CN109444122B - Test paper - Google Patents
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- CN109444122B CN109444122B CN201811261612.0A CN201811261612A CN109444122B CN 109444122 B CN109444122 B CN 109444122B CN 201811261612 A CN201811261612 A CN 201811261612A CN 109444122 B CN109444122 B CN 109444122B
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- color development
- development block
- sealing film
- color
- test strip
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 208000014617 hemorrhoid Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 claims description 15
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VZQOBPXGQJXYGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxyethylbenzene Chemical compound OOCCC1=CC=CC=C1 VZQOBPXGQJXYGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-carboxypropanoylperoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCC(O)=O MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBIROUFYLSSYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzododecinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JBIROUFYLSSYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 20
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000013872 defecation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000003278 haem Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000147041 Guaiacum officinale Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010054787 Haemorrhoidal haemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010022653 Intestinal haemorrhages Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940091561 guaiac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/52—Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper and including single- and multilayer analytical elements
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses test paper, which comprises a body, at least one first color development block and at least one second color development block, wherein the body comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged; the first color development block is positioned on the first surface of the body and is used for detecting whether hemorrhoids bleed or not; the second color development piece is located the first surface of body for detect whether intestinal internal bleeding. According to the method, the first color development block and the second color development block are used for distinguishing hemorrhoids bleeding and intestinal tract internal bleeding, so that unnecessary panic caused by false positive of hemorrhoids patients can be avoided to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a detection test paper.
Background
The test paper has the advantages of no wound, safety and the like, greatly improves the compliance of patients, and becomes the most widely used colorectal cancer screening means for home self-test at present.
The inventor of the application discovers through long-term research that the existing test paper can only detect blood in excrement, but cannot distinguish whether the blood is caused by hemorrhoidal bleeding or intestinal tract bleeding, and is easy to panic a hemorrhoidal patient due to false positive.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem that this application mainly solves is to provide a test paper, can distinguish haemorrhoids hemorrhage and intestinal internal hemorrhage, and furthest avoids haemorrhoids patient to arouse unnecessary panic because of false positive.
In order to solve the technical problems, one technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: there is provided a test strip comprising: the body comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged; at least one first color development block positioned on the first surface of the body and used for detecting whether hemorrhoids bleed; at least one second color development block is positioned on the first surface of the body and is used for detecting whether the intestinal tract bleeds.
The beneficial effects of this application are: different from the condition of the prior art, the test paper provided by the application comprises a body, at least one first color development block and at least one second color development block, wherein the body comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged; the first color development block is positioned on the first surface of the body and is used for detecting whether hemorrhoids bleed or not; the second color development piece is located the first surface of body for detect whether intestinal internal bleeding. According to the method, the first color development block and the second color development block are used for distinguishing hemorrhoids bleeding and intestinal tract internal bleeding, so that unnecessary panic caused by false positive of hemorrhoids patients can be avoided to the greatest extent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a test strip of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the first color development block in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the second color development block in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the detection method of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a test strip according to the present application. The application test paper includes body 10, at least one first chromogenic piece 11, at least one second chromogenic piece 12, and body 10 sets up first surface 101 and second surface (not marked) including being away from each other, and first chromogenic piece 11 is located body 10's first surface 101 for whether detect haemorrhoids and bleed, second chromogenic piece 12 is located body 10's first surface 101 for whether detect intestinal and bleed. The first color development block 11 is arranged in a circular shape, and in one implementation scenario, the first color development block 11 may also be arranged in other shapes, such as a square ring, a rectangle, etc. The second color development block 12 is arranged in a cross shape, and in one implementation scenario, the second color development block 12 may also be arranged in other shapes, such as a hook shape, an exclamation mark shape. In one implementation scenario, to avoid that the first color development block 11 and the second color development block 12 are stained with colors in other areas of the body 10 during color development, thereby reducing the readability of the test paper of the present application, the first surface 101 of the body 10 is further covered with a film. In another implementation scenario, the body 10 itself has properties that are resistant to color dip.
By the above embodiment, the first color development block 11 and the second color development block 12 are used for distinguishing hemorrhoids bleeding from intestinal bleeding, so that unnecessary panic caused by false positive of hemorrhoids patients can be avoided to the greatest extent.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the test paper further includes an annular sealing member 13, where the annular sealing member 13 is latex, and the annular sealing member 13 is located at the peripheries of the first color development block 11 and the second color development block 12 and is used to protect the first color development block 11 and the second color development block 12 from being polluted, and the annular sealing member 13 is set to be circular as shown in fig. 1, and in one implementation scenario, the annular sealing member 13 may be set to be in other shapes, such as square, and in another implementation scenario, the shape of the annular sealing member 13 is consistent with the shape of the body 10, and a hole is provided in the middle for enclosing the first color development block 11 and the second color development block 12. The first color development block 11 is located at the periphery of the second color development block 12, and in one implementation scenario, the first color development block 11 and the second color development block 12 may also be disposed opposite to each other.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the first color development block 11 in fig. 1. The first color development block 11 includes a first sealing film 111, a first color developer 112, and a first active agent 113; the first sealing film 111 coats the first developer 112 and the first active agent 113, and the first sealing film 111 is insoluble in water. The first sealing film 111 is fixed to the body 10 at least at an edge (indicated by an arrow in the figure) of the first sealing film 111. The first sealing film 111 is provided with at least one first hole 1111 having a size D1 smaller than the size D1 of the first developer 112, and the number of the first holes 1111 is 1, 2, 3, or the like. The shape of the first hole 1111 is circular, and in other embodiments, the shape of the first hole 1111 is square or triangular, and the specific shape of the first hole 1111 is not limited in this embodiment; the first active agent 113 is disposed on an edge of the first sealing film 111, and in one embodiment, the first active agent 113 is disposed on one side edge of the first sealing film 111, and in another embodiment, the first active agent 113 is disposed on both side edges of the first sealing film 111. When the test paper is put into the water in the test container after the patient who bleeds the hemorrhoid, the first color developing agent 112 is not escaped from the first sealing film 111 because the size D1 is larger than the size D1 of the first hole 1111, a large amount of hemoglobin exists in the water due to the hemorrhoid bleeding, and when the amount of hemoglobin is larger than the first threshold value, a large amount of hemoglobin enters from the first hole 1111 so as to be combined with the first color developing agent 112, and the first active agent 113 adsorbs the combination of a large amount of hemoglobin and the first color developing agent 112, so that the first color developing agent 112 is accumulated at the first active agent 113, and the edge position of the first sealing film 111 is developed.
Wherein in one implementation, the mass of the first color developer 112 is 5-15g, e.g., 5g, 8g, 13g, 15g, etc. In other embodiments, the mass of the first color developer 112 may also be specifically set to other masses, for example, greater than 15g, or less than 5g, depending on the specific use environment.
The first color-developing agent 112 is cobalt green, and the first active agent 113 is at least one of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DTAC), and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1227).
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the second color development block 12 in fig. 1. The second color development block 12 includes a second sealing film 121, a second color developer 122, and a second active agent 123; the second sealing film 121 is coated with the second developer 122 and the second active agent 123, the second sealing film 121 is insoluble in water, and the second sealing film 122 is fixed to the body 10 at least at the edge (indicated by an arrow) of the second sealing film 122. The second sealing film 122 is provided with at least one second hole 1211 having a size D2 smaller than the size D2 of the second developer 122, the number of the second holes 1211 is 1, 2, 3, etc., the shape of the second hole 1211 is circular, square, etc., and the shape of the second hole 1211 is not limited in this embodiment; the second active agent 123 is used for releasing free oxygen under the action of hemoglobin, so that the second color developing agent 122 is oxidized and developed. When the test paper of the present application is put into the water in the test container after the patient who bleeds in the intestinal tract urinals, there is a small amount of hemoglobin in the water due to the infiltration of a small amount of blood carried in the feces, and hemoglobin enters from the second hole 1211, so that heme in hemoglobin causes the second active agent 123 to release free oxygen, which oxidizes the second color developing agent 122, and causes the second color developing agent 122 to oxidize and change color.
In one embodiment, the second color developing agent 122 is at least one of 3,3', 5' -Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), guaiac acid, and pirimione, and the second active agent 123 is at least one of phenethyl hydrogen peroxide, succinic peroxide, and peracetic acid.
In this way, since the amount of blood contained in the feces is different between the bleeding due to hemorrhoid and the bleeding in the intestinal tract after defecation, the former is much larger than the latter, and therefore, when the bleeding due to hemorrhoid is defecation, the amount of hemoglobin contained in the water in the detection container is large, and a large amount of hemoglobin is adsorbed by the first active agent 113 located at the edge of the first sealing film 111 after being combined with the first color developing agent 112, and a large amount of the first color developing agent 112 is accumulated at the edge of the first sealing film 111, thereby developing the first color developing block 11. However, if the water in the test container contains a small amount of hemoglobin after the bowel movement, a large amount of the first color developing agent 112 is not sufficiently accumulated at the edge of the first sealing film 111 to develop the first color developing block 11, but the second color developing agent 122 is further oxidized by the second color developing agent 12 due to the fact that the second active agent 123 is catalyzed by heme contained in hemoglobin, and free oxygen is released from the second active agent 123, and the bleeding of hemorrhoids is distinguished from the bleeding in the bowel movement.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of the detection method of the present application. The method comprises the following steps:
step S401: pouring the positive control into water, after a first preset time, pouring the test paper into water, and waiting for a second preset time;
in one implementation, the first preset time is 1 minute, and in other implementations, the first preset time may be 1.5 minutes, 2 minutes, or the like. The second predetermined time is 2 minutes, in other implementations, 2.5 minutes, 3 minutes, etc.
Step S402: judging whether the second color development block 12 develops color or not;
step S403: if no color development occurs in the second color development block 12, it is indicated that the test paper is damaged, and the process returns to step S401.
Step S404: if the second color development block 12 develops color, it indicates that the test paper is not damaged, and the test paper of the present application is put into water in the test container.
Step S405: judging whether the first color development block 11 and/or the second color development block 12 of the detection test paper develops color or not;
step S406: if the first color development block 11 and/or the second color development block 12 of the test paper develop, replacing the water in the test container, and returning to the operation of step S404;
before the test paper detects the patient's stool to determine whether the patient has hemorrhage in the intestinal canal or hemorrhage due to hemorrhoid, the test environment needs to be checked to determine whether the test environment is qualified, by executing the steps, whether the current test environment is qualified can be determined, if the first color development block 11 and/or the second color development block 12 develop color, it is indicated that a substance for developing color of the first color development block 11 and/or the second color development block 12 exists in the current test environment, and in order to eliminate the interference caused by the later detection of the patient's stool, the test environment needs to be replaced, namely, water in the test container needs to be replaced until no substance for developing color of the first color development block 11 and/or the second color development block 12 exists in the water is detected.
Step S407: if neither the first color development block 11 nor the second color development block 12 develops color, the test paper is put into the water of the detection container after defecation in the detection container;
step S408: judging whether the first color development block 11 and/or the second color development block 12 develops color or not;
step S409: if the first color development block 11 develops color, it is judged that there is a possibility of bleeding from hemorrhoids, if the second color development block 12 develops color, it is judged that there is a possibility of bleeding from the intestinal tract, and if neither the first color development block 11 nor the second color development block 12 develops color, it is judged that there is no bleeding;
in one implementation scenario, steps S407-S409 described above may be performed at least once, e.g., 2 times, 3 times, etc., in order to make the detection result closer to the fact, or make the detection result more convincing.
In the execution of steps S404 to S405, although the case where neither the first color development block 11 nor the second color development block 12 develops color occurs, there is a possibility that the test paper is damaged, for example, the test paper is deteriorated. In order to eliminate deviation or error in detection caused by the existence of the above-mentioned condition, it is necessary to detect the test paper itself before executing step S404 to determine whether the test paper is damaged, and since the storage environment of the test paper is equivalent in the actual use process, it is possible to basically determine whether the test paper used in steps S404 to S405 is damaged by detecting the test paper in the same batch and in the same package.
The steps S401-S403, S404-S406 and S407-S409 are respectively used for judging whether the test paper is qualified, whether the test environment is qualified and whether bleeding exists.
In one embodiment, the method can also be executed according to the sequence of the corresponding operations of judging whether the detection environment is qualified, whether the detection test paper is qualified and whether bleeding exists, without affecting the detection effect.
The foregoing description is only of embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the patent application, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and the contents of the present application or other related technical fields are included in the scope of the patent application.
Claims (8)
1. A test strip, the test strip comprising:
the body comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged, and at least the first surface has the characteristic of resisting color infection;
the first color development block is positioned on the first surface of the body and used for detecting whether hemorrhoids bleed or not, the first color development block comprises a first sealing film, a first color developing agent and a first active agent, the first sealing film is coated with the first color developing agent and the first active agent, the first sealing film is fixed with the body at least at the edge of the first sealing film, the first sealing film is provided with at least one second hole with the size smaller than that of the first color developing agent, and the first active agent is arranged at the edge of the first sealing film; wherein the first sealing film is insoluble in water, and the first color developing agent is used for being adsorbed to the edge of the first sealing film by the first active agent after being combined with the hemoglobin when the hemoglobin in the detection container is larger than a first threshold value, so that the edge is developed;
at least one second color development block is positioned on the first surface of the body and is used for detecting whether the intestinal tract bleeds.
2. The test strip of claim 1, wherein the test strip comprises a plurality of test strips,
the mass of the first color developing agent is 5-15 g.
3. The test strip of claim 2, wherein the test strip comprises a plurality of test strips,
the first color-developing agent is cobalt green, and the first active agent is at least one of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DTAC) and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1227).
4. The test strip of claim 1, wherein the test strip comprises a plurality of test strips,
the second color development block comprises a second sealing film, a second color development agent and a second active agent;
the second sealing film is coated with the second color developing agent and the second active agent, the second sealing film is fixed with the body at least at the edge of the second sealing film, and the second sealing film is provided with at least one third hole with the size smaller than that of the second color developing agent;
the second active agent is used for releasing free oxygen under the action of hemoglobin, so that the second color developing agent is oxidized and developed.
5. The test strip of claim 4, wherein the test strip comprises a plurality of test strips,
the second sealing film is insoluble in water, the second color developing agent is at least one of 3,3', 5' -tetramethyl benzidine (TMB), guaiaceae and pilamione, and the second active agent is at least one of phenethyl hydrogen peroxide, succinic peroxide and peracetic acid.
6. The test strip of claim 1, wherein the test strip comprises a plurality of test strips,
the first color development block is in a circular ring shape, and the second color development block is in a cross shape; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
the first color development block is positioned at the periphery of the second color development block.
7. The test strip of claim 1, further comprising:
and the annular sealing piece is positioned at the periphery of the first color development block and the second color development block and is used for protecting the first color development block and the second color development block from being polluted.
8. The test strip of claim 7, wherein the test strip comprises a plurality of test strips,
the annular seal is latex.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811261612.0A CN109444122B (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | Test paper |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811261612.0A CN109444122B (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | Test paper |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109444122A CN109444122A (en) | 2019-03-08 |
| CN109444122B true CN109444122B (en) | 2024-04-12 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811261612.0A Active CN109444122B (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | Test paper |
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| CN206515242U (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-09-22 | 长沙云知检信息科技有限公司 | Test paper detection card and test paper detecting system |
| JP6292647B1 (en) * | 2017-04-03 | 2018-03-14 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | Detection tool, method for manufacturing the same, and method for evaluating a test substance |
| CN207717627U (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-08-10 | 珠海科域生物工程股份有限公司 | A kind of fecal sample Test paper |
| CN209542461U (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-10-25 | 南通大学 | A kind of Test paper |
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