Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides an information processing method and apparatus, which can meet the requirement of transmitting N1MM message and N1SM message through N1 interface after AMF and SMF are separated.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides an information processing method, applied to a UE, including:
sending an N1message to AMF, wherein an N1message type identifier is carried in the N1message, and the N1message type identifier is used for indicating whether the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes:
MM message identification information, the MM message identification information is used for representing MM message identification corresponding to the N1MM message.
Wherein, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to the SMF.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the N1message further includes:
SM message routing information and information to be sent to the SMF.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the information to be sent to the SMF further includes:
and SM message identification information, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1SM messages.
Wherein, the message to be sent to SMF is packaged in SM message container.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an information processing method applied to an AMF, including:
receiving an N1message sent by a UE, wherein an N1message type identifier is carried in the N1message, and the N1message type identifier is used for indicating whether the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message;
and carrying out corresponding processing according to the type identifier of the N1 message.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes:
MM message identification information, wherein the MM message identification information is used for representing MM message identifications corresponding to the N1MM messages;
the corresponding processing is performed according to the N1message type identifier, and includes:
and carrying out corresponding processing according to the N1message type identifier and the MM message identifier information, and sending a response message to the UE.
Wherein, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to SMF;
the performing corresponding processing according to the N1message type identifier further includes:
and forwarding the information to be sent to the SMF to the corresponding SMF according to the SM message routing information.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to SMF;
the corresponding processing is performed according to the N1message type identifier, and includes:
and forwarding the information to be sent to the SMF to the corresponding SMF according to the SM message routing information.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the information to be sent to the SMF further includes:
and SM message identification information, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1SM messages.
Wherein, the message to be sent to SMF is packaged in SM message container.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an information processing method applied to an SMF, including:
receiving an N11 message sent by an AMF, wherein the N11 message comprises: the AMF acquires SM message identification information from an N1message sent by the UE, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1 message; wherein an N1message type identifier is carried in the N1message, and the N1message type identifier is used for indicating whether the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message;
and carrying out corresponding processing according to the SM message identification information.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an information processing apparatus, including:
a sending module, configured to send an N1message to an AMF, where the N1message carries an N1message type identifier, and the N1message type identifier is used to indicate that the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes:
MM message identification information, the MM message identification information is used for representing MM message identification corresponding to the N1MM message.
Wherein, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to the SMF.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to the SMF.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the information to be sent to the SMF further includes:
and SM message identification information, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1SM messages.
Wherein, the message to be sent to SMF is packaged in SM message container.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an information processing apparatus, including:
a receiving module, configured to receive an N1message sent by a UE, where the N1message carries an N1message type identifier, and the N1message type identifier is used to indicate that the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message;
and the processing module is used for carrying out corresponding processing according to the N1message type identifier.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes:
MM message identification information, wherein the MM message identification information is used for representing MM message identifications corresponding to the N1MM messages;
the processing module is specifically configured to perform corresponding processing according to the N1message type identifier and the MM message identifier, and send a response message to the UE.
Wherein, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to SMF;
the processing module is specifically configured to forward the information to be sent to the SMF to the corresponding SMF according to the SM message routing information.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to SMF;
the processing module is specifically configured to forward the information to be sent to the SMF to the corresponding SMF according to the SM message routing information.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the information to be sent to the SMF further includes:
and SM message identification information, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1SM messages.
Wherein, the message to be sent to SMF is packaged in SM message container.
In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an information processing method, including:
a receiving module, configured to receive an N11 message sent by an AMF, where the N11 message includes: the AMF acquires SM message identification information from an N1message sent by the UE, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1 message; wherein an N1message type identifier is carried in the N1message, and the N1message type identifier is used for indicating whether the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message;
and the processing module is used for carrying out corresponding processing according to the SM message identification information.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the invention, the message type identifier of the N1N1 is set, so that the AMF can distinguish the type of the N1message, thereby meeting the requirement of transmitting the N1MM message and the N1SM message by sharing the N1 interface after the AMF and the SMF are separated.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the information processing method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a UE, and includes:
step 101, sending an N1message to an AMF, where the N1message carries an N1message type identifier, and the N1message type identifier is used to indicate that the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the message header of the N1message may carry an N1message type identifier, so as to indicate that the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message. The specific implementation form of the N1message type identifier is not limited. For example, when the N1message type identifier is 1, it indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, and when the N3578 message type identifier is 0, it indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes: MM message identification information, which is used to indicate the MM message identification (such as registration message, deregistration message, service request message, etc.) corresponding to the N1MM message. In addition, SM message routing information and information to be sent to the SMF may also be included in the N1MM message.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to the SMF. The information to be sent to the SMF further includes: and the SM message identification information is used for indicating an SM message identification (such as session establishment, session deletion, session modification and the like) corresponding to the N1SM message.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the message to be sent to the SMF is encapsulated in an SM message container (container).
In the embodiment of the invention, the message type identifier of N1 is set, so that AMF can distinguish the type of the N1message, thereby meeting the requirement of transmitting the N1MM message and the N1SM message by sharing the N1 interface after AMF and SMF are separated. Meanwhile, by using the embodiment, the message header length of the N1message is effectively utilized, the processing efficiency of the AMF is improved, and the design principle that the N1SM message is transparent to the AMF is met.
As shown in fig. 2, the information processing method according to the embodiment of the present invention, applied to the AMF, includes:
step 201, receiving an N1message sent by a UE, where the N1message carries an N1message type identifier, and the N1message type identifier is used to indicate that the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message;
and step 202, performing corresponding processing according to the N1message type identifier.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes: MM message identification information, which is used to indicate the MM message identification (such as registration message, deregistration message, service request message, etc.) corresponding to the N1MM message. Correspondingly, the AMF performs corresponding processing according to the N1message type identifier and the MM message identifier information, and sends a response message to the UE. For example, the AMF may register, deregister, etc. according to the message.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to SMF; correspondingly, the AMF forwards the information to be sent to the SMF to the corresponding SMF according to the SM message routing information.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to SMF; correspondingly, the AMF forwards the information to be sent to the SMF to the corresponding SMF according to the SM message routing information. Wherein, the information to be sent to the SMF further includes: SM message identification information (such as session establishment, session deletion, session modification, etc.), where the SM message identification information is used to indicate an SM message identification corresponding to the N1SM message, so as to facilitate corresponding processing by the SMF.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the message to be sent to the SMF is encapsulated in an SM message container (container).
In the embodiment of the invention, the message type identifier of N1 is set, so that AMF can distinguish the type of the N1message, thereby meeting the requirement of transmitting the N1MM message and the N1SM message by sharing the N1 interface after AMF and SMF are separated. Meanwhile, by using the embodiment, the message header length of the N1message is effectively utilized, the processing efficiency of the AMF is improved, and the design principle that the N1SM message is transparent to the AMF is met.
As shown in fig. 3, the information processing method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to SMF, and includes:
step 301, receiving an N11 message sent by the AMF, where the N11 message includes: the AMF acquires SM message identification information (such as session establishment, session deletion, session modification and the like) from an N1message sent by the UE, wherein the SM message identification information is used for indicating SM message identifications corresponding to the N1 message; wherein an N1message type identifier is carried in the N1message, and the N1message type identifier is used for indicating whether the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message;
and step 302, performing corresponding processing according to the SM message identification information.
For example, the SMF may establish a session, delete a session, modify a session, and the like.
In the embodiment of the invention, the message type identifier of N1 is set, so that AMF can distinguish the type of the N1message, thereby meeting the requirement of transmitting the N1MM message and the N1SM message by sharing the N1 interface after AMF and SMF are separated. Meanwhile, by using the embodiment, the message header length of the N1message is effectively utilized, the processing efficiency of the AMF is improved, and the design principle that the N1SM message is transparent to the AMF is met.
In the embodiment of the invention, whether the current N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message is identified by an N1message type identity (N1message type identity). The UE encapsulates the message to be forwarded to the SMF in an N1message in an SMmessage container. In addition, the N1message may also carry MM message identification information (MM messageidentity) for indicating the identification of the current MM message (such as registration message, deregistration message, service request message, etc.); in the N1message, SM message identification information (MM message identity) may also be carried, which is used to indicate an identification of the current SM message (such as session establishment, session deletion, session modification, etc.).
As shown in fig. 4, the N1MM message sent by the UE is shown and does not carry the N1message structure of the N1SM message.
For example, the UE may set the N1message type identity (N1message type identity) in the N1message to 1, indicating that the N1message is an N1MM message.
For example, if the N1MM message is a registration message (register message), the value of the N1message type identifier may be set to 1, indicating that the MM message is currently present; the value of MM message identification information (MM message identity) may be set to 1, indicating that a register message is currently present.
As another example, if the N1MM message is a deregistration message (deregister message), the value of the N1message type identifier may be set to 1, indicating that it is currently an MM message; the value of MM message identification information (MMmessage identity) may be set to 2, indicating that a heretister message is currently present.
Correspondingly, the AMF performs corresponding processing, such as registration and deregistration for the UE, according to the message identification information in the received N1MM message.
As shown in fig. 5, a message structure of N1SM sent by the UE is shown.
The UE may set the N1message type identity (N1message type identity) in the N1message to 0, indicating that the N1message is an N1SM message.
For example, if the N1SM message is a session establishment message (PDU session establishment messages), carrying the PDU session establishment messages, the value of the N1message type identifier may be set to 0, which indicates that the current message is N1SM message; the UE carries SMF selectioninfo in the N1SM message, which is used for AMF to select SMF. The UE sets a value of SM message identity in the SM message, indicating that it is currently a PDU session authorization messages.
For example, if the N1SM message is a PDU session modification messages, the value of the N1message type identifier may be set to 0, indicating that it is currently an N1SM message; the UE carries the PDU session ID in the N1message, which is used for the AMF to find the SMF associated with the PDU session ID in the local context (context). The UE sets the value of SM messaging identity in the SM message, indicating that it is currently a pdu administration modification messages.
Accordingly, the AMF forwards the N1SM message to the corresponding SMF, which performs corresponding processing.
As shown in fig. 6, a structure of an N1MM message encapsulation SM message transmitted by the UE is shown.
The UE may set the N1message type identity (N1message type identity) in the N1message to 0, indicating that the N1message is an N1SM message.
For example, if the N1MM message is a register message, the value of the N1message type identifier may be set to 1, indicating that the MM message is currently present; the value of MM message identity may be set to 1, indicating that a register message is currently present.
The UE carries SMF selection info in N1message, which is used for AMF to select SMF. The UE sets the value of SM message identity in the SM message, indicating that it is currently a PDU session request messages.
Then, the AMF needs to perform corresponding processing according to the MM message identification information and forward the SM message to the corresponding SMF through the N11 message.
After receiving the SM message sent by the AMF, the SMF determines the current SM message identification information, executes corresponding processing, and returns a response message.
In the above embodiment, the N1message type identifier (N1message type identity) and the MM message identifier information (MM message identity) may be encoded by one cell or may be encoded by two independent cells.
As shown in fig. 7, an information processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention may be disposed in a UE, and include:
a sending module 701, configured to send an N1message to an AMF, where the N1message carries an N1message type identifier, and the N1message type identifier is used to indicate that the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes: MM message identification information, the MM message identification information is used for representing MM message identification corresponding to the N1MM message. Wherein, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to the SMF.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to the SMF. Wherein, the information to be sent to the SMF further includes: and SM message identification information, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1SM messages.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the message to be sent to the SMF is encapsulated in an SM message container (container).
In the embodiment of the invention, the message type identifier of N1 is set, so that AMF can distinguish the type of the N1message, thereby meeting the requirement of transmitting the N1MM message and the N1SM message by sharing the N1 interface after AMF and SMF are separated. Meanwhile, by using the embodiment, the message header length of the N1message is effectively utilized, the processing efficiency of the AMF is improved, and the design principle that the N1SM message is transparent to the AMF is met.
As shown in fig. 8, the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention may be disposed in an AMF, and includes:
a receiving module 801, configured to receive an N1message sent by a UE, where the N1message carries an N1message type identifier, and the N1message type identifier is used to indicate that the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message; the processing module 802 is configured to perform corresponding processing according to the N1message type identifier.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes: MM message identification information, wherein the MM message identification information is used for representing MM message identifications corresponding to the N1MM messages; the processing module 802 is specifically configured to perform corresponding processing according to the N1message type identifier and the MM message identifier information, and send a response message to the UE.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to SMF; at this time, the processing module 802 is specifically configured to forward the information to be sent to the SMF to the corresponding SMF according to the SM message routing information.
Wherein, when the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to SMF; the processing module 802 is specifically configured to forward the information to be sent to the SMF to the corresponding SMF according to the SM message routing information. When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the information to be sent to the SMF further includes: and SM message identification information, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1SM messages.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the message to be sent to the SMF is encapsulated in an SM message container (container).
In the embodiment of the invention, the N1message is set, so that the AMF can distinguish the type of the N1message, thereby meeting the requirement of transmitting the N1MM message and the N1SM message by sharing the N1 interface after the AMF and the SMF are separated. Meanwhile, by using the embodiment, the message header length of the N1message is effectively utilized, the processing efficiency of the AMF is improved, and the design principle that the N1SM message is transparent to the AMF is met.
As shown in fig. 9, the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention may be disposed in an SMF, and includes:
a receiving module 901, configured to receive an N11 message sent by an AMF, where the N11 message includes: the AMF acquires SM message identification information from an N1message sent by the UE, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1 message; wherein an N1message type identifier is carried in the N1message, and the N1message type identifier is used for indicating whether the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message; a processing module 902, configured to perform corresponding processing according to the SM message identifier information.
In the embodiment of the invention, the N1message is set, so that the AMF can distinguish the type of the N1message, thereby meeting the requirement of transmitting the N1MM message and the N1SM message by sharing the N1 interface after the AMF and the SMF are separated. Meanwhile, by using the embodiment, the message header length of the N1message is effectively utilized, the processing efficiency of the AMF is improved, and the design principle that the N1SM message is transparent to the AMF is met.
As shown in fig. 10, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a network device, including:
the processor 1000, which is used to read the program in the memory 1020, executes the following processes: receiving an N1message sent by a UE through a transceiver 1010, wherein an N1message type identifier is carried in the N1message, and the N1message type identifier is used to indicate whether the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message; and carrying out corresponding processing according to the type identifier of the N1 message.
A transceiver 1010 for receiving and transmitting data under the control of the processor 1000.
Where in fig. 10, the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, with various circuits being linked together, particularly one or more processors represented by processor 1000 and memory represented by memory 1020. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further herein. The bus interface provides an interface. The transceiver 1010 may be a number of elements including a transmitter and a transceiver providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The processor 1000 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1020 may store data used by the processor 1000 in performing operations.
The processor 1000 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1020 may store data used by the processor 1000 in performing operations.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes: MM message identification information, wherein the MM message identification information is used for representing MM message identifications corresponding to the N1MM messages; the processor 1000 is further configured to perform corresponding processing according to the N1message type identifier and the MM message identifier information, and send a response message to the UE.
The N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to SMF; the processor 1000 is further configured to forward the information to be sent to the SMF to a corresponding SMF according to the SM message routing information.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to SMF; the processor 1000 is further configured to forward the information to be sent to the SMF to a corresponding SMF according to the SM message routing information.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the information to be sent to the SMF further includes:
and SM message identification information, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1SM messages.
The message to be sent to the SMF is encapsulated in an SM message container (container).
As shown in fig. 11, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a network device, including:
the processor 1100, which reads the program in the memory 1120, performs the following processes: receiving, by the transceiver 1111, an N11 message sent by the AMF, where the N11 message includes: the AMF acquires SM message identification information from an N1message sent by the UE, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1 message; wherein an N1message type identifier is carried in the N1message, and the N1message type identifier is used for indicating whether the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message; and carrying out corresponding processing according to the SM message identification information.
A transceiver 1111 for receiving and transmitting data under the control of the processor 1100.
Where in fig. 11, the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, with one or more processors, represented by processor 1100, and various circuits, represented by memory 1120, being linked together. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further herein. The bus interface provides an interface. The transceiver 1111 may be a plurality of elements including a transmitter and a transceiver providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The processor 1100 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1120 may store data used by the processor 1100 in performing operations.
The processor 1100 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1120 may store data used by the processor 1100 in performing operations.
As shown in fig. 12, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a user equipment, including: a processor 1200 for reading the program in the memory 1220 and executing the following processes:
sending an N1message to the AMF through the transceiver 1210, wherein an N1message type identifier is carried in the N1message, and the N1message type identifier is used for indicating whether the N1message is an N1MM message or an N1SM message.
A transceiver 1210 for receiving and transmitting data under the control of the processor 1200.
Where in fig. 12, the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, with various circuits of one or more processors represented by processor 1200 and memory represented by memory 1220 being linked together. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further herein. The bus interface provides an interface. The transceiver 1210 may be a number of elements including a transmitter and a receiver that provide a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. For different user devices, the user interface 1230 may also be an interface capable of interfacing with a desired device externally, including but not limited to a keypad, display, speaker, microphone, joystick, etc.
The processor 1200 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1220 may store data used by the processor 1200 in performing operations.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1MM message, the N1message further includes: MM message identification information, the MM message identification information is used for representing MM message identification corresponding to the N1MM message. The N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to the SMF.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the N1message further includes: SM message routing information and information to be sent to the SMF.
When the N1message type identifier indicates that the N1message is an N1SM message, the information to be sent to the SMF further includes: and SM message identification information, wherein the SM message identification information is used for representing SM message identifications corresponding to the N1SM messages.
The message to be sent to the SMF is encapsulated in an SM message container (container).
Furthermore, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, where the computer program is capable of being executed by a processor to perform the method of any one of the foregoing embodiments.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed method and apparatus may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be physically included alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, or in a form of hardware plus a software functional unit.
The integrated unit implemented in the form of a software functional unit may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. The software functional unit is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute some steps of the transceiving method according to various embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.