CN109281661B - Quantitative evaluation method and device for double-laterolog - Google Patents
Quantitative evaluation method and device for double-laterolog Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for quantitatively evaluating the dual-laterolog are disclosed. The method comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a cave model to simulate the real environment of a shaft double-direction logging instrument; 2) performing double-lateral numerical simulation calculation on the cave stratum to obtain a double-lateral logging response rule of the cave stratum; 3) establishing a cave filling resistivity calculation model based on the response rule obtained in the step 2), and calculating cave filling resistivity values of different filling degrees; 4) establishing a calculation model of the cavern filling degree, and calculating the cavern filling degree by combining the actual double-lateral logging information and the resistivity value calculated in the step 3). The quantitative relation between the bilateral direction and different filling degrees of the cave is analyzed, the filling degree calculation models of different cave filling material types are established based on the quantitative relation, the theoretical basis is strong, the operation is simple, the precision is high, the quantitative evaluation method can be used for quantitatively evaluating the filling degree of the cave type reservoir, and the practicability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum and geology, in particular to a method and a device for quantitatively evaluating double-laterolog.
Background
In the exploration of oil and gas resources, a carbonate fracture-cave reservoir occupies an important position, and the cave-type carbonate reservoir is an important storage type of the carbonate reservoir. Practice proves that the reservoir layer is an important guarantee for the yield stabilization and the yield increase of the carbonate oil and gas reservoir, and the identification and the logging evaluation of the reservoir layer are particularly important.
The fracture-cavity carbonate rock has strong heterogeneity due to development of underground cavities caused by karst effect, and the knowledge of well logging response mechanism is not clear due to complex and variable filling material types and fluid properties in the cavities. At present, the logging evaluation of the cavernous reservoir is still based on qualitative evaluation. The cave and the huge difference of the rock physical properties of the filling materials in the cave and the surrounding rocks have obvious response characteristics on a logging curve. The method comprises the steps of fan politics (fan politics, laujian hua, zhangwei peak, tahe oil field Ordovician carbonate rock reservoir logging identification and evaluation [ J ] oil and natural gas geology [ 2008(01):61-65.), laujian hua (laujian hua, irisquinone Min, zhangwei, and the like), evaluation practice of effectiveness logging of tahe oil field carbonate rock reservoir and thinking [ J ] oil and natural gas geology [ 2014(06): 950. 958.), Jingjian (Jingjian, Meizhou, Li boat wave. tahe oil field carbonate rock fracture-cave type reservoir logging identification and evaluation method research [ J ] geophysics progress [ 2003(02): 336. 341 ]), different reservoir response characteristics are counted, and the unfilled cave has obvious emptying in the drilling process and has serious mud leakage and well diameter expansion phenomena. On a conventional logging curve, the value of the natural gamma curve of the type is slightly increased or kept unchanged (generally smaller than 15API) compared with that of upper and lower surrounding rocks, the well diameter curve is obviously increased, the logging value of deep and shallow bilateral resistivity is lower, generally smaller than 200 ohm. The density logging curve value is generally greatly reduced compared with that of upper and lower surrounding rocks, the acoustic time difference logging value is represented by high time difference which is generally larger than 50 mu s/ft, some are even larger than 100 mu s/ft, and the neutron porosity value is also represented by high value which is generally more than 3%. The sand-shale full-filling cave is similar to the conventional sand-shale profile response, and is characterized by taking the high abnormality of natural gamma as an obvious characteristic, and the gamma logging value is usually in an inverted arch shape at a karst cave, the value is about 30-135 API, but the hole expansion phenomenon is not obvious generally, and the three-porosity logging curve has obvious fluctuation; the electrical characteristics of the sand-mud filled cavities are between the two characteristics, and the phenomenon of hole diameter enlargement to a certain degree is also shown.
Denting (Dengting, Zhao Jun, Dingyi round ancient area cave type reservoir logging response characteristic analysis [ J ] foreign logging technology [ 2010(6):46-48,58.) analyzes the round ancient area cave type reservoir logging response characteristic, counts the response range of the conventional logging curve with different filling degrees, and achieves the purpose of semi-quantitative evaluation of the cave filling degree; well logging evaluation of filling degree of carbonate cavern type reservoirs in ancient regions of Zhao army (Zhao army, Xiao bearing, Yu Bing, and the like) [ J ] Petroleum institute (2011 (04): 605-; the response characteristics of caves with different filling degrees and different fillings on a conventional logging curve, an electrical imaging and an array sound wave image are analyzed for Tarim carbonate rocks, the cave filling degrees are quantitatively identified by a uranium-free gamma and density intersection image method, and the cave filling degrees are divided into unfilled, half-filled and full-filled. The method comprises the steps of establishing a quantitative evaluation method of the cave filling degree by simulating the sound wave numerical value of the Zhao army (Zhao army, Li Zongjie, Yu soldier, and the like; J; application foundation and engineering science, 2013(06):1070 and 1077.); conventional well logging characterization of filling properties of carbonate cavern type reservoir in Tahe oil field [ J ] geophysical progress 2015(03): 1264-.
Comprehensively analyzing the prior results of predecessors, and aiming at the evaluation of the cave filling degree, mainly counting response characteristics of different logging curves in a research area, summarizing the cave response rules of the area, and establishing a corresponding chart, wherein the qualitative evaluation is taken as the main point; a few achievements can achieve the purpose of quantitative evaluation, but the evaluation does not consider the type of the cave filling materials, and the influence on the logging curve cannot be ignored due to the large difference of the physical properties of different filling materials; along with the exploration and development of a large amount of cavernous carbonate rocks, the evaluation requirement on the cavernous filling degree is higher and higher. Because the theoretical research on the cave-type reservoir logging response mechanism is still in a searching stage at present, particularly the evaluation on the cave filling degree of the cave-type reservoir, the logging evaluation level of the cave-type reservoir cannot meet the requirement of on-site production, and further the evaluation and the development in the later stage of the oil and gas reservoir are adversely affected. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method and apparatus for quantitatively evaluating the cavity filling degree.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
With the exploration and development of a large amount of cavernous carbonate rocks, the evaluation requirement on the cavernous filling degree is higher and higher. The invention provides a method and a device for conveniently and quantitatively evaluating the cave filling degree on site by simulating the response value of the electrical logging of the cave type reservoir, in particular to quantitatively simulating the cave filling degree of the cave type reservoir.
According to one aspect of the invention, a dual laterolog quantitative evaluation method is provided. The method comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a cave model to simulate the real environment of a shaft double-direction logging instrument;
2) performing double-lateral numerical simulation calculation on the cave stratum to obtain a double-lateral logging response rule of the cave stratum;
3) establishing a cave filling resistivity calculation model based on the response rule obtained in the step 2), and calculating cave filling resistivity values of different filling degrees;
4) establishing a calculation model of the cavern filling degree, and calculating the cavern filling degree by combining the actual double-lateral logging information and the resistivity value calculated in the step 3).
Preferably, step 2) includes performing bi-lateral numerical simulation calculations of the cavernous formation at different cavern sizes, different fill types, and different fill levels.
Preferably, the calculation model of the resistivity of the cavern filling established in the step 3) is as follows:
RLLD-RLLS＝m1+n1·p1 RTD+(m2+n2·p2 RTD)·X+(m3+n3·p3 RTD)·X2+(m4+n4·p4 RTD)·X3
(1)
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral resistivity, RLLSShallow lateral resistivity, RTD cavern fill resistivity, X cavern radius, m1、m2、m3、m4、n1、n2、n3、n4、p1、p2、p3、p4Is a coefficient related to the resistance of the filler.
Preferably, the calculation model of the cavern filling degree is:
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral apparent resistivity, RwqIs unfilled resistivity, RqqIs the full pack resistivity.
Preferably, the cavern model comprises a formation, a wellbore, and a cavern through which the wellbore passes, the cavern having a fill therein.
Preferably, the filling comprises mud, sand, ash.
According to another aspect of the invention, a dual laterolog quantitative evaluation device is provided. The apparatus comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program performs the steps of:
1) establishing a cave model to simulate the real environment of a shaft double-direction logging instrument;
2) performing double-lateral numerical simulation calculation on the cave stratum to obtain a double-lateral logging response rule of the cave stratum;
3) establishing a cave filling resistivity calculation model based on the response rule obtained in the step 2), and calculating cave filling resistivity values of different filling degrees;
4) establishing a calculation model of the cavern filling degree, and calculating the cavern filling degree by combining the actual double-lateral logging information and the resistivity value calculated in the step 3).
Preferably, step 2) includes performing bi-lateral numerical simulation calculations of the cavernous formation at different cavern sizes, different fill types, and different fill levels.
Preferably, the calculation model of the resistivity of the cavern filling established in the step 3) is as follows:
RLLD-RLLS＝m1+n1·p1 RTD+(m2+n2·p2 RTD)·X+(m3+n3·p3 RTD)·X2+(m4+n4·p4 RTD)·X3
(1)
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral resistivity, RLLSShallow lateral resistivity, RTD cavern fill resistivity, X cavern radius, m1、m2、m3、m4、n1、n2、n3、n4、p1、p2、p3、p4Is a coefficient related to the resistance of the filler.
Preferably, the calculation model of the cavern filling degree is:
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral apparent resistivity, RwqIs unfilled resistivity, RqqIs the full pack resistivity.
According to the method and the device for quantitatively evaluating the double-laterolog, the quantitative relation between double laterolog and different cave filling degrees is analyzed through numerical simulation of the electric field of the open hole shaft, and the filling degree calculation models of different cave filling types are established based on the quantitative relation.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a dual laterolog quantitative evaluation method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cavern model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of different cavity sizes, different cavity fill types, and deep lateral log response;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of different cavity sizes, different cavity fill types, and shallow laterolog response;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of dual laterolog responses for different fill levels;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the results of an example quantitative evaluation of the filling degree by dual laterolog.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
According to the invention, through numerical simulation of the electric field in the open hole shaft, calculation models of different filling degrees of the cave are established, the purpose of quantitatively evaluating the different filling degrees of the cave is achieved, and the quantitative evaluation problem of the filling degree of the cave type carbonate reservoir cave in oil and gas exploration is favorably solved.
A dual laterolog quantitative evaluation method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1, which mainly includes the steps of:
step 1: and establishing a cave model to simulate the real environment of the shaft double-direction logging instrument.
The established cavern model is shown in fig. 2, for example, wherein the formation 1 may be limestone, the formation resistivity value is generally set to 1000 Ω · m, and the formation includes a cavern; the well bore 2 penetrates through the karst cave, and the mud resistance in the shaft is 1 omega.m; the karst cave is filled with mud, sand and ash (gravel).
Step 2: and performing simulation calculation on the double lateral numerical values of the cave stratum to obtain a response rule of double lateral logging of the cave stratum.
In order to obtain the response information of the double laterolog with different filling degrees, the cave stratum double laterolog satisfies the finite element functional equation by using a three-dimensional finite element method as follows:
Φ＝Φ1(U)-Φ2(U) (3)
Φ2＝IEUE (5)
in a cylindrical coordinate system (r, phi, z), wherein U represents electric potential, sigma is medium conductivity (reciprocal relation with resistivity RT), and IEIs the emitter electrode current. The specific method can refer to the application of 'Li Da Zan, Zheng Song Mu, Tan Yongji' and limited element method in electric method logging]Beijing, oil industry Press, 1980.
Considering the response rule of the dual laterolog under 5 conditions of cavities with filling degrees of 0%, 30%, 60%, 80% and 100%, etc., different cavity radiuses and different filling types
And step 3: establishing a cave filling resistivity calculation model based on the response rule obtained in the step 2), and calculating cave filling resistivity values of different filling degrees.
And establishing and determining resistivity calculation models of different fillers based on analysis of corresponding rules of the two sides with different filling degrees. Specifically, analyzing a double-lateral logging response rule under the conditions of different fillings and different cave radiuses according to the simulation result of the step 2), and establishing a relation between the cave radiuses, the types of the fillings and the double-lateral response; when different fillings are filled in the cave, the difference value of the lateral resistivity of the two sides is different, and the smaller the filling resistivity is, the larger the difference value of the lateral resistivity of the depth is; according to the response characteristics, a calculation model of the resistivity of the cave filling can be obtained, namely a relational graph or a relational expression between the resistivity of different fillings and the lateral difference value of the radius and the depth of the cave is obtained:
RLLD-RLLS＝m1+n1·p1 RTD+(m2+n2·p2 RTD)·X+(m3+n3·p3 RTD)·X2+(m4+n4·p4 RTD)·X3
(1)
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral resistivity, RLLSShallow lateral resistivity, RTD cavern fill resistivity, X cavern radius, m1、m2、m3、m4、n1、n2、n3、n4、p1、p2、p3、p4Is a coefficient related to the resistance of the filler.
RLLD，RLLSFor actual measurement data, coefficient m1、m2、m3、m4、n1、n2、n3、n4、p1、p2、p3、p4It can be obtained through simulation that X is read according to the actual interval abnormal interval, so that the only parameter to be solved in the formula (1) is RTD.
And 4, step 4: establishing a calculation model of the cavern filling degree, and calculating the cavern filling degree by combining the actual double-lateral logging information and the resistivity value calculated in the step 3).
The calculation model of the cavern filling degree is as follows:
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral apparent resistivity, the geometric mean value of the interval, R, is taken in practical operationwqIs unfilled resistivity, RqqIs the full pack resistivity.
Can respond to the law according to the degree of bilateral numerical simulation and cave fillingAnd extracting the thickness of the double-lateral abnormal section for the double-lateral logging curves with different filling degrees by combining actual double-lateral logging information, and defining the thickness as the diameter of the cave. Based on the hole diameter, the filling resistivity at different charging degrees can be obtained. Unfilled resistivity RwqThe resistivity of the pack at 0% of the pack level is usually related to the resistivity of the mud in the wellbore, so that R can be known by knowing the mud resistivitywq(ii) a The full pack resistivity is the resistivity of the pack at a pack level of 100%, and can be determined from the calculation result of the model (1).
Application example
To facilitate understanding of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Step 1: establishing a cave model with mud, sand and gray filler;
step 2: performing double-lateral numerical simulation to obtain double-lateral logging response rules of cave strata with different cave sizes, different fillings and different filling degrees;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of deep lateral resistivity with different pad resistivities (20 Ω. m, 50 Ω. m, 100 Ω. m, 150 Ω. m, 200 Ω. m) and different cavern sizes under 8in borehole conditions and a mud resistivity of 1 Ω. m; FIG. 4 is a plot of shallow lateral resistivity as a function of different pack resistivities (pack resistivity 20 Ω. m, 50 Ω. m, 100 Ω. m, 150 Ω. m, 200 Ω. m), and different cavern sizes for the same case; FIG. 5 simulates the response law of dual laterolog at different cavern filling levels.
And step 3: and (3) establishing a relation between different cave sizes and the resistivity of the cave filling and the bilateral response difference value according to the change rule of the depth lateral direction, the different filling types and the cave sizes in the step (2):
namely:
RLLD-RLLS＝m1+n1·p1 RTD+(m2+n2·p2 RTD)·X+(m3+n3·p3 RTD)·X2+(m4+n4·p4 RTD)·X3 (1)
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral resistivity, RLLSShallow lateral resistivity, RTD cavern fill resistivity, X cavern radius, m1、m2、m3、m4、n1、n2、n3、n4、p1、p2、p3、p4Is a coefficient related to the resistance of the filler.
The actual logging data are shown in fig. 6, the first natural Gamma Ray (GR), the well diameter CAL, the second deep lateral RD, the shallow lateral RS, the third acoustic time difference AC, the CNL neutrons, and the DEN density determine the abnormal section of the cave, the first path a and the second path B on the right side of fig. 6 show that the diameters of the abnormal section are 1.6 meters and 1.3 meters, respectively, and the resistivity of the cave filling can be calculated according to the formula (6) to be 40.3 Ω · m and 61.5 Ω · m, respectively.
And 4, step 4: establishing a cave filling degree double-laterolog quantitative calculation model:
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral apparent resistivity, RwqIs unfilled resistivity, RqqIs the full pack resistivity.
In this application example, since the mud resistivity used during the drilling of this well was 0.38 Ω. m, R was determined therefromwq0.38, by substituting the data and the resistivity of the cavern filling calculated according to equation (6) into equation (2), the filling levels of the interval are 91% and 94%, respectively.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for quantitatively evaluating a cavern filling degree, comprising the steps of:
1) establishing a cave model to simulate the real environment of a shaft double-direction logging instrument;
2) performing double-lateral numerical simulation calculation on the cave stratum to obtain a double-lateral logging response rule of the cave stratum;
3) establishing a cave filling resistivity calculation model based on the response rule obtained in the step 2), and calculating cave filling resistivity values of different filling degrees;
4) establishing a calculation model of the cavern filling degree, and calculating the cavern filling degree by combining actual double-lateral logging information and the resistivity value calculated in the step 3);
the calculation model of the resistivity of the cave filling established in the step 3) is as follows:
RLLD-RLLS＝m1+n1·p1 RTD+(m2+n2·p2 RTD)·X+(m3+n3·p3 RTD)·X2+(m4+n4·p4 RTD)·X3(1)
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral resistivity, RLLSShallow lateral resistivity, RTD cavern fill resistivity, X cavern radius, m1、m2、m3、m4、n1、n2、n3、n4、p1、p2、p3、p4Is a coefficient related to the resistance of the filler.
2. The method for quantitatively evaluating the filling degree of the cavern according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) comprises performing bilateral numerical simulation calculation of the cavern formation under different cavern sizes, different filling types and different filling degrees.
3. The method for quantitatively evaluating the cavern filling degree as recited in claim 1, wherein the calculation model of the cavern filling degree is as follows:
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral apparent resistivity, RwqIs unfilled resistivity, RqqIs the full pack resistivity.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cavern model comprises a formation, a borehole, and a cavern, the borehole penetrating through the cavern, the cavern having a filling therein.
5. The method for quantitatively evaluating the filling degree of the cavern according to claim 1, wherein the filling comprises mud, sand and gray matter.
6. An apparatus for quantitatively evaluating a cavern filling degree, the apparatus comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program performs the steps of:
1) establishing a cave model to simulate the real environment of a shaft double-direction logging instrument;
2) performing double-lateral numerical simulation calculation on the cave stratum to obtain a double-lateral logging response rule of the cave stratum;
3) establishing a cave filling resistivity calculation model based on the response rule obtained in the step 2), and calculating cave filling resistivity values of different filling degrees;
4) establishing a calculation model of the cavern filling degree, and calculating the cavern filling degree by combining actual double-lateral logging information and the resistivity value calculated in the step 3);
the calculation model of the resistivity of the cave filling established in the step 3) is as follows:
RLLD-RLLS＝m1+n1·p1 RTD+(m2+n2·p2 RTD)·X+(m3+n3·p3 RTD)·X2+(m4+n4·p4 RTD)·X3(1)
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral resistivity, RLLSShallow lateral resistivity, RTD cavern fill resistivity, X cavern radius, m1、m2、m3、m4、n1、n2、n3、n4、p1、p2、p3、p4Is a coefficient related to the resistance of the filler.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein step 2) comprises performing bi-lateral numerical simulation calculations of the cavern formation at different cavern sizes, different filling types and different filling degrees.
8. The apparatus for quantitatively evaluating the cavern filling degree as recited in claim 6, wherein the calculation model of the cavern filling degree is:
wherein R isLLDFor deep lateral apparent resistivity, RwqIs unfilled resistivity, RqqIs the full pack resistivity.
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