CN109297463B - River-crossing leveling method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a river-crossing leveling method, which comprises the steps of laying a river-crossing site, and respectively arranging instrument measuring sites and river-crossing leveling point marks on two banks; arranging a total station on instrument measuring stations at two sides, and arranging a prism on a river-crossing level point; carrying out same-bank level point observation; carrying out on-shore level point observation; adjusting the bank for observation by a two-bank total station; after the over-limit measured altitude difference observation value is eliminated through tolerance checking, the median of the two bank opposite direction observed altitude differences of the two total stations is taken as a river-crossing altitude difference measurement result, and the river-crossing altitude difference measurement method relates to the field of elevation control measurement. The invention saves the tedious work of measuring the height of an instrument and the height of a target, avoids the measuring error of the height of the instrument and the height of the target, improves the efficiency and the result precision of river-crossing leveling measurement, is convenient for measuring personnel to operate, is convenient to realize field measurement automation, and is favorable for controlling the field observation quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of elevation control measurement, in particular to a river-crossing leveling method which is suitable for performing elevation transfer measurement crossing rivers, lakes and seas by using a total station according to a triangular elevation method.
Background
In the river-crossing leveling process by using a triangular elevation method, the instrument height and the target height of a measuring station are usually measured manually, and the instrument or the target is usually arranged on a tripod or an observation pier by using a triangular base, so that the height and the work are high, and the accuracy is low, so that the height difference accuracy of the river-crossing leveling is reduced; according to the existing national leveling standard, namely national first-class and second-class leveling standards (GBT12897-2006), the target is measured by an invar leveling rod, the near rod uses a total station aiming ruler to divide and draw a line for direct reading, and the far rod adopts a method of manually arranging a target on a ruler integer division line for observation and reading.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provide a river-crossing leveling method which is high in height and target without a measuring instrument, reduces measuring errors and can improve measuring efficiency and achievement precision.
The invention provides a river-crossing leveling method, which comprises the following steps:
1) laying a river-crossing site, and respectively arranging instrument measuring sites and river-crossing leveling point marks on two banks;
2) arranging a total station on instrument measuring stations at two sides, and arranging a prism on a river-crossing level point;
3) carrying out same-bank level point observation;
setting measuring stations and measuring points, inputting the number of observation groups, carrying out same-shore vertical angle and slant distance observation, and carrying out observation quality inspection and river-crossing two-shore height difference calculation;
4) carrying out on-shore level point observation;
setting measuring stations and measuring points, inputting the number of observation groups and the number of measured returns in the half measured returns, carrying out the landed vertical angle and the slant distance observation, and carrying out the observation quality inspection and the height difference calculation of one measured return;
5) adjusting the bank for observation by a two-bank total station;
exchanging the exchange measuring points of the two-bank total station, exchanging the exchange leveling points of the two-bank prism and keeping the height unchanged, and repeating the step 3) and the step 4) to finish the return measurement of a plurality of measured returns to obtain the river-crossing height difference of the return measurement;
6) after the over-limit return altitude difference observation value is eliminated through limit difference checking, the median of the two bank opposite direction observation altitudes of the two total stations is taken as a river-crossing altitude difference measurement result.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the step 1), river-crossing patterns are selected according to terrain conditions, and river-crossing sites are arranged in an isosceles trapezoid or parallelogram mode.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the step 1), instrument measuring stations I on two banks of the river-crossing site1,I2Are respectively positioned at the river-crossing level point P1,P2The upstream and downstream of the heat exchanger are on the same side or different sides.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the step 3) and the step 4), a group of observation steps are as follows:
(1) the total station is provided with a left collimation prism for observing and recording the storage slope distance and the vertical angle;
(2) and controlling the total station collimation part to rotate so that the total station disk right collimation prism observes and records and stores the slant distance and the vertical angle.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the step (1) and the step (2) are repeated to complete the observation of multiple groups of the same shore level points.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the step (1) and the step (2) are repeated to finish the observation of multiple groups of the opposite-shore level points to form a half-measured-echo observation, and the observation of all the half-measured echoes is finished by multiple times of observation.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the group of calculation formulas for observing the height difference are as follows:
hgroup of＝Ssinα (1)
In the formula: s is the observation slope distance, and alpha is the vertical angle.
On the basis of the technical scheme, if a plurality of groups of observations need to be carried out, the median of the observation height differences of each group is taken as the half-observation return observation height difference.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the step 4), a calculation formula of the total station to-and-fro measuring half-measuring river-crossing altitude difference is as follows:
in the formula:
total station 1 in1Station setting, No. 2 total station in I2A half-measuring river-crossing altitude difference observed value obtained by station-setting observation,
for the total station No. 1 in the half-survey observation in I1The station is arranged to measure the median of a plurality of groups of observation height differences,
for the total station 2 in the half-survey observation is in I2And the station is arranged to measure the number of groups of observed height differences.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the step 5), a calculation formula of the total station for measuring the half-measuring-return river-crossing altitude difference is as follows:
in the formula:
total station 1 in2Station setting, No. 2 total station in I1A half-measuring river-crossing altitude difference observed value obtained by station-setting observation,
for the total station No. 1 in the half-survey observation in I2The station is arranged to measure the median of a plurality of groups of observation height differences,
for the total station 2 in the half-survey observation is in I1And the station is arranged to measure the number of groups of observed height differences.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the step 5), the calculation formula of the river crossing height difference of the forward measurement unit and the backward measurement unit is as follows:
two banks of two total stations are synchronously observed in opposite directions to form a double-measuring-loop, and the calculation formula of the observation height difference of the double-measuring-loop is as follows:
in the formula:
in order to measure the river-crossing height difference,
for measuring the river-crossing height difference,
the river-crossing height difference is measured in a double-measuring way.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in the step 6), the tolerance checking formula is as follows:
taking the total qualified number of the N double-detection-loop river-crossing height differences as a final river-crossing height difference;
in the formula: dHLimit ofFor each double observationTolerance between height differences, M△The unit is the accidental medium error limit value of each M kilometer of leveling measurement, and is mm, N is the total double measured number, s is the river-crossing sight line length, and is km.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the total station is connected with the mobile terminal through wireless signal transmission, and the mobile terminal controls the total station to automatically aim at a target, observe, record and store data, and check the quality of an observation result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts a measuring method for directly measuring the height difference between the near shore level point and the far shore level point, and combines the river-crossing graph and measures of checking, calculating and eliminating the result tolerance, thereby saving the complex work of measuring the height of the instrument and the height of the target, avoiding the measuring error of the height of the instrument and the height of the target, improving the efficiency and the result precision of river-crossing leveling measurement, facilitating the operation of measuring personnel, facilitating the realization of field measurement automation and being beneficial to controlling the field observation quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cross-river leveling method of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2a and b are field layout diagrams of the river-crossing leveling method according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a river-crossing leveling method, including the following steps:
1) laying a river-crossing site, and respectively arranging instrument measuring sites and river-crossing leveling point marks on two banks;
2) arranging a total station on instrument measuring stations at two sides, and arranging a prism on a river-crossing level point;
3) carrying out same-bank level point observation;
setting measuring stations and measuring points, inputting the number of observation groups, carrying out same-shore vertical angle and slant distance observation, and carrying out observation quality inspection and river-crossing two-shore height difference calculation;
4) carrying out on-shore level point observation;
setting measuring stations and measuring points, inputting the number of observation groups and the number of measured returns in the half measured returns, carrying out the landed vertical angle and the slant distance observation, and carrying out the observation quality inspection and the height difference calculation of one measured return;
5) adjusting the bank for observation by a two-bank total station;
exchanging the exchange measuring points of the two-bank total station, exchanging the exchange leveling points of the two-bank prism and keeping the height unchanged, and repeating the step 3) and the step 4) to finish the return measurement of a plurality of measured returns to obtain the river-crossing height difference of the return measurement;
6) after the over-limit return altitude difference observation value is eliminated through limit difference checking, the median of the two bank opposite direction observation altitudes of the two total stations is taken as a river-crossing altitude difference measurement result.
The invention adopts a measuring method for directly measuring the height difference between the near shore level point and the far shore level point, and combines the river-crossing graph and measures of checking, calculating and eliminating the result tolerance, thereby saving the complex work of measuring the height of the instrument and the height of the target, avoiding the measuring error of the height of the instrument and the height of the target, improving the efficiency and the result precision of river-crossing leveling measurement, facilitating the operation of measuring personnel, facilitating the realization of field measurement automation and being beneficial to controlling the field observation quality.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a river-crossing leveling method, including the following steps:
1) laying a river-crossing site, and respectively arranging instrument measuring sites and river-crossing leveling point marks on two banks;
instrument measuring sites and river-crossing leveling point marks are respectively arranged on two banks of a river, so that the installation and the arrangement of a total station and a prism are convenient, and the position of the instrument can be frequently changed to carry out multi-measuring-return observation; referring to fig. 2a to 2b, the river-crossing site can be laid in an isosceles trapezoid or parallelogram manner, and 2 total stations and 2 prisms are used to perform equidirectional and opposite observation, wherein I1,I2For cross-river shoreside instrumentation, P1,P2Is a cross-river level point on both sides and is an instrument measuring station I on both sides of a cross-river field1,I2Are respectively positioned at the river-crossing level point P1,P2The same side or different sides of the upstream and the downstream can be flexibly adjusted according to different terrain conditions, and the measurement is convenient.
2) Arranging a total station on instrument measuring stations at two sides, and arranging a prism on a river-crossing level point;
referring to FIGS. 2a and 2b, I1,I2For surveying sites by instruments on both sides of river, a total station is arranged at the site, P1,P2The total station and the prism on the two sides of the river can be respectively positioned at the same side or different sides of the upstream and the downstream, so that flexible adjustment can be conveniently made according to different terrain conditions, and measurement is convenient.
3) Carrying out same-bank level point observation;
and setting measuring stations and measuring points, inputting the number of observation groups, observing the vertical angle and the slant distance on the same bank, and carrying out observation quality inspection and river-crossing bank-to-bank height difference calculation.
4) Carrying out on-shore level point observation;
and setting measuring stations and measuring points, inputting the number of observation groups and the number of measured returns in the half measured returns, carrying out the landed vertical angle and slant distance observation, and carrying out the observation quality inspection and height difference calculation of one measured return.
In step 3) and step 4), one group of observation steps are as follows:
(1) the total station is provided with a left collimation prism for observing and recording the storage slope distance and the vertical angle;
(2) and controlling the total station collimation part to rotate so that the total station disk right collimation prism observes and records and stores the slant distance and the vertical angle.
The set of observed height differences is calculated as follows:
hgroup of＝S sinα (1)
In the formula: s is the observation slope distance, and alpha is the vertical angle.
If a plurality of groups of observation are needed, the median of the observation height differences of each group is taken as the half-observation height difference. And repeating the two steps to finish the multi-group observation of the same-bank level point and the opposite-bank level point and finish the observation of all half-test returns.
The calculation formula of the current measuring half-measuring-loop river-crossing altitude difference of the total station is as follows:
in the formula:
total station 1 in1Station setting, No. 2 total station in I2A half-measuring river-crossing altitude difference observed value obtained by station-setting observation,
for the total station No. 1 in the half-survey observation in I1The station is arranged to measure the median of a plurality of groups of observation height differences,
for the total station 2 in the half-survey observation is in I2And the station is arranged to measure the number of groups of observed height differences.
5) Adjusting the bank for observation by a two-bank total station;
and (3) exchanging the exchange measuring points of the two-bank total station, exchanging the exchange leveling points of the two-bank prism and keeping the height unchanged, and repeating the step 3) and the step 4) to finish the return measurement of a plurality of measured returns to obtain the river-crossing height difference of the return measurement.
The calculation formula of the total station return measurement half-measuring return river-crossing altitude difference is as follows:
in the formula:
total station 1 in2Station setting, No. 2 total station in I1A half-measuring river-crossing altitude difference observed value obtained by station-setting observation,
for the total station No. 1 in the half-survey observation in I2The station is arranged to measure the median of a plurality of groups of observation height differences,
for the total station 2 in the half-survey observation is in I1And the station is arranged to measure the number of groups of observed height differences.
Wherein, the calculation formula of the river-crossing height difference between the forward measurement unit and the backward measurement unit is as follows:
two banks of two total stations are synchronously observed in opposite directions to form a double-measuring-loop, and the calculation formula of the observation height difference of the double-measuring-loop is as follows:
in the formula:
in order to measure the river-crossing height difference,
for measuring the river-crossing height difference,
the river-crossing height difference is measured in a double-measuring way.
In the process, the purpose that the exchange leveling points of the prisms on the two banks are exchanged and set and the height is kept unchanged is to eliminate the influence of the height of the prism when the altitude difference is used for counting in the measurement and observation, avoid the height of the measuring instrument and the prism, facilitate the operation of measuring personnel and improve the efficiency and the achievement precision of river-crossing leveling.
6) After the over-limit return altitude difference observation value is eliminated through limit difference checking, the median of the two bank opposite direction observation altitudes of the two total stations is taken as a river-crossing altitude difference measurement result.
Wherein, the limit error checking formula is as follows:
taking the total qualified number of the N double-detection-loop river-crossing height differences as a final river-crossing height difference;
in the formula: dHLimit ofFor each double observation loop, M△The unit is the accidental medium error limit value of each M kilometer of leveling measurement, and is mm, N is the total double measured number, s is the river-crossing sight line length, and is km.
EXAMPLE III
Different from the first embodiment, the total station is connected with the mobile terminal through wireless signal transmission, and the mobile terminal controls the total station to automatically aim at a target, observe, record and store data, and check the quality of an observation result. In the embodiment, the total station is wirelessly connected with the mobile phone end through the Bluetooth function, searching is needed before the first connection, and after the control software on the mobile phone end is opened, the total station equipment is automatically searched, connected and stored, so that the total station equipment is convenient to use later without searching and can be directly connected; after connection, the total station needing to be operated is selected, a station measuring point and a measuring point can be set on mobile phone software, parameters such as vertical angle observation group number, measured return number and the like are input, and observation quality inspection and height difference calculation are automatically completed.
Various modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art, and they are also within the scope of the present invention, provided they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents.
What is not described in detail in the specification is prior art that is well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A river-crossing leveling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) laying a river-crossing site, and respectively arranging instrument measuring sites and river-crossing leveling point marks on two banks;
2) arranging a total station on instrument measuring stations at two sides, and arranging a prism on a river-crossing level point;
3) carrying out same-bank level point observation;
setting measuring stations and measuring points, inputting the number of observation groups, carrying out same-shore vertical angle and slant distance observation, and carrying out observation quality inspection and river-crossing two-shore height difference calculation;
4) carrying out on-shore level point observation;
setting measuring stations and measuring points, inputting the number of observation groups and the number of measured returns in the half measured returns, carrying out the landed vertical angle and the slant distance observation, and carrying out the observation quality inspection and the height difference calculation of one measured return;
5) adjusting the bank for observation by a two-bank total station;
exchanging the exchange measuring points of the two-bank total station, exchanging the exchange leveling points of the two-bank prism and keeping the height unchanged, and repeating the step 3) and the step 4) to finish the return measurement of a plurality of measured returns to obtain the river-crossing height difference of the return measurement;
6) after the difference limiting checking calculation and the over-limit measured height difference observation value are removed, taking the median of the two bank opposite direction observed height differences of the two total stations as a river-crossing height difference measurement result;
in step 3) and step 4), one group of observation steps are as follows:
(1) the total station is provided with a left collimation prism for observing and recording the storage slope distance and the vertical angle;
(2) controlling the total station collimation part to rotate so that a total station disc right collimation prism can be observed and recorded, and storing the slant distance and the vertical angle;
repeating the step (1) and the step (2) to complete the observation of multiple groups of same-shore level points;
repeating the step (1) and the step (2), completing the multiple groups of observation of the shore level points to form a half-measured-echo observation, and completing the observation of all the half-measured echoes by multiple times of observation;
the set of observed height differences is calculated as follows:
hgroup of＝Ssinα (1)
In the formula: s is an observation slope distance, and alpha is a vertical angle;
if a plurality of groups of observation are needed, taking the median of the observation height differences of each group as the half-observation return observation height difference;
in the step 4), a calculation formula of the total station for measuring the half-measuring-loop river-crossing altitude difference is as follows:
in the formula:
total station 1 in1Station setting, No. 2 total station in I2A half-measuring river-crossing altitude difference observed value obtained by station-setting observation,
for the total station No. 1 in the half-survey observation in I1The station is arranged to measure the median of a plurality of groups of observation height differences,
for the total station 2 in the half-survey observation is in I2The number of the multiple groups of observation height differences measured by the station is set;
in the step 5), a calculation formula of the total station for measuring the half-measuring return river-crossing height difference is as follows:
in the formula:
total station 1 in2Station setting, No. 2 total station in I1A half-measuring river-crossing altitude difference observed value obtained by station-setting observation,
for the total station No. 1 in the half-survey observation in I2The station is arranged to measure the median of a plurality of groups of observation height differences,
for the total station 2 in the half-survey observation is in I1The number of the multiple groups of observation height differences measured by the station is set;
in the step 5), the calculation formula of the river-crossing height difference of the forward measurement unit and the backward measurement unit is as follows:
two banks of two total stations are synchronously observed in opposite directions to form a double-measuring-loop, and the calculation formula of the observation height difference of the double-measuring-loop is as follows:
in the formula:
in order to measure the river-crossing height difference,
for measuring the river-crossing height difference,
double measuring the river-crossing height difference;
the total station is connected with the mobile terminal through wireless signal transmission, and the mobile terminal controls the total station to automatically aim at a target, observe, record and store data, and check the quality of an observation result.
2. A method of river-crossing leveling according to claim 1 wherein: in the step 1), river-crossing graphics are selected according to terrain conditions, and river-crossing sites are arranged in an isosceles trapezoid or parallelogram mode.
3. A method of river-crossing leveling according to claim 2 wherein: in step 1), instrument survey station I on both banks of river crossing site1,I2Are respectively positioned at the river-crossing level point P1,P2The upstream and downstream of the heat exchanger are on the same side or different sides.
4. A method of river-crossing leveling according to claim 1 wherein: in step 6), the tolerance checking formula is as follows:
taking the total qualified number of the N double-detection-loop river-crossing height differences as a final river-crossing height difference;
in the formula: dHLimit ofFor each double observation loop, MΔThe unit is the accidental medium error limit value of each M kilometer of leveling measurement, and is mm, N is the total double measured number, s is the river-crossing sight line length, and is km.
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