CN109617373A - A synchronous motor based on superconducting permanent magnet hybrid rotor magnet and starting method - Google Patents
A synchronous motor based on superconducting permanent magnet hybrid rotor magnet and starting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109617373A CN109617373A CN201910044123.8A CN201910044123A CN109617373A CN 109617373 A CN109617373 A CN 109617373A CN 201910044123 A CN201910044123 A CN 201910044123A CN 109617373 A CN109617373 A CN 109617373A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
- H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
- H02K55/04—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type with rotating field windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/20—Arrangements for starting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Superconductive Dynamoelectric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of synchronous motors of based superconductive permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet, and including stator and relative to the rotor of stator rotation, the rotor magnet of the rotor includes the first magnet and the second magnet；First magnet includes permanent-magnet material；Second magnet includes hybrid magnet, and first magnet and the second magnet are evenly arranged in rotor core；The hybrid magnet includes superconducting magnet and permanent magnet, and the superconducting magnet and the permanent magnet, which stack, to be fixed.The synchronous motor of based superconductive permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet disclosed by the invention, relative to the permasyn morot of same volume, the upper field limit of power density and magnet is significantly improved, and breakdown torque is big；Relative to the superconducting synchronous of same breakdown torque, additional excitation unit is not needed, manufacturing cost and maintenance cost is low, control method is simple and high safety and reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the same of synchronous motor technical field more particularly to a kind of based superconductive permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet
Walk motor and starting method.
Background technique
Synchronous motor is to belong to alternating current generator, and stator winding is identical as asynchronous motor, rotary speed of rotator and stator
The speed of rotating excitation field caused by winding is identical.Between the rotor speed n and number of magnetic pole pairs p, supply frequency f of synchronous motor
Meet n=60f/p, i.e. revolving speed n is decided by supply frequency f.So revolving speed is constant, with load when one timing of motor power frequency
It is unrelated, have the characteristics that operation stability height and overload capacity are big, is usually used in Multi-Machine Synchronous transmission system, accurate governing speed and steady speed controlled system
System and large scale equipment (such as rolling mill).
The rotor magnet of conventional synchronization motor uses rare-earth permanent magnet, and rare-earth permanent magnet is there are the magnetic field strength upper limit,
And power density is relatively low, limits the rotor field upper limit of synchronous motor, so that there are the upper limits for motor torque.And
In industrial application, many application requirements motor generate bigger torque, then can only be by increasing the volume of motor come real
It is existing.In view of the superconducting magnet of same volume is significantly greater than rare-earth permanent magnet magnetic field strength, use using superconduction stack band as turn
The synchronous motor of sub- magnet can overcome the defect that the upper field limit and power density issue of motor.But there are at high cost, excitations
The difficult and not high new problem of operational reliability: 1) it in order to make the magnetic field strength that stacks band to be more than permanent magnet, needs a large amount of
Superconducting tape is stacked, so that superconducting rotor magnet is the several times of rotor magnet；2) further, due to stator coil
Line footpath and the number of turns limitation, the pulsed magnetic field generated, which tends not to fully magnetise, permeates thicker superconduction stacking band, and additional
Excitation unit will increase the volume and cost of motor；3) rotor field of superconducting rotor mag-net synchronous motor is completely dependent on
Superconduction stacks superconduction constant current stable in band.Therefore, superconducting magnet refrigeration system causes superconduction to stack band and loses once failing
Super, superconduction constant current can be disappeared due to fever quickly, and the rotor field of motor is caused to disappear, and motor will stall.Therefore, surpass
The problem hidden trouble in safety that quenches for leading rotor magnet synchronous motor is limited its application in the higher occasion of safety requirements, such as aviation
Motor, marine service motor etc..
Therefore, it is electronic to be dedicated to developing a kind of synchronizing for based superconductive permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet by those skilled in the art
Machine and starting method, can take into account higher rotor field intensity, lesser rotor volume and higher security reliability, and pass through
Cost is relatively low for Ji.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above drawbacks of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to how by reasonably setting
It is mixed can to take into account the based superconductive permanent magnetism that rotor field intensity is high, rotor volume is small, high safety and reliability and economic cost are low for meter
Close the synchronous motor and starting method of rotor magnet.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of synchronous motor of based superconductive permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet,
Including stator and relative to the rotor of stator rotation, the rotor magnet of the rotor includes the first magnet and the second magnet；
Wherein, first magnet includes permanent-magnet material；
Second magnet includes hybrid magnet, and first magnet and the second magnet are evenly arranged in rotor core；
The hybrid magnet includes superconducting magnet and permanent magnet, and the superconducting magnet and the permanent magnet, which stack, to be fixed.
Optionally, the superconducting magnet is made of several layers superconducting tape stacking.
Optionally, the superconducting magnet is fixed on the permanent magnet inner ring or outer ring along rotor radius extending direction stacking.
Optionally, the superconducting tape is YBCO high-temperature superconductor band.
Optionally, the hybrid magnet with a thickness of 5mm.
Optionally, superconducting tape stack with a thickness of 0.5mm, permanent magnet is with a thickness of 4.5mm.
Optionally, the permanent-magnet material and the permanent magnet use the rare-earth permanent magnet based on neodymium iron boron or alnico.
Optionally, the quantity of first magnet and second magnet is equal, at equal intervals along the rotor core circumference
Arranged crosswise.
Optionally, further include liquid nitrogen cooling device for keeping the superconductive permanent-magnet hybrid magnet superconductivity and be used for
The thermal insulation layer of the superconductive permanent-magnet hybrid magnet insulation；The thermal insulation layer is installed on the outside of stator；The liquid nitrogen cooling device with
The superconductive permanent-magnet hybrid magnet exchanges refrigeration or directly immersion type refrigeration by contact.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of synchronous motors for based superconductive permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet
Starting method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: using the stator winding of stator, to the rotor magnet excitation of based superconductive permanent magnetism hybrid magnet；
Step 2: being passed through the rated current of three-phase symmetrical to the stator winding of step 1, stator rotating excitation field is generated,
Drive rotor rotation.
Optionally, the exciting current that the stator winding of the step 1 is passed through is pulse current；And the pulse current produces
One times of magnetic field amplitude when the amplitude of raw excitation field, at least superconductive permanent-magnet hybrid magnet steady operation.
Compared to the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) hybrid magnet is used, compared to the permasyn morot of same volume, due to the superconduction mixing magnetic of same volume
The magnetic field that body generates is greater than rare earth permanent magnet, and the output torque of motor greatly increases；
(2) hybrid magnet is used, compared to the permasyn morot of identical output torque, the volume of motor greatly subtracts
It is small；
(3) hybrid magnet is used, superconduction is all used to stack the synchronous motor of band compared to rotor magnet, cost is big
To reduce；And when stacking band quenches, the permanent magnet in hybrid magnet can continue to generate magnetic field, and motor can continue to produce
Raw torque, security reliability significantly increase.
In addition, pulsed magnetic field needed for the small superconduction of thickness stacks band is smaller, can use conventional stator winding into
Row direct excitation；After excitation, the characteristic of motor is identical as traditional permanent magnet motor, and starting, is braked according to biography at operation
The flow operations of system permasyn morot, control process are simple and convenient.
It is described further below with reference to technical effect of the attached drawing to design of the invention, specific structure and generation, with
It is fully understood from the purpose of the present invention, feature and effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of synchronous motor of based superconductive permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet of a preferred embodiment of the invention
Axial slices figure；
Fig. 2 is the rotor schematic diagram of embodiment illustrated in fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the rotor magnet schematic diagram of rotor shown in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is that the second magnet of rotor magnet shown in Fig. 3 constitutes schematic diagram
Fig. 5 is a kind of synchronous motor based on permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet of another preferred embodiment of the invention
The test result of magnetic field strength.
Wherein, 1- stator；1.1- stator core；1.2- stator winding；2- rotor；2.1- rotor core；The first magnetic of 2.2-
Body, the second magnet of 2.3-；2.4- rotor shaft；3- superconduction stacks band；4- rare earth permanent magnet bulk.
Specific embodiment
Multiple preferred embodiments of the invention are introduced below with reference to Figure of description, keep its technology contents more clear and just
In understanding.The present invention can be emerged from by many various forms of embodiments, and protection scope of the present invention not only limits
The embodiment that Yu Wenzhong is mentioned.
In the accompanying drawings, the identical component of structure is indicated with same numbers label, everywhere the similar component of structure or function with
Like numeral label indicates.The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are to be arbitrarily shown, and there is no limit by the present invention
The size and thickness of each component.Apparent in order to make to illustrate, some places suitably exaggerate the thickness of component in attached drawing.
Embodiment one
It is the synchronous motor based on permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet of a preferred embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 1
Axial slices schematic diagram, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are respectively the rotor schematic diagram and rotor magnet schematic diagram of the present embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the synchronous motor based on permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet includes stator 1 and relative to fixed
The rotor 2 of son rotation；Stator 1 includes stator core 1.1 and stator winding 1.2；Rotor 2 includes rotor core 2.1, rotor magnet
With rotor shaft 2.4.Stator core 1.1 is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, and effect is to provide magnetic circuit.Stator winding 1.2 is double-layer overlapped
Winding, the double-deck lap winding are formed by insulated copper wire coiling, are connected with three-phase alternating current wherein, thus in the gas of stator 1 and rotor 2
The stator field of rotation is generated in gap.Rotor core 2.1 is equally formed by silicon steel plate stacking, is mentioned while avoiding eddy-current loss
For magnetic circuit.Rotor magnet is used to generate constant rotor field in air gap.Rotor field and the interaction of stator rotating excitation field,
So that rotor 2 is rotated under the traction of magnetic force with synchronous speed, and generate torque.
Wherein, rotor magnet includes the first magnet 2.2 and the second magnet 2.3；First magnet 2.2 is permanent magnet,
Second magnet 2.3 is superconductive permanent-magnet hybrid magnet.
For the symmetry for guaranteeing rotor field, it is preferable that the first magnet 2.2 and the second magnet 2.3 of rotor magnet are even
It is several, and along 2 circumference of rotor cross-distribution at equal intervals；The particular number of first magnet 2.2 and the second magnet 2.3, should be according to answering
With occasion, after calculating driving torque, row decision again after the stability indicator for turning the axis of rotation is comprehensively considered.In the present embodiment, first
Magnet 2.2 and the second magnet 2.3 each 4 groups, along rotor 2 circumference at equal intervals cross-distribution such as Fig. 2,
Shown in Fig. 3.
The superconductive permanent-magnet hybrid magnet of second magnet 2.3, by the permanent magnetism in the inside that 2 radial direction of rotor is distributed
Body and the fixation of external superconducting magnet form；The superconducting magnet can produce constant magnetic field after overexcitation, and described
Inside permanent magnet generate magnetic field superposition after, formed the second magnet 2.3 superconductive permanent-magnet hybrid magnet total magnetic field.It is described
Superconductive permanent-magnet hybrid magnet, magnetic field strength and exciting current amplitude are positively correlated, and the magnetic field strength upper limit and power density are excellent
In the magnet for the same volume being only made of permanent magnet merely；Relative to the superconducting magnet being only made of superconductor merely, superconduction
Material is because operating temperature is higher than critical-temperature, excitation field is higher than critical magnetic field or operating current is greater than critical current and causes
After quenching, superconductive permanent-magnet hybrid magnet can continue to keep certain output torque still because of the remanent magnetism for having permanent magnet to keep, and pacify
Full performance can greatly improve.
In addition, the permanent magnet of the inside of permanent magnet and the second magnet 2.3 that the first magnet 2.2 uses, can use identical
Material, different materials can also be used.
Currently, superconductor can be divided into cryogenic superconductor (critical-temperature 0-10K) according to the critical-temperature of superconductor
With high-temperature superconductor (critical-temperature is that 30K-77K is even higher).In view of high-temperature superconductor can make material under liquid nitrogen environment
Material enters superconducting state, requires to substantially reduce to refrigeration, and high-temperature superconductor band and bulk have been carried out industrial volume production, preferably
Ground, the superconducting magnet of the second magnet 2.3 in the present embodiment, the high-temperature superconductor using critical-temperature not less than 30K stack band.Together
Sample, comprehensively consider commercial cost and electric property, permanent magnet uses rare-earth permanent magnet, and common rare-earth permanent magnet includes neodymium iron
Boron, alnico.
Fig. 4 show the composition schematic diagram of the second magnet 2.3 in this implementation, and the second magnet 2.3 is by using rare earth permanent magnet block
The superconducting magnet fixation of the permanent magnet of the inside of material 4 and the outside for using superconduction to stack band 3 forms.To take into account superconduction heap stacked strips
Critical-temperature, critical current density, production difficulty and the cost of material 3, it is preferable that the superconduction stacks the selection of band 3 and is based on
The band of yttrium barium copper oxide (abbreviation YBCO)；Multilayer YBCO superconducting tape, which stacks and fixes the superconduction formed, stacks band 3, with lower part
Rare earth permanent magnet bulk 4 be fixed together, formed the second magnet 2.3.It should be noted that superconduction, which stacks band 3, to be by basal layer, surpasses
The long ribbon shape superconductor of the multilayered structure of the compositions such as conducting shell, buffer layer, encapsulated layer.
It is in superconducting state to guarantee that the superconduction of the second magnet 2.3 stacks band 3, also needs to install additional refrigerating plant additional, protect
It demonstrate,proves superconduction and stacks the operating temperature of band 3 not higher than critical-temperature.Preferably, the cooling device uses liquid nitrogen cooling device,
Band 3 is stacked with the second magnet 2.3 or superconduction, and refrigeration or directly immersion type refrigeration are exchanged by contact.
For " cold insulation " effect for further increasing motor, it is preferable that the outer layer of stator 1 is additionally provided with thermal insulation layer, described
Thermal insulation layer uses the heat-insulated Dewar vacuumized.
Embodiment two
Traditional permasyn morot start and run can by stator winding, rotor cage winding and permanent magnet this three
Person generate magnetic field interaction and formed.When motor is static, it is passed through three-phase symmetrical electric current to stator winding, generates stator
Rotating excitation field, stator rotating excitation field are rotated in cage modle winding relative to rotor and generate electric current, form rotor rotating excitation field, stator
The induction torque that rotating excitation field and the interaction of rotor rotating excitation field generate makes rotor accelerate rotation by static.In this mistake
Cheng Zhong, rotor permanent magnet magnetic field is different from stator rotating excitation field revolving speed, can generate alternating torque.When rotor accelerates to speed close to together
When walking revolving speed, close to equal, stator rotating excitation field speed is slightly larger than for rotor permanent magnet magnetic field and the revolving speed of stator rotating excitation field
Rotor permanent magnet magnetic field, they, which interact, generates torques and leads rotor into synchronous operation state.Under synchronous operation state, turn
Electric current is no longer generated in sub- winding.Only have permanent magnet to generate magnetic field on rotor at this time, it and stator rotating excitation field interact, and produce
Raw driving torque.It follows that traditional permasyn morot can lean on the induction torque of rotor windings to realize starting.Starting
After the completion, rotor windings no longer work, and generate driving torque by the magnetic field interaction that permanent magnet and stator winding generate.
It is different from the starting of traditional permasyn morot, since synchronizing for based superconductive permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet is electronic
Machine is by stator winding, respectively to superconductor excitation and driving rotor.Therefore, it is necessary to first to superconductive permanent-magnet hybrid magnet into
Row excitation.Since superconducting magnet is in superconducting state, the electric current in superconducting magnet will not be lost due to fever, but be existed always
It is flowed in superconducting tape.In the present embodiment, the current pulse in stator winding 1.2 carries out excitation to the second magnet 2.3.
Superconductor is magnetized in view of generating pulsed magnetic field by magnet exciting coil, theoretically superconductor institute capture magnetic field
The not more than half of pulsed field magnetization peak magnetic field, it is preferable that the pulse current for excitation led in stator winding 1.2 generates
Excitation field amplitude, at least the second 2.3 steady operation of magnet when one times of magnetic field amplitude.
Embodiment three
For the magnetic field strength upper limit of the rotor magnet of further explanation based superconductive permanent magnetism hybrid magnet disclosed by the invention
Better than the permanent magnet of same volume, the present embodiment is tested by repeating, and verifies technical effect of the invention.
In the present embodiment, 2.3 width of the second magnet is 10mm, radial thickness 5mm；Superconduction stacks 3 material of band
YBCO heap stacked strips, 4 material of rare earth permanent magnet bulk are neodymium iron boron.
By taking 30K temperature as an example, in the case where keeping 2.3 radial thickness of the second magnet is 5mm constant, different-thickness ratio
The second magnet 2.3 with the same size of similar shape, using rare earth permanent magnet bulk 4 with magnetic field data such as 1 institute of table of the permanent magnet of material
Show, magnetic field data is the central point of (outer) surface 0.5mm on the second magnet of distance, and stacking thickness of strip is that 0mm is corresponded to and the
The same size of two magnets, 2.3 similar shape, using rare earth permanent magnet bulk 4 with the permanent magnet magnetic field data of material.It will be with the second magnet 2.3
The same size of similar shape, using rare earth permanent magnet bulk 4 with the permanent magnet magnetic field data of material, referred to as contrast groups data.
The magnetic field performance comparison table of 1 second magnet of table, 2.3 different-thickness ratio
| It stacks thickness of strip (mm) | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Magnetic field (mT) | 116 | 167 | 242 | 459 | 214 |
By table 1, stacking thickness of strip in the YBCO of the second magnet 2.3 is 0.5mm, rare earth permanent magnet bulk 4 with a thickness of 4.5mm
When, the magnetic field strength of the second magnet 2.3 is 2.5 times for reaching same thickness permanent magnet.
In conjunction with the present embodiment test result and electric motor operation when actual conditions it is different, it is preferable that the second magnet
2.3 rare earth permanent magnet bulk 4 and superconduction stack 3 radial thickness of band, should be specifically chosen according to the actual situation.It should be noted that removing
Thickness ratio, under the premise of being lower than critical-temperature, the operating temperature of the second magnet 2.3 is different, also to the magnetic of the second magnet 2.3
The field intensity upper limit has an impact.
Example IV
Fig. 5 is shown under same experiment condition, the air gap of the present invention and permasyn morot and superconducting synchronous
The magnetic field strength test result in magnetic field.In the present embodiment, the material of permanent-magnet synchronous motor rotor magnet and the second magnet 2.3
4 material of rare earth permanent magnet bulk is identical, and the rotor magnet of permasyn morot is identical as 2.3 geomery of the second magnet；Superconduction
The material of synchronous electric motor rotor magnet is identical as the superconduction of the second magnet 2.3 stacking 3 material of band, permasyn morot
Rotor magnet is identical as 2.3 geomery of the second magnet.
It is learnt by Fig. 5, with position under the conditions of, the rotor magnet of based superconductive permanent magnetism hybrid magnet and pure superconductor
Rotor field, relative to the rotor field of pure permanent-magnet material, air-gap field is significantly increased, to increase turning for synchronous motor
Square and power density.In addition, although the air-gap field maximum value of the rotor field of pure superconductor is the mixing of based superconductive permanent magnetism
1.2 times of the air-gap field intensity of magnet, increasing degree is limited.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above.It should be appreciated that the ordinary skill of this field is without wound
The property made labour, which according to the present invention can conceive, makes many modifications and variations.Therefore, all technician in the art
Pass through the available technology of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea
Scheme, all should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.
Claims (10)
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Cited By (5)
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| CN110176339A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-27 | 上海交通大学 | Adjust method, system and the medium of superconduction ocular form structure permanent magnet magnetic declination |
| CN110649789A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-01-03 | 卧龙电气(上海)中央研究院有限公司 | A high temperature superconducting motor |
| CN110808648A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Mixed magnetic steel AC excitation memory motor |
| CN113183768A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-07-30 | 福建师范大学 | High-temperature superconducting bulk and strip stacking hybrid magnetic levitation system with high levitation performance |
| CN113246741A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-13 | 福建师范大学 | High-temperature superconducting bulk and strip stacking mixed magnetic levitation system with high guiding performance |
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| CN110808648A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Mixed magnetic steel AC excitation memory motor |
| CN113183768A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-07-30 | 福建师范大学 | High-temperature superconducting bulk and strip stacking hybrid magnetic levitation system with high levitation performance |
| CN113246741A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-13 | 福建师范大学 | High-temperature superconducting bulk and strip stacking mixed magnetic levitation system with high guiding performance |
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Application publication date: 20190412 |