CN109458179B - Underground mechanized continuous mining method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a down-hole mechanical continuous mining method, according to the detection of the ore material component of the working face ore body, the mining ore wall of the working face is divided into different layered areas according to the ore material grade, then the mining ore wall of the working face is transversely divided into one or more working sections, when in mining, a drum-type mining machine is used for mining the working sections one by one from the initial end to the terminal end of the working face, the working sections are mined one by one from the high to the low according to the ore material grade in each working section, only the ore material with the lowest grade at the top and the bottom step are reserved in each working section, then the mining machine returns to the initial end from the terminal end, and the working sections with the lowest grade at the top and the bottom step by step are mined in one step in the process. The invention realizes the respective mining of different quality mineral aggregates in the same working face, greatly increases the mining profit, and particularly obviously improves the economical efficiency of mining hard and material with different grade levels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ore-breaking and ore-dressing method, which belongs to a method for continuously mining underground mines and can be used for underground mining of hard materials.
Background
The layered sublevel mining is provided in the field of surface mining, mainly aiming at thicker ore layers, because the quality of mineral materials in different sections of different ore layers is greatly different, the mineral material depletion rate is serious, the beneficial component extraction cost is high, the mining benefit is very low if the mineral materials are uniformly mixed and mined, and the benefits of enterprises can be greatly increased by performing differentiated mining and warehousing extraction on different sections of different layers.
The existing open-air layered sublevel mining is mainly completed by working face equipment such as a bucket, a shovel car and the like in cooperation with automobile transportation and the like, and has large space and easy operation. However, it is difficult to continuously mine the ore bodies of different grades in the working face by using a twin-drum mining machine under the condition of a long and narrow working face. The working face has variable ore layer distribution and complex structures in the top plate, the bottom plate and the ore layer, and the difficulty is increased for realizing the layered and sectional mining of the double-drum mining machine in a continuous mechanization manner.
Since the grade of the mineral aggregate determines the price of the mined mineral aggregate, and the high-quality mineral aggregate and the low-quality mineral aggregate have very large profit difference, how to pursue the high-quality mineral aggregate by the existing mining machine is a prominent problem in the mining under the mine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an underground mechanized continuous mining method, which can solve the problems of serious dilution and the like caused by mixing of different-grade mineral aggregates in an ore bed, maintain the original grades of the mineral aggregates with different qualities, particularly the original grade of high-grade mineral aggregates, and is favorable for realizing the maximization of profits.
The main technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for mechanical continuous mining under well includes dividing mining wall of working face into different layer areas according to grade of ore material, dividing mining wall of working face into one or more working sections, mining working sections one by one from beginning to end of working face by drum mining machine, and mining working sections one by one from high to low in each working section according to grade of ore material.
The determination of the zones and the working sections is preferably performed in the following manner: according to the different grade of the mineral aggregate, marking original blocks representing the occupied positions and areas of the mineral aggregate of each grade on the mining wall of the working face, dividing a plurality of original intervals by taking the vertical boundary of the original block corresponding to the mineral aggregate of the highest grade in the mining wall of the working face as a boundary line,
step 1) determining the priority level of each original interval: evaluating the highest mineral aggregate grade of mineral aggregates which can be mined in each original interval, and taking the highest mineral aggregate grade as the dominant grade of the original interval;
step 2) determining the area: in each original interval, when an original block with the mineral aggregate grade higher than the dominant grade exists, the original block is merged into the original block with the mineral aggregate grade equal to the dominant grade;
step 3) merging of original intervals: every two adjacent original intervals, the dominance levels of the two original intervals are the same or the dominance level of the former is higher than that of the latter, and the former contains original blocks with the mineral grade level being the same as that of the latter, the two original intervals are merged into one, and the same original interval is allowed to participate in merging which accords with the rule for many times, wherein the former and the latter are respectively close to the starting end and the terminal end of the working face;
step 4) determining the working section: and taking each interval obtained after the merging operation in the step 3) as each working section.
The mining machine reserves the top lowest grade mineral material and the bottom bench at least for the working section containing a plurality of regions corresponding to different grades of mineral material during mining from the beginning to the end, and the mining machine reserves working section by working section at a time during the return of the mining machine from the end of the working face to the beginning.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, by executing the layered and segmented mining process, the respective ore falling of different-quality mineral aggregates on the same working face is realized, the problems of serious dilution and the like caused by mixing of different-grade mineral aggregates on an ore layer can be well solved, and a practical and feasible way is provided for the improvement of the profit margin of underground mining.
According to the invention, by means of the front-back matching of the layering and segmenting mining process and the low-grade stoping process, the influence on the quality of the high-grade mineral aggregate caused by the mixing of the low-grade mineral aggregate in the mining process is further reduced, and the mining economic benefit is further improved.
The invention provides a method for dividing the mining ore wall section of the working face according to the grade of the ore material by analyzing the characteristics of the mining ore layer and the parameters of the mining equipment, which not only considers the natural distribution characteristics of the ore material, but also considers the mining economy and the profit maximization, provides basic conditions for the layered and sectional mining and is an important factor for showing the advantages of the layered and sectional mining.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic general construction of an example of a drum miner for use in mining using the method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the mining machine in relation to the face mining wall during mining using the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an overall production flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is one embodiment of a zone and block division process for face mining the mine wall prior to ore drawdown using the method of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a ore-breaking and ore-dressing process implemented by a layered segmentation and bottom-retained low-grade recovery process after the division process shown in fig. 4.
Reference numerals: 1. a body; 2. a cutting mechanism; 3. a drum; 4. a conveyor; 5. a support frame; 51. a telescopic beam; 52. a side protection plate; 9. a mining machine.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a down-hole mechanized continuous mining method, which is characterized in that according to the detection of the ore material components of an ore body in advance, the mining ore wall of a working face is divided into different layered areas (approximately in a transverse extending strip shape) according to the grade of the ore material, the layered areas conform to the natural characteristics of the distribution of the ore material, therefore, the layered areas are basically divided according to the natural distribution characteristics of the ore material, then, the mining ore wall of the working face is artificially and transversely divided into one or more working sections, and each working section is a small mining ore wall unit of the working face. When in mining, the drum-type mining machine 9 is used for cutting in from the initial end of the working face and advancing along the working face until the working face reaches the terminal end, and mining is carried out on working sections one by one, and mining is carried out on each working section one by one according to the sequence of the grade of the mineral aggregate from high to low.
The thickness of the seam and the drum diameter of the mining machine are specified such that mining of a single zone in each working section can be accomplished in one single pass of the mining machine, and can be accomplished in multiple single passes.
The invention divides the mining ore wall of the working face according to the grade of the ore material, carries out 'layered and sectional mining', can effectively solve the problems of serious dilution and the like caused by mixing of the ore materials with different qualities, can better keep the original grade of the ore materials with different qualities, particularly the original grade of the high-grade ore material, and is beneficial to realizing the maximization of profits.
The determination of the zones and the working sections is carried out by first performing a basic mineral aggregate differentiation: according to different grade of mineral aggregate, marking original blocks representing positions and areas occupied by the mineral aggregate of each grade on a mining wall of a working face, and dividing a plurality of original intervals by taking a vertical boundary of the original block corresponding to the mineral aggregate of the highest grade in the mining wall of the working face as a boundary line.
Transverse, vertical in this context means two directions perpendicular to each other in a plane parallel to the face mining wall, wherein transverse is parallel to the direction in which the miner walks along the face.
The first determination method of the region and the working section is as follows: and taking the original interval as the working segment, and taking each original block in the original interval as the area. The method is suitable for mining the mine wall of the working face with concentrated mineral aggregate distribution and thicker mineral seam of the same mineral aggregate grade, particularly higher mineral aggregate grade, or the condition that the requirement for grade differentiation is relatively loose. The most extreme case of the former is that the ore material in the whole working section has only one ore material grade.
The second determination method of the region and the working section may adopt the following four steps:
step 1) determining the priority level of each original interval: evaluating the highest mineral aggregate grade which can be actually mined in each original interval according to the diameter of a roller of the mining machine, wherein the highest mineral aggregate grade is taken as the dominant grade of the original interval;
step 2) determining the area: all the original blocks with the grade higher than and equal to the dominant grade of the mineral aggregate in each original interval are combined into one area;
step 3) merging of original intervals: every two adjacent original intervals, the dominance level of the two original intervals is the same or the dominance level of the next original interval is the same as any one level of the grade of the non-lowest ore material in the previous original interval, the two original intervals are merged into one, the same original interval is allowed to participate in the merging which accords with the rule for many times, wherein the former and the latter are respectively close to the initial end and the terminal end of the working face;
step 4) determining the working section: and taking each interval obtained after the merging operation in the step 3) as each working section. The dominance level of each working segment is consistent with the highest dominance level of a plurality of original intervals participating in combination.
Because mineral aggregate distribution has randomness, the situation that high-quality mineral aggregate layers are dispersed and the mineral aggregate layers are thin can be met in many times, and the roller with small enough diameter can only adopt the high-quality mineral aggregate and can not mix the low-quality mineral aggregate, namely, the natural characteristic of mineral aggregate distribution and the limitation of mining equipment determine that a part of the high-quality mineral aggregate is necessarily degraded to be exploited. By adopting the mode II to determine the area and the working section, original blocks which are inevitably degraded to be mined can be directly degraded and divided, and the more dispersed original blocks which are divided based on natural attributes become more concentrated by artificial merging and sorting which reflects mining economy evaluation, so that the frequency of switching among different ore material grade levels during mining based on the 'layered segmentation' process is reduced, more ore materials are mined once after switching, and the mining efficiency is higher. Therefore, the determination mode of the region and the working section has universality, and the natural characteristic of mineral aggregate distribution and the mining economy requirement are considered.
In the step 1), the method for evaluating the highest grade of the mineral aggregate which can be mined in each original interval comprises the following steps: for an original interval, if the diameter of the drum does not exceed the thickness of an original block with the highest grade of mineral aggregate, the highest grade of mineral aggregate which can be mined in the original interval is the grade of mineral aggregate of the original block, otherwise, specific accounting is needed to specifically calculate which grade of mineral aggregate the highest mixed mineral aggregate of different qualities can reach under the condition that a cutting area completely covers the original block with the highest grade of mineral aggregate when a single drum with the diameter is used for mining in the full diameter range.
The more high-quality mineral aggregates constituting the mixed mineral aggregate, the higher the grade of the mineral aggregate that can be achieved, and the more low-quality mineral aggregates constituting the mixed mineral aggregate, the lower the grade of the mineral aggregate that can be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the total content of each component in the mixed mineral aggregate or the ratio of each component to each other from the mining thickness of each of the mineral aggregates constituting the mixed mineral aggregate and the content of each effective material, and determine the highest grade of the mineral aggregate to which the mixed mineral aggregate belongs according to the set range of the grade of the mineral aggregate.
The above described downhole mechanized continuous production method may be further optimized from several aspects below, and these optimizations may be combined in any combination.
1. The diameter of the drum of the mining machine is preferably determined according to the standard that the maximum mineral material grade can be achieved within the permitted range of the diameter of the mating drum of the mining machine. Thus, when the mineral seam of the highest mineral grade is generally thin, for example, having a thickness near the lower end of the range of diameters of the matable drums, the diameter of the single drum is generally selected to be slightly less than the thickness of the original blocks of the most highest mineral grade, whereas when the mineral seam of the highest mineral grade is generally thick, it is likely that the diameter of the single drum will not exceed the thickness of the mineral seam of the highest mineral grade, and for a single unidirectional run to produce more mineral material, a slightly larger diameter drum will be selected, and it will be controlled that the size of the stack of drums in the elevation direction on the mining machine will not exceed the thickness of the original blocks of the most highest mineral grade. It should be noted that the selection of the diameter of the mating roller based on the above criteria may not be unique.
2. After the mining machine carries out one-time full mining on the current working face, the mining machine advances one step distance to the mining wall of the working face to prepare for mining of the next working face. The mineral aggregate component detection as a basis for dividing the mining wall of the working face into the regions and the working sections can be carried out once on one working face or once on a plurality of working faces, namely, the mining wall of each working face is divided into the layered regions and the working sections by jointly utilizing the mineral aggregate component detection result of the same ore body on the continuous working faces. If the mineral aggregate distribution has larger change, the number of the working faces sharing the mineral aggregate component detection result at one time can be changed at any time by increasing the mineral aggregate component detection times of the mineral aggregate and further refining the original areas and the working sections.
3. Preferably the beginning of the face is the end of the face which is closer to the region where the longer highest grade mineral material is located, i.e. the end from which the miner cuts into the seam. Because the mining machine needs a beveling process when entering the ore body, the mining machine is relatively long, and the longer end is selected as the cutting end, so that the grade of the high-grade ore material can be prevented from being damaged or reduced.
4. The grade of the mineral aggregate is mainly determined according to the quality requirement of the mined mineral aggregate, and is artificially defined for the quality of the mineral aggregate. The grade grades of the mineral aggregate are set to at least A, B, C grades, when only A, B, C grades exist, the grade A is the highest grade, the grade B is the middle grade, and the grade C is the lowest grade.
5. Preferably, a bottom-left low-grade recovery process is adopted in a matching manner: i.e. the mining machine keeps the top lowest grade mineral material and the bottom step E1 for at least the working section containing a plurality of zones corresponding to different grades of mineral material during mining from the beginning to the end, and the mining machine keeps mining the lowest grade mineral material one by one at a time during the return from the end to the beginning of the working face, achieving cutting and loading of the lowest grade mineral material. The mineral aggregate mined by the mining machine is transported out by the conveyor. The retained top lowest grade mineral material is typically all of the area at the top corresponding to the lowest grade mineral material.
The bottom step E1 is reserved to avoid low grade mineral material dross E2 left during mining in the previous stride from mixing into the high grade quality mineral material.
Since the ore material is generally naturally layered in the height direction (i.e., longitudinal direction) on the face mining wall according to grade, and generally, the ore material layer with higher grade is more concentrated in the middle of the face mining wall in the height direction, and the grade of the ore material layer is lower closer to the top and bottom of the face mining wall. The lowest-grade mineral aggregate at the top and the bottom steps are reserved, and in the process of mining the mining machine from the initial end to the terminal end of the working face, more is the switching from the mining of the low-grade mineral aggregate to the mining of the highest-grade mineral aggregate, and compared with the switching from the mining of the lowest-grade mineral aggregate to the mining of the highest-grade mineral aggregate, the influence of the mixing of the low-grade mineral aggregate in the high-grade mineral aggregate on the reduction of the quality of the high-grade mineral aggregate in the loading and transmission processes of the mineral aggregate is smaller.
For a working section containing only one zone corresponding to the lowest grade of mineral material, the top lowest grade mineral material and the bottom step may or may not be retained.
Further, the height of the bottom step is preferably determined with reference to the height of the conveyor ledge, and is, for example, arbitrarily set within a range of floating up and down by 20% with the height of the conveyor ledge as a center, preferably equal to or close to the height of the conveyor ledge. The height of the conveyor ledge is about 300mm, and the height of the bottom step can be preferably 250 mm and 350 mm.
The height of the bottom step retained by the different stages may be different but in most cases is uniform.
In the case of a "low-end-left mining" process, it is preferred to reserve such areas in each working section one at a time to mine from the working face end to the beginning when the thickness of the area immediately adjacent to the lowest level of mineral material on the top or the non-lowest level of mineral material on the bottom bench is less than 10% of the diameter of the drum. The method is equivalent to enlarging the range of recovery. Mining mixed with the top lowest grade ore or bottom bench has little economic impact due to the thinness of the respective area and the fact that the top lowest grade ore or bottom bench is typically the lowest grade ore. On the other hand, the method has positive significance because the number of times of the mining machine retreating in one working section is reduced, and the production efficiency can be obviously improved.
6. Remove the mining machine, still preferably be equipped with the conveyer, the racking machine and the feed bin of unloading, the mining machine carries out the cut, breakage to mineral aggregate to with the blanking propelling movement conveyer, the racking machine setting of unloading is at the end of conveyer, the racking machine of unloading has multi-angle positioner, after receiving the different grade grades mineral aggregate that comes from the working face, through the lane butt joint of adjustment multi-angle positioner's short road and different feed bins, the mineral aggregate of realization different grade grades gets into corresponding feed bin and stores.
When the mining machine is to switch from mining in an area with one mineral material grade to mining in an area with another mineral material grade, the mining machine firstly sends a mining preparation signal corresponding to the other mineral material grade to a centralized control center, the centralized control center sends a sub-packaging signal to a discharging sub-packaging machine positioned at the tail end of a conveyor and sends a permission signal to the mining machine after receiving the mining preparation signal, the control content of the sub-packaging signal is to ensure that the sub-packaging machine switches a discharge port to be in butt joint with a storage bin with another mineral material grade after a certain time delay, and the mining machine starts to mine the area with another mineral material grade after receiving the permission signal.
The centralized control center is used for coordinately controlling the mining machine, the conveyor and the unloading and sub-packaging machine, so that the sub-transportation and sub-packaging after the layered and segmented mining are realized, and the quality of the mineral aggregates with different grade grades, particularly the high-grade mineral aggregates, is practically ensured.
Fig. 1 shows an example of a type of construction of the drum miner, which includes a machine body 1, two cutting mechanisms 2 on the left and right, and two drums 3 on the left and right. The rollers are correspondingly arranged at one end of the cutting mechanism, and the driving and transmission structures of the rollers are arranged on the cutting mechanism. The drum is fixed to rotate, and the cutting teeth on the drum cut and crush the mineral aggregate. When the linear speed of the cutting teeth is kept in a lower range, the cutting tooth is suitable for cutting hard mineral aggregate. The other end of the cutting mechanism is arranged on the machine body in an angle-adjustable manner. The height of the drum can be changed by adjusting the angle of the cutting mechanism relative to the machine body, so that mineral aggregate cutting operation with different heights can be performed.
The present invention relates to a method for continuous mining of underground machinery, which is not limited to the specific drum mining machine, such as the number of cutting mechanisms, the diameter of the drum, etc.
In down hole mining using the method of the invention, the miner is positioned above the conveyor 4, below the support 5, and is laid down linearly along the face (extending perpendicular to the page), and rides along the conveyor, as shown in figure 2. The mineral aggregate mined by the mining machine falls into the conveyor and is transported away by the conveyor at any time. The roof at the supporting top of the supporting frame provides space and protection for the running of the mining machine, the top of the supporting frame is supported by the telescopic beam 51 and the side protection plate 52, the falling of impurities such as broken stones on the roof is prevented from affecting the grade of mineral aggregate, meanwhile, the roof is supported on the mine wall, and the safety of the mining machine for walking is guaranteed. The conveyor is a scraper conveyor. When mining of one face is completed, the miner, conveyor, and support frame are all moved one step toward the face for mining the wall in preparation for mining of the next face.
According to the invention, through actual detection of the components of the mineral aggregate on the working face and marking of the distribution conditions of the mineral aggregates with different qualities before mining, the mining wall on the working face is divided into areas based on the mineral aggregate quality, and then the processes of 'layered and segmented mining' and 'low-grade mining' are developed on the basis of the areas, so that the respective ore falling of the mineral aggregates with different qualities on the same working face is realized, and the maximization of economic benefits is favorably realized. The improvement of economic benefit brought by the differentiation of the quality of the mineral aggregate is particularly remarkable in the aspect of hard material mining.
The following describes the implementation of the mechanized continuous mining method in a well with reference to fig. 3, 4 and 5 by taking a working face ore body as an example.
1. And setting the grade of the mineral aggregate. According to the requirement of the grade of the mineral aggregate, three grades are set, wherein A grade is the highest grade, B grade is the middle grade, and C grade is the lowest grade.
2. And (4) detecting the components of the mineral aggregate and marking and distinguishing the grade of the mineral aggregate. Firstly, detecting the mineral aggregate components of the working face, and then marking original blocks representing the positions and areas occupied by the mineral aggregates of all the mineral aggregate grade levels on the mining ore wall of the working face according to the different grade levels of the mineral aggregates. It will be appreciated that not all parts of the mineral aggregate can be very clearly classified as to which grade of mineral aggregate, and therefore the division of the original blocks is based on a rough division which is acceptable to the exact extent required in practice.
3. In (a) of fig. 4, I represents the highest grade of mineral aggregate existing in the mining wall of the working face, i.e. the original block corresponding to the grade a mineral aggregate, and 7 original intervals ① - ⑦ are divided by taking the vertical boundary of the original block corresponding to the grade a mineral aggregate as a boundary line, wherein the highest grade grades of the mineral aggregate naturally existing in each original interval are grade a, grade B, grade a, grade B and grade a.
The A level is generally distributed with larger thickness in the middle, and B level ore layers are arranged above and below the A level, and C level ore layers are arranged near the top and bottom of the A level, the A level is generally centered and is above or below, such as the original blocks I in the original regions ①, ⑤ and ⑦, but a thinning isolated state can also occur sometimes, such as the original block I in the original region ③, and a section of the A level ore layer which does not exist and only exists in the B level and C level ore layers can also occur sometimes, such as the original region ⑥, wherein the B level ore layer is above and the C level ore layer is below.
4. And in the allowable diameter range of the matched roller of the mining machine, selecting the roller with the diameter slightly smaller than the thickness of each original block corresponding to the grade A mineral aggregate in the original sections ①, ⑤ and ⑦, so that the mineral aggregate obtained when the roller is cut into the original blocks I of the original sections ①, ⑤ and ⑦ is not mixed with other low-grade mineral aggregate, thereby ensuring the grade A of the mineral aggregate and maximizing the grade A mineral aggregate obtained when possible.
5. And determining the priority level of each original interval. And evaluating the highest grade of the mineral aggregate which can be mined in each original interval, and taking the highest grade of the mineral aggregate as the dominant grade of the original interval. That is, the dominance level of an original interval is the highest mineral grade of the mineral aggregate that can be actually obtained by the mining equipment with specific configuration parameters and capabilities in the original interval.
In the case of considering the diameter of the drum, the highest grade of the mineral aggregate that can be mined in the original sections ①, ⑤ and ⑦ is class a, and therefore the priority class of the original sections ①, ⑤ and ⑦ is class a, similarly, the highest grade of the mineral aggregate that naturally exists in the original sections ⑤ 0 and ⑤ 1 is class B, and the diameter of the drum does not exceed the thickness of the original block corresponding to the class B mineral aggregate in the original sections ⑤ 2 and ⑤ 3, and therefore, in the case of considering the diameter of the drum, it is determined that the highest grade of the mineral aggregate that can be mined in the original sections ② and ④ is class B, and therefore, the dominant grade of the original sections ② and ④ is class B.
According to the thickness of the original block corresponding to the grade A mineral aggregate and the diameter of the roller, the minimum thickness of the mixed grade B mineral aggregate can be known, the specific quality condition of the mineral aggregate under the condition of the optimal quality of the mining mineral aggregate can be calculated through the thickness ratio of the grade A mineral aggregate and the grade B mineral aggregate, and then the mineral aggregate does not meet the grade A mineral aggregate standard but meets the grade B mineral aggregate standard through comparing with the preset quality standard range corresponding to each grade level of the mineral aggregate, so that the highest grade of the mineral aggregate which can be actually mined in the original interval ③ is grade B rather than grade A, and therefore, the optimum grade of the original interval ③ is grade B.
In the original interval ⑥, the original block with the highest grade of the naturally occurring mineral aggregate is the original block corresponding to the B-grade mineral aggregate close to the upper part, however, since the diameter of the roller exceeds the thickness of the B-grade mineral aggregate, the mineral aggregate with the grade C of the lower original block is inevitably mixed in during mining, similarly, the specific quality condition of the mineral aggregate under the condition of the best quality of the mined mineral aggregate can be calculated by the thickness ratio of the B-grade mineral aggregate and the C-grade mineral aggregate, and then the mineral aggregate standard of which grade is met is judged by comparing the specific quality condition with the quality standard range corresponding to each preset grade level of the mineral aggregate, in the embodiment, the judgment result is that the mineral aggregate does not meet the grade B mineral aggregate standard, and meets the grade C mineral aggregate standard, so the highest grade of the mineral aggregate capable of being mined in the original interval ⑥ is grade C instead of grade, and therefore, the dominant grade of the original interval ⑥ is grade C.
In summary, the dominant ranks of the original intervals ① - ⑦ are respectively class A, class B, class A, class C, and class A, the determination of the dominant ranks provides a basis for the next step of determining whether compatible mining is required (embodied by the combination of the original blocks and the original intervals).
6. The merging rules of the original blocks are that in each original interval, when an original block with the mineral aggregate grade higher than the dominant grade exists, the original block with the mineral aggregate grade equal to the dominant grade is merged into the original block with the mineral aggregate grade equal to the dominant grade, the original blocks meeting the situation in the 7 original intervals are ③ and ⑥, the dominant grade of the original interval ③ is B grade, the original block I with the mineral aggregate grade of A grade in ③ is merged into the original block with the mineral aggregate grade of B grade, the merging effect is that the original block I with the mineral aggregate grade of A grade is lowered into B grade and is mined simultaneously with the original block with the mineral aggregate grade of B grade, the dominant grade of the original interval ⑥ is C grade, the original block with the mineral aggregate grade of B grade in ⑥ is merged into the original block with the mineral aggregate grade of C grade, and the merged original block is shown in a graph (B) of the original block with the mineral aggregate grade of B grade and the original block of C grade.
7. And obtaining the working section by combining the original intervals. The merging rule of the original interval is: every two adjacent original intervals have the same dominance level or the dominance level of the two original intervals is higher than that of the former original interval, and the former original interval contains original blocks with the same mineral grade level as that of the latter original block, and the two original intervals are combined into one original interval. While allowing the same original interval to participate in multiple merges that meet the above rules. The former and the latter are distinguished by taking the two ends of the working surface as reference and respectively approaching the initial end and the final end of the working surface.
The dominant grades of the adjacent original intervals ②, ③ and ③ 1 are all B grades, and are merged according to the above rule, in the adjacent original intervals ① and ②, the dominant grade of the previous original interval ① is A grade, which is higher than the dominant grade of the next original interval ②, and the previous original interval ① contains an original block whose mineral grade is B grade, and is also in accordance with the above rule, so that merging is performed, so that the adjacent original intervals ①, ②, ③ 0 and ④ are all merged together to become a working segment D1, and the original intervals ③ 2, ③ 3 and ③ 4 do not accord with the above merging rule, and the effect after merging the original intervals directly serving as the working segments D2, D3 and D4. is shown as (c) in FIG. 4.
8. Mining is carried out according to the technology of 'layered segmentation, bottom-retained low-grade recovery'.
(1) As shown in fig. 5, the greater length of the a1 region in section D10 facilitates the cutting of the miner into the ore body, so with the end of the face near the a1 region as the starting end, the miner is pushed along with the conveyor into the mine wall side. The mining machine firstly sends an A-level mineral aggregate mining preparation signal to the centralized control center, the centralized control center sends an A-level mineral aggregate split-charging signal to the unloading split-charging machine positioned at the tail end of the conveyor after receiving the signal and sends an A-level mineral aggregate mining permission signal to the mining machine, the mining machine starts to perform blanking and charging on the area A1 after receiving the permission signal from the centralized control center, and mining of the A-level mineral aggregate in the D1 working section is achieved.
(2) After mining in the area A1 is completed, the mining machine retreats to the initial position (namely the initial end of the working face) of the working section D1, and during the retreating process, the floating materials of high-quality mineral materials are preferably thoroughly cleaned and completely loaded, so that the recovery rate is improved. The mining machine sends a B-level mineral aggregate mining preparation signal to the centralized control center, the centralized control center receives the signal and then sends a B-level mineral aggregate split-charging signal to the unloading split-charging machine positioned at the tail end of the conveyor and sends a B-level mineral aggregate mining permission signal to the mining machine, and after the mining machine receives the permission signal from the centralized control center, the mining machine starts blanking and charging of B1 and A11, and mining of B-level mineral aggregates in a D1 working section is achieved.
During this time, the zone C1 corresponding to the lowest grade mineral material at the top (grade C mineral material in this example) and the bottom bench, which is generally at a height similar to the conveyor ledge, are retained, here the bench is 300mm high.
(3) The mining machine sends an A-level mineral aggregate mining preparation signal to the centralized control center, the centralized control center receives the signal and then sends an A-level mineral aggregate subpackaging signal to the unloading and subpackaging machine positioned at the tail end of the conveyor and sends an A-level mineral aggregate mining permission signal to the mining machine, and the mining machine starts blanking and charging of the area A2 after receiving the permission signal from the centralized control center, so that mining of the A-level mineral aggregate in the D2 working section is realized.
(4) After mining in the a2 area is complete, the miner is returned to the starting position in section D2. The mining machine sends a B-level mineral aggregate mining preparation signal to the centralized control center, the centralized control center receives the signal and then sends a B-level mineral aggregate split-charging signal to the unloading split-charging machine positioned at the tail end of the conveyor and sends a B-level mineral aggregate mining permission signal to the mining machine, and after the mining machine receives the permission signal from the centralized control center, the mining machine starts to discharge and charge a B2 area in a D2 working section, so that mining of B-level mineral aggregates in a D2 working section is realized.
During which the zone C2 corresponding to the lowest grade mineral material at the top (grade C mineral material in this example) and the bottom step remain, the height of the bottom step remaining at 300 mm.
(5) The mining machine sends a C-level mineral aggregate mining preparation signal to the centralized control center, the centralized control center receives the signal and then sends a C-level mineral aggregate split-charging signal to the unloading split-charging machine positioned at the tail end of the conveyor and sends a C-level mineral aggregate mining permission signal to the mining machine, and after the mining machine receives the permission signal from the centralized control center, the mining machine starts to discharge and charge B3 and C3 areas in a D3 working section, so that mining of C-level mineral aggregates in a D3 working section is realized.
During which the zone corresponding to the lowest grade of mineral material at the top (in this example, grade C mineral material) and the bottom step remain, the height of the bottom step still remaining 300 mm. In fact, since the dominant grade of the working section is the lowest grade, there is no mixing of low-grade mineral material into high-grade mineral material, so that the working section can be mined without leaving a bottom step.
(6) The mining machine sends an A-level mineral aggregate mining preparation signal to the centralized control center, the centralized control center receives the signal and then sends an A-level mineral aggregate subpackaging signal to the unloading and subpackaging machine positioned at the tail end of the conveyor and sends an A-level mineral aggregate mining permission signal to the mining machine, and the mining machine starts blanking and charging of the area A4 after receiving the permission signal from the centralized control center, so that mining of the A-level mineral aggregate in the D4 working section is realized.
(7) The mining machine sends a B-level mineral aggregate mining preparation signal to the centralized control center, the centralized control center receives the signal and then sends a B-level mineral aggregate split-charging signal to the unloading split-charging machine positioned at the tail end of the conveyor and sends a B-level mineral aggregate mining permission signal to the mining machine, and after the mining machine receives the permission signal from the centralized control center, the mining machine starts to discharge and charge a B4 area in a D4 working section, so that mining of B-level mineral aggregates in a D4 working section is realized.
During which the zone corresponding to the lowest grade of mineral material at the top (in this case grade C) and the bottom step C4 remain, the height of the bottom step remaining at 300 mm.
(8) The mining machine sends a C-level mineral aggregate mining preparation signal to the centralized control center, the centralized control center receives the signal and then sends a C-level mineral aggregate subpackage signal to an unloading and subpackaging machine positioned at the tail end of the conveyor and sends a C-level mineral aggregate mining permission signal to the mining machine, after the mining machine receives the permission signal from the centralized control center, the mining machine walks from the terminal end of the working face to the initial end and recovers the reserved top C-level area and the reserved bottom step in front. The mining machine completes the mining of one working face from the beginning end to the end of the working face and then from the end to the beginning end.
(9) And moving equipment such as a mining machine, a conveyor, a support frame and the like by a step distance towards the mine wall, and mining the next working face according to the layered segmentation and bottom-left low-grade mining process.
According to the underground mechanical continuous mining method, the ore body is distinguished according to the actual detection of the ore materials on the working face before mining and the marks of the ore body according to the grade of the ore materials, and the mining machine is used for carrying out layered and sectional mining on the ore materials with different grades, so that the independent ore falling of the ore materials with different qualities on the same working face is realized, and the quality of the ore materials is ensured. The method creates conditions for subsequent distribution and sub-packaging to further realize remarkable improvement of exploitation profit, and provides possibility, and the method has remarkable improvement effect particularly on the economy of exploitation of hard materials.
Claims (12)
1. A down-hole mechanical continuous mining method is characterized in that according to the detection of ore body ore material components, a working face mining ore wall is divided into different layered areas according to ore material grade, then the working face mining ore wall is transversely divided into one or more working sections, a drum type mining machine is used for mining the working sections one by one from the beginning end to the terminal end of the working face during mining, mining areas by one from high to low according to the ore material grade in each working section, and the areas and the working sections are determined in the following mode: according to the different grade of the mineral aggregate, marking original blocks representing the occupied positions and areas of the mineral aggregate of each grade on the mining wall of the working face, dividing a plurality of original intervals by taking the vertical boundary of the original block corresponding to the mineral aggregate of the highest grade in the mining wall of the working face as a boundary line,
the first method is as follows: taking the original interval as the working segment, and taking each original block in the original interval as the area; or,
the second method comprises the following steps: step 1) determining the priority level of each original interval: evaluating the highest mineral aggregate grade of mineral aggregates which can be mined in each original interval, and taking the highest mineral aggregate grade as the dominant grade of the original interval;
step 2) determining the area: in each original interval, when an original block with the mineral aggregate grade higher than the dominant grade exists, the original block is merged into the original block with the mineral aggregate grade equal to the dominant grade;
step 3) merging of original intervals: the merging rule is that every two adjacent original intervals have the same dominance level or have the dominance level higher than that of the former and the former contains original blocks with the same mineral grade as that of the latter, the two original intervals are merged into one, and the same original interval is allowed to participate in merging which accords with the rule for many times, wherein the former and the latter are respectively close to the starting end and the terminal end of a working face;
step 4) determining the working section: and taking each interval obtained after the merging operation in the step 3) as each working section.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of assessing the highest grade of mineral material that can be mined in each of the original intervals comprises: for an original interval, if the diameter of the roller does not exceed the thickness of an original block with the highest mineral aggregate grade, the highest mineral aggregate grade which can be mined in the original interval is the mineral aggregate grade of the original block, otherwise, under the condition that a cutting area completely covers the original block with the highest mineral aggregate grade when a single roller with the diameter is used for mining, the highest mineral aggregate grade of the obtained mixed mineral aggregates with different qualities can be reached.
3. A method of mechanized continuous mining downhole according to claim 2, wherein the diameter of the drum of the mining machine is determined according to a standard that enables maximum mineral material of the highest mineral material grade to be obtained within the allowable range of the diameter of the mating drum of the mining machine.
4. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the miner advances one step towards the face wall after a full face is mined, to prepare for mining of the next face, and one or more of the faces in succession together use the same mineral aggregate composition detection result to divide the stratified regions and the working sections of each face wall.
5. A method of mechanized continuous mining according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the one of the two ends of the face near the area of the longer highest grade mineral material is the start of the face.
6. The method of mechanized continuous mining according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the grade of the mineral aggregate is set to include at least A, B, C grades, and when there are only A, B, C grades, the grade A is the highest grade, the grade B is the middle grade, and the grade C is the lowest grade.
7. A method of mechanized continuous mining downhole according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the mining machine is mining from the beginning to the end, leaving the top lowest grade mineral material and the bottom bench at least for the working section containing therein a plurality of zones corresponding to different grade grades of mineral material, and leaving the mining machine to mine from the end to the beginning of the face one working section at a time.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the height of the bottom bench is within a range of 20% of the height of the conveyor ledge.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein in each segment, when the thickness of the region of non-lowest grade of mineral material immediately adjacent the top lowest grade or bottom step is less than 10% of the diameter of the drum, it is retained for mining segment by segment at a time during the return of the miner from the terminal end to the initial end of the face.
10. The method of claim 4, wherein the miner reserves a top lowest grade mineral material and a bottom bench for at least the working section containing a plurality of regions corresponding to different grades of mineral material during mining from the beginning to the end, and leaves the miner for mining one working section at a time from the end of the face back to the beginning.
11. The method of claim 5, wherein the miner reserves a top lowest grade mineral material and a bottom bench for at least the working section containing a plurality of regions corresponding to different grades of mineral material during mining from the beginning to the end, and leaves the miner for mining one working section at a time from the end of the face back to the beginning.
12. The method of claim 6, wherein the miner reserves a top lowest grade mineral material and a bottom bench for at least the working section containing a plurality of regions corresponding to different grades of mineral material during mining from the beginning to the end, and leaves the miner for mining one working section at a time from the end of the face back to the beginning.
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Application publication date: 20190312 Assignee: CHINA COAL TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING GROUP SHANGHAI Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Tiandi Shanghai Excavating Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2023110000134 Denomination of invention: Underground mechanized continuous mining method Granted publication date: 20200508 License type: Common License Record date: 20231102 |