CN109581580A - A kind of fiber bragg grating device based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber - Google Patents
A kind of fiber bragg grating device based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
- G02B6/02323—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. photonic band gap guiding
- G02B6/02328—Hollow or gas filled core
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/0208—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response
- G02B6/02085—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response characterised by the grating profile, e.g. chirped, apodised, tilted, helical
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/0208—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response
- G02B6/02085—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response characterised by the grating profile, e.g. chirped, apodised, tilted, helical
- G02B6/02095—Long period gratings, i.e. transmission gratings coupling light between core and cladding modes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/023—Microstructured optical fibre having different index layers arranged around the core for guiding light by reflection, i.e. 1D crystal, e.g. omniguide
- G02B6/02304—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. air filled, hollow core
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/0208—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response
- G02B6/02085—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response characterised by the grating profile, e.g. chirped, apodised, tilted, helical
- G02B2006/0209—Helical, chiral gratings
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of fiber bragg grating devices based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber.It is characterized in that: the device is mainly made of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber 1；Wherein the optical fiber mainly includes the airport 2 of periodic distribution, Hollow core 3 and one or more layers microwell array 4 for surrounding Hollow core 3, by way of heating on microwell array 4 fabrication cycle micro- deformation 5, by controlling on time and spatial position around the amount of spin of optical fiber central axis line (or other off-axis lines for being parallel to central axes) and along the translational movement in optical fiber central axis line direction, the micro- deformation of periodicity of a variety of different structures can be produced, form fiber bragg grating device 6, light wave modulation is conducted to hollow-core photonic crystal fiber 1 to realize, realize light filter function.The present invention can be used for the fields such as optic communication, light filtering, light sensing, have many advantages, such as that performance is stablized, flexible structure.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fiber bragg grating devices based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, can be used for optic communication, light filter
Wave, light sensing etc., belong to technical field of optical fiber.Have many advantages, such as that performance is stablized, flexible structure.
(2) background technique
Fiber grating is that a kind of parameters such as the refractive index, shape, stress for making fiber length by certain method occur
Periodic modulation and the diffraction grating formed, are a kind of passive filtering devices.The principle of short cycle fiber grating is: when a branch of
When wide spectrum light passes through fiber grating, Mode Coupling will be generated, the wavelength for meeting fiber grating Bragg condition will generate instead
It penetrates, remaining wavelength continues to transmit through fiber grating.And the principle of long-period gratings is: when a beam of broad spectrum light passes through light
When fine grating, coupled between the core mode of onwards transmission and the high-order cladding mode of each order in the same direction, since its is right
It conducts light field and carries out periodic modulation, make basic mode and high-order mode that energy conversion, high-order occur in the case where meeting condition of resonance
Mould is attenuated after transmitting a distance, forms loss peak.Since grating fibers have, small in size, splice loss, splice attenuation is small, complete
It is compatible with optical fiber, the advantages that intellectual material can be embedded to, and its resonance wavelength is to external worlds such as temperature, strain, refractive index, concentration
The variation of environment is more sensitive, therefore is widely used in fiber optic communication and sensory field.
Preparation method based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber grating has very much.Most common uv-exposure technical requirements exist
To enhance its light sensitivity, Jeremy Flannery et al. is based on this technology and proposes two kinds of hollows the rare earth doped element of fibre core
Photonic crystal fiber grating wiring method (Flannery, J., et al.Optical Materials Express, 2017,7
(4), 1198-1210): one is based on coating photoresist in fibre core inner wall, another kind be at one of photonic crystal region or
Ultraviolet sensitivity epoxy resin is filled in multiple holes, and fiber grating is formed with periodic ultra-violet curing.However, this mode needs
Coating is added in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber or potting resin, complex manufacturing process, temperature stability are poor.S.Savin
Et al. (Savin, S., et al.Optics letters, 2000,25 (10), 710-712) propose using mechanical stress come
The method for making long-period fiber grating, but the optical grating construction that this method is formed can occur with being used for multiple times for a long time
Change, stability is bad.N.Groothoff et al. (Groothoff, N., et al.Optics Letters, 2003,28
(4), 233-235) using the method for two-photon absorption, photonic crystal fiber short-period grating, the method are written on pure silicon fibre core
To writing, environmental requirement processed is higher.Patent of invention (CN201410173103.8) proposes a kind of based on the swollen of photonic crystal fiber
Swollen type period optical fiber grating and preparation method thereof, this method pass through the fabrication cycle on the covering airport of photonic crystal fiber
Property expansion structure form long-period fiber grating, however since this mode is expanded for entire covering, because
This deformation quantity is larger, cannot form finer optical grating construction.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is added by the structure of design hollow-core photonic crystal fiber around Hollow core
Microwell array, do not need to carry out coating in the optical fiber prepared or padding, optical fiber structure be more stable；It can adopt
The inscription that fiber bragg grating device is realized with the mode of laser writing, not vulnerable to outer during actually using the fiber grating
Boundary's environment influences, and since deformation quantity of the micropore on fiber lengths can be write with very little (being less than micropore size magnitude)
Enter the grating with finer space structure；Further, since the number of plies of micropore, hole span than etc. parameters to conduction light field
Highly significant is influenced, therefore a variety of different hollow-core photonic crystal fibers can be gone out according to these parameter designings, takes and different swashs
Photoetching WriteMode can inscribe out a plurality of types of fiber bragg grating devices, have great flexibility.
(3) summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on the fiber bragg grating device of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber and its preparation side
Method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The fiber bragg grating device is mainly made of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber 1；Wherein the optical fiber mainly includes
Airport 2, Hollow core 3 and the one layer of microwell array 4 around Hollow core 3 of periodic distribution, due to Hollow core 3
It destroys the periodic structure of airport 2 with microwell array 4, forms defect, make light wave that can be limited in Hollow core 3 and micro-
Stablize transmission in 4 region of hole array；In this way, to pressure control is implemented in Hollow core 3 and microwell array 4, so that it may be gathered with strong
Burnt laser beam heats microwell array 4 forms micro- deformation 5 in heating region, and such heating process can be produced the period repeatedly
Property micro- deformation structure and then form fiber bragg grating device 6, light wave modulation is conducted to hollow-core photonic crystal fiber 1 to realize,
Realize light filter function.
The preparation step of the fiber bragg grating device is: (1) Hollow core and micropore in add positive pressure (or negative pressure),
Micropore is heated using strong-focusing laser beam, under the effect of the pressure, the heating region micropore hair near laser beam foucing
Raw expansion (or collapsing)；(2) (or central axes are parallel to around optical fiber central axis line by controlling on time and spatial position
Other off-axis lines) amount of spin and translational movement along optical fiber central axis line direction, the period of a variety of different structures can be produced
Property micro- deformation, form fiber bragg grating device.
Below by by taking the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber with one layer of microwell array as an example, elaborate based on air-core photonic
The fiber grating working principle of crystal optical fibre.In cylindrical coordinates (r, φ, z), the hollow photon crystal with one layer of microwell array
Cross section of optic fibre index distribution can be equivalently represented as follows:
In formula (1), Δ n is refractive index modulation size, ks=2 π/ΛsFor the torsion rate (Λ of optical fibersFor spiral grating
Screw pitch), kt=2 π/ΛtFor the structure change rate (Λ of optical fiber longitudinal directiontFor modulation period, refer mainly to by periodically collapse/it is swollen
The cycle length of swollen structure).Work as ks=0 and ktWhen ≠ 0, optical fiber is periodic expansion (such as Fig. 2 (a)) or periodically collapses
Structure (see Fig. 2 (b)).Significantly, since the size very little of micropore, therefore this periodic expansion or it is collapsed upon light
Deformation quantity in fine length can be with very little (being less than micropore size magnitude, as shown in Fig. 2 (a) and (b)), and can be written into has more
Add the fiber grating of fine space structure.The equivalent refractive index of this cyclic deformation structure is distributed are as follows:
Work as ks≠ 0 and ktWhen=0, optical fiber is periodic spin optical grating construction, equivalent refractive index distribution are as follows:
In addition, ρ and w respectively indicate micropore deformation structure profile function constant term and high-order it is micro- around item.Here, it takes turns
The Fourier expansion of wide function is as follows:
Here,
In formula (5), r (θ) is actual three holes profile (covering) shape function of optical fiber.In this way, utilizing formula (5)
The Fourier expansion coefficient of the fiber profile shape can be calculated, and then represents the folding of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber
Penetrate the series expansion of rate modulation function.
Compared with traditional hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF), increase after the micropore of Hollow core in hollow PCF,
Micropore and Hollow core destroy the periodic structure of airport jointly, and photon band gap is made defect occur, therefore hollow photon crystal
The Energy distribution of optical fiber is changed: the light wave of traditional hollow PCF largely transmits in fibre core, accordingly even when write-in light
Fine grating device, due to influence very little of the fiber bragg grating device to mould field of write-in, modulation capability is very weak；And hollow PCF
In light wave can be limited in Hollow core and micro-porous area stablize transmission, so the fiber grating inscribed on micropore can
To reach stronger modulation effect.Comparison diagram 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) it is apparent that, the size of each micropore of microwell array
Clearly, before collapsing, micropore has more light field energy after collapsing for the influence of (before and after micropore is collapsed) to transmission light field
Amount is distributed in the micro-porous area around hollow, embodies microwell array to the modulating action of transmission light field.
For long-period fiber grating, following grating condition formula can be obtained by angular momentum and the conservation of energy:
Here, MjAnd MkThe azimuth number of respectively mode j and mode k, βjAnd βkThe respectively biography of mode j and mode k
Defeated constant.Work as ks=0 and ktWhen ≠ 0, optical fiber is collapsed for periodicity or expansion structure；In formula (7), optical fiber is due to only
In the longitudinal direction by refractive index modulation cos (ktZ), it is not modulated horizontally, therefore kx=kt, m=0, n=1.?
That is fiber core basic mode transmission βcoWith cladding mode transmission constant betaclMeet following relationship :-βco+βcl+kt=0.Light
Long and slender core basic mode LP01With covering LP0nMode intercouples, and realizes long-period fiber grating function.On the other hand, work as ks≠
0 and ktWhen=0, optical fiber is periodical Torsion coil structure；In formula (7), optical fiber is due to spiral index distribution cos
[m(φ-ksZ)], longitudinally and transversely on have modulation, therefore kx=ks.That is, fiber core basic mode transmission
βcoWith cladding mode transmission constant betaclMeet following relationship :-βco+βcl+nks=0.By the conservation of angular momentum it is found that fiber core base
Mould LP01With covering LPnmMode intercouples, and realizes long-period fiber grating function.
(4) Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of fiber bragg grating device schematic diagram based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber.
Fig. 2 is micropore deformation emulating figure: (a) periodic expansion structure；(b) periodical structure of collapsing.
Fig. 3 is hollow-core photonic crystal fiber transmission light field distribution map: before (a) microwell array is collapsed；(b) microwell array collapses
After contracting.
Fig. 4 is that hollow-core photonic crystal fiber prepares schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that the fiber grating based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber prepares schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the fiber grating schematic diagram based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber: (a) common periodic fiber grating； (b)
Helical Fiber grating；(c) inclined optical fiber grating.
Fig. 7 is the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber schematic diagram with multi-layer microporous array.
Fig. 8 is the temperature sensing schematic diagram of the fiber bragg grating device based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber.
(5) specific embodiment
It illustrates with reference to the accompanying drawing and the present invention is described in more detail:
In conjunction with Fig. 1, embodiment of the present invention has a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber 1, which mainly includes periodicity
Airport 2, Hollow core 3 and the one layer of microwell array 4 around Hollow core 3 of distribution, due to Hollow core 3 and micropore
Array 4 destroys the periodic structure of airport 2, forms defect, makes light wave that can be limited in Hollow core 3 and microwell array 4
Stablize transmission in region；In this way, to pressure control is implemented in Hollow core 3 and microwell array 4, so that it may use strong-focusing laser
Shu Jiare microwell array 4 forms micro- deformation 5 in heating region, and such heating process can produce periodically micro- shape repeatedly
Structure changes and then formation fiber bragg grating device 6.After wide spectrum optical 7 is injected into hollow-core photonic crystal fiber 1, in fiber grating 6
Periodic modulation effect under, Hollow core 3 transmit core mode meeting and in the same direction each order high-order cladding mode between into
Row coupling makes core mode and high-order cladding mode that energy conversion, high-order cladding mode occur in the case where meeting condition of resonance
It is attenuated after transmitting a distance, output loss spectrum 8, realizes loss-type light filter function.If the fiber grating device
Part is influenced by external environment parameter (such as refractive index, stress, temperature), and the periodic deformation 5 of fiber grating 6 can be sent out
Raw a certain amount of variation, and then realize the drift of the loss peak position of output loss spectrum 8, in this way, passing through peak position
The size of the variable quantity of mobile just detectable environment, realizes light sensing function.
The preparation process of fiber bragg grating device based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber can be divided into following two step (see figure
4- Fig. 5):
Step 1, hollow-core photonic crystal fiber are prepared (see Fig. 4).(1) according to the hole of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber
Pure quartz or doping thin-wall tube 9 are placed on the wire-drawer-tower with high-cleanness, high by span ratio, reasonable control wire drawing furnace temperature,
Quartz ampoule gives the parameters such as speed, capillary draw rate, and thin-walled quartz ampoule is drawn into pure quartz or doping quartz capillary
10 (see Fig. 4 (a))；(2) capillary of preparation 10 is accumulated, forms bundle of capillary tubes 11, again places bundle of capillary tubes 11
It on wire-drawer-tower, is drawn into tubule beam, is formed prefabricated rod mandrel 12 (see Fig. 4 (b))；(3) prefabricated rod mandrel 12 is put into
In the suitable outer tube 13 of size, just form preform 14 after carrying out certain fixing process (see Fig. 4 (c))；(4)
Preform 14 is placed on wire-drawer-tower, it is accurate to control wire drawing furnace temperature, into rod speed, drawing speed, capillary
The parameters such as pressure, fibre diameter draw out the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber 1 (see Fig. 4 (d)).
Step 2, fiber bragg grating device are prepared (see Fig. 5).(1) hollow-core photonic crystal fiber 1 prepared is fixed on light
Fine grating is prepared on platform, and the Hollow core 3 and microwell array 4 of the optical fiber are connected with Pneumatic controller, when inside micropore battle array
When column 4 inject positive pressure or negative pressure 15, micropore is heated using strong-focusing laser beam 16, the effect of the air pressure in micropore
Under, the heating region micropore near laser beam foucing occurs part and expands or collapse, and forms micro- deformation 5 (such as Fig. 2 (a) and (b)
It is shown)；(2) control hollow-core photonic crystal fiber 1 makes laser beam foucing to next around the rotation amount 17 of optical fiber central axis line
Micropore carries out being thermally formed micro- deformation 5；(3) previous step is repeated, until making this layer of micropore that micro- deformation 5 all occur；
(4) strong-focusing laser beam 16 is controlled along the translational movement 18 in optical fiber central axis line direction by accurate displacement device, carried out next
The heating of a micro- deformation region repeats above three step, until preparing multiple periodically micro- deformation regions, forms light
Fine grating 6 (see Fig. 6 (a)).
In addition, by time and spatial position control around optical fiber central axis line or be parallel to central axes other partially
The amount of spin of axis and translational movement along optical fiber central axis line direction, can also produce the period of various other different structures
The micro- deformation of property, forms a variety of fiber bragg grating devices, as Helical Fiber grating 19 (see Fig. 6 (b)) and inclined optical fiber grating 20 (see
Fig. 6 (c)).A variety of different air-core photonics can also be prepared by way of changing the number of plies (see Fig. 7) of microwell array 4
Crystal optical fibre and its corresponding fiber bragg grating device.
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
Step 1, optical fiber are prepared (see Fig. 4): making one section of hollow photon crystal according to the method for preparing optical fiber of embodiment
Optical fiber 1；
Step 2, grating are prepared (see Fig. 5): brilliant in the air-core photonic prepared according to the grating preparation method of embodiment
Fiber grating 6 is made on body optical fiber 1；
Step 3, grating device preparation: it is respectively welded at the both ends of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber 1 with fiber grating 6
Input optical fibre 21 and output optical fibre 22, the other end of input optical fibre 21 accesses wide spectrum light source 23, and 22 other end of output optical fibre connects
It is connected to spectrometer 24, thus prepares fiber bragg grating device completely based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber；
Step 4, Application in Sensing citing: the fiber bragg grating device prepared is placed in the vessel 25 equipped with testing liquid
In, as the variation of testing liquid temperature can cause the deformation in fiber grating region, thus the grating exported by spectrometer 24
The peak value translational movement of modulated spectrum can detect the temperature of testing liquid, realize temperature sensing.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of fiber bragg grating device based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, it is characterized in that: the device is mainly by a hollow
Photonic crystal fiber 1 is constituted；Wherein the optical fiber mainly includes the airport 2 of periodic distribution, Hollow core 3 and around hollow
One layer of microwell array 4 of fibre core 3 is formed and is lacked since Hollow core 3 and microwell array 4 destroy the periodic structure of airport 2
It falls into, be limited in light wave can in 4 region of Hollow core 3 and microwell array and stablize transmission；In this way, to Hollow core 3 and micropore
Implement pressure control in array 4, so that it may strong-focusing laser beam heats microwell array 4 is used, forms micro- deformation 5 in heating region,
Such heating process can produce periodically micro- deformation structure and then form fiber bragg grating device 6 repeatedly, thus realization pair
Hollow-core photonic crystal fiber 1 conducts light wave modulation, realizes light filter function.
2. a kind of fiber bragg grating device based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber according to claim 1, described in hollow
Photonic crystal fiber the preparation method is as follows: (1) according to the hole span ratio of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, prepare it is a variety of not
With the pure quartz or doping quartz capillary of inside and outside diameter ratio；(2) capillary of preparation is accumulated, is then placed in wire drawing
On tower, it is drawn into prefabricated rod mandrel；(3) prefabricated rod mandrel is put into the suitable outer tube of size, carries out certain consolidate
Preform is just formd after fixed processing；(4) preform is placed on wire-drawer-tower, accurate control wire drawing furnace temperature,
Into parameters such as rod speed, drawing speed, capillary overpressure, fibre diameters, the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is drawn out.
3. a kind of fiber bragg grating device based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber according to claim 1, the optical fiber light
The preparation step of gate device is: (1) adding positive pressure (or negative pressure) in Hollow core and micropore, while using strong-focusing laser beam pair
Micropore is heated, and under the effect of the pressure, the heating region micropore near laser beam foucing expands (or collapsing)；(2)
By being controlled on time and spatial position around the amount of spin of optical fiber central axis line or other off-axis lines for being parallel to central axes and
Along the translational movement in optical fiber central axis line direction, the micro- deformation of periodicity of a variety of different structures can be produced, forms fiber grating
Device.
4. a kind of fiber bragg grating device based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described
Hollow-core photonic crystal fiber microwell array can also around Hollow core be in multilayer arranged distribution.
5. a kind of fiber bragg grating device based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described
The space structure of the micro- deformation of periodicity of fiber grating be: perpendicular to the optical fiber central axis line periodic structure, favour
The periodic structure of optical fiber central axis line and around optical fiber central axis line or the periodicity for other off-axis line spirals for being parallel to central axes
Any one of structure.
6. a kind of fiber grating based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber described in -5 any one claims according to claim 1
Device, it is characterized in that: the period of the fiber grating can be uniform or heterogeneous.
7. a kind of fiber grating based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber described in -5 any one claims according to claim 1
Device, it is characterized in that: the material of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber can may be doping titanium dioxide for pure silicon dioxide
Silicon.
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| CN113325508B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-12-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Fabrication method of optical fiber grating based on photopolymerization material |
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