CN108779227A - 可熔融加工的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体 - Google Patents
可熔融加工的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108779227A CN108779227A CN201780018151.1A CN201780018151A CN108779227A CN 108779227 A CN108779227 A CN 108779227A CN 201780018151 A CN201780018151 A CN 201780018151A CN 108779227 A CN108779227 A CN 108779227A
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- urea
- component
- thermoplastic polyurethane
- chain extender
- polyurethane
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可熔融加工的热塑性聚氨酯‑脲组合物,其通过连续本体法在不存在溶剂的情况下使用多元醇组分,异氰酸酯组分和包含受阻芳族二胺的增链剂组分形成。
Description
背景技术
本发明涉及可熔融加工的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,更具体地涉及以连续方式制备的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,包括在反应性挤出机和/或类似设备中制备的弹性体。
聚脲和/或共聚脲弹性体通常衍生自异氰酸酯和合成树脂共混物组分通过逐步增长聚合反应。树脂共混物组分通常包括胺封端的化合物。制备共聚脲弹性体的方法通常使用预聚物方法,因为它们不能在反应性挤出机中以连续本体聚合方法完成。因为胺与异氰酸酯基团反应如此迅速,所以反应难以控制,因此制备共聚脲弹性体的反应通常局限于反应注射成型(RIM)方法。即使使用空间位阻胺增链剂,制备聚脲的聚合反应进行得如此之快,以至于制备模塑制品的方法受到限制。通常,形成聚脲组合物的反应必须在溶剂和/或一些其它放热控制介质的存在下进行。此外,胺在室温下与异氰酸酯进行各种二次反应,引起反应产物中的交联,使得组合物一旦形成就不能熔融加工。期望提供一种热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物,其可以不使用溶剂在反应性挤出机中以连续本体聚合方法制备。此外,希望提供一种热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,其可以形成能够再熔化并加工成制品的粒料。
此外,通常可熔融加工的热塑性产品不能通过某些热老化测试。因此,希望提供一种热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物,其能够通过热老化试验以拓宽组合物的潜在应用。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物,其可通过在反应性挤出机中连续本体聚合制备。连续本体聚合方法也可以描述为一步反应法(与预聚物方法相反),其在反应性挤出机中进行而不使用溶剂。
在一个实施方案中,本发明包括热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,其包含以下组分的反应产物:(a)多元醇组分;(b)异氰酸酯组分;(c)包含受阻芳族二胺的增链剂组分,其中组合物以一步反应法在反应性挤出机中制备而不使用溶剂。在一个实施方案中,该组合物包含小于约20摩尔%的脲。如本文所用,摩尔%脲是指含胺结构部分相对于反应物总摩尔数的摩尔数%。
在一个实施方案中,组合物为粒料形式,其可以熔融加工以由热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物制备制品。
本发明的一个实施方案提供制备可熔融加工的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体的方法,其中该方法包括(1)将反应混合物加入到加热的挤出机中,所述反应混合物包含(a)多元醇组分,(b)异氰酸酯组分,和(c)含有受阻芳族二胺的增链剂组分;(2)使所述多元醇组分,所述异氰酸酯组分和所述增链剂组分在所述加热的挤出机中以一步聚合法反应,形成热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物;(3)冷却所述热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物。该方法还可包括步骤(4)加工所述热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物,其中加工步骤包括形成热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物的粒料。
本发明的另一个实施方案是由热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物制备制品。制备制品的方法包括(1)将反应混合物加入到加热的挤出机中,所述反应混合物包含(a)多元醇组分,(b)异氰酸酯组分,和(c)包含受阻芳族二胺的增链剂组分;(2)使所述多元醇组分,所述异氰酸酯组分和所述增链剂组分在所述加热的挤出机中以一步聚合法反应,形成热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物;(3)冷却所述热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物。该方法还可包括步骤(4)加工所述热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物,其中加工步骤包括形成热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物的粒料。该方法还可以进一步包括熔融所述热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物的步骤,以及将熔融的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物模塑成制品的步骤。
具体实施方式
下面将通过非限制性说明描述本发明的各种特征和实施方案。本发明的热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物包含以下组分的反应产物:(a)多元醇组分;(b)异氰酸酯组分和(c)增链剂组分,其中增链剂组分包括受阻芳族二胺。
多元醇组分
本文所述的TPU组合物使用多元醇组分制备。多元醇,也可以描述为羟基封端的中间体,可以包括一种或多种羟基封端的聚酯,一种或多种羟基封端的聚醚,一种或多种羟基封端的聚碳酸酯,一种或多种羟基封端的聚硅氧烷,或其混合物。
合适的羟基封端的聚酯中间体包括数均分子量(Mn)为约500至约10,000,约700-约5,000,或约700-约4,000的线性聚酯,并且通常具有小于1.3或小于0.5的酸值。分子量通过末端官能团的测定来确定,并且与数均分子量有关。聚酯中间体可以通过(1)一种或多种二醇与一种或多种二羧酸或酸酐的酯化反应或(2)通过酯交换反应,即一种或多种二醇与二羧酸酯的反应来制备。通常超过1摩尔的二醇与酸的摩尔比是优选的,以便获得具有优势的末端羟基的直链。合适的聚酯中间体还包括各种内酯,例如通常由ε-己内酯和双官能引发剂如二乙二醇制成的聚己内酯。所需聚酯的二羧酸可以是脂族的,脂环族的,芳族的或其组合。可以单独使用或以混合物形式使用的合适的二羧酸通常具有总共4-15个碳原子,包括:琥珀酸,戊二酸,己二酸,庚二酸,辛二酸,壬二酸,癸二酸,十二烷二酸,间苯二甲酸,对苯二甲酸,环己烷二羧酸等。也可以使用上述二羧酸的酸酐,例如邻苯二甲酸酐,四氢邻苯二甲酸酐等。己二酸是优选的酸。反应形成所需聚酯中间体的二醇可以是脂族的,芳族的或其组合,包括上述增链剂部分中所述的任何二醇,并且总共具有2至20或2至12个碳原子。合适的实例包括乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,3-丁二醇,1,4-丁二醇,1,5-戊二醇,1,6-己二醇,2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇,1,4-环己烷二甲醇,十亚甲基二醇,十二亚甲基二醇及其混合物。
多元醇组分还可包括一种或多种聚己内酯聚酯多元醇。可用于本文所述技术的聚己内酯聚酯多元醇包括衍生自己内酯单体的聚酯二醇。聚己内酯聚酯多元醇由伯羟基封端。合适的聚己内酯聚酯多元醇可以由ε-己内酯和双官能引发剂如二乙二醇,1,4-丁二醇或本文列出的任何其他二醇和/或二醇制成。在一些实施方案中,聚己内酯聚酯多元醇是衍生自己内酯单体的线性聚酯二醇。
有用的实例包括CAPATM 2202A,2,000数均分子量(Mn)线性聚酯二醇,和CAPA TM2302A,3,000Mn线性聚酯二醇,两者均可从Perstorp Polyols Inc.商购获得。这些材料也可以被描述为2-氧杂环己酮(2-oxepanone)和1,4-丁二醇的聚合物。
聚己内酯聚酯多元醇可以由2-氧杂环己酮和二醇制备,其中二醇可以是1,4-丁二醇,二甘醇,单乙二醇,1,6-己二醇,2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇,或其任何组合。在一些实施方案中,用于制备聚己内酯聚酯多元醇的二醇是线性的。在一些实施方案中,聚己内酯聚酯多元醇由1,4-丁二醇制备。在一些实施方案中,聚己内酯聚酯多元醇的数均分子量为500至10,000,或500至5,000,或1,000或甚至2,000至4,000或甚至3,000。
合适的羟基封端的聚醚中间体包括衍生自具有总共2至15个碳原子的二醇或多元醇的聚醚多元醇,在一些实施方案中,烷基二醇或二醇与包含具有2至6个碳原子的环氧烷的醚反应,通常是环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷或其混合物。例如,羟基官能聚醚可以通过首先使丙二醇与环氧丙烷反应,然后与环氧乙烷反应来制备。由环氧乙烷产生的伯羟基比仲羟基更具反应性,因此是优选的。有用的商业聚醚多元醇包括包含与乙二醇反应的环氧乙烷的聚(乙二醇),包含与丙二醇反应的环氧丙烷的聚(丙二醇),包含与四氢呋喃反应的水的聚(四亚甲基醚二醇),其也可描述为聚合的四氢呋喃,通常称为PTMEG。在一些实施方案中,聚醚中间体包括PTMEG。合适的聚醚多元醇还包括环氧烷的聚酰胺加合物,并且可包括,例如,包含乙二胺和环氧丙烷的反应产物的乙二胺加合物,包含二亚乙基三胺与环氧丙烷的反应产物的二亚乙基三胺加合物,和类似的聚酰胺型聚醚多元醇。共聚醚也可用于所述组合物中。典型的共聚醚包括THF和环氧乙烷或THF和环氧丙烷的反应产物。这些可从BASF获得,作为嵌段共聚物 B和无规共聚物 R。各种聚醚中间体通常具有通过测定末端官能团测定的数均分子量(Mn),其平均分子量大于约700,例如约700-约10,000,约1,000-约5,000,或者约1,000-约2,500。在一些实施方案中,聚醚中间体包括两种或更多种不同分子量聚醚的共混物,例如2,000Mn和1,000Mn PTMEG的共混物。
合适的羟基封端的聚碳酸酯包括通过二醇与碳酸酯反应制备的那些。美国专利No.4,131,731在此引入作为参考,其公开了羟基封端的聚碳酸酯及其制备方法。这种聚碳酸酯是线性的并且具有末端羟基,基本上排除了其它末端基团。必需的反应物是二醇和碳酸酯。合适的二醇选自含有4至40,和或甚至4至12个碳原子的脂环族和脂族二醇,和选自每分子含有2至20个烷氧基的聚氧亚烷基二醇,每个烷氧基含有2至4个碳原子。合适的二醇包括含有4-12个碳原子的脂族二醇,如1,4-丁二醇,1,5-戊二醇,新戊二醇,1,6-己二醇,2,2,4-三甲基-1,6-己二醇,1,10-癸二醇,氢化二亚油基二醇,氢化二油基二醇,3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇;和脂环族二醇如1,3-环己二醇,1,4-二羟甲基环己烷,1,4-环己二醇,1,3-二羟甲基环己烷,1,4-内亚甲基-2-羟基-5-羟甲基环己烷和聚亚烷基二醇。反应中使用的二醇可以是单一二醇或二醇的混合物,这取决于最终产品中所需的性质。羟基封端的聚碳酸酯中间体通常是本领域技术人员和文献中已知的那些。合适的碳酸酯选自由5至7元环组成的碳酸亚烷基酯。适用于本发明的碳酸酯包括碳酸亚乙酯,碳酸三亚甲基酯,碳酸四亚甲基酯,碳酸1,2-亚丙基酯,碳酸1,2-亚丁基酯,碳酸2,3-亚丁基酯,碳酸1,2-亚乙基酯,碳酸1,3-亚戊基酯,碳酸1,4-亚戊酯,碳酸2,3-亚戊酯和碳酸2,4-亚戊酯。此外,合适的是碳酸二烷基酯,脂环族碳酸酯和碳酸二芳基酯。碳酸二烷基酯在每个烷基中可含有2-5个碳原子,其具体实例是碳酸二乙酯和碳酸二丙酯。脂环族碳酸酯,尤其是二环脂族碳酸酯,在每个环状结构中可含有4-7个碳原子,并且可存在一种或两种这样的结构。当一个基团是脂环族时,另一个基团可以是烷基或芳基。另一方面,如果一个基团是芳基,则另一个基团可以是烷基或脂环族基团。在每个芳基中可含有6-20个碳原子的合适的二芳基碳酸酯的实例是碳酸二苯酯,碳酸二甲苯酯和碳酸二萘酯。
合适的聚硅氧烷多元醇包括α-ω-羟基或胺或羧酸或硫醇或环氧封端的聚硅氧烷。实例包括以羟基或胺或羧酸或硫醇或环氧基封端的聚(二甲基硅氧烷)。在一些实施方案中,聚硅氧烷多元醇是羟基封端的聚硅氧烷。在一些实施方案中,聚硅氧烷多元醇的数均分子量为300-5,000,或400-3,000。
聚硅氧烷多元醇可通过聚硅氧烷氢化物与脂族多元醇或聚氧化烯醇之间的脱氢反应获得,以将醇羟基引入聚硅氧烷主链上。
在一些实施方案中,聚硅氧烷可由一种或多种具有下式的化合物表示:
其中:每个R1和R2独立地为1至4个碳原子的烷基,苄基或苯基;每个E是OH或NHR3,其中R3是氢,1至6个碳原子的烷基,或5至8个碳原子的环烷基;a和b各自独立地为2至8的整数;c是3至50的整数。在含氨基的聚硅氧烷中,至少一个E基团是NHR3。在含羟基的聚硅氧烷中,至少一个E基团是OH。在一些实施方案中,R1和R2均为甲基。
合适的实例包括α,ω-羟丙基封端的聚(二甲基硅氧烷)和α,ω-氨基丙基封端的聚(二甲基硅氧烷),两者都是可商购的材料。其他实例包括聚(二甲基硅氧烷)材料与聚(环氧烷)的共聚物。
可用于制备合适的聚酯多元醇的二聚物脂肪酸的实例包括可从Croda购得的PriplastTM聚酯二醇/多元醇和可从Oleon商购的聚酯二醇。
虽然本文所述的任何多元醇可用于本发明,但在一个实施方案中,多元醇组分包含聚碳酸酯多元醇。在另一个实施方案中,多元醇组分包含聚醚多元醇。在另一个实施方案中,多元醇组分包含聚己内酯多元醇。
异氰酸酯组分
本文所述的热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物使用多异氰酸酯组分制备。多异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯组分包括一种或多种多异氰酸酯。在一些实施方案中,多异氰酸酯组分包括一种或多种二异氰酸酯。
有用的多异氰酸酯的实例包括芳族二异氰酸酯,例如4,4'-亚甲基双(苯基异氰酸酯)(MDI),间二甲苯二异氰酸酯(XDI),亚苯基-1,4-二异氰酸酯,萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯,和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI);以及脂肪族二异氰酸酯,如异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),1,4-环己基二异氰酸酯(CHDI),六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI),1,12-十二烷二异氰酸酯,2,2,4-三甲基-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,2,4,4-三甲基-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,2-甲基-1,5-戊亚甲基二异氰酸酯,癸烷-1,10-二异氰酸酯,赖氨酸二异氰酸酯(LDI),1,4-丁烷二异氰酸酯(BDI),异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-亚联苯基二异氰酸酯(TODI),1,5-萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)和二环己基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)。可以使用两种或更多种多异氰酸酯的混合物。
在一些实施方案中,用于制备本文所述的TPU和/或TPU组合物的多异氰酸酯以重量计为至少50%的脂环族二异氰酸酯。在一些实施方案中,多异氰酸酯包括具有5至20个碳原子的α,ω-亚烷基二异氰酸酯。
增链剂组分
本文所述的热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物使用包含二胺的增链剂组分制备。本发明的主要增链剂是受阻芳族二胺化合物。这类化合物的实例包括但不限于二乙基甲苯二胺,环戊烯二胺,叔丁基甲苯二胺,丁烯基甲苯二胺,亚甲基双(邻氯苯胺),氯甲苯二胺,亚甲基二苯胺等。在一个实施方案中,增链剂组分由受阻芳族二胺化合物组成或基本上由受阻芳族二胺化合物组成。在一个实施方案中,增链剂组分由二乙基甲苯二胺(DETDA)组成或基本上由二乙基甲苯二胺(DETDA)组成。
本发明的热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物还可包含选自本领域已知的增链剂的共增链剂。合适的共增链剂包括相对小的多羟基化合物,例如具有2至20,或2至12,或2至10个碳原子的低级脂族或短链二醇。合适的实例包括乙二醇,二甘醇,丙二醇,二丙二醇,1,4-丁二醇(BDO),1,6-己二醇(HDO),1,3-丁二醇,1,5-戊二醇,新戊二醇,1,4-环己烷二甲醇(CHDM),2,2-双[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]丙烷(HEPP),六亚甲基二醇,庚二醇,壬二醇,十二烷二醇,3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇,乙二胺,丁二胺,六亚甲基二胺,和羟乙基间苯二酚(HER)等,以及它们的混合物。在一些实施方案中,增链剂包括BDO,HDO,3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇或其组合。在一些实施方案中,共增链剂可包含亚烷基取代的螺环化合物,其包含亚烷基取代的饱和螺环二醇(PSG)或其组合。在一些实施方案中,共增链剂包括BDO。在一些实施方案中,形成本发明的热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物的反应基本上不含共增链剂。
其他添加剂
本发明的组合物可以进一步包括另外的有用添加剂,其中这些添加剂可以以合适的量使用。这些任选的附加添加剂包括不透明颜料,着色剂,矿物和/或惰性填料,包括光稳定剂的稳定剂,润滑剂,UV稳定剂(包括UV吸收剂),加工助剂,抗氧化剂,抗臭氧化物和所需的其它添加剂。有用的其他添加剂还包括纳米颗粒,纳米管,抗冲改性剂,阻燃剂,导电聚合物,静电耗散材料及其组合。
合适的不透明颜料包括二氧化钛,氧化锌和钛酸盐黄。合适的着色颜料包括炭黑,黄色氧化物,棕色氧化物,生和烧过的黄土或棕土,氧化铬绿,镉颜料,铬颜料和其他混合金属氧化物和有机颜料。合适的填料包括硅藻土(superfloss),粘土,二氧化硅,滑石,云母,硅灰石,硫酸钡和碳酸钙。如果需要,可以使用稳定剂如抗氧化剂并包括酚类抗氧化剂,而有用的光稳定剂包括有机磷酸酯和有机锡硫醇盐(硫醇盐)。合适的润滑剂包括金属硬脂酸盐,石蜡油和酰胺蜡。合适的UV吸收剂包括2-(2'-羟基苯酚)苯并三唑和2-羟基二苯甲酮。添加剂也可用于改善TPU聚合物的水解稳定性。上述这些任选的其他添加剂中的每一种可以存在于本发明的组合物中或从本发明的组合物中排除。
当存在时,这些另外的添加剂可以以组合物的0或0.01至30,15,20,5或2重量%存在于本发明的组合物中。这些范围可以单独应用于组合物中存在的每种另外的添加剂或存在的所有另外添加剂的总量。
方法
三种反应物(多元醇中间体,二异氰酸酯和增链剂)可以一起反应以形成本发明的热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物。使本发明组合物独特的特征之一是它可以通过所谓的“一步”法制备,其中将所有三种反应物加入挤出机反应器中并反应。异氰酸酯的总摩尔数与异氰酸酯反应性基团的总数(即来自多元醇的OH和来自增链剂的伯胺或仲胺)的比率可以为约0.95至约1.10,或约0.96至约1.02,甚至约为0.97至约1.005。使用氨基甲酸酯催化剂的反应温度可以为约175至约245℃,在另一个实施方案中为180至220℃。
离开挤出机后,通常将组合物造粒并储存在防潮包装中,最终以颗粒形式出售。应该理解的是,组合物不总是需要造粒,而是可以直接从反应挤出机通过模头挤出成最终产品型材。
本发明的可熔融加工的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体可以通过在反应性挤出机中聚合多元醇组分,异氰酸酯组分和受阻芳族二胺组分而不存在溶剂来获得。本发明的一个重要方面是控制热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物的脲含量。脲含量由胺增链剂的量控制。在一个实施方案中,该组合物具有不超过20摩尔%的脲,例如,小于20摩尔%的脲,进一步例如,小于18摩尔%的脲,甚至进一步例如,约2摩尔%至19摩尔%的脲,甚至进一步例如约5摩尔%至18摩尔%的脲。
任选地,所涉及的聚合可以在催化剂存在下进行。合适的催化剂包括碱催化剂,路易斯酸催化剂,以及本领域技术人员已知的其他催化剂。
上述聚合可在密闭式混合设备中进行,包括连续处理密闭式混合设备。实例包括反应性挤出机和类似设备。用于本发明方法的设备可包括批量设备,连续设备或其组合。在一些实施方案中,本发明的方法至少部分连续,并且在其他实施方案中,所述方法是完全连续的。该方法还可包括使用一个或多个串联或并联的挤出机,以制备上述材料。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的材料在一个或多个双螺杆挤出机中制备。合适的双螺杆挤出机包括同向旋转双螺杆挤出机以及一系列这样的挤出机。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的弹性体可通过将多元醇组分,异氰酸酯组分和受阻芳族二胺增链剂组分加入加热的密闭式混合器中来制备。材料可以作为单独的组分进料。当存在时,任选的催化剂可以作为单独的组分加入或与其它组分之一预混合。如果要存在任何其他添加剂,它们可以在密闭式混合器的任何位置加入,或者可以在聚合完成后,在第二密闭式混合器中或甚至在间歇混合器中混合到弹性体中。可以在密闭式混合器的出口附近施加真空以除去挥发性组分,并且也可以包括上述其他步骤。离开第二密闭式混合器的所得弹性体可以通过水浴输送和/或可以通过尺寸减小装置,例如线料切割器或水下造粒机。
在一个实施方案中,热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物的肖氏A硬度为约60A至约95A。
已知上述一些材料可在最终配方中相互作用,使得最终配方的组分可与最初添加的组分不同。例如,金属离子(例如清净剂)可以迁移到其他分子的其他酸性或阴离子位点。由此形成的产物,包括在其预期用途中使用本发明组合物时形成的产物,可能不易于描述。然而,所有这些修饰和反应产物都包括在本发明的范围内;本发明包括通过混合上述组分制备的组合物。
实施例
通过以下实施例进一步说明本发明,这些实施例列出了特别有利的实施方案。尽管提供实施例是为了说明本发明,但它们并不旨在限制本发明。
实施例
表I中列出的TPU组合物是在双螺杆挤出机中在连续本体聚合方法中制备的。制备的组合物总结在表I中。
表I
对比例C5和C6不能形成高分子量聚合物,反应产物是宏观相分离的并且不可用。如通过C5和C6与本发明实施例Ex.1-8的比较所示,可以看出,使用受阻芳族二胺可以在反应性挤出机中使用连续本体方法形成热塑性,可熔融加工的聚氨酯-脲组合物。使用脂族二胺不能制备类似的组合物。
对比例C7形成高度交联的凝胶,其不可熔融加工。这被认为是由组合物中较高摩尔%的脲引起的。相反,所有具有较低脲摩尔%的本发明实施例(Ex.1-Ex.8)形成可熔融加工的热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物。
比较例C1-C4和本发明实施例Ex.7和Ex.8的热塑性聚氨酯根据UL 1581,对150℃的温度等级的短期热老化性能进行了测试。所列TPU的注射成型板在180℃下保持7天,然后测试拉伸强度保持率和伸长率保持率。通过UL1581热老化测试需要75%的拉伸强度和伸长率保持率。根据ASTM D412在热老化之前和之后测量拉伸强度和%伸长率。结果总结在表II中。
表II
本发明实施例说明本发明的热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物能够通过150℃温度等级的UL 1581短期热老化测试,而其他热塑性材料则不能。
在间歇聚合方法中制备表III中列出的另外的TPU组合物。制备的组合物和测试结果总结在表III中。
表III
1其中Tan Delta=1的温度
2其中G'(储能模量)=0的温度,
3G'对温度不敏感的区域
使用30密耳进行蠕变测量,每个TPU的1”×6”条带也进行蠕变测试。将每个条带夹在具有2英寸标距长度的金属夹具(具有橡胶垫)之间。将这些夹紧的条带在130℃的烘箱中以110克有效重量悬挂60分钟。每15分钟检查一次样品,确保样品没有折断。暴露一小时后,从烘箱中取出样品并测量和报告尺寸变化。动态力学分析(DMA)测量使用平行板配置在-100℃至250℃下以2℃/min的加热速率在0.1%应变下使用1Hz频率进行。
与类似配制的热塑性聚氨酯相比,实施例9和10的TPU-脲网络表现出更好的抗蠕变性和更高的TMA起始温度。与C8对照样品相比,EXP 8和EXP 9的较高TMA开始温度和较低的蠕变值表明TPU-脲网络显示出较高的阻性。此外,实施例9和10的TPU-脲网络表现出更高的温度不敏感的储能模量性能,如更广泛的橡胶态平台宽度和更高的熔融温度所示,再次表明改善的耐热性。
上面提到的每篇文献都通过引用结合到本文中。除了在实施例中或另外明确指出之外,本说明书中指定材料量,反应条件,分子量,碳原子数等的所有数值量应理解为由词语“约”修饰。除非另有说明,否则所有百分比值,ppm值和份数值均以重量计。除非另有说明,否则本文提及的每种化学品或组合物应解释为商业级材料,其可含有异构体,副产物,衍生物和通常理解为存在于商业级中的其它此类材料。应理解,本文所述的上限和下限,范围和比例限制可以独立地组合。类似地,本发明的每种元素的范围和量可以与任何其他元素的范围或量一起使用。如本文所用,表述“基本上由......组成”允许包含不会实质上影响所考虑的组合物的基本和新颖特征的物质。
Claims (20)
1.一种热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,包含以下组分的反应产物:
(1)多元醇组分;
(2)异氰酸酯组分;和
(3)增链剂组分,所述增链剂组分包含受阻芳族二胺;
其中组合物以一步反应法在连续反应性挤出中制备而不使用溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,其中组合物包含不超过约20摩尔%的脲。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体是可熔融加工的。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,其中增链剂包含二乙基甲苯二胺。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,其中多元醇组分包含聚己内酯多元醇。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,其中增链剂组分还包含1,4-丁二醇。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,其中组合物的肖氏A硬度为约60A至约95A。
8.一种热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体,包含以下组分的反应产物:
(1)多元醇组分;
(2)异氰酸酯组分;和
(3)增链剂组分,所述增链剂组分包含受阻芳族二胺;
其中组合物包含小于20摩尔%的脲并且是可熔融加工的。
9.一种制备可熔融加工的热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物的方法,包括:
(1)将反应混合物加入到加热的挤出机中,所述反应混合物包含(a)多元醇组分,(b)异氰酸酯组分;(c)增链剂组分,所述增链剂组分包含受阻芳族二胺;
(2)使所述多元醇组分、所述异氰酸酯组分和所述增链剂组分以一步聚合法在所述加热的挤出机中反应,形成热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物;
(3)冷却所述聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物;和
(4)加工所述聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其中所述加工步骤包括形成聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物的粒料。
11.根据权利要求9或10中任一项的方法,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物包含不超过约20摩尔%的脲。
12.根据权利要求9-11中任一项的方法,其中反应混合物基本上不含溶剂。
13.根据权利要求9-12中任一项的方法,其中增链剂组分包含二乙基甲苯二胺。
14.根据权利要求9-13中任一项的方法,其中多元醇组分包含聚碳酸酯多元醇。
15.一种由热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物制备模塑制品的方法,包括:
(1)将反应混合物加入到加热的挤出机中,所述反应混合物包含(a)多元醇组分,(b)异氰酸酯组分;(c)增链剂组分,所述增链剂组分包含二乙基甲苯二胺;
(2)使所述多元醇组分、所述异氰酸酯组分和所述增链剂组分以一步聚合法在所述加热的挤出机中反应,形成热塑性聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物;
(3)冷却所述聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物;
(4)加工所述聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物;
(5)熔融所述聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物;
(6)将熔融的聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物模塑成制品。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,其中所述加工步骤包括形成聚氨酯-脲弹性体组合物的粒料。
17.根据权利要求15-16中任一项的方法,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯-脲组合物包含不超过20摩尔%的脲。
18.根据权利要求15-17中任一项的方法,其中反应混合物基本上不含溶剂。
19.根据权利要求15-18中任一项的方法,其中增链剂组分包含二乙基甲苯二胺。
20.根据权利要求15-19中任一项的方法,其中多元醇组分包含聚碳酸酯多元醇。
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- 2017-03-17 ES ES17715309T patent/ES2897458T3/es active Active
- 2017-03-17 BR BR112018069056-2A patent/BR112018069056B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2017-03-17 CN CN201780018151.1A patent/CN108779227B/zh active Active
- 2017-03-17 US US16/086,372 patent/US20190127511A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-03-17 CA CA3018070A patent/CA3018070C/en active Active
- 2017-03-17 HU HUE17715309A patent/HUE056255T2/hu unknown
- 2017-03-17 KR KR1020187030293A patent/KR102333215B1/ko active Active
- 2017-03-17 WO PCT/US2017/022957 patent/WO2017165221A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-03-21 TW TW106109349A patent/TWI784946B/zh active
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- 2021-02-10 US US17/172,144 patent/US11685806B2/en active Active
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113929862A (zh) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-14 | 尼伦化学(上海)有限公司 | 一种可快速结晶、高伸长率的tpu颗粒及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20190127511A1 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
| EP3433294A1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
| TWI784946B (zh) | 2022-12-01 |
| KR102333215B1 (ko) | 2021-11-29 |
| BR112018069056B1 (pt) | 2022-07-26 |
| CA3018070A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
| CA3018070C (en) | 2023-09-12 |
| US20210163672A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
| ES2897458T3 (es) | 2022-03-01 |
| HUE056255T2 (hu) | 2022-02-28 |
| CN108779227B (zh) | 2021-10-26 |
| BR112018069056A2 (pt) | 2019-01-29 |
| KR20180127646A (ko) | 2018-11-29 |
| TW201802183A (zh) | 2018-01-16 |
| US11685806B2 (en) | 2023-06-27 |
| WO2017165221A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
| EP3433294B1 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
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