CN109374144B - Temperature sensor capable of outputting PWM signal - Google Patents
Temperature sensor capable of outputting PWM signal Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/01—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using semiconducting elements having PN junctions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K2219/00—Thermometers with dedicated analog to digital converters
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Abstract
The invention relates to a temperature sensor capable of outputting PWM signals, which comprises a multiplexer, an ADC, a control unit and a pulse width detector, wherein the multiplexer, the ADC and the control unit are sequentially connected; the multiplexer is used for selecting the input signals and sending the selected signals to the ADC; ADC, used for converting analog signal and digital signal; the control unit is used for controlling the multiplexer to select a certain path of signal and storing the digital multi-path signal converted by the ADC into the register; and the pulse width detector is used for comparing the voltage acquired from the outside with the reference voltage through a sawtooth wave signal to obtain a PWM (pulse width modulation) switching signal, and further outputting a control signal to control external equipment through triggering. According to the command of the microcontroller, the invention directly outputs the PWM signal with adjustable duty ratio to control the fan or the heater by internal calculation. The sensor can monitor local temperature and local voltage in addition to detecting remote temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sensor design and application, and particularly relates to a temperature sensor capable of outputting a PWM signal.
Background
With the development of computers, microprocessing technology and semiconductor integration technology, the development of microprocessors and memories is continuously advanced, and sensitive elements and signal processing circuits can be integrated on the same chip, so that the sensor can realize more perfect and advanced functions, and a foundation is laid for the development of intelligent sensors. The intelligent integrated multifunctional monitoring sensor is taken as an important development direction of intelligent sensors, is paid much attention by the nation and has wide development prospect. A temperature sensor capable of outputting PWM signals can directly realize the function of controlling a fan or a heater according to a set PWM threshold value, and can be widely applied to the fields of industrial and automobile electronic products, communication electronic products, consumer electronic products and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a temperature sensor capable of outputting PWM signals, so as to simplify the control mode of controlling a fan or a heater after a traditional microcontroller detects the temperature.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a temperature sensor capable of outputting PWM signals comprises a multiplexer, an ADC, a control unit and a pulse width detector, wherein the multiplexer, the ADC and the control unit are sequentially connected;
the multiplexer is used for selecting the input signals and sending the selected signals to the ADC;
ADC, used for converting analog signal and digital signal;
the control unit is used for controlling the multiplexer to select a certain path of signal and storing the digital multi-path signal converted by the ADC into the register;
and the pulse width detector is used for comparing the voltage acquired from the outside with the reference voltage through a sawtooth wave signal to obtain a PWM (pulse width modulation) switching signal, and outputting a control signal to control external equipment through an internal trigger.
The multiplexer comprises a plurality of pairs of input ends; the input end is used for accessing an external acquisition signal. A triode is adopted, a base electrode and a collector electrode of the triode are both connected with the positive electrodes of a pair of input ends, and an emitting electrode is connected with the negative electrodes of the pair of input ends.
The multiplexer includes a plurality of selection units; the selection unit comprises a transistor M1-a transistor M16;
the grid of the M1 is connected with the grid of the M2, and the drain of the M1 and the drain of the M2 are respectively used as the output ends Out1 and Out 1-of the unit; the grid of M3 is connected with the grid of M4, the drain of M3 and the drain of M4 are respectively used as the output ends Out2 and Out2 of the unit; the M1 source, the M3 source and the M5 drain are connected, the M2 source, the M4 source and the M6 drain are connected, the M5 gate and the M6 gate are respectively used as an input end in1 and an input end in1 of the unit, the M5 source and the M6 source are both connected with the M7 drain, the M7 source is grounded through a current source, and the M7 gate is a control end s 4; the M1 gate and the M3 gate are respectively used as a control terminal s2 and a control terminal s 1;
the grid of the M9 is connected with the grid of the M10, and the drain of the M9 and the drain of the M10 are respectively connected with the output ends Out1 and Out 1-of the unit; the M11 gate and the M12 gate are connected, and the M11 drain and the M12 drain are respectively connected with the output ends Out2 and Out 2-of the unit; the M9 source, the M11 source and the M13 drain are connected, the M10 source, the M12 source and the M14 drain are connected, the M13 gate and the M14 gate are respectively used as an input end in2 and an input end in2 of the unit, the M13 source and the M14 source are both connected with the M16 drain, the M16 source is grounded through a current source, and the M16 gate is a control end s 5; the M12 gate and the M10 gate are respectively used as a control terminal s 1-and a control terminal s 2-;
the control end s1, the control end s1-, the control end s2, the control end s2-, the control end s4 and the control end s5 are connected with the control unit;
the input end in1 and the input end in1-, the input end in2 and the input end in 2-are respectively connected with an external acquisition signal;
the output terminals Out1, Out1-, Out2 and Out 2-are connected with the ADC.
The control unit transmits the received data to an external device by setting a communication protocol.
The pulse width detector comprises an error amplifier, a PWM comparator, a trigger and an oscillating circuit, wherein the error amplifier, the PWM comparator and the trigger are sequentially connected;
the error amplifier is used for amplifying the difference value between the external acquisition voltage and the reference voltage; the positive input end is connected with the positive electrodes of a pair of input ends of the multi-path selector, the negative input end is used for accessing reference voltage, and the output end outputs a direct current signal Ve to the PWM comparator;
the PWM comparator is used for comparing Ve accessed by the positive input end with a sawtooth wave signal output by the oscillating circuit accessed by the negative input end to obtain a PWM switching signal;
and the trigger is used for keeping the PWM switching signal in the original state until the next PWM comparator result is output according to the PWM switching signal of the input end R and the sawtooth wave signal of the oscillating circuit of the input end S, and controlling the external equipment through the control signal output by the trigger.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the sensor directly outputs PWM signals with adjustable duty ratio to control the fan or the heater through internal calculation according to the command of the microcontroller.
2. The sensor can monitor local temperature and local voltage in addition to detecting remote temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit of the multiplexer design of the present invention;
FIG. 3 ADC design circuit _ Integrator of this invention;
FIG. 4 ADC design circuit _ Integrator _ op amp circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 ADC design circuit _ clocked comparator of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pulse width detector of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the error amplifier E/A circuit of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a block diagram of a sensor application of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The temperature sensor is an electronic component which converts physical temperature quantity into electrical quantity by utilizing the characteristic that the BE junction of a triode changes along with the temperature in a silicon-based circuit, outputs the electrical quantity in a digital form, and realizes the temperature sensing function through a bus interface so as to accurately measure the temperature. The PWM threshold value may be set in advance in a register BANK inside the sensor, and the duty ratio of the PWM output may be calculated by calculation with the value of the remote temperature register. The output PWM signal can drive the MOS tube to be switched on or switched off to form a closed loop system, and the pulse width modulation is an analog control mode and modulates the bias of a transistor base or an MOS tube grid according to the change of corresponding load to realize the change of the on-time of the transistor or the MOS tube, thereby realizing the switching on or off of a closed loop. The traditional control mode is that a microcontroller acquires a temperature signal through a temperature sensor, then calculates the temperature value to obtain, and controls a fan or a heater according to the calculated temperature value and PWM output of the microcontroller. Functional block diagram 1 shows the main functional blocks of the product. The input signal is selected by the data selector and controlled by the control logic module. The control logic module uses the pattern in the control register to manage the order in which data is acquired and the type of data acquired. The data acquisition is in a fixed order: c1, C2, local temperature, then VCC. Wherein the combination of channels C1 and C2 can detect the far-end temperature by connecting transistors, ADC performs necessary conversion, then data is stored in register BANK, and control logic performs corresponding control according to the command byte. Digital communication interface I2C is used to communicate control, status and data in the data registers with the microprocessor.
As shown in fig. 1, is a functional block diagram of a sensor. The far-end temperature detection is to convert a temperature physical quantity into an electrical quantity by utilizing the characteristic that a BE junction of a triode changes along with the temperature, perform analog-to-digital conversion by using an internal ADC (analog-to-digital converter), and store a final digital quantity in a far-end temperature register; the local temperature detection is to convert the temperature physical quantity into electrical quantity by utilizing the characteristic that a BE junction of a diode in a chip changes along with the temperature, perform analog-to-digital conversion by utilizing an ADC in the chip and store the final digital quantity in a local temperature register; the local voltage detection utilizes an ADC in the chip to carry out analog-to-digital conversion, and the final digital quantity is stored in a local voltage register. The simultaneous detection of the remote temperature, the local temperature and the local voltage is realized by an internal data selector and control logic. The command byte register stores read-write commands of the microcontroller, and the PWM threshold register stores numerical values for calculating the PWM duty ratio.
As shown in fig. 2, is a multiplexer design circuit. The multiplexer circuit has two input signals In1 and In2 and two output signals Out1 and Out 2. The control signals s1, s1-, s2, s 2-and s3 are used to control whether the input signals are output or not, respectively. In the circuit, transistors M1-M4 and transistors M9-M12 are switching transistors and are controlled by control signals s1 and s2 respectively. M5-M6 and M13-M14 are signal input tubes respectively, and the signal input tubes form a folding structure respectively with the connected switch tubes. The multiplexer circuit works according to the following principle: when the control signal s2 In the circuit is at high level, the corresponding switch tube M1-M2 is turned on, and the input signal In1 of M5-M6 is output from the output terminal of Out1 and injected into the next circuit for processing. When the signal s 2-is at high level, the corresponding switch tube M9-M10 is turned on, and the input signal In2 of M9-M10 is output from the output terminal of Out 1. When the control signal In the circuit is only s1 high level, the corresponding switch tube M3-M4 is conducted, and the input signal In1 of M5-M6 is output from the output end of Out2 and injected into the lower-level circuit for processing; when the control signal s 1-is high, the corresponding switch tube M11-M12 is conducted, and the signal In2 input from M13-M14 is output from the output end of Out 2. This implements a dual input dual output multiplexer.
ADCs are prior art. A sigma-delta ADC generally consists of two parts, a sigma-delta modulator and a down-sampling digital filter. The dominant sigma-delta modulator comprises an integrator and clocked comparators. FIG. 3 integratorIn circuit CSIs a sampling capacitor CPIs an input terminal parasitic capacitance, CLThe sum of the output parasitic capacitance of the operational amplifier and the input parasitic capacitance of the lower circuit. In the design of the integrator, an operational amplifier circuit is mainly shown in fig. 4, a bias circuit of an operational amplifier is arranged at the left half part of the circuit, and a wide-swing mirror current source structure is adopted; the middle part of the circuit is an input stage of the operational amplifier, and M15 and M16 adopt PMOS as an input tube of the operational amplifier and are manufactured in a single well, so that substrate noise can be inhibited. The output end adopts a cascode structure to improve the direct current gain of the operational amplifier, and simultaneously meets the requirement of output swing amplitude. The clocked comparator in the design adopts a latch structure comparator. In order for the comparator to meet timing requirements, the comparator is designed to be edge triggered, as shown in fig. 5. The inputs of the latches are applied to the gates of M1 and M2. M1 and M2 operate in the triode linear region. The input values will be a change in resistance from the sources of M3 and M4 to ground. When the latch is enabled, i.e., clk high, the drains of M3 and M4 will be tied to the output of the latch. M3 and M4 constitute the parallel positive feedback paths of the latches. An RS trigger must be added at the output end of the latch, because when clk is low level, the latch enters a reset mode, at the moment, the output of the latch is low, and the output of the latch keeps the original state through the RS trigger until the next comparator result is output.
As shown in fig. 6, is a schematic diagram of a pulse width detector. It has a voltage feedback loop, and adopts pulse width modulation method, i.e. compares the slowly-changed DC signal Ve sampled and amplified by voltage error amplifier (E/A) with sawtooth wave signal of constant frequency, and utilizes the pulse width modulation principle to obtain proper pulse width tonThe power of the signal driving circuit is amplified to obtain a control signal V of the switching tubeG. The schematic diagram of the error amplifier E/a, which plays a major role, is shown in fig. 7, and the function of the E/a module is to amplify the difference between the output voltage sample and the reference voltage, and compare the difference with the sawtooth wave signal output by the oscillator module to obtain the PWM switching signal. In fig. 7, MP4 and MP5 form a differential input pair of the operational amplifier, and drain-side currents of the differential pair transistors are mirrored by current mirrors formed by MN1, MN2, MN12, MN13, MN3, MN4, MN5, and MN14, respectivelyAnd the two differential currents are subtracted by a current mirror formed by MP1, MP2, MP11 and MP12 and output, wherein the mirror ratio of MN4 to MN3 is K, and the mirror ratio of MP2 to MP1 is K. The mirror ratio of the other current mirrors is 1, so that the output current is K times of the current difference flowing through the differential pair transistors. The voltage error amplifier is the prior art, VN is connected into a feedback voltage VFBVP is connected to a reference voltage Vref.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an application of the sensor. The sensor comprises two parts, namely a peripheral application circuit of the sensor and a control circuit of the microcontroller. The channel C1 and the channel C2 are connected with a triode V1 to form a far-end temperature detection module, and temperature collection is achieved. The multiplexer comprises a plurality of pairs of input ends, and each pair of input ends can be connected with one of a temperature detection module, a voltage and a sampling resistor (detection current). The temperature detection module is connected to the embodiment, a triode is adopted, the base electrode and the collector electrode of the triode are both connected with the positive electrodes of the pair of input ends, and the emitting electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the pair of input ends. Two ends of the sampling resistor are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the pair of input ends. The collected data is converted by the ADC and stored in a remote temperature register in the register BANK. The microcontroller is connected with the digital communication interface I2And C, performing read-write command operation on the sensor, wherein the read-write command operation comprises setting of a PWM threshold value and setting of a command byte. The PWM channel outputs PWM signals with adjustable duty ratio according to the far-end temperature, the PWM threshold value and the command byte in the register BANK and the pulse width detector, and the PWM signals realize the control of the fan or the heater through the driving circuit.
Claims (3)
1. A temperature sensor capable of outputting PWM signals is characterized by comprising a multiplexer, an ADC, a control unit and a pulse width detector, wherein the multiplexer, the ADC and the control unit are sequentially connected;
the multiplexer is used for selecting the input signals and sending the selected signals to the ADC;
ADC, used for converting analog signal and digital signal;
the control unit is used for controlling the multiplexer to select a certain path of signal and storing the digital multi-path signal converted by the ADC into the register;
the pulse width detector is used for comparing a sawtooth wave signal according to the difference between the externally acquired voltage and the reference voltage to obtain a PWM (pulse width modulation) switching signal, and outputting a control signal to control external equipment through an internal trigger;
the pulse width detector comprises an error amplifier, a PWM comparator, a trigger and an oscillating circuit, wherein the error amplifier, the PWM comparator and the trigger are sequentially connected;
the error amplifier is used for amplifying the difference value between the external acquisition voltage and the reference voltage; the positive input end is connected with the positive electrodes of a pair of input ends of the multi-path selector, the negative input end is used for accessing reference voltage, and the output end outputs a direct current signal Ve to the PWM comparator;
the PWM comparator is used for comparing Ve accessed by the positive input end with a sawtooth wave signal output by the oscillating circuit accessed by the negative input end to obtain a PWM switching signal;
the trigger is used for keeping the PWM switching signal in the original state until the next PWM comparator result is output according to the PWM switching signal of the input end R and the sawtooth wave signal of the oscillating circuit of the input end S, and controlling external equipment through a control signal output by the trigger;
the control unit transmits the received data to an external device by setting a communication protocol.
2. The temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the multiplexer comprises a plurality of pairs of input terminals; the input end is used for accessing an external acquisition signal.
3. The temperature sensor capable of outputting a PWM signal according to claim 1, wherein the multiplexer includes a plurality of selection units; the selection unit comprises a transistor M1-a transistor M16;
the grid of the M1 is connected with the grid of the M2, and the drain of the M1 and the drain of the M2 are respectively used as the output ends Out1 and Out 1-of the unit; the grid of M3 is connected with the grid of M4, the drain of M3 and the drain of M4 are respectively used as the output ends Out2 and Out2 of the unit; the M1 source, the M3 source and the M5 drain are connected, the M2 source, the M4 source and the M6 drain are connected, the M5 gate and the M6 gate are respectively used as an input end in1 and an input end in1 of the unit, the M5 source and the M6 source are both connected with the M7 drain, the M7 source is grounded through a current source, and the M7 gate is a control end s 4; the M1 gate and the M3 gate are respectively used as a control terminal s2 and a control terminal s 1;
the grid of the M9 is connected with the grid of the M10, and the drain of the M9 and the drain of the M10 are respectively connected with the output ends Out1 and Out 1-of the unit; the M11 gate and the M12 gate are connected, and the M11 drain and the M12 drain are respectively connected with the output ends Out2 and Out 2-of the unit; the M9 source, the M11 source and the M13 drain are connected, the M10 source, the M12 source and the M14 drain are connected, the M13 gate and the M14 gate are respectively used as an input end in2 and an input end in2 of the unit, the M13 source and the M14 source are both connected with the M16 drain, the M16 source is grounded through a current source, and the M16 gate is a control end s 5; the M12 gate and the M10 gate are respectively used as a control terminal s 1-and a control terminal s 2-;
the control end s1, the control end s1-, the control end s2, the control end s2-, the control end s4 and the control end s5 are connected with the control unit;
the input end in1 and the input end in1-, the input end in2 and the input end in 2-are respectively connected with an external acquisition signal;
the output terminals Out1, Out1-, Out2 and Out 2-are connected with the ADC.
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| CN110995204B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-06-11 | 思瑞浦微电子科技（苏州）股份有限公司 | Oscillator for outputting multiple duty ratio pulse signals |
| CN111044163B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-08-24 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十七研究所 | Temperature sensor with alarm output function |
| CN112665743B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-10-04 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十七研究所 | Multi-channel monolithic digital temperature sensor with pulse width modulation output |
| CN114336566B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2023-04-28 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Circuit structure for realizing universal wiring terminal |
| CN117091712A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-21 | 杭州得明电子有限公司 | Manganese copper temperature testing method and device for IR46 Internet of things meter |
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