CN109655883A - A kind of earthquake dividing method and system for target - Google Patents
A kind of earthquake dividing method and system for target Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of earthquake dividing methods and system for target, this method comprises: carrying out time frequency analysis using seismic data to goal in research, determining frequency division parameter；According to frequency division parameter, scaling down processing is carried out to CMP trace gather, obtains multiple frequency dividing trace gathers；Individual pre-stack time migration is carried out to multiple frequency dividing trace gathers, obtains multiple frequency dividing data volumes.The determination of frequency division parameter more rationally, accurately, avoids manually estimating bring error in the present invention；Pre-stack time migration based on trace gather frequency dividing can effectively weaken Gibbs' effect, promote the quality of data.The application of real data shows that dividing data physical efficiency preferably describes and portray fractured-vuggy reservoir, improves precision of prediction, application effect is obvious.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the explanatory process fields of seismic signal in geophysical exploration, are directed to target more particularly to one kind
Earthquake dividing method and system.
Background technique
For the accurately image and forecasting problem of fractured-vuggy reservoir, many scholars have carried out significant discussion, in earthquake
In terms of data collection, the quality of acquisition data is mainly improved by optimization acquisition parameter and observation system etc.；On ground
In terms of seismic data processing, the imaging precision to geologic objective, including prestack time mainly are improved by improving imaging algorithm
Offset method and prestack depth migration method；Explain that the research of aspect is based primarily upon thin layer tuning theory, matched technology includes
Forward simulation, General Properties analysis, the fusion of RGB attribute, poststack frequency dividing, seismic inversion etc..
With further going deep into for In Oil Field Exploration And Development, the requirement for fractured-vuggy reservoir imaging is higher and higher, acquisition, place
Reason and explanation are faced with huge challenge.Conventional migration processing is mainly Whole frequency band imaging, not to earthquake abundant information
Band information is distinguished and is excavated, so being difficult to obtain new breakthrough, strongly limits the Precise imaging of fractured-vuggy reservoir.This
Outside, conventional poststack frequency division parameter is manually to estimate mostly, does not carry out more accurate analysis for target, causes larger
Error.
Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art to jump out conventional thought, the innovation of method, finer development fracture cave reservoir are carried out
Imaging and prediction.
Summary of the invention
For the difficult point occurred in the limitation and actual production of the prior art, exploratory development of the present invention new method, benefit
Time frequency analysis is carried out to goal in research with time-frequency analysis technology, determines frequency division parameter, then prestack CMP trace gather is carried out at frequency dividing
Reason, obtains multiple frequency dividing trace gathers, finally carries out independent migration imaging to each frequency dividing trace gather, obtains multiple frequency dividing data volumes, from
And realize the scaling down processing to seismic data, fine portray finally is carried out to geologic objective.The application of real data shows point
Frequency preferably describes and portrays fractured-vuggy reservoir according to physical efficiency, improves precision of prediction, it was demonstrated that the practicability of this method.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of earthquake dividing method for target is provided, this method comprises:
Based on seismic data, time frequency analysis is carried out to goal in research, determines frequency division parameter；
According to frequency division parameter, scaling down processing is carried out to CMP trace gather, obtains multiple frequency dividing trace gathers；
Individual pre-stack time migration is carried out to multiple frequency dividing trace gathers, obtains multiple frequency dividing data volumes.
Further, time frequency analysis being carried out using generalized S-transform and seeking time-frequency spectrum, the time-frequency for extracting target location is bent
Line, generalized S-transform are defined as follows:
In formula, f is frequency, the center of window when τ is, t is the time, and h (t) is the earthquake original signal of goal in research, S
(τ, f) is transformed time-frequency spectrum.
Further, by for statistical analysis of the time-frequency curve to multiple target locations, the frequency dividing ginseng is determined
Number.The goal in research of different scale shows different distribution characteristics on time-frequency curve, can use frequency bandwidth and is retouched
It states, i.e. frequency division parameter, is indicated with low cut-off frequency and high cut-off frequency.
Further, bandpass filter H (ω) is designed based on the frequency division parameter, then passes through Fourier transformation method
Trace gather frequency dividing is carried out, the positive reconstructed formula of Fourier is respectively as follows:
During scaling down processing, formula (3) is converted into
H (ω) is indicated are as follows:
In formula, ω1For low cut-off frequency, ω2For high cut-off frequency.
Further, individual pre-stack time migration is carried out to the frequency dividing trace gather using Kirchhoff integral method, obtained
Multiple frequency dividing data volumes, kirchhoff pre-stack time migration formula are as follows:
In formula, h is the geophone offset of half, and y is common point coordinate, b be Diffraction Imaging point deviate central point away from
From W is weighting function, and I is the imaging results of time τ, and u is the seismic wave field of input.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of earthquake frequency division system for target is provided, which includes:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Using seismic data, time frequency analysis is carried out to goal in research, determines frequency division parameter；
According to frequency division parameter, scaling down processing is carried out to CMP trace gather, obtains multiple frequency dividing trace gathers；
Individual pre-stack time migration is carried out to multiple frequency dividing trace gathers, obtains multiple frequency dividing data volumes.
Further, the signal time-frequency spectrum sought based on generalized S-transform extracts the time-frequency curve of target location；Pass through
To for statistical analysis of the time-frequency curve of target location, the frequency division parameter is determined.
Further, bandpass filter is designed based on the frequency division parameter, is then carried out by Fourier transformation method
Trace gather frequency dividing.
Further, individual pre-stack time migration is carried out to the frequency dividing trace gather using Kirchhoff integral method, obtained
Multiple frequency dividing data volumes.
The present invention is directed to the time-frequency characteristics of geologic objective, it is determined that more accurate frequency division parameter (low cut-off frequency and high section
Frequently), reasonable parameter is established for subsequent accurate imaging.The present invention gives full play to the wide band advantage of seismic data, effectively excavates
The information implied in data realizes the accurately image to target geological body.The determination of frequency division parameter more rationally, accurately, avoids
Artificial estimation bring error；Pre-stack time migration based on trace gather frequency dividing can effectively weaken Gibbs' effect, promote data matter
Amount.
In the application in northwest exploratory area, the process that the present invention designs achieves good application effect, for the oil field
Fine granularing scalability and exploitation provide valuable research achievement.
Detailed description of the invention
Disclosure illustrative embodiments are described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the disclosure above-mentioned and its
Its purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in disclosure illustrative embodiments, identical reference label
Typically represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the earthquake dividing method for target of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the seismic cross-sections of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the time frequency analysis figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the solution cavity center time-frequency curve of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows 42 solution cavity center time-frequency curve superposition figures of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows the pre-stack time migration result map of the embodiment of the present invention, and wherein a is conventional Whole frequency band section, b 8-
20Hz prestack frequency division section, c are 21-30Hz prestack frequency division section, and d is 31-41Hz prestack frequency division section, and e is folded for 42-100Hz
Preceding frequency division section, f are 42-100Hz poststack frequency division section.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in attached drawing
Preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without the embodiment party that should be illustrated here
Formula is limited.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be more thorough and complete, and can be by the disclosure
Range is completely communicated to those skilled in the art.
The present invention establishes the prestack trace gather frequency dividing migration and imaging techniques process for goal in research for the first time.Pass through first
To the Time-frequency Analysis of geology objective body, more accurate frequency division parameter is determined, avoid artificial estimation bring error, so
Accurate scaling down processing is carried out to CMP trace gather afterwards, multiple frequency dividing data volumes are finally obtained using prestack time migration method, is realized
To the scaling down processing of seismic data.Based on frequency dividing data volume, the correlative study of subsequent Caves reservoir can be carried out.
The present disclosure proposes a kind of earthquake dividing methods for target, this method comprises:
Based on seismic data, time frequency analysis is carried out to goal in research, determines frequency division parameter；
According to frequency division parameter, scaling down processing is carried out to CMP trace gather, obtains multiple frequency dividing trace gathers；
Individual pre-stack time migration is carried out to multiple frequency dividing trace gathers, obtains multiple frequency dividing data volumes.
Method of the invention mainly includes time frequency analysis, trace gather frequency dividing and pre-stack time migration three parts.
There are many kinds of the methods of time frequency analysis, including Fourier transformation, Short Time Fourier Transform, wavelet transformation, S-transformation,
The methods of match tracing.S-transformation and its generalized S-transform have the feature of wavelet transformation multiresolution, time-frequency spectral resolution and frequency
Rate is related, and time frequency analysis effect is preferable, therefore the present invention is using generalized S-transform as the means of time frequency analysis.
Generalized S-transform is defined as follows:
In formula, f is frequency, the center of window when τ is, t is the time, and h (t) is the earthquake original signal of goal in research, S
(τ, f) is transformed time-frequency spectrum.
Signal time-frequency spectrum is sought by generalized S-transform, extracts the time-frequency curve at target (for example, solution cavity) position, in turn
Determine more accurate frequency division parameter.
By for statistical analysis of the time-frequency curve to multiple target locations, the frequency division parameter is determined.Different rulers
The goal in research of degree shows different distribution characteristics on time-frequency curve, can use frequency bandwidth and is described, that is, divides
Parameter is indicated with low cut-off frequency and high cut-off frequency.
As shown in figure 4, time-frequency curve is overlapped by the Time-frequency Analysis to 42 solution cavities, discovery curve has
Certain accumulation rule, it is caused that here it is underground difference goals in research (solution cavity of different scale), so utilizing time-frequency curve
This rule characterize underground difference goal in research, more can accurately be studied in this way.
Next, designing bandpass filter H (ω) using the frequency division parameter of above-mentioned determination, Fourier transformation is then utilized
Obtain trace gather divided down version.
Trace gather frequency dividing realizes that the positive reconstructed formula of Fourier is respectively as follows: using Fourier transformation method
During scaling down processing, formula (3) is converted into
H (ω) is indicated are as follows:
In formula, ω1For low cut-off frequency, ω2For high cut-off frequency.
On the basis of trace gather frequency dividing, frequency dividing trace gather is individually deviated using Kirchhoff integral method, is obtained multiple
Data volume is divided, and then carries out subsequent analysis work.
Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration formula is as follows:
In formula, h is the geophone offset of half, and y is common point coordinate, b be Diffraction Imaging point deviate central point away from
From W is weighting function, and I is the imaging results of time τ, and u is the seismic wave field of input.
Another embodiment according to the present invention, provides a kind of earthquake frequency division system for target, which includes:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Based on seismic data, time frequency analysis is carried out to goal in research, determines frequency division parameter；
According to frequency division parameter, scaling down processing is carried out to CMP trace gather, obtains multiple frequency dividing trace gathers；
Individual pre-stack time migration is carried out to multiple frequency dividing trace gathers, obtains multiple frequency dividing data volumes.
Further, the signal time-frequency spectrum sought based on generalized S-transform extracts the time-frequency curve of target location；Pass through
To for statistical analysis of the time-frequency curve of target location, the frequency division parameter is determined.
Further, bandpass filter is designed based on the frequency division parameter, is then carried out by Fourier transformation method
Trace gather frequency dividing.
Further, individual pre-stack time migration is carried out to the frequency dividing trace gather using Kirchhoff integral method, obtained
Multiple frequency dividing data volumes.
Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration formula is as follows:
In formula, h is the geophone offset of half, and y is common point coordinate, b be Diffraction Imaging point deviate central point away from
From W is weighting function, and I is the imaging results of time τ, and u is the seismic wave field of input.
A concrete application example is given below in the scheme and its effect of the embodiment of the present invention for ease of understanding.This field
It should be understood to the one skilled in the art that the example is only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, any detail is not intended to be limited in any way
The system present invention.
In northwest exploratory area, main goal in research is fractured-vuggy reservoir, and solution cavity is the Important Problems of research.So needing
Carry out and is directed to the careful research and analysis of solution cavity.
Referring to Fig.1, the flow chart of the earthquake dividing method for target of the embodiment of the present invention is shown.
It is the time frequency analysis for solution cavity first.In conventional scaling down processing, the general processing side using poststack frequency dividing
Method, and frequency division parameter is manually to estimate mostly, and accuracy is low, and error is larger, finally will affect the quality of section.The present invention is logical
The seismic channel for choosing solution cavity position is crossed, as shown in Fig. 2 (Taoist monastic name 658), circled positions are solution cavity to be analyzed in figure.Using wide
Adopted S-transformation carries out time-frequency conversion and obtains time-frequency spectrum, as shown in figure 3, extracting solution cavity center position (near time 3600ms)
Time-frequency curve, such as Fig. 4.This processing mode preferably can extract and characterize the seismic response features of solution cavity, be fine into for subsequent fine
As laying the foundation.
Then, it is based on above-mentioned solution cavity feature extracting method, it is special to have chosen 42 different locations, different size of solution cavity altogether
Sign extracts the time-frequency curve of solution cavity center, and curve superposition figure is as shown in figure 5, to analyze different scale solution cavity in frequency spectrum
On the regularity of distribution and its feature.By analysis, the feature for being distributed in certain frequency bands and showing curve aggregation of time-frequency curve, this
It is also the intuitive performance of the one kind of different solution cavity scales on frequecy characteristic.It is possible thereby to determine 4 set of division parameters to characterize difference
The solution cavity feature of scale, is 8-20Hz, 21-30Hz, 31-41Hz and 42-100Hz respectively.The selection of frequency division parameter of the present invention is put
The drawbacks of artificial estimation is brought has been taken off, has been determined more rationally, accurately by the statistical analysis to practical solution cavity time-frequency characteristics
Frequency division parameter is also more of practical significance, and for subsequent scaling down processing, obtained treatment effect also can preferably reflect
Real solution cavity feature, is more conducive to Precise imaging and the analysis of geologic objective.
Then, using above-mentioned 4 groups reasonable, accurate frequency division parameters, scaling down processing is carried out to original trace gather, obtains 4 intussusceptions
Preceding frequency dividing trace gather (corresponding respectively to 4 above-mentioned set of division parameters).
Finally, carrying out final pre-stack time migration processing, processing profiles such as Fig. 6 institute using 4 sets of frequency dividing trace gather data
Show.What conventional Whole frequency band section mainly reflected is the information of earthquake primary band, cannot distinguish between the abundant letter of low-and high-frequency variation bring
It ceases (Fig. 6 a).By thin layer tuning principle it is found that the data of different frequency range can reflect the geology body characteristics of different scale, that is, reflect not
With the information of scale solution cavity.The reflection of low frequency section is large scale solution cavity (Fig. 6 b), and large scale solution cavity response characteristic is bright in figure
It is aobvious, and small scale solution cavity response characteristic is relatively very weak；And the reflection of high frequency section is small scale solution cavity (Fig. 6 e), figure Small and Medium Sized
Solution cavity response characteristic is remarkably reinforced, and large scale solution cavity response characteristic obviously weakens, and highlights the feature of small scale solution cavity.
From Fig. 6 e and Fig. 6 f compare, poststack divide data Gibbs' effect it is obvious, section distortion, a beading elongate, cannot effectively into
Row subsequent analysis, and prestack frequency dividing data volume effectively reduces Gibbs' effect, section noise is relatively high, and waveform is naturally, reflection
Solution cavity feature it is true and reliable, using the data carry out in next step study.
The presently disclosed embodiments is described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes are obvious for the those of ordinary skill in art field.The selection of term used herein, purport
In principle, the practical application or to the technological improvement in market for best explaining each embodiment, or make the art its
Its those of ordinary skill can understand each embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of earthquake dividing method for target, which is characterized in that this method comprises:
Based on seismic data, time frequency analysis is carried out to goal in research, determines frequency division parameter；
According to frequency division parameter, scaling down processing is carried out to CMP trace gather, obtains multiple frequency dividing trace gathers；
Individual pre-stack time migration is carried out to multiple frequency dividing trace gathers, obtains multiple frequency dividing data volumes.
2. the earthquake dividing method according to claim 1 for target, which is characterized in that carried out using generalized S-transform
Time frequency analysis seeks time-frequency spectrum, extracts the time-frequency curve of target location, and generalized S-transform is defined as follows:
In formula, f is frequency, the center of window when τ is, t is the time, and h (t) is the earthquake original signal of goal in research, S (τ,
It f) is transformed time-frequency spectrum.
3. the earthquake dividing method according to claim 2 for target, which is characterized in that by multiple target positions
The time-frequency curve at place it is for statistical analysis, determine the frequency division parameter.
4. the earthquake dividing method according to claim 3 for target, which is characterized in that based on the frequency division parameter
It designs bandpass filter H (ω), trace gather frequency dividing, the positive reconstructed formula difference of Fourier is then carried out by Fourier transformation method
Are as follows:
During scaling down processing, formula (3) is converted into
H (ω) is indicated are as follows:
In formula, ω1For low cut-off frequency, ω2For high cut-off frequency.
5. the earthquake dividing method according to claim 1 for target, which is characterized in that utilize Kirchhoff integral method
Individual pre-stack time migration is carried out to the frequency dividing trace gather, obtains multiple frequency dividing data volumes, kirchhoff pre-stack time migration
Formula is as follows:
In formula, h is the geophone offset of half, and y is common point coordinate, and b is the distance that Diffraction Imaging point deviates central point, W
It is weighting function, I is the imaging results of time τ, and u is the seismic wave field of input.
6. a kind of earthquake frequency division system for target, which is characterized in that the system includes:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Based on seismic data, time frequency analysis is carried out to goal in research, determines frequency division parameter；
According to frequency division parameter, scaling down processing is carried out to CMP trace gather, obtains multiple frequency dividing trace gathers；
Individual pre-stack time migration is carried out to multiple frequency dividing trace gathers, obtains multiple frequency dividing data volumes.
7. the earthquake frequency division system according to claim 6 for target, which is characterized in that carried out using generalized S-transform
Time frequency analysis seeks time-frequency spectrum, extracts the time-frequency curve of target location, and generalized S-transform is defined as follows:
In formula, f is frequency, the center of window when τ is, t is the time, and h (t) is the earthquake original signal of goal in research, S (τ,
It f) is transformed time-frequency spectrum.
8. the earthquake frequency division system according to claim 7 for target, which is characterized in that by multiple target positions
The time-frequency curve at place it is for statistical analysis, determine the frequency division parameter.
9. the earthquake frequency division system according to claim 8 for target, which is characterized in that based on the frequency division parameter
It designs bandpass filter H (ω), trace gather frequency dividing, the positive reconstructed formula difference of Fourier is then carried out by Fourier transformation method
Are as follows:
During scaling down processing, formula (3) is converted into
H (ω) is indicated are as follows:
In formula, ω1For low cut-off frequency, ω2For high cut-off frequency.
10. the earthquake frequency division system according to claim 6 for target, which is characterized in that utilize Kirchhoff migiation
Method carries out individual pre-stack time migration to the frequency dividing trace gather, obtains multiple frequency dividing data volumes, kirchhoff prestack time is inclined
It is as follows to move formula:
In formula, h is the geophone offset of half, and y is common point coordinate, and b is the distance that Diffraction Imaging point deviates central point, W
It is weighting function, I is the imaging results of time τ, and u is the seismic wave field of input.
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| CN112630831A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and system for calculating longitudinal dimension of carbonate karst cave |
| CN112649865A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Volcanic reservoir identification method and system based on characteristic wavelets |
| CN113740914A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Pre-stack depth migration method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN114427452A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2022-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Imaging method and device for micro-structure geologic body, storage medium and computer equipment |
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| WO2025107930A1 (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2025-05-30 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Synchronous excitation method and apparatus for controlled seismic sources |
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