CN108916217A - A kind of cantilever style radial foil bearing - Google Patents
A kind of cantilever style radial foil bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN108916217A CN108916217A CN201810939744.8A CN201810939744A CN108916217A CN 108916217 A CN108916217 A CN 108916217A CN 201810939744 A CN201810939744 A CN 201810939744A CN 108916217 A CN108916217 A CN 108916217A
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 250
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C27/02—Sliding-contact bearings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种悬臂型径向箔片轴承，包括：轴承座、多个弹性支撑元件、多个悬臂箔片；其中，轴承座内壁开设有多个轴向卡槽，一个卡槽对应一个弹性支撑元件和一个悬臂箔片；在轴承座内按照由外到内的顺序，依次安装弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片，弹性支撑元件一端与悬臂箔片一端均通过销钉叠合固定在对应的卡槽内，弹性支撑元件另一端与对应的悬臂箔片另一端处于自由状态，每个悬臂箔片另一端均沿周向自由搭接在相邻悬臂箔片上；弹性支撑元件与轴承座内壁贴合，弹性支撑元件与对应的悬臂箔片线接触或面接触，相邻的悬臂箔片之间分段线接触或面接触。本发明具有多重刚度、载荷力较高、缓和冲击振动的能力较强等特点，可广泛应用于轴承领域。
The invention provides a cantilever type radial foil bearing, comprising: a bearing seat, a plurality of elastic support elements, and a plurality of cantilever foils; wherein, the inner wall of the bearing seat is provided with a plurality of axial slots, and each slot corresponds to an elastic The support element and a cantilever foil; install the elastic support element and the cantilever foil in the order from outside to inside in the bearing seat, and one end of the elastic support element and one end of the cantilever foil are superimposed and fixed in the corresponding slot by pins Inside, the other end of the elastic support element and the other end of the corresponding cantilever foil are in a free state, and the other end of each cantilever foil is freely lapped on the adjacent cantilever foil along the circumferential direction; the elastic support element is attached to the inner wall of the bearing seat, The elastic support element is in line contact or surface contact with the corresponding cantilever foil, and adjacent cantilever foils are in segmental line contact or surface contact. The invention has the characteristics of multiple rigidities, high load force, strong ability to moderate impact vibration, etc., and can be widely used in the field of bearings.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及动压气体轴承技术领域，特别是涉及一种悬臂型径向箔片轴承。The invention relates to the technical field of dynamic pressure gas bearings, in particular to a cantilever type radial foil bearing.
背景技术Background technique
在实际应用中，承载的动压气体轴承运行时会出现轴的角度偏差，导致其承载力降低、磨损严重。箔片气体轴承是一种具有自作用柔性表面的动压气体轴承，其柔性表面一般采用金属箔片制成。箔片气体轴承因其柔性表面而具有一定的刚度和阻尼，可根据载荷情况自适应地改变轴承内的气膜厚度，从而使轴承可以在一定范围内适应轴的角度偏差，提高轴承的承载能力与缓和冲击振动的能力。但是，传统的悬臂型箔片轴承由于支撑结构单一，故不能很好的通过箔片变形应对运转过程中的冲击载荷和涡动，易造成轴与箔片间的摩擦损坏。In practical applications, the angular deviation of the shaft will occur when the dynamic pressure gas bearing is running, resulting in a reduction in its bearing capacity and severe wear. Foil gas bearing is a kind of dynamic pressure gas bearing with self-acting flexible surface, and its flexible surface is generally made of metal foil. The foil gas bearing has certain stiffness and damping due to its flexible surface, and can adaptively change the thickness of the air film in the bearing according to the load situation, so that the bearing can adapt to the angular deviation of the shaft within a certain range and improve the bearing capacity of the bearing with the ability to moderate shock vibrations. However, due to the single support structure of the traditional cantilever foil bearing, it cannot well deal with the impact load and whirl during operation through the deformation of the foil, which may easily cause friction damage between the shaft and the foil.
申请号为“2012103828306”、发明名称为“一种多层鼓泡箔片径向动压气体轴承”的中国专利申请公开了多层鼓泡箔片径向动压气体轴承，其在载荷范围内平箔与鼓泡箔片始终保持接触，使得该轴承刚度特性单一。2012年朱建军等在第十届全国气体润滑与干气密封学术交流会上发表的《悬臂型箔片动压气体轴承静动态特性分析研究》中，波箔也只能为轴承提供单一刚度。The Chinese patent application with the application number "2012103828306" and the title of the invention "a multilayer bubbling foil radial dynamic pressure gas bearing" discloses a multilayer bubbling foil radial dynamic pressure gas bearing, which is within the load range The constant contact between the flat foil and the bubble foil makes this bearing a single stiffness characteristic. In 2012, Zhu Jianjun and others published "Analysis and Research on Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Cantilever Foil Dynamic Pressure Gas Bearings" at the Tenth National Academic Exchange Conference on Gas Lubrication and Dry Gas Sealing. The wave foil can only provide a single stiffness for the bearing.
由此可见，在现有技术中，箔片只能为悬臂型箔片轴承提供单一刚度，使得悬臂型箔片轴承的载荷力较低，且缓和冲击振动的能力也较低。It can be seen that, in the prior art, the foil can only provide a single rigidity for the cantilever foil bearing, so that the load force of the cantilever foil bearing is low, and the ability to moderate shock vibration is also low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种具有多重刚度、载荷力较高、缓和冲击振动的能力较强的悬臂型径向箔片轴承。In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a cantilever type radial foil bearing with multiple rigidities, high load force, and strong ability to moderate impact vibration.
为了达到上述目的，本发明提出的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme proposed by the present invention is:
一种悬臂型径向箔片轴承，包括：轴承座、三个以上的弹性支撑元件、三个以上的悬臂箔片；其中，A cantilever radial foil bearing, comprising: a bearing seat, more than three elastic support elements, and more than three cantilever foils; wherein,
轴承座内壁沿周向均匀开设有三个以上轴向的卡槽，弹性支撑元件的数目、悬臂箔片的数目与卡槽的数目均相同，一个卡槽对应一个弹性支撑元件和一个悬臂箔片；在轴承座内按照由外到内的顺序，依次安装对应的弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片，弹性支撑元件一端与悬臂箔片一端均作为固定端通过销钉叠合固定在对应的卡槽内，弹性支撑元件另一端与对应的悬臂箔片另一端均作为自由端处于自由状态，每个悬臂箔片另一端均沿周向自由搭接在相邻悬臂箔片上；弹性支撑元件与轴承座内壁贴合，弹性支撑元件与对应的悬臂箔片线接触或面接触，相邻的悬臂箔片之间分段线接触或面接触。The inner wall of the bearing seat is uniformly provided with more than three axial slots along the circumferential direction. The number of elastic support elements, the number of cantilever foils and the number of slots are the same, and one slot corresponds to one elastic support element and one cantilever foil; Install the corresponding elastic support element and cantilever foil in the bearing housing in order from outside to inside. One end of the elastic support element and one end of the cantilever foil are both used as fixed ends and fixed in the corresponding slot by pin superimposition. The other end of the support element and the other end of the corresponding cantilever foil are both in a free state as a free end, and the other end of each cantilever foil is freely lapped on the adjacent cantilever foil along the circumferential direction; the elastic support element is attached to the inner wall of the bearing seat , the elastic support element is in line contact or surface contact with the corresponding cantilever foil, and adjacent cantilever foils are in segmental line contact or surface contact.
综上所述，本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承在轴承座内按照由外到内的顺序，依次安装对应的弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片，弹性支撑元件与轴承座内壁贴合。在所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承载荷时，弹性支撑元件或悬臂箔片发生延展。当载荷较小时，在气膜压力的作用下仅悬臂箔片延展，也仅有悬臂箔片起支撑作用，这时所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承存在悬臂箔片结构阻尼、弹性支撑元件悬相邻臂箔片之间存在摩擦阻尼。随着载荷的增大，所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承存在悬臂箔片的结构阻尼、弹性支撑元件悬相邻臂箔片之间存在的摩擦阻尼也逐渐增大。随着载荷的进一步增大，在气膜压力的作用下弹性支撑元件和悬臂箔片延展，弹性支撑元件和悬臂箔片共同起支撑作用，这时所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承存在弹性支撑元件结构阻尼、悬臂箔片的结构阻尼、弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片之间的摩擦阻尼、弹性支撑元件悬相邻臂箔片之间存在摩擦阻尼；而且，随着载荷的增大，上述这些摩擦阻尼也逐渐增大。由此可见，随着载荷的增加，弹性支撑元件与对应的悬臂箔片线接触或面接触、相邻的悬臂箔片之间分段线接触或面接触进一步加强，弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片的耦合刚度也逐渐加强，本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承具有明显的非线性分段多重刚性特性与非线性分段阻尼变化特征，使得本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承承载力和运行稳定性有了很大的提高；同时，随着载荷的增加，本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承更能适应轴的角度偏差，在偏差大的一端弹性支撑元件或悬臂箔片产生较大的变形，而在偏差小的一端弹性支撑元件或悬臂箔片产生较小的变形，从而使得本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承具有更好的承载特性和应对冲击的能力。To sum up, the cantilever type radial foil bearing of the present invention is installed in the bearing seat according to the order from outside to inside, and the corresponding elastic support elements and cantilever foils are sequentially installed, and the elastic support elements are attached to the inner wall of the bearing seat. When the cantilever type radial foil bearing is loaded, the elastic support element or cantilever foil expands. When the load is small, only the cantilever foil extends under the action of the air film pressure, and only the cantilever foil plays a supporting role. At this time, the cantilever type radial foil bearing has cantilever foil structure damping, elastic support element suspension There is frictional damping between adjacent arm foils. As the load increases, the structural damping of the cantilever foil in the cantilever radial foil bearing, and the frictional damping between the adjacent arm foils suspended by the elastic support element also gradually increase. As the load further increases, the elastic support element and the cantilever foil expand under the action of the air film pressure, and the elastic support element and the cantilever foil jointly play a supporting role. At this time, the cantilever radial foil bearing has elastic support Structural damping of the element, structural damping of the cantilever foil, frictional damping between the elastic support element and the cantilever foil, frictional damping between the elastic support element overhanging adjacent arm foils; and, as the load increases, these Frictional damping also increases gradually. It can be seen that, as the load increases, the elastic support element and the corresponding cantilever foil are in line or surface contact, and the segmental line contact or surface contact between adjacent cantilever foils is further strengthened. The coupling stiffness of the cantilever type radial foil bearing in the present invention has obvious nonlinear segmental multiple rigidity characteristics and nonlinear segmental damping change characteristics, so that the cantilever type radial foil bearing in the present invention can carry The force and running stability have been greatly improved; at the same time, as the load increases, the cantilever type radial foil bearing of the present invention is more able to adapt to the angular deviation of the shaft, and the elastic support element or cantilever foil at the end with a large deviation Larger deformation of the sheet, and smaller deformation of the elastic support element or cantilever foil at the end with a small deviation, so that the cantilever type radial foil bearing of the present invention has better load-bearing characteristics and ability to deal with impacts .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承的总体组成结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall composition and structure of the cantilever type radial foil bearing of the present invention.
图2是本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承在载荷较小时弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片仅在固定端处线接触状态下的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the cantilever radial foil bearing of the present invention under a state where the elastic support element and the cantilever foil are in line contact only at the fixed end when the load is small.
图3是本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承在载荷较大时弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片完全贴合状态下的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cantilever radial foil bearing in the present invention under a state where the elastic support element and the cantilever foil are fully attached when the load is large.
图4是本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承在载荷增大的情况下弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片从固定端起逐渐发生接触的过程示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the process of gradually contacting the elastic support element and the cantilever foil from the fixed end when the load increases in the cantilever type radial foil bearing of the present invention.
图5(a)是等高弹性支撑元件的结构示意图。Fig. 5(a) is a schematic structural view of the equal-height elastic support element.
图5(b)是变高弹性支撑元件的结构示意图。Fig. 5(b) is a schematic structural view of the variable-height elastic support element.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步地详细描述。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
图1是本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承的总体组成结构示意图。如图1所示，本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承包括：轴承座1、三个以上的弹性支撑元件2、三个以上的悬臂箔片3；其中，Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall composition and structure of the cantilever type radial foil bearing of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the cantilever type radial foil bearing of the present invention includes: a bearing seat 1, more than three elastic support elements 2, and more than three cantilever foils 3; wherein,
轴承座1内壁沿周向均匀开设有三个以上轴向的卡槽5，弹性支撑元件2的数目、悬臂箔片3的数目与卡槽5的数目均相同，一个卡槽5对应一个弹性支撑元件2和一个悬臂箔片3；在轴承座1内按照由外到内的顺序，依次安装对应的弹性支撑元件2与悬臂箔片3，弹性支撑元件2一端与悬臂箔片3一端均作为固定端通过销钉4叠合固定在对应的卡槽5内，弹性支撑元件2另一端与对应的悬臂箔片3另一端均作为自由端处于自由状态，每个悬臂箔片3自由端均沿周向自由搭接在相邻悬臂箔片3上；每个弹性支撑元件2周向长度略小于相邻卡槽5之间的间距，弹性支撑元件2与轴承座1内壁贴合，弹性支撑元件2与对应的悬臂箔片3线接触或面接触，相邻的悬臂箔片3之间分段线接触或面接触。The inner wall of the bearing seat 1 is uniformly opened with more than three axial slots 5 along the circumferential direction, the number of elastic support elements 2, the number of cantilever foils 3 and the number of slots 5 are the same, and one slot 5 corresponds to one elastic support element 2 and a cantilever foil 3; install the corresponding elastic support element 2 and cantilever foil 3 in the order from outside to inside in the bearing seat 1, and one end of the elastic support element 2 and one end of the cantilever foil 3 are both used as fixed ends The pin 4 is superimposed and fixed in the corresponding card slot 5, the other end of the elastic support element 2 and the other end of the corresponding cantilever foil 3 are both in a free state as a free end, and the free end of each cantilever foil 3 is free along the circumferential direction. Overlapped on the adjacent cantilever foil 3; the circumferential length of each elastic support element 2 is slightly smaller than the distance between adjacent slots 5, the elastic support element 2 is attached to the inner wall of the bearing seat 1, and the elastic support element 2 is connected to the corresponding The cantilever foils 3 are in line contact or surface contact, and adjacent cantilever foils 3 are in segmental line contact or surface contact.
实际应用中，弹性支撑元件2的数目、悬臂箔片3的数目与卡槽5的数目可根据实际需要具体确定。In practical applications, the number of elastic support elements 2 , the number of cantilever foils 3 and the number of slots 5 can be specifically determined according to actual needs.
本发明中，所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承的长度为25毫米，轴直径为25毫米。In the present invention, the length of the cantilever type radial foil bearing is 25 mm, and the shaft diameter is 25 mm.
总之，本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承在轴承座内按照由外到内的顺序，依次安装对应的弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片，弹性支撑元件与轴承座内壁贴合。在所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承载荷时，弹性支撑元件或悬臂箔片发生延展。当载荷较小时，在气膜压力的作用下仅悬臂箔片延展，也仅有悬臂箔片起支撑作用，这时所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承存在悬臂箔片结构阻尼、弹性支撑元件悬相邻臂箔片之间存在摩擦阻尼。随着载荷的增大，所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承存在悬臂箔片的结构阻尼、弹性支撑元件悬相邻臂箔片之间存在的摩擦阻尼也逐渐增大。随着载荷的进一步增大，在气膜压力的作用下弹性支撑元件和悬臂箔片延展，弹性支撑元件和悬臂箔片共同起支撑作用，这时所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承存在弹性支撑元件结构阻尼、悬臂箔片的结构阻尼、弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片之间的摩擦阻尼、弹性支撑元件悬相邻臂箔片之间存在摩擦阻尼；而且，随着载荷的增大，上述这些摩擦阻尼也逐渐增大。由此可见，随着载荷的增加，弹性支撑元件与对应的悬臂箔片线接触或面接触、相邻的悬臂箔片之间分段线接触或面接触进一步加强，弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片的耦合刚度也逐渐加强，本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承具有明显的非线性分段多重刚性特性与非线性分段阻尼变化特征，使得本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承承载力和运行稳定性有了很大的提高；同时，随着载荷的增加，本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承更能适应轴的角度偏差，在偏差大的一端弹性支撑元件或悬臂箔片产生较大的变形，而在偏差小的一端弹性支撑元件或悬臂箔片产生较小的变形，使轴承间隙、压力分布等沿轴向基本保持一致，从而使得本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承具有更好的承载特性和应对冲击的能力。In a word, the cantilever type radial foil bearing of the present invention installs the corresponding elastic supporting elements and the cantilever foil in sequence from outside to inside in the bearing seat, and the elastic supporting elements are attached to the inner wall of the bearing seat. When the cantilever type radial foil bearing is loaded, the elastic support element or cantilever foil expands. When the load is small, only the cantilever foil extends under the action of the air film pressure, and only the cantilever foil plays a supporting role. At this time, the cantilever type radial foil bearing has cantilever foil structure damping, elastic support element suspension There is frictional damping between adjacent arm foils. As the load increases, the structural damping of the cantilever foil in the cantilever radial foil bearing, and the frictional damping between the adjacent arm foils suspended by the elastic support element also gradually increase. As the load further increases, the elastic support element and the cantilever foil expand under the action of the air film pressure, and the elastic support element and the cantilever foil jointly play a supporting role. At this time, the cantilever radial foil bearing has elastic support Structural damping of the element, structural damping of the cantilever foil, frictional damping between the elastic support element and the cantilever foil, frictional damping between the elastic support element overhanging adjacent arm foils; and, as the load increases, these Frictional damping also increases gradually. It can be seen that, as the load increases, the elastic support element and the corresponding cantilever foil are in line or surface contact, and the segmental line contact or surface contact between adjacent cantilever foils is further strengthened. The coupling stiffness of the cantilever type radial foil bearing in the present invention has obvious nonlinear segmental multiple rigidity characteristics and nonlinear segmental damping change characteristics, so that the cantilever type radial foil bearing in the present invention can carry The force and running stability have been greatly improved; at the same time, as the load increases, the cantilever type radial foil bearing of the present invention is more able to adapt to the angular deviation of the shaft, and the elastic support element or cantilever foil at the end with a large deviation large deformation of the sheet, and a small deformation of the elastic support element or cantilever foil at the end with a small deviation, so that the bearing clearance, pressure distribution, etc. are basically consistent in the axial direction, so that the cantilever type radial Foil bearings have better load-carrying characteristics and ability to handle shocks.
图2是本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承在载荷较小时弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片仅在固定端处线接触状态下的结构示意图。图3是本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承在载荷较大时弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片完全贴合状态下的结构示意图。图4是本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承在载荷增大的情况下弹性支撑元件与悬臂箔片从固定端起逐渐发生接触的过程示意图。如图2、图3、图4所示，本发明所述弹性支撑元件2与对应的悬臂箔片3线接触或面接触，相邻的悬臂箔片3之间分段线接触或面接触，具体为：Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the cantilever radial foil bearing of the present invention under a state where the elastic support element and the cantilever foil are in line contact only at the fixed end when the load is small. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cantilever radial foil bearing in the present invention under a state where the elastic support element and the cantilever foil are fully attached when the load is large. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the process of gradually contacting the elastic support element and the cantilever foil from the fixed end when the load increases in the cantilever type radial foil bearing of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the elastic support element 2 of the present invention is in line contact or surface contact with the corresponding cantilever foil 3, and adjacent cantilever foils 3 are in segmental line contact or surface contact, Specifically:
当所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承空载时，弹性支撑元件2与对应的悬臂箔片3在靠近固定端处线接触、弹性支撑元件2与对应的悬臂箔片3在除固定端外的其它部分不接触，相邻的悬臂箔片3之间在自由搭接处线接触。When the cantilever type radial foil bearing is unloaded, the elastic support element 2 and the corresponding cantilever foil 3 are in line contact near the fixed end, and the elastic support element 2 and the corresponding cantilever foil 3 are in line contact except the fixed end. The other parts are not in contact, and the adjacent cantilever foils 3 are in line contact at free laps.
当所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承载荷时，随着载荷的逐渐增大，依次会分段出现如下情况：When the cantilever-type radial foil bearing is loaded, as the load gradually increases, the following situations will occur sequentially in sections:
当所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承载荷处于第一载荷范围时，弹性支撑元件2与对应的悬臂箔片3在靠近固定端处线接触、弹性支撑元件2与对应的悬臂箔片3在除固定端外的其它部分不接触，相邻的悬臂箔片3之间在其延展搭接处线接触。这时，所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承仅通过悬臂箔片3的形变起承载作用，本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承刚度大小仅由悬臂箔片3的厚度、曲率半径、箔片张角和箔片数目等结构参数决定。When the load of the cantilever type radial foil bearing is in the first load range, the elastic support element 2 and the corresponding cantilever foil 3 are in line contact near the fixed end, and the elastic support element 2 and the corresponding cantilever foil 3 are in line contact except The other parts outside the fixed end are not in contact, and the adjacent cantilever foils 3 are in line contact at their overlapping extensions. At this time, the cantilever radial foil bearing only acts as a bearing through the deformation of the cantilever foil 3, and the stiffness of the cantilever radial foil bearing in the present invention is determined only by the thickness of the cantilever foil 3, radius of curvature, foil Structural parameters such as sheet angle and number of foils are determined.
当所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承载荷处于第二载荷范围时，弹性支撑元件2与对应的悬臂箔片3从固定端开始部分面接触，相邻的悬臂箔片3之间在其延展搭接处部分面接触。这时，较大的载荷使悬臂箔片3发生较大的变形，互相叠加的悬臂箔片3之间发生一定程度的面接触，悬臂箔片3与支撑弹性元件2自固定端起亦逐渐发生一定的面接触，所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承同时通过相邻悬臂箔片3的较小部分形变、弹性支撑元件2的部分形变起承载作用，轴承整体支撑刚度及局部刚度均得到较大的提升。When the load of the cantilever type radial foil bearing is in the second load range, the elastic support element 2 and the corresponding cantilever foil 3 are in partial surface contact from the fixed end, and the adjacent cantilever foils 3 are overlapped by their extension. Partial surface contact at the junction. At this time, the larger load causes a large deformation of the cantilever foil 3, a certain degree of surface contact occurs between the superimposed cantilever foils 3, and the cantilever foil 3 and the supporting elastic element 2 also gradually occur from the fixed end. With a certain surface contact, the cantilever type radial foil bearing simultaneously plays a load-bearing role through the deformation of a small part of the adjacent cantilever foil 3 and the partial deformation of the elastic support element 2, and the overall support stiffness and local stiffness of the bearing are both greater. improvement.
当所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承载荷处于第三载荷范围时，弹性支撑元件2与对应的悬臂箔片3完全贴合，相邻的悬臂箔片3之间在其延展搭接处部分面接触。这时，弹性支撑元件2的完全形变、相邻悬臂箔片3之间的较大部分形变构成的多重非线性刚度特性起弹性支撑作用，弹性支撑元件2与其对应弹性支撑元件2完全贴合所起的支撑作用为多重非线性刚度特性起主要支撑作用。When the load of the cantilever type radial foil bearing is in the third load range, the elastic support element 2 and the corresponding cantilever foil 3 are completely attached, and the adjacent cantilever foils 3 are partly surfaced at the extended overlap. touch. At this time, the complete deformation of the elastic support element 2 and the multiple nonlinear stiffness characteristics formed by the larger part of the deformation between the adjacent cantilever foils 3 play an elastic support role, and the elastic support element 2 and its corresponding elastic support element 2 are completely attached to each other. The supporting role played by the multiple nonlinear stiffness characteristics plays a major supporting role.
本发明中，第一载荷范围、第二载荷范围、第三载荷范围的区间最大值与最小值依次逐渐增大。在不同的工况条件下，第一载荷范围、第二载荷范围、第三载荷范围会有较大的变化，需要根据实际情况具体确定，举例说明如下：In the present invention, the interval maximum value and minimum value of the first load range, the second load range, and the third load range gradually increase sequentially. Under different working conditions, the first load range, the second load range, and the third load range will have large changes, which need to be determined according to the actual situation. Examples are as follows:
当所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承载的参数配置为：悬臂箔片数目为M片，悬臂箔片张角为其中，M为自然数。悬臂箔片与作为弹性支撑元件的两层鼓泡箔片厚度均为0.1毫米，悬臂箔片与作为弹性支撑元件的两层鼓泡箔片的材料均为铍青铜，两层鼓泡箔片的鼓泡高度为0.2毫米；两层鼓泡箔片的鼓泡周向插排、轴向顺排，且轴向采用5行鼓泡、周向采用21列鼓泡。在该工况条件下，第一载荷范围为0N＜T≤5N、第二载荷范围为5N＜T≤20N、第三载荷范围为T＞20N；其中，T为所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承的载荷；其中，N表示力的单位牛顿。When the parameter configuration of the cantilever type radial foil bearing is: the number of cantilever foils is M pieces, and the opening angle of the cantilever foil is Wherein, M is a natural number. The thickness of the cantilever foil and the two layers of bubbling foil as the elastic supporting element are both 0.1 mm, the materials of the cantilever foil and the two layers of bubbling foil as the elastic supporting element are both beryllium bronze, and the thickness of the two layers of bubbling foil is The height of the bubbles is 0.2 mm; the bubbles of the two-layer bubble foil are inserted in the circumferential direction and aligned in the axial direction, and 5 rows of bubbles are used in the axial direction, and 21 rows of bubbles are used in the circumferential direction. Under this working condition, the first load range is 0N<T≤5N, the second load range is 5N<T≤20N, and the third load range is T>20N; wherein, T is the cantilever radial foil The load of the bearing; where, N represents the unit of force Newton.
当所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承载的参数配置为：悬臂箔片数目为4片，悬臂箔片张角为120°；悬臂箔片与作为弹性支撑元件的两层鼓泡箔片厚度均为0.1毫米，悬臂箔片与作为弹性支撑元件的两层鼓泡箔片的材料均为不锈钢，两层鼓泡箔片的鼓泡高度为0.2毫米；两层鼓泡箔片的鼓泡周向插排、轴向顺排，且轴向采用5行鼓泡、周向采用21列鼓泡。在该工况条件下，第一载荷范围为0N＜T≤4N、第二载荷范围为4N＜T≤15N、第三载荷范围为T＞15N。When the parameter configuration carried by the cantilever radial foil bearing is: the number of cantilever foils is 4 pieces, the opening angle of the cantilever foil is 120°; the thickness of the cantilever foil and the two layers of bubbling foil as the elastic support element The material of the cantilever foil and the two-layer bubbling foil as an elastic support element are all stainless steel, and the bubbling height of the two-layer bubbling foil is 0.2 mm; the bubbling circumferential direction of the two-layer bubbling foil Plug-in row, axial alignment, and 5 rows of bubbles in the axial direction, and 21 rows of bubbles in the circumferential direction. Under this working condition, the first load range is 0N<T≤4N, the second load range is 4N<T≤15N, and the third load range is T>15N.
当所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承载的参数配置为：悬臂箔片数目为4片，悬臂箔片张角为120°；悬臂箔片与作为弹性支撑元件的两层鼓泡箔片厚度均为0.15毫米，悬臂箔片与作为弹性支撑元件的两层鼓泡箔片的材料均为铍青铜，两层鼓泡箔片的鼓泡高度为0.2毫米；两层鼓泡箔片的鼓泡周向插排、轴向顺排，且轴向采用5行鼓泡、周向采用21列鼓泡。在该工况条件下，第一载荷范围为0N＜T≤8N、第二载荷范围为8N＜T≤40N、第三载荷范围为T＞40N。When the parameter configuration carried by the cantilever radial foil bearing is: the number of cantilever foils is 4 pieces, the opening angle of the cantilever foil is 120°; the thickness of the cantilever foil and the two layers of bubbling foil as the elastic support element The material of the cantilever foil and the two-layer bubbling foil as the elastic support element are beryllium bronze, and the bubbling height of the two-layer bubbling foil is 0.2mm; the bubbling circumference of the two-layer bubbling foil Plug-in row, axial row, and 5 rows of bubbles in the axial direction, and 21 rows of bubbles in the circumferential direction. Under this working condition, the first load range is 0N<T≤8N, the second load range is 8N<T≤40N, and the third load range is T>40N.
上述不同工况条件的举例，只是实验工况中的部分情况，本发明包含上述工况，但不限于上述工况。The above-mentioned examples of different working conditions are only part of the experimental working conditions, and the present invention includes the above-mentioned working conditions, but is not limited to the above-mentioned working conditions.
本发明中，所述悬臂箔片与所述弹性支撑元件的材质为铍青铜、不锈钢或镍基合金等。实际应用中，可根据实际需要确定所述悬臂箔片与所述弹性支撑元件的材质。In the present invention, the material of the cantilever foil and the elastic supporting element is beryllium bronze, stainless steel or nickel-based alloy. In practical applications, the materials of the cantilever foil and the elastic support element can be determined according to actual needs.
本发明中，悬臂箔片与弹性支撑元件的延展方向与所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承的轴旋转方向相同。In the present invention, the extension direction of the cantilever foil and the elastic support element is the same as the shaft rotation direction of the cantilever radial foil bearing.
本发明中，弹性支撑元件2为多层鼓泡箔片或波箔，且多层鼓泡箔片的厚度为大于或等于0.05毫米，多层鼓泡箔片的鼓泡高度大于或等于0.15毫米。图5(a)是等高弹性支撑元件的结构示意图。图5(b)是变高弹性支撑元件的结构示意图。如图5(a)、图5(b)所示，本发明中，从弹性支撑元件2的固定端到自由端，弹性支撑元件2的高度相等；或者，从弹性支撑元件2的固定端到自由端，弹性支撑元件2的高度为由低到高。In the present invention, the elastic supporting element 2 is a multi-layer bubbling foil or corrugated foil, and the thickness of the multi-layer bubbling foil is greater than or equal to 0.05 mm, and the bubbling height of the multi-layer bubbling foil is greater than or equal to 0.15 mm . Fig. 5(a) is a schematic structural view of the equal-height elastic support element. Fig. 5(b) is a schematic structural view of the variable-height elastic support element. As shown in Fig. 5 (a), Fig. 5 (b), in the present invention, from the fixed end of elastic support element 2 to free end, the height of elastic support element 2 is equal; Or, from the fixed end of elastic support element 2 to At the free end, the height of the elastic support element 2 is from low to high.
实际应用中，本发明中所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承还可通过改变弹性支撑元件2的结构特性，优化轴承内楔形间隙，以提高轴承的承载力、保证轴承在大冲击载荷下具有更好的稳定性和抗冲击性、缓解传统悬臂型径向箔片轴承在重载和冲击载荷下的箔片磨损问题。当采用波箔作为弹性支撑元件时，可改变的结构参数包括波箔厚度、波拱半径、单位长度上的波拱数量、波拱角度等；当采用多层鼓泡箔片为弹性支撑元件时，可改变的结构参数包括鼓泡箔片厚度、鼓泡箔片层数、单位面积上鼓泡数量、鼓泡插排或顺排的布置方式、鼓泡的形状、鼓泡的高度等。In practical applications, the cantilever type radial foil bearing described in the present invention can also optimize the wedge-shaped gap in the bearing by changing the structural characteristics of the elastic support element 2, so as to improve the bearing capacity of the bearing and ensure that the bearing has a better performance under a large impact load. Good stability and impact resistance, alleviating the foil wear problem of traditional cantilever type radial foil bearings under heavy load and impact load. When the corrugated foil is used as the elastic support element, the structural parameters that can be changed include the thickness of the corrugated foil, the radius of the corrugated arch, the number of corrugated arches per unit length, the angle of the corrugated arch, etc.; when the multi-layer bubbling foil is used as the elastic support element The structural parameters that can be changed include the thickness of the bubble foil, the number of layers of the bubble foil, the number of bubbles per unit area, the arrangement of the bubbles in rows or rows, the shape of the bubbles, and the height of the bubbles.
本发明中，悬臂箔片3与弹性支撑元件2的材质为铍青铜、镍基合金或不锈钢，悬臂箔片3的厚度为0.05毫米。实际应用中，可根据实际需要确定悬臂箔片与弹性支撑元件的材质。In the present invention, the material of the cantilever foil 3 and the elastic supporting element 2 is beryllium bronze, nickel-based alloy or stainless steel, and the thickness of the cantilever foil 3 is 0.05 mm. In practical applications, the materials of the cantilever foil and the elastic support element can be determined according to actual needs.
本发明中，悬臂箔片3的数目为4个，悬臂箔片3的张角为120°。In the present invention, the number of cantilever foils 3 is four, and the opening angle of the cantilever foils 3 is 120°.
实际应用中，不同卡槽对应的弹性支撑元件可采用不同结构参数，控制大载荷下所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承的刚度，进一步优化轴承内楔形间隙而使承载区域增大，进一步提高轴承的承载力。另外，本发明中每个卡槽还可以对应多个弹性支撑元件，通过控制弹性支撑元件的刚度分布使轴承的结构刚度沿轴向具有两端刚度小而中间刚度大的特性，进一步提高轴承的承载力。两端刚度小而中间刚度大的特性可通过如下方式实现：当弹性支撑元件采用波箔时，波箔在轴向上的中间片可采用厚度较大的箔片或单位长度上的波拱具有更多的数目等方式；当弹性支撑元件采用多层鼓泡箔片时，鼓泡箔片中轴向上的中间区域可采用比两端区域布置更多的鼓泡、不同的鼓泡形状或者中间区域的箔片厚度更大等方式。In practical applications, the elastic support elements corresponding to different card slots can adopt different structural parameters to control the stiffness of the cantilever radial foil bearing under heavy load, further optimize the wedge-shaped clearance in the bearing to increase the load-bearing area, and further improve the bearing capacity. carrying capacity. In addition, each card slot in the present invention can also correspond to multiple elastic support elements. By controlling the stiffness distribution of the elastic support elements, the structural stiffness of the bearing has the characteristics of small rigidity at both ends and high rigidity in the middle in the axial direction, further improving the rigidity of the bearing. carrying capacity. The characteristics of small rigidity at both ends and high rigidity in the middle can be achieved in the following way: when the elastic support element adopts a corrugated foil, the middle piece of the corrugated foil in the axial direction can use a thicker foil or a corrugated arch per unit length with More numbers, etc.; when the elastic support element adopts a multi-layer bubble foil, the middle area of the bubble foil in the axial direction can adopt more bubbles than the two end areas, different bubble shapes or The thickness of the foil in the middle area is greater etc.
通过实验发现，采用双层鼓泡箔片作为弹性支撑元件，轴直径为25毫米的所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承在转速80千转/分钟、载荷15N的情况下，其主频振幅仅为相同参数下传统悬臂型径向箔片轴承的三分之一左右。这说明本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承具有更好的耗散涡动能量、保持主轴稳定运行的能力。同时，在80千转/分钟80krpm转速下，本发明所述悬臂型径向箔片轴承测得的极限承载力比相同参数下传统悬臂型径向箔片轴承提高约30％。It has been found through experiments that the cantilever type radial foil bearing with a shaft diameter of 25 mm using a double-layer bubbling foil as the elastic support element has a main frequency amplitude of only It is about one-third of the traditional cantilever type radial foil bearing under the same parameters. This shows that the cantilever type radial foil bearing of the present invention has better ability to dissipate whirl energy and keep the main shaft running stably. At the same time, at a rotational speed of 80krpm and 80krpm, the measured ultimate bearing capacity of the cantilever radial foil bearing of the present invention is about 30% higher than that of the traditional cantilever radial foil bearing with the same parameters.
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。To sum up, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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