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CN109243547B - A Quantitative Evaluation Method for Demand Response Potential of Air Conditioning Load Group - Google Patents

A Quantitative Evaluation Method for Demand Response Potential of Air Conditioning Load Group Download PDF

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CN109243547B
CN109243547B CN201810743764.8A CN201810743764A CN109243547B CN 109243547 B CN109243547 B CN 109243547B CN 201810743764 A CN201810743764 A CN 201810743764A CN 109243547 B CN109243547 B CN 109243547B
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conditioning load
demand response
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CN109243547A (en
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陈星莺
王纪祥
李瑶虹
杨斌
任禹丞
谢俊
余昆
纪历
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State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Hohai University HHU
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Hohai University HHU
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Abstract

The invention discloses a quantitative evaluation method for demand response potential of an air conditioner load group, which is used for calculating the demand response potential of the air conditioner load from two angles of demand response quantity and demand response duration, establishing a polymerization model of the air conditioner load group and quantitatively evaluating the demand response potential of the air conditioner load group. The method can accurately and quantitatively evaluate the demand response quantity, the demand response duration and the indoor average temperature change quantity of the air conditioning load group, and provides data support for the control strategy of the air conditioning load participating in the demand response.

Description

Quantitative evaluation method for demand response potential of air conditioner load group
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quantitative evaluation method for demand response potential of an air conditioner load group, and belongs to the technical field of evaluation of demand response potential of a power system.
Background
With the development and improvement of the power market, the interest bodies of the power system are diversified step by step, and the demand-side resources are recognized again in the competitive market. Demand response is introduced in power market competition, and the power utilization mode used by a user is changed through price signals or excitation signals, so that the effect of a demand side in the market is increased. Demand responses may provide benefits to multi-party grid operating participants, including: the power utilization cost of a user is reduced, the speed of newly adding installed capacity is slowed down, the power generation and admission capacity of renewable energy sources is increased, the power transmission and distribution cost is reduced, the emergency capacity of a power system is improved, the operation flexibility of the power system is improved, and the like.
The building to which the air conditioning load belongs has heat storage capacity, and the influence of adjusting the running state within several minutes to tens of minutes on the comfort level of a user is small, and the air conditioning load is regarded as an important demand response resource. The demand response potential of the air conditioner load group is influenced by the temperature demand of a user and the external environment, and the indoor temperature change of the air conditioner load is closely related to the operation power of the air conditioner load group, so that the comfort level of the user needs to be considered, the demand response potential of the air conditioner load needs to be evaluated by combining the demand response duration, and particularly, the relation among the demand response quantity of the air conditioner load group, the demand response duration and the indoor average temperature change quantity needs to be evaluated quantitatively.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a quantitative evaluation method for demand response potential of an air conditioning load group, which quantitatively evaluates the relationship among demand response quantity of the air conditioning load group, demand response duration and indoor average temperature change quantity.
The technical scheme is as follows: the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a quantitative evaluation method for demand response potential of an air conditioner load group, which comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a single air conditioner load operation model according to the historical operation data of the air conditioner load, the indoor and outdoor temperature environment and the air conditioner equipment parameters, and determining the parameters of the single air conditioner load operation model;
2) clustering and grouping the air conditioner loads by using a K-means clustering algorithm according to the geographical positions and the operation parameters of the air conditioner loads;
3) according to the heat energy storage characteristics of the building and a single air conditioner load operation model, each air conditioner load group is equivalent to a polymerization air conditioner, and a polymerization power model of the air conditioner load group is established;
4) calculating the demand response potential of each air conditioning load group according to the weather condition in the demand response process and the demand of the user on the indoor temperature;
5) and calculating the overall demand response potential of all air conditioner loads.
The step 1) establishes an air conditioner load thermodynamic equivalent thermal parameter model by collecting historical operating data parameters of each air conditioner load, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0002944289160000021
wherein i is the air conditioner load serial number; t isi(t) represents the air conditioning load temperature at time t; t iso(t) represents the external ambient temperature at time t; u. ofi(t) is equal to {0,1} and represents the air conditioning load operation state, ui(t) 1 denotes on, ui(t) ═ 0 denotes off; riIs equivalent thermal resistance; ciIs equivalent heat capacity; qiRated power for the air conditioner; etaiThe air conditioner energy efficiency ratio is obtained; delta t is a control step length; e is a natural base constant.
The step 2) further comprises the following steps:
i) according to the geographical position of the air conditioner load, performing first-step grouping on the air conditioner load;
and ii) further clustering and grouping by using a K-means algorithm according to the air conditioner load equivalent thermal resistance, the equivalent thermal capacity and the air conditioner load energy efficiency ratio in each group.
The step 3) comprises the following steps:
i) calculating the equivalent heat capacity C of the aggregated air conditionereq
Figure GDA0002944289160000022
Wherein, CiThe equivalent heat capacity of the air-conditioning load i, and N is the number of the air-conditioning loads in the aggregation group;
ii) calculating the equivalent thermal resistance R of the polymerization air conditionereq
Figure GDA0002944289160000023
Wherein R isiEquivalent thermal resistance of air conditioning load i; n is the number of air conditioner loads in the aggregation group;
iii) calculating the aggregated air-conditioning energy efficiency ratio etaeq
Figure GDA0002944289160000031
Wherein eta isiThe energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioning load i; n is the number of air conditioner loads in the aggregation group;
iv) calculating the average temperature of the polymerization air-conditioning room
Figure GDA0002944289160000032
Wherein, Tin,iIndoor temperature which is air conditioning load i; t isset,iIs the set temperature of the air conditioning load i; n is the number of air conditioner loads in the aggregation group;
v) establishing an air conditioner load aggregation power model
Figure GDA0002944289160000033
Wherein P istotal(T) is the air conditioning load aggregate power, To(t) is the external ambient temperature at time t;
vi) aggregating relation model of average temperature and aggregation power in air conditioner room
Figure GDA0002944289160000034
Figure GDA0002944289160000035
Wherein R isiEquivalent thermal resistance of air conditioning load i; and N is the number of air conditioning loads in the aggregation group.
The step 4) comprises the following steps:
i) when the aggregate air conditioner load reduction is determined, the relationship between the demand response duration and the indoor temperature change is
Figure GDA0002944289160000036
Wherein, ttransA demand response duration; preduceReducing the load of the air conditioner for polymerization; t is1，T2The average indoor temperature of the air conditioning unit before and after response is respectively;
ii) aggregating the relationship between the air conditioning load reduction and the indoor temperature variation when the demand response duration is determined as
Figure GDA0002944289160000041
Wherein:
Figure GDA0002944289160000042
respectively representing an average indoor temperature of T1，T2The air conditioning load of the time aggregates power.
The step 5) further comprises the following steps:
i) acquiring demand response potentials of all air conditioner aggregation groups;
and ii) carrying out accumulation summation according to the demand response duration and the load reduction of each air conditioner aggregation group to obtain the relation between the whole demand response time and the load reduction of all air conditioner loads.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, through the air conditioner load aggregate power model and the analysis of the indoor temperature requirement by the user, the relation among the requirement response quantity, the requirement response duration and the indoor average temperature change quantity of the air conditioner load group in different external environments can be evaluated. The method has the following advantages:
(1) the method is applicable to various air conditioner load types, including: fixed frequency air conditioner, frequency conversion air conditioner, central air conditioner, heat pump for regulating indoor temperature of user, etc.
(2) The method considers the diversity of the indoor temperature requirements of the users, is suitable for the indoor temperature requirements of different users, and considers the comfort of different users.
(3) The method can accurately and quantitatively evaluate the demand response quantity, the demand response duration and the indoor average temperature change quantity of the air conditioning load group, and provides data support for the control strategy of the air conditioning load participating in the demand response.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit model diagram of equivalent thermal parameters of a single air conditioner;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent thermal parameter circuit model of an air conditioning load set;
FIG. 3 is a line graph of the actual value of the aggregate power of the air conditioning load and the estimated value thereof in the calculation example;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the air conditioner load aggregate power estimation error and its distribution line in the example;
fig. 5 is a three-dimensional graph of the relationship among the demand response amount, the demand response duration, and the indoor average temperature rise amount 3 in the calculation example.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, which are to be understood as illustrative only and not as limiting the scope of the invention, which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalent modifications thereof which may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present specification.
As shown in fig. 1, a single air conditioner is equivalent to a 1-step equivalent thermal parameter model, in which heat storage of a room is equivalent to capacitance, and insulation of a building is equivalent to resistance.
And the air-conditioning load group composed of a plurality of air conditioners is shown in fig. 2, a plurality of air conditioners are aggregated and equivalent to an air-conditioning load model, and the heat storage characteristics and the heat insulation characteristics of the outer walls of a plurality of rooms are respectively equivalent to capacitors and resistors connected in parallel.
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) and establishing a single air conditioner load operation model according to the historical air conditioner load operation data, the indoor and outdoor temperature environment and the air conditioner equipment parameters, and determining the single air conditioner load operation model parameters.
The method comprises the following steps of establishing an air conditioner load thermodynamic equivalent thermal parameter model by collecting historical operating data parameters of each air conditioner load, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0002944289160000051
wherein i is the air conditioner load serial number; t isi(t) represents the air conditioning load temperature at time t; t iso(t) represents the external ambient temperature at time t; u. ofi(t) is equal to {0,1} and represents the air conditioning load operation state, ui(t) 1 denotes on, ui(t) ═ 0 denotes off; riIs equivalent thermal resistance; ciIs equivalent heat capacity; qiRated power for the air conditioner; etaiThe air conditioner energy efficiency ratio is obtained; delta t is a control step length; e is a natural base constant.
2) According to the geographical position and the operation parameters of the air conditioner load, clustering and grouping the air conditioner load by using a K-means clustering algorithm, which specifically comprises the following steps:
i) and performing first-step grouping on the air conditioning loads according to the geographical positions of the air conditioning loads.
And ii) further clustering and grouping by using a K-means algorithm according to the air conditioner load equivalent thermal resistance, the equivalent thermal capacity and the air conditioner load energy efficiency ratio in each group.
3) According to the heat energy storage characteristics of the building and a single air conditioner load operation model, each air conditioner load group is equivalent to a polymerization air conditioner, and a polymerization model of the air conditioner load group is established, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
i) calculating the equivalent heat capacity C of the aggregated air conditionereq
Figure GDA0002944289160000052
Wherein, CiIs the equivalent heat capacity of the air-conditioning load i; and N is the number of air conditioning loads in the aggregation group.
ii) calculating the equivalent thermal resistance R of the polymerization air conditionereq
Figure GDA0002944289160000061
Wherein R isiEquivalent thermal resistance of air conditioning load i; and N is the number of air conditioning loads in the aggregation group.
iii) calculating the aggregated air-conditioning energy efficiency ratio etaeq
Figure GDA0002944289160000062
Wherein eta isiThe energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioning load i; and N is the number of air conditioning loads in the aggregation group.
iv) calculating the average temperature of the polymerization air-conditioning room
Figure GDA0002944289160000063
Wherein, Tin,iIndoor temperature which is air conditioning load i; t isset,iIs the set temperature of the air conditioning load i; and N is the number of air conditioning loads in the aggregation group.
v) establishing an air conditioner load aggregation power model
Figure GDA0002944289160000064
Wherein P istotal(T) is the air conditioning load aggregate power, To(t) is the external ambient temperature at time t,
vi) aggregating relation model of average temperature and aggregation power in air conditioner room
Figure GDA0002944289160000065
Figure GDA0002944289160000066
Wherein R isiEquivalent thermal resistance of air conditioning load i; and N is the number of air conditioning loads in the aggregation group.
4) According to the weather condition in the demand response process and the demand of the user for the indoor temperature, calculating the demand response potential of each air conditioning load group, and specifically comprising the following steps:
i) when the aggregate air conditioner load reduction is determined, the relationship between the demand response duration and the indoor temperature change is
Figure GDA0002944289160000071
Wherein, ttransA demand response duration; preduceReducing the load of the air conditioner for polymerization; t is1，T2The average indoor temperature of the air conditioning set before and after response is respectively.
ii) aggregating the relationship between the air conditioning load reduction and the indoor temperature variation when the demand response duration is determined as
Figure GDA0002944289160000072
Wherein:
Figure GDA0002944289160000073
respectively representing an average indoor temperature of T1，T2The air conditioning load of the time aggregates power.
5) Calculating the whole demand response potential of all air conditioner loads, specifically:
i) and acquiring the demand response potential of all air conditioner aggregation groups.
And ii) carrying out accumulation summation according to the demand response duration and the load reduction of each air conditioner aggregation group to obtain the relation between the whole demand response time and the load reduction of all air conditioner loads.
Calculation example:
and 10000 air-conditioning loads which can participate in demand response and are owned in a certain area are used for potential quantitative evaluation.
Firstly, the value ranges of specific parameters calculated through the historical operating data of the air conditioner load are as follows:
Figure GDA0002944289160000074
and then, according to the geographical position and the operation parameters of the air conditioner load, clustering and grouping the air conditioner load by using a K-means clustering algorithm.
And then, according to the heat energy storage characteristics of the building and a single air-conditioning load operation model, each air-conditioning load group is equivalent to a polymerization air conditioner, and a polymerization power model of the air-conditioning load group is established. The aggregate power estimate is shown in fig. 3, with the error in the estimate shown in fig. 4.
And then, according to the heat energy storage characteristics of the building and the single air-conditioning load operation model, each air-conditioning load group is equivalent to an aggregated air conditioner, and an aggregated power model of the air-conditioning load group is established.
And finally, calculating the whole demand response potential of all air conditioner loads. The air conditioning load demand response potential calculated by the method is shown in fig. 5.

Claims (5)

1.一种空调负荷群需求响应潜力定量评估方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. A method for quantitatively evaluating the demand response potential of an air-conditioning load group, comprising the following steps: 1)根据空调负荷历史运行数据、室内外温度环境及空调设备参数，建立单个空调负荷运行模型，确定单个空调负荷运行模型参数；1) According to the historical operation data of air-conditioning load, indoor and outdoor temperature environment and air-conditioning equipment parameters, establish a single air-conditioning load operation model, and determine the single air-conditioning load operation model parameters; 2)根据空调负荷地理位置及其运行参数，运用K-means聚类算法对空调负荷进行聚类分组；2) According to the geographical location of the air-conditioning load and its operating parameters, the K-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster and group the air-conditioning load; 3)根据建筑物热储能特性以及单个空调负荷运行模型，将各空调负荷组等效成一个聚合空调，建立空调负荷组的聚合功率模型；3) According to the thermal energy storage characteristics of the building and the operation model of a single air-conditioning load, each air-conditioning load group is equivalent to an aggregated air conditioner, and the aggregated power model of the air-conditioning load group is established; 4)根据需求响应过程中天气情况以及用户对室内温度的需求，计算各个空调负荷组需求响应潜力，包括如下步骤：4) Calculate the demand response potential of each air-conditioning load group according to the weather conditions and the user's demand for indoor temperature during the demand response process, including the following steps: i)聚合空调负荷削减量确定时，需求响应持续时间与室内温度变化关系为i) When the aggregate air conditioning load reduction amount is determined, the relationship between the demand response duration and the indoor temperature change is:
Figure FDA0002992420890000011
Figure FDA0002992420890000011
 其中，ttrans为需求响应持续时间；Preduce为聚合空调负荷削减量；T1，T2分别为响应前后的空调组室内平均温度；Req为聚合空调等效热阻，Ceq为聚合空调等效热容，ηeq为聚合空调能效比；Among them, t trans is the demand response duration; P reduce is the load reduction amount of the aggregated air conditioner; T 1 and T 2 are the average indoor temperature of the air conditioner group before and after the response, respectively; Re eq is the equivalent thermal resistance of the aggregate air conditioner, and C eq is the aggregate air conditioner. Equivalent heat capacity, ηeq is the energy efficiency ratio of aggregated air conditioners; ii)需求响应持续时间确定时，聚合空调负荷削减量与室内温度变化关系为ii) When the demand response duration is determined, the relationship between aggregate air conditioning load reduction and indoor temperature change is:
Figure FDA0002992420890000012
Figure FDA0002992420890000012
 其中：
Figure FDA0002992420890000013
分别表示室内平均温度为T1，T2时的空调负荷聚合功率；To为外部环境温度，in:
Figure FDA0002992420890000013
are the aggregated power of air-conditioning load when the average indoor temperature is T 1 and T 2 respectively; T o is the external ambient temperature, 5)计算所有空调负荷整体需求响应潜力。5) Calculate the overall demand response potential for all air conditioning loads. 2.根据权利要求1所述的空调负荷群需求响应潜力定量评估方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1)通过收集各个空调负荷历史运行数据参数，建立空调负荷热力学等效热参数模型，具体如下：2. The method for quantitatively evaluating the demand response potential of an air-conditioning load group according to claim 1, wherein the step 1) establishes an air-conditioning load thermodynamic equivalent thermal parameter model by collecting the historical operation data parameters of each air-conditioning load, the details are as follows :
Figure FDA0002992420890000021
Figure FDA0002992420890000021
 其中，i为空调负荷序号；Ti(t)表示t时刻空调负荷温度；To(t)表示t时刻外部环境温度；ui(t)∈{0,1}表示空调负荷运行状态，ui(t)＝1表示开启，ui(t)＝0表示关闭；Ri为等效热阻；Ci为等效热容；Qi为空调额定功率；ηi为空调能效比；Δt为控制步长；e为自然底常数。Among them, i is the serial number of the air-conditioning load; T i (t) represents the temperature of the air-conditioning load at time t; T o (t) represents the external ambient temperature at time t; u i (t)∈{0,1} represents the operating state of the air-conditioning load, u i (t)=1 means open, u i (t)=0 means close; R i is the equivalent thermal resistance; C i is the equivalent heat capacity; Q i is the rated power of the air conditioner; η i is the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner; Δt is the control step size; e is the natural base constant. 3.根据权利要求1所述的空调负荷群需求响应潜力定量评估方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)还包括以下步骤：3. The method for quantitative assessment of air-conditioning load group demand response potential according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) further comprises the following steps: i)根据空调负荷所属地理位置，对空调负荷进行第一步分组；i) According to the geographical location of the air-conditioning load, the first step is to group the air-conditioning load; ii)根据各组内的空调负荷等效热阻、等效热容及空调负荷能效比，运用K-means算法进行进一步聚类分组。ii) According to the air-conditioning load equivalent thermal resistance, equivalent heat capacity and air-conditioning load energy efficiency ratio in each group, the K-means algorithm is used for further clustering and grouping. 4.根据权利要求1所述的空调负荷群需求响应潜力定量评估方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3)包括：4. The method for quantitatively evaluating the demand response potential of an air-conditioning load group according to claim 1, wherein the step 3) comprises: i)计算聚合空调等效热容Ceq i) Calculate the equivalent heat capacity C eq of polymeric air conditioners
Figure FDA0002992420890000022
Figure FDA0002992420890000022
 其中，Ci为空调负荷i的等效热容，N为聚合组内的空调负荷数量；Among them, C i is the equivalent heat capacity of air-conditioning load i, and N is the number of air-conditioning loads in the aggregation group; ii)计算聚合空调等效热阻Req ii) Calculate the equivalent thermal resistance R eq of polymeric air conditioners
Figure FDA0002992420890000023
Figure FDA0002992420890000023
 其中，Ri为空调负荷i的等效热阻；N为聚合组内的空调负荷数量；Among them, R i is the equivalent thermal resistance of air-conditioning load i; N is the number of air-conditioning loads in the aggregation group; iii)计算聚合空调能效比ηeq iii) Calculate the energy efficiency ratio ηeq of aggregated air conditioners
Figure FDA0002992420890000024
Figure FDA0002992420890000024
 其中，ηi为空调负荷i的能效比；N为聚合组内的空调负荷数量；Among them, η i is the energy efficiency ratio of air-conditioning load i; N is the number of air-conditioning loads in the aggregation group; iv)计算聚合空调室内平均温度iv) Calculate the average indoor temperature of aggregated air conditioners
Figure FDA0002992420890000031
Figure FDA0002992420890000031
 其中，Tin,i为空调负荷i的室内温度；Tset,i为空调负荷i的设定温度；N为聚合组内的空调负荷数量；Among them, T in,i is the indoor temperature of air-conditioning load i; T set,i is the set temperature of air-conditioning load i; N is the number of air-conditioning loads in the aggregation group; v)建立空调负荷聚合功率模型v) Establish an air conditioning load aggregate power model
Figure FDA0002992420890000032
Figure FDA0002992420890000032
 其中Ptotal(t)为空调负荷聚合功率，To(t)为t时刻外部环境温度；where P total (t) is the aggregated power of the air-conditioning load, and T o (t) is the external ambient temperature at time t; vi)聚合空调室内平均温度与聚合功率关系模型vi) The model of the relationship between the average indoor temperature of the aggregated air conditioner and the aggregated power
Figure FDA0002992420890000033
Figure FDA0002992420890000033
Figure FDA0002992420890000034
Figure FDA0002992420890000034
 其中，Ri为空调负荷i的等效热阻；N为聚合组内的空调负荷数量。Among them, R i is the equivalent thermal resistance of air-conditioning load i; N is the number of air-conditioning loads in the aggregated group. 5.根据权利要求1所述的空调负荷群需求响应潜力定量评估方法，其特征在于，所述步骤5)还包括：5. The method for quantitatively evaluating the demand response potential of an air-conditioning load group according to claim 1, wherein the step 5) further comprises: i)获取所有空调聚合组需求响应潜力；i) Obtain the demand response potential of all air-conditioning aggregation groups; ii)根据各空调聚合组的需求响持续时间和负荷削减量，进行累加求和，得到所有空调负荷整体需求响应时间和负荷削减量的关系。ii) According to the demand response duration and load reduction amount of each air-conditioning aggregation group, carry out cumulative summation to obtain the relationship between the overall demand response time and load reduction amount of all air-conditioning loads.
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