irrigation, it is in a saturated flow state, which can make full use of soil pore flow, capillary flow, preferential flow, etc., which can effectively improve the spatial distribution of irrigation water in soil moisture. speed, so as to quickly form an effective wetting body; further, it can reduce soil moisture leakage and soil evaporation, realize automatic irrigation without energy consumption, and improve the efficiency of irrigation water use; moreover, the first water storage bucket and the second water storage bucket are connected and connected through a plug. By blocking, the docking with the existing irrigation pipeline (the first water storage bucket) is realized, and there is no need to frequently add irrigation water to the second water storage bucket manually, which effectively reduces the amount of manual labor.

In this embodiment, a certain amount of liquid is placed in a container with a preset size (the first liquid container), and the liquid is driven in the two containers (the first liquid container) by the gravity of the liquid and the negative air suction force generated by the water absorption of the soil. Regular displacement occurs in the first liquid container and the second liquid container), which causes the center of gravity of the system to move, thereby outputting power to the outside, and using the output power to control the switch (plug) of the second water storage tank, forming a switch control subsystem.

In this embodiment, a container with a switch function (the second water storage bucket) and a water-permeable and air-tight microporous irrigator are used to form an irrigation system. When the switch of the irrigation system is in the open state (the plug is lifted), it is connected with the external irrigation pipeline, and the irrigation water is connected with the atmosphere, which is a traditional drip irrigation system or infiltration irrigation system. When the switch is in the closed state (the plug is pressed down), it is disconnected from the external irrigation pipeline, and the irrigation water is isolated from the outside atmosphere. The irrigation system at this time is a negative pressure irrigation system, forming an irrigation subsystem.

In this embodiment, the above two parts are connected through a communication pipe and a lever, the air negative pressure generated by the irrigation subsystem is transmitted to the switch control subsystem through the communication pipe, and the power generated by the switch control subsystem is passed through a lever or a pulling rope, etc. It is transmitted to the irrigation subsystem to drive the switch of the irrigation subsystem to open and close. When the driving force generated by the switch control subsystem opens the switch of the irrigation subsystem, so that the irrigation subsystem is connected with the external irrigation pipeline and with the atmosphere, and the new irrigation water is automatically replenished to the irrigation subsystem and discharged from the previous round of irrigation water to overflow. air. Moreover, since the negative pressure in the irrigation subsystem disappears at this time, the pressure-controlled liquid (water and mercury) gradually returns to the original position, the center of gravity returns to the original state, and the switch in the irrigation subsystem is driven to close, and the system returns to negative pressure. irrigation status.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A system for achieving both positive and negative pressure irrigation, the system comprising: a switch control subsystem and a water-filling subsystem, wherein,

the switch control subsystem includes: the device comprises a first liquid container, a second liquid container, a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe, a third connecting pipe, a first suspension rope, a second suspension rope and a first lever;

the irrigation subsystem comprises: the fourth connecting pipe, the connecting rod, the second lever, the plug, the first water storage barrel, the second water storage barrel, the water outlet pipe and the irrigator are arranged on the water inlet pipe; wherein,

in the height direction, the top of the first liquid container is lower than the bottom of the second liquid container;

a first end of the first lever is wound with a first suspension rope, and the first suspension rope suspends a first liquid container;

a second suspension rope is wound at the second end of the first lever, and a second liquid container is suspended by the second suspension rope;

the second end of the first lever is hinged with the first end of the second lever;

a connecting rod is fixed at the second end of the second lever;

the top of the second liquid container is communicated with the top of the second water storage device through a fourth connecting pipe;

one end of the first connecting pipe is inserted into the bottom of the first liquid container, and the other end of the first connecting pipe is respectively communicated with the second connecting pipe and the third connecting pipe;

the other end of the second connecting pipe is communicated with the bottom of the second liquid container;

the other end of the third connecting pipe is communicated with the bottom of the second liquid container;

the position of a first communicating port formed by the communication of the second connecting pipe and the second liquid container is higher than the position of a second communicating port formed by the communication of the third connecting pipe and the second liquid container;

the first water storage barrel is positioned above the second water storage barrel, and the bottom of the first water storage barrel is the top of the second water storage barrel;

the top of the second water storage barrel is provided with an opening sealed by a plug, and the connecting rod is inserted into the plug for sealing the opening;

the bottom of the second water storage barrel is connected to an irrigator with water and air permeating and non-permeating functions through a water outlet pipe;

the douche is buried in the soil;

in an initial state, the first water storage barrel, the second water storage barrel, the water outlet pipe and the irrigator are filled with irrigation water, and the plug plugs the opening at the top of the second water storage barrel; the second end of the second lever connected with the plug is lower than the first end, the second end of the first lever is higher than the first end of the first lever, the first liquid container is at a low position, and the second liquid container is at a high position;

in an initial state, the first liquid container contains a predetermined amount of water, and the second liquid container does not contain water; mercury is filled in the second connecting pipe and the third connecting pipe, and the liquid level of the mercury overflows a branch point of the pipeline;

when the soil is dry to a preset degree, the soil starts to absorb irrigation water in the irrigator, the liquid level of the irrigation water in the second water storage barrel gradually drops, so that the air space at the top of the second water storage barrel gradually becomes larger, the air pressure gradually becomes smaller, and negative pressure is formed; the top of the second water storage barrel is communicated with the top of the second liquid container through the fourth connecting pipe, so that the air pressure in the second liquid container is gradually reduced, the liquid level of mercury is over the branch point of the pipeline, the communication passage between the second liquid container and the first liquid container is blocked, and the air pressure in the second liquid container and the air pressure in the first liquid container form an air pressure difference;

under the action of air pressure difference, water in the first liquid container is driven to enter the first connecting pipe, and the liquid level in the first liquid container begins to drop; meanwhile, mercury filled in the second connecting pipe and the third connecting pipe moves towards the second liquid container to form a total liquid level difference with the water level in the first liquid container, the total liquid level difference comprises a water level difference and a mercury level difference, and the pressure generated by the total liquid level difference is equal to the negative pressure in the second liquid container;

when the negative pressure is greater than the pressure generated by the total liquid level difference, mercury in the second connecting pipe is driven to flow to the bottom of the second liquid container through the first communicating port, the second connecting pipe becomes a free channel of water, irrigation water in the first liquid container is quickly sucked into the second liquid container by the negative pressure, so that the weight of water in the second liquid container is quickly increased, the quality of water in the first liquid container is quickly reduced, the second liquid container sinks to a low position, and the first liquid container rises to a high position;

the second end of the second lever rises to a high position, so that the plug at the top of the second water storage barrel is lifted through the connecting rod, the first water storage barrel is communicated with the second water storage barrel, irrigation water enters the second water storage barrel from the first water storage barrel, the air space in the second water storage barrel is reduced, and negative pressure disappears;

when the negative pressure in the second water storage barrel and the second liquid container disappears, the water in the second liquid container quickly flows back to the first liquid container through the second connecting pipe under the driving of gravitational potential, and meanwhile, the mercury in the second liquid container is driven to flow back to the third connecting pipe;

after the water in the second liquid container flows back into the first liquid container, the air pressure in the first liquid container is equal to the air pressure in the second liquid container, the mercury in the second liquid container and the mercury in the third connecting pipe maintain the same liquid level, so that the liquid level of the mercury overflows the branching point of the pipeline, enters the second connecting pipe, finally, the liquid level of the mercury is maintained at a certain position where the liquid level of the mercury overflows the branching point of the pipeline, and the communication passage between the first liquid container and the second liquid container is blocked;

because the weight of the water in the first water container is rapidly increased, the weight of the water in the second water container is rapidly reduced, the first water container sinks to the low position under the pulling of the weight of the weighted first water container, the second water container rises to the high position, one end of the first lever, which is used for hanging the first water container, sinks, one end of the second lever, which is used for hanging the second water container, rises, the second end of the second lever is driven to press down, the second water container sinks to the low position, the plug at the top of the second water storage barrel is pressed down through the connecting rod, the irrigation water passage between the first water storage barrel and the second water storage barrel is blocked, and the system enters the initial state.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first connecting pipe is an n-type diverging connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe is a u-type connecting pipe, and the third connecting pipe is a u-type connecting pipe, and a pipe diverging point is formed at a communication position of the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe, and the third connecting pipe.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein a lowest point of the second connection pipe communicating the first connection pipe and the second container is higher than a lowest point of the third connection pipe communicating the first connection pipe and the second container.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein a height of the lowest point of the third connecting tube to the second communication port is greater than a height of the lowest point of the second connecting tube to the first communication port.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second connection pipe and the third connection pipe are flexible communication pipes.

6. The system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when the air pressure in the space of the second liquid container is atmospheric pressure, the first liquid container is in a low position, the second liquid container is in a high position, the branching point of the conduit is lower than the second communication port of the second liquid container, and the level of mercury is higher than the branching point of the conduit.

7. The system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when the air pressure in the space of the second container reaches a stable preset maximum negative pressure, the branching point of the conduit is higher than the second communication port of the second container, the level of the mercury is higher than the branching point of the conduit, the mercury is stored in the third connection pipe and in the bottom of the second container, the level of the mercury in the bottom is lower than the first communication port.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the predetermined maximum negative pressure is determined by a difference in height between a lowest point of the second connecting tube and its first connecting port in the second reservoir.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first water storage bucket is connected to an irrigation water pipe.

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