CN108856973B - An arc welding system with adjustable external magnetic field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an arc welding system that can adjust the external magnetic field. The welding system uses the principle of electromagnetism to connect the output end of the power supply device to the coil. After turning on the power supply, a magnetic field with adjustable intensity is applied during the welding process. . Under the action of the magnetic field, it can oscillate and stir the molten pool, change the crystallization state of the welded grains, refine the grains, and improve the uniformity of the crystallization; reduce the sensitivity of crystallization cracks and pores, and improve the welding quality in an all-round way; And it can generate Lorent magnetic force on the welding arc plasma, promote the rotation of the welding arc, change the characteristics of the welding arc, and affect the welding seam formation. The external magnetic field device is fixed on the welding torch by means of fastening parts such as bearings and bolts, so that the entire external magnetic field device can move synchronously with the welding torch and can rotate around the welding torch. The motor drive and gears are used to achieve the effect of rotating the external system around the axis, and the speed can be changed or the speed of rotation can be carried out.

Description

An arc welding system with adjustable external magnetic field

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to an arc welding system with an adjustable external magnetic field.

Background technique

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is a rapid prototyping technology based on the principle of discrete-accumulation, driven by three-dimensional data of parts, and using the method of material accumulation layer by layer to manufacture solid parts. The biggest advantage of this forming method is that it can be formed without traditional tools, reducing the process and shortening the product manufacturing cycle. It is especially suitable for the manufacture of low-cost small-batch products, and the more complex the structure and the higher the added value of raw materials, the faster and more efficient the forming process. The more obvious the advantages, the broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace, biomedicine, energy chemical industry, micro-nano manufacturing and so on. In the field of additive manufacturing, the metal parts additive manufacturing technology using arc as a heat source has the advantages of simple equipment, high material utilization, and high production efficiency. The arc additive manufacturing technology uses the arc as a heat source to melt the metal wire, and stacks the layers on the substrate according to the set forming path, and stacks the layers until the metal parts are formed. The formed parts are composed of all-welded metal, with high density, good metallurgical bonding performance, uniform chemical composition and good mechanical properties. Therefore, arc additive technology is an important research direction for direct manufacturing of metal parts.

In recent years, with the advancement of material science, various new welding technologies have been emerging to meet the welding needs of modern structural materials, and the introduction of magnetic field control in the welding process is one of the advanced technologies to meet such needs. In the welding process, the external magnetic field can promote the arc rotation, change the radial distribution of the plasma current and current density in the arc, thereby affecting the heating and melting of the base metal and the formation of the weld. In the molten pool, through the action of electromagnetic stirring, the crystallization direction of the grains can be changed, and the microstructure can be refined to improve the mechanical properties. The arc welding system consists of welding torch, welding wire, wire feeding mechanism, air feeding mechanism, welding machine, worktable and control system. Due to the various welding requirements, the types and sizes of processed products are also different, and the traditional external magnetic field device can no longer meet the requirements. Therefore, the research on flexible and adjustable external magnetic field devices is very necessary. Moreover, the previous research on the applied magnetic field was only limited to the static magnetic field relative to the welding torch. For the rotating motion, the influence of the magnetic field changing relative to the position of the molten pool on the welding has not been studied.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Based on the above problems, the present invention provides an external magnetic field arc welding system that can be used to study the effect of moving magnetic field on welding, and can rotate and adjust the position of the magnetic field relative to the welding torch during the welding process.

In view of the above problems, the following technical solutions are provided: an arc welding system with an adjustable external magnetic field, including a motor, an electric welding device and an external magnetic field device, the electric welding device includes a welding torch and a welding wire inserted at the end of the welding torch, the welding torch The upper sleeve is provided with a fixed gear, and the lower part of the fixed gear is provided with a bearing sleeved on the welding torch. The external magnetic field device includes a casing and a coil. The casing is provided with a support plate that is adapted to the welding torch and has an arc-shaped cross-section. , the support plate is provided with a fixing groove adapted to the bearing, the bearing is fixed in the fixing groove by bolts and nuts, the motor is arranged on the casing, the motor shaft is arranged through the casing, and the motor shaft The upper sleeve is provided with a first gear that meshes with the fixed gear, a lifting rod is passed through the casing, a connecting rod connected to the bottom end of the lifting rod is arranged on the coil, the coil is located under the welding gun, and the outer casing is A fixing block is arranged on the side wall, and a power supply device for supplying power to the coil is arranged on the fixing block.

In the above structure, the external magnetic field device is adapted to the welding torch through the support plate, and is fixed to the bearing by bolts and nuts, so that the external magnetic field device is connected to the welding torch. The motor controls the rotation of the motor shaft to drive the first gear to rotate, and the first gear meshes with the fixed gear, so that the external magnetic field device can rotate around the welding torch. The support plate is arranged in an arc shape to ensure a more stable combination of the external magnetic field device and the welding torch. The output end of the power supply device is connected to the coil, and a magnetic field is applied during the welding process after the power is turned on. Under the action of the magnetic field, it can oscillate and stir the molten pool, change the crystallization state of the welded grains, refine the grains, and improve the uniformity of crystallization; reduce the sensitivity of crystallization cracks and pores, and improve the welding quality in an all-round way; It can also generate Lorent magnetic force on the welding arc plasma, promote the rotation of the welding arc, change the characteristics of the welding arc, and affect the welding seam formation.

The present invention further provides that the external magnetic field device further includes a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism includes a worm sleeve sleeved on the motor shaft, a worm wheel adapted to the worm screw, and a rotation shaft for fixing the worm wheel, and the front end of the rotation shaft A meshing shaft is sleeved, a second gear meshing with the meshing shaft is arranged in front of the worm gear, the second gear is fixed in the casing by a fixed shaft, the lifting rod is arranged on one side of the second gear, and the side wall is There are latching teeth meshing with the second gear.

With the above structure, the rotation of the motor shaft drives the worm to rotate, the worm drives the worm wheel to rotate, the worm wheel drives the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the meshing shaft to rotate, the meshing shaft drives the second gear to rotate, and the second gear meshes with the teeth on the lifting rod. , so that the lift rod can be raised or lowered. The external magnetic field device not only rotates the magnetic field during the welding process, but also changes the position of the coil relative to the workpiece to study the influence of the magnetic field relative to the workpiece position on the welding quality. The lifting rod is provided with locking teeth, which can be engaged with the second gear to play a fixed role.

According to the present invention, one end of the rotating shaft opposite to the second gear extends outward to the outside of the housing, the end of the rotating shaft is provided with a projection for pulling the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is provided with a center of the worm gear. A fixed seat adapted to the hole is embedded with steel balls for protecting the worm gear.

By adopting the above structure, the lifting and lowering of the lifting rod can be opened or closed according to different welding requirements, so as to meet different welding requirements. When the lifting rod needs to be raised or lowered, the rotating shaft is pushed by the bump, so that the worm gear and worm are matched and rotated, so that the meshing shaft rotates. Since the meshing shaft is meshed with the second gear, the meshing shaft drives the second gear. Rotation, thereby driving the lifting or lowering of the lifting rod; when the lifting or lowering of the lifting rod needs to be closed, the rotating shaft is pulled by the bump to separate the worm gear and worm, so that the rotating shaft stops rotating. When the worm gear and worm drive are blocked, the steel ball attached to the fixed seat will slip, which can protect the worm gear from damage.

According to the present invention, a sliding block is provided on the side of the lifting rod opposite to the clamping teeth, and a sliding groove is provided in the casing which is adapted to the sliding block.

With the above structure, the lifting rod can move up and down along the chute more conveniently through the slider, reducing friction.

The present invention further provides that the bottom end of the lifting rod is provided with an adjusting device, the adjusting device comprises a connecting block connected with the lifting rod and a movable rod horizontally inserted on the connecting block, the radial direction of the connecting rod is There is a through hole matching with the movable rod.

With the above structure, the coil can be adjusted to have different angles relative to the horizontal direction by rotating the movable rod, so as to meet different welding research needs.

The present invention further provides that the motor adopts a variable speed motor.

By adopting the above structure, the entire rotation around the axis can be driven by the variable speed motor, the rotation rate can be changed and the variable speed rotation can be performed, and the motor can also be used to realize uniform acceleration or uniform deceleration movement by using PLC, which is fixed on the upper part of the casing by screws. There is a gap between the first gear and the casing to reduce friction.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: compared with the existing arc welding system, the present invention can oscillate and stir the molten pool under the action of an external magnetic field device during the welding process, change the crystallization state of the welding grains, and make the grains Refinement can improve the uniformity of crystallization; reduce the sensitivity of crystallization cracks and pores, and improve the welding quality; and can generate Lorent magnetic force on the welding arc plasma, promote the rotation of the welding arc, change the characteristics of the welding arc, and affect the welding seam formation. The external magnetic field device can rotate around the welding torch, and the motor can adjust the rotation rate, thereby changing the rotation rate of the external magnetic field device, which can be used to study the effect of the rotation rate of the rotating external magnetic field device on the molten pool oscillation and arc optimization during the welding process. Start the power supply device, the coil forms a magnetic field, and the strength of the magnetic field is changed by changing the size of the exciting current, which increases the flow rate of the liquid metal in the molten pool, increases the flow range, increases the melting width, and increases the penetration depth with the increase of the magnetic field strength. The frequency of the magnetic field can also be changed by changing the output frequency of the power supply device to obtain the best welding effect. The height of the magnetic field relative to the welding workpiece can be adjusted according to different welding requirements, and the angle of the magnetic field relative to the horizontal direction can be adjusted. According to different requirements, the system can rotate the magnetic field independently during the welding process, and can also perform up and down movements while rotating, which optimizes the arc welding process more flexibly and effectively, and has broad application prospects.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a left view structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

The meaning of the symbols in the figure: 1-motor; 11-first gear; 2-electric welding device; 21-welding gun; 211-fixed gear; 212-bearing; 22-welding wire; 3-external magnetic field device; 31-housing; 32-coil ;321-connecting rod;33-transmission mechanism;331-worm;332-worm gear;333-rotating shaft;3331-bump;4-support plate;5-lifting rod;51-clip;52-slider;53 -chute; 6-fixed block; 61-power supply device; 7-mesh shaft; 71-second gear; 711-fixed shaft; 8-fixed seat; 81-steel ball; 9-adjustment device; 91-connection block; 92 - Active rod.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 2 , an arc welding system with adjustable applied magnetic field includes a motor 1 , an electric welding device 2 and an applied magnetic field device 3 . The electric welding device 2 includes a welding torch 21 and a welding wire inserted at the end of the welding torch 21 . 22. A fixed gear 211 is sleeved on the welding torch 21, and a bearing 212 sleeved on the welding torch 21 is installed below the fixed gear 211. The external magnetic field device 3 includes a casing 31 and a coil 32. There is a support plate 4 that is adapted to the welding torch 21 and has an arc-shaped cross section. The support plate 4 is provided with a fixing groove that is adapted to the bearing 212. The bearing 212 is fixed in the fixing groove by bolts and nuts. The motor 1 is arranged on the housing 31, the shaft of the motor 1 is arranged through the housing 31, the shaft of the motor 1 is sleeved with a first gear 11 that meshes with the fixed gear 211, and the housing 31 is provided with a lifting rod 5 , the coil 32 is provided with a connecting rod 321 connected to the bottom end of the lifting rod 5, the coil 32 is located below the welding torch 21, the side wall of the casing 31 is provided with a fixing block 6, and the fixing block 6 is provided with There is a power supply device 61 for supplying power to the coil 32 .

In the above structure, the external magnetic field device 3 is adapted to the welding torch 21 through the support plate 4 , and is fixed to the bearing 212 by bolts and nuts, so that the external magnetic field device 3 is connected to the welding torch 21 . The motor 1 controls the axis of the motor 1 to rotate, and drives the first gear 11 to rotate. The first gear 11 meshes with the fixed gear 211 , so that the external magnetic field device 3 can rotate around the welding torch 21 . The supporting plate 4 is arranged in an arc shape to ensure a more stable combination of the external magnetic field device 3 and the welding torch 21 . The output end of the power supply device 61 is connected to the coil 32, and a magnetic field is applied during the welding process after the power is turned on. Under the action of the magnetic field, it can oscillate and stir the molten pool, change the crystallization state of the welded grains, refine the grains, and improve the uniformity of crystallization; reduce the sensitivity of crystallization cracks and pores, and improve the welding quality in an all-round way; And it can generate Lorent magnetic force on the welding arc plasma, promote the rotation of the welding arc, change the characteristics of the welding arc, and affect the welding seam formation. The coil 32 is made of ordinary wire, and the shape, the number of turns, and the distance between turns can be adjusted according to the requirements, which is convenient for replacement. Evenly distributed, there is also a layer of thermal insulation material on the inner wall wire to prevent the influence of excessive temperature on the wire during welding; the power supply device 61 is a high-frequency adjustable AC pulse power supply, which is connected to the wire coil 32 to start the high-frequency AC pulse power supply. , the conductive coil 32 forms a magnetic field, and the intensity of the magnetic field is changed by changing the magnitude of the excitation current.

In this embodiment, the external magnetic field device 3 further includes a transmission mechanism 33 . The transmission mechanism 33 includes a worm 331 sleeved on the shaft of the motor 1 , a worm wheel 332 adapted to the worm 331 , and a worm wheel 332 for fixing the rotation of the worm wheel 332 . A shaft 333, the front end of the rotating shaft 333 is sleeved with a meshing shaft 7, and the front of the worm gear 332 is provided with a second gear 71 that meshes with the meshing shaft 7. The second gear 71 is fixed in the housing 31 through the fixed shaft 711. , the lift rod 5 is arranged on the side of the second gear 71 , and the side wall is provided with a tooth 51 that meshes with the second gear 71 .

With the above structure, the rotation of the motor 1 shaft drives the worm 331 to rotate, the worm 331 drives the worm wheel 332 to rotate, the worm wheel 332 drives the rotation shaft 333 to rotate, the rotation shaft 333 drives the meshing shaft 7 to rotate, the meshing shaft 7 drives the second gear 71 to rotate, and the second gear 71 rotates. The gear 71 meshes with the teeth 51 on the lift rod 5 , so that the lift rod 5 can be raised or lowered. During the welding process, the magnetic field of the external magnetic field device 3 not only rotates, but also can change the position of the coil 32 relative to the workpiece, so as to study the influence of the magnetic field relative to the workpiece position on the welding quality. The lifting rod 5 is provided with a locking tooth 51, which can be engaged with the second gear 71 to play a fixed role.

In this embodiment, one end of the rotating shaft 333 opposite to the second gear 71 extends outward to the outside of the housing 31 , and the end of the rotating shaft 333 is provided with a protrusion 3331 for pulling the rotating shaft 333 . The rotating shaft 333 There is a fixing seat 8 fitted with the central hole of the worm wheel 332 , and a steel ball 81 for protecting the worm wheel 332 is embedded on the fixing seat 8 .

With the above structure, the lifting and lowering of the lifting rod 5 can be opened or closed according to different welding requirements, so as to meet different welding requirements. When the lifting rod 5 needs to be raised or lowered, the rotating shaft 333 is pushed by the projection 3331, so that the worm gear 332 and the worm 331 are matched and rotated, so that the meshing shaft 7 rotates. Since the meshing shaft 7 is meshed with the second gear 71 , so the meshing shaft 7 drives the second gear 71 to rotate, thereby driving the lifting or lowering of the lifting rod 5; when the lifting or lowering of the lifting rod 5 needs to be closed, the rotating shaft 333 is pulled by the convex block 3331 to separate the worm wheel 332 and the worm 331. As a result, the rotation of the rotating shaft 333 is stopped. When the transmission of the worm gear 332 and the worm 331 is blocked, the steel ball 81 attached to the fixed seat 8 will slip, which can protect the worm gear 332 from damage.

In this embodiment, a sliding block 52 is provided on the side of the lifting rod 5 opposite to the locking teeth 51 , and a sliding groove 53 is provided in the housing 31 which is matched with the sliding block 52 .

With the above structure, the lifting rod 5 can move up and down along the chute 53 through the slider 52 more conveniently and reduce frictional force.

In this embodiment, the bottom end of the lift rod 5 is provided with an adjustment device 9 , and the adjustment device 9 includes a connection block 91 connected with the lift rod 5 and a movable rod 92 horizontally inserted on the connection block 91 . The connecting rod 321 is provided with a through hole in the radial direction that is adapted to the movable rod 92 .

With the above structure, the coil 32 can be adjusted to have different angles relative to the horizontal direction by rotating the movable rod 92 to meet different welding research requirements.

In this embodiment, the motor 1 adopts a variable speed motor 1 .

By adopting the above structure, the entire rotation around the axis can be driven by the variable-speed motor 1, the rotation rate can be changed and the variable-speed rotary motion can be performed, and the motor 1 can be uniformly accelerated or uniformly decelerated by the PLC, and fixed on the housing 31 by screws. On the upper part of the fuselage, there is a gap between the first gear 11 and the casing 31 to reduce friction.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. Improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. an arc welding system that can adjust an externally applied magnetic field, comprising a motor, an electric welding device and an externally applied magnetic field device, the electric welding device includes a welding torch and a welding wire inserted at the end of the welding torch, it is characterized in that: the welding torch is sleeved with A fixed gear, a bearing sleeved on the welding torch is arranged below the fixed gear, the external magnetic field device includes a casing and a coil, and the casing is provided with a support plate that is adapted to the welding torch and has an arc-shaped cross-section. The plate is provided with a fixing groove adapted to the bearing, the bearing is fixed in the fixing groove by bolts and nuts, the motor is arranged on the casing, the motor shaft is arranged through the casing, and the motor shaft is sleeved with The first gear meshing with the fixed gear, a lifting rod is passed through the casing, a connecting rod connected to the bottom end of the lifting rod is arranged on the coil, the coil is located under the welding torch, and a side wall of the casing is provided with a connecting rod. There is a fixed block, and a power supply device for supplying power to the coil is arranged on the fixed block; the external magnetic field device also includes a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism includes a worm sleeve sleeved on the motor shaft, a worm wheel adapted to the worm, and a transmission mechanism. The rotating shaft used for fixing the worm gear, the front end of the rotating shaft is sleeved with a meshing shaft, the front of the worm wheel is provided with a second gear that meshes with the meshing shaft, and the second gear is fixed in the casing through the fixed shaft. The lifting rod is arranged on one side of the second gear, and the side wall is provided with a locking tooth meshing with the second gear; the end of the rotating shaft opposite to the second gear extends outward to the outside of the casing, and the end of the rotating shaft is There is a convex block for pulling the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is provided with a fixed seat adapted to the center hole of the worm wheel, and the steel ball for protecting the worm wheel is embedded on the fixed seat; A sliding block is provided on one side, and a chute adapted to the sliding block is provided in the casing; an adjusting device is provided at the bottom end of the lifting rod, and the adjusting device includes a connecting block connected with the lifting rod and a horizontal plug. The movable rod is arranged on the connecting block, and the radial direction of the connecting rod is provided with a through hole adapted to the movable rod. 2 . The arc welding system with adjustable external magnetic field according to claim 1 , wherein the motor adopts a variable speed motor. 3 .

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