CN109849450A - A kind of X-ray-preventing fabric and its preparation method and application with compared with highly-breathable - Google Patents
A kind of X-ray-preventing fabric and its preparation method and application with compared with highly-breathable Download PDFInfo
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- CN109849450A CN109849450A CN201811636202.XA CN201811636202A CN109849450A CN 109849450 A CN109849450 A CN 109849450A CN 201811636202 A CN201811636202 A CN 201811636202A CN 109849450 A CN109849450 A CN 109849450A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有较高透气性的防X射线面料及其制备方法和应用。该方法包括：熔融的聚乙烯与表面改性无机粒子混合，层压到基材表面。该面料具有轻便、较高防X射线、高透气性和一定的耐穿排汗性能，并且方便裁剪制成衣物，可作为防辐射织物使用。
The invention relates to an anti-X-ray fabric with high air permeability and a preparation method and application thereof. The method includes mixing molten polyethylene with surface-modified inorganic particles and laminating to the surface of a substrate. The fabric has light weight, high X-ray resistance, high air permeability and certain perspiration resistance, and can be easily cut into clothing, which can be used as a radiation protection fabric.
Description
Technical field
It is the invention belongs to radiation-proof fabric and its preparation and application field, in particular to a kind of with anti-compared with highly-breathable
X-ray fabric and its preparation method and application.
Background technique
It is well known that with the rapid development of national defence scientific research, Radiation Medicine and atomic energy industry, the importance of various rays
Self-evident and application is more and more extensive.X-ray is exactly wherein important one kind, and Long Term Contact X-ray can be each to human body important
Organ such as eyes, sexual gland, Hematopoietic marrow etc. can all generate injury, can even generate lesion such as cataract, no more than doses
Pregnant, leukaemia, carcinogenic etc., bring to human body and seriously threaten.It is therefore desirable to according to the property of X-ray and its with the work of substance
With mechanism, selects and prepare corresponding material and reinforce protection.
Be used for X-ray shield earliest is the metal materials such as stereotype, iron plate, had developed leaded glass again later, has
The products such as machine glass and rubber, and be processed into various protective garments, the helmet, protective gloves etc..But these protective articles are breathed freely mostly
Property it is poor, it is heavy, increase the body burden for dressing the staff of the product, while lead all exist to human body and environment it is serious
Harm.
There are many related patents reports in relation to barrier X-ray protection clothes at present, as Chinese invention patent is " a kind of comprehensive
A kind of technical solution of protective garment is disclosed in protection type CT protective garment " (CN 103700415A), which includes antibiotic layer
With radiation protective layer, wherein radiation protective layer contains: 40~70 parts of Pot metal, 30~50 parts of Pot metal, and 15~25 parts of tungsten, bismuth 15
~25 parts, 15~25 parts of tin, 40~60 parts of carrier material, carrier material is at least one of bamboo charcoal fiber and china-hemp fibers,
The protective garment is to the shielding rate of X-ray up to 99%, but shortcoming is that radiation protective layer may take off in the process of wearing
Falling causes shielding property to decline.A kind of Chinese invention patent " protective garment of the unleaded radiation of novel flexible " (CN
A kind of design scheme of unleaded protective garment is disclosed in 107910089A), protective layer is kneaded using basis material and filling tube
Technique and calendering technology are made, basis material include silane coupling agent, antioxidant, polyvinyl alcohol, rubber softening oil, dibutyl ester,
Polyethylene rubber performed polymer, filler include that tantalum powder, tungsten powder, iron powder, platinum powder, but basis material are mainly rubber, are breathed freely after molding
Performance is poor, and human body dress is uncomfortable.A kind of Chinese invention patent " preparation method of γ radiation protection clothes " (CN
104900282B) disclose a kind of preparation method of γ radiation protection clothes, micro-nano rank γ radiation protection prepared by ball milling
Function powder is added in rubber matrix and is kneaded, then carries out calendering rubberizing with the non-woven fabrics for impregnating binder, and vulcanize
Molding obtains γ radiation protection fabric, reaches 72.3% to low energy (0.059MeV) gamma-ray shielding rate.Due to using rubber
As matrix, there are air-locked problems, and coating layer thickness is 0.1~3.2mm, when operator is in the higher work of temperature
When place, the protective garment is dressed for a long time and necessarily causes discomfort on body.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of with compared with the X-ray-preventing fabric of highly-breathable and its preparation
Methods and applications, to overcome in the prior art, X-ray protection clothes are heavy, airtight, wear anti-spoke in uncomfortable and wearing process
The defect for causing shielding property to decline may be fallen off by penetrating layer.
A kind of preparation method with the X-ray-preventing fabric compared with highly-breathable of the invention, polyethylene including melting with
The mixing of surface-modified inorganic particle, is laminated to substrate surface.
The preparation method of the surface-modified inorganic particle includes: by the inorganic particulate of X-ray-preventing, surface modifier and molten
Agent obtains surface-modified inorganic particle by wet ball mill, and wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic particulate of surface modifier and X-ray-preventing is
The ratio of the inorganic particulate of 1:8~1:4, solvent and X-ray-preventing is 0.5~1mL/g.
The inorganic particulate of the X-ray-preventing is one or more of rare earth oxide, bismuth oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide.
The surface modifier be one of branched low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, solid paraffin or
It is several.
The solvent is one or more of decahydronaphthalene, hexamethylene, ethyl alcohol, methylene chloride.
The partial size of inorganic particulate is 400nm~2000nm after the wet ball mill.
The polyethylene of the melting is mixed with surface-modified inorganic particle, is laminated to substrate surface specifically: changes surface
Property inorganic particulate, polyethylene, antioxidant 1076 and diluent melting mixing, are pressed onto composite base material table for obtained mixture layer
Face, melting pressing, removes diluent, and washed, dryness finalization obtains X-ray-preventing fabric, wherein the modified inorganic particulate in surface
Mass ratio with polyethylene is 0.7~2, and the mass ratio of polyethylene and diluent is 1:10~1:20, and antioxidant 1076 is poly- second
The 0.5%~1% of alkene quality.
The polyethylene be linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene (HDPE) or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyethylene
Molecular weight is 80~3,000,000.
The diluent is one or more of decahydronaphthalene, white oil, atoleine.
The melting mixing technological parameter are as follows: using double screw extruder by mixed component melting mixing, mixing temperature is
145~250 DEG C, incorporation time is 2~10min.
The composite base material is terylene, polyester-cotton blend, pure cotton or nylon plain weaving machine woven fabric, with a thickness of 60~150 μm, grammes per square metre 30
~80g/cm2。
The mixture layer that will be obtained is pressed onto composite base material surface are as follows: is laminated single layer composite base material and monolayer blends
Or single layer composite base material and face disposed thereon and following mixture are laminated.
The technological parameter of the melting pressing are as follows: pressing-in temp is 160~230 DEG C, and pressure is 2~8MPa, pressing time
For 10~20min.
The removal diluent is using extracting process, and the extractant of extraction is dehydrated alcohol, dimethylbenzene, gasoline, chlorine
One or more of imitative, methylene chloride.
The temperature of the dryness finalization is 30-50 DEG C, time 20-30h.
The present invention provides a kind of X-ray-preventing fabrics having compared with highly-breathable being prepared such as the above method.
The fabric thickness is 0.2~0.3mm, and fabric grammes per square metre is 70~130g/m2, to the shielding rate of X-ray be 90~
98%, water vapour permeability is 125~160g/cm2/ h, air penetrability are 1200~1700L/m2/h。
The present invention also provides a kind of applications of X-ray-preventing fabric being prepared such as the above method.
Inorganic particulate partial size, which is reduced, using ball milling in preparation process of the present invention improves inorganic particulate shielding X-ray efficiency, ball
The long chain alkane added during mill is under solvent action, physical absorption to surface of inorganic particles, plays the modified group of preventing in surface
Poly- effect.Select frivolous transparent plain cloth as composite base material, selection has very high transmission to the heat radiation of human body
Property polyethylene as basis material, make polyethylene, inorganic particulate and dilution by controlling pressure and clamp time appropriate
Hole does not infilter inside tow between the mixture of agent fills up composite base material longitude and latitude tow, then passes through extraction removal diluent system
It is standby go out connection hole, so that compound is become opaque while but also with ventilation and perspiration function, finally obtain shielding X-ray, mechanics
It has excellent performance, ventilation and perspiration function fabric of good performance.
Beneficial effect
Fabric produced by the present invention has with X-ray-preventing ability similar in certain thickness lead flake, and the shielding rate to X-ray is
90~98%, with traditional using rubber as matrix, metal powder or metal oxide are compared for the protective garment of shielding material, have light
Just, highly-breathable and certain endurable perspiration discharging performance, with a thickness of 0.2~0.3mm, fabric grammes per square metre is 70~130g/m2, X is penetrated
The shielding rate of line is 90~98%, and water vapour permeability is 125~160g/cm2/ h, air penetrability are 1200~1700L/m2/ h, and
And facilitate cutting that clothing is made, it can be used as radiation-proof fabric use, the radiation-proof fabric multilayer build-up thickness is in 1.3mm or more
When, it is suitable with the effect of 0.132mm lead flake to the shield effectiveness of X-ray.
Detailed description of the invention
The X-ray-preventing fabric optical microscope that Fig. 1 is prepared for embodiment 1,100 times of amplification factor；
Fig. 2 is X-ray-preventing fabric section SEM figure prepared by embodiment 1, and amplification factor is 1500 times, embeds figure times magnification
Number is 10000 times；
Fig. 3 is the small size CeO obtained after ball milling in embodiment 12Powder SEM figure, amplification factor are 5000 times；
Fig. 4 is the small size Bi obtained after ball milling in embodiment 32O3Powder SEM figure, amplification factor are 5000 times；
Fig. 5 is polyethylene fabric section SEM figure prepared by comparative example 1, and amplification factor is 1500 times, embeds figure amplification factor
It is 10000 times；
Fig. 6 is polyethylene composite material laminated thickness in X-ray-preventing fabric in embodiment 1-4 and comparative example 1-2 to X-ray
The influence of transmitance and X-ray transmitance with a thickness of 0.132mm Pb piece.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than it limits the scope of the invention.In addition, it should also be understood that, after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art
Member can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and such equivalent forms equally fall within the application the appended claims and limited
Range.
CeO2、Bi2O3, hexamethylene, decahydronaphthalene, methylene chloride, dimethylbenzene be purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.,
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is purchased from Shanghai Lianle Chemical Industry Science and Technology Co., Ltd., is linearly purchased from Li Ande with branched low density polyethylene
Industrial group, Basel, white oil and atoleine are purchased from seamount ocean lubricating oil Co., Ltd, and it is excellent that antioxidant 1076 is purchased from Qingdao
Suo Huaxue Science and Technology Ltd., all reagents are not for further processing using preceding.
Embodiment 1
(1) by CeO2Powder is added in stainless steel jar mill, and linear low density polyethylene is added as modifying agent and hexamethylene
Alkane, linear low density polyethylene and CeO2Mass ratio is 1:5, hexamethylene volume and CeO2Quality is 0.8mL/g, and ball milling speed is
315r/min, time 8h obtain the CeO of little particle surface cladding linear low density polyethylene2, partial size is 500~700nm.
(2) by the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene of 5% mass fraction (molecular weight 1,600,000), 10% mass fraction it is modified
CeO2The white oil of powder, the antioxidant 1076 of 0.035% mass fraction, 84.965% mass fraction is uniformly mixed, with double spiral shells
Bar extruder melting mixing squeezes out pelletizing, obtains ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixture.The temperature of double screw extruder is 220
DEG C, material mixing 5min.By ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixture particle laying to a thickness of 120 μm, grammes per square metre 51g/m2's
It in terylene base fabric, uses film laminator to suppress and is cooled and shaped as compound frozen glue film, pressing-in temp is 180 DEG C, and pressing time is
15min, pressure 5.0MPa obtain the compound frozen glue film of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.Compound frozen glue film is placed in methylene chloride
Extraction, then drying is formed for 24 hours in 40 DEG C of baking ovens, and the X-ray-preventing breathable fabric with a thickness of 0.238mm can be obtained.
Fig. 1 is the X-ray-preventing fabric optical microscope prepared, and Fig. 1 shows: ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and CeO2It is mixed
Object is closed to be filled between the longitude and latitude gap of terylene base fabric.
Fig. 2 is the X-ray-preventing fabric section SEM figure prepared, and Fig. 2 shows: there are hole on fabric matrix, hole is dilution
What agent left after being extracted, be the key factor that fabric has gas permeability.
Fig. 3 is the small size CeO obtained after ball milling2Powder SEM figure, Fig. 3 show: most of CeO2Particle size is 500~
700nm。
Embodiment 2
(1) by CeO2Powder is added in rust steel ball grinding jar, branched low density polyethylene is added as modifying agent and decahydronaphthalene,
Linear low density polyethylene and CeO2Mass ratio is 1:6, decahydronaphthalene volume and CeO2Quality is 0.8mL/g, and ball milling speed is
315r/min, time 8h obtain the CeO of little particle surface cladding branched low density polyethylene2, partial size is 500~1000nm.
(2) by the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene of 5% mass fraction (molecular weight 1,600,000), 5% mass fraction it is modified
CeO2The white oil of powder, the antioxidant 1076 of 0.035% mass fraction, 89.965% mass fraction is uniformly mixed, and uses twin-screw
Extruder melting mixing squeezes out pelletizing, obtains ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixture.The temperature of double screw extruder is 220 DEG C,
Incorporation time is 5min.By ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixture particle laying to a thickness of 120 μm, grammes per square metre 51g/m2Wash
It in synthetic fibre base fabric, uses film laminator to suppress and is cooled and shaped as compound frozen glue film, pressing-in temp is 180 DEG C, and pressing time is
15min, pressure 5.0MPa obtain the compound frozen glue film of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.Compound frozen glue film is placed in methylene chloride
Extraction, then drying is formed for 24 hours in 40 DEG C of baking ovens, and the X-ray-preventing breathable fabric with a thickness of 0.235mm can be obtained.
Embodiment 3
(1) by Bi2O3Powder is added in stainless steel jar mill, and linear low density polyethylene is added as modifying agent and hexamethylene
Alkane, linear low density polyethylene and Bi2O3Mass ratio is 1:5, hexamethylene volume and Bi2O3Quality is 0.7mL/g, ball milling speed
It is 315r/min, time 8h, obtains the Bi of little particle surface cladding linear low density polyethylene2O3, partial size is 0.8~1.5 μm.
(2) by the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene of 7% mass fraction (molecular weight 1,700,000), 10% mass fraction it is modified
Bi2O3The atoleine of powder, the antioxidant 1076 of 0.049% mass fraction, 82.951% mass fraction is uniformly mixed, and is used
Double screw extruder melting mixing squeezes out pelletizing, obtains ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixture.The temperature of double screw extruder is
230 DEG C, incorporation time 10min.By ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixture particle laying to a thickness of 150 μm, grammes per square metre is
62g/m2Nylon base fabric on, use film laminator to suppress and be cooled and shaped as compound frozen glue film, molding temperature be 190 DEG C, molding
Time is 20min, pressure 6.0MPa, obtains the compound frozen glue film of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.Compound frozen glue film is placed in diformazan
It is extracted in benzene, the X-ray-preventing breathable fabric with a thickness of 0.232mm can be obtained in the then dry 30h sizing in 35 DEG C of baking ovens.
Fig. 4 is the small size Bi obtained after ball milling2O3Powder SEM figure, Fig. 4 show: most of Bi2O3Particle size is 0.8
~1.5 μm.
Embodiment 4
(1) by Bi2O3Powder is added in stainless steel jar mill, and branched low density polyethylene is added as modifying agent and decahydro
Naphthalene volume, linear low density polyethylene and Bi2O3Mass ratio is 1:6, decahydronaphthalene volume and Bi2O3Quality is 0.7mL/g, ball milling
Speed is 315r/min, time 8h, obtains the Bi of little particle surface cladding branched low density polyethylene2O3, partial size is 0.8~2 μ
m。
(2) by the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene of 7% mass fraction (molecular weight 1,700,000), 5% mass fraction it is modified
Bi2O3Powder, the antioxidant 1076 of 0.049% mass fraction, the atoleine of 87.951% mass fraction are uniformly mixed, with double
Screw extruder melting mixing squeezes out pelletizing, obtains ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixture.The temperature of double screw extruder is
230 DEG C, incorporation time 10min.By ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixture particle laying to a thickness of 150 μm, grammes per square metre is
62g/m2Nylon base fabric on, use film laminator to suppress and be cooled and shaped as compound frozen glue film, pressing-in temp be 190 DEG C, pressing
Time is 20min, pressure 6.0MPa, obtains the compound frozen glue film of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.Compound frozen glue film is placed in diformazan
It is extracted in benzene, the X-ray-preventing breathable fabric with a thickness of 0.240mm can be obtained in the then dry 30h sizing in 35 DEG C of baking ovens.
Comparative example 1
By CeO modified in embodiment 12Powder removes, and the white oil of 84.965% mass fraction is changed to 94.965%
The white oil of mass fraction, remaining is same as Example 1, obtains the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite surface with a thickness of 0.238mm
Material.
Fig. 5 is the polyethylene fabric section SEM figure prepared, and Fig. 5 shows: fabric prepared by comparative example 1 is compared with Example 1
With more holes, illustrate that the addition of inorganic particulate can reduce the generation of hole, and then the gas permeability of fabric can be reduced.
Comparative example 2
By Bi modified in embodiment 32O3Powder removes, and the atoleine of 82.951% mass fraction is changed to
The atoleine of 92.951% mass fraction, remaining is same as Example 3, obtains the super high molecular weight with a thickness of 0.237mm
Polyethylene composite material.
Performance comparison respectively by the obtained fabric of embodiment 1-4, comparative example 1-2 is as shown in table 1.Air penetrability root in table 1
It is measured according to national standard GB/T 5453-1997, under 100Pa pressure, through the gas flow and transmission area of fabric in the unit time
Ratio；Moisture-vapor transmission uses cup type method, the 100mL cup equipped with 40mL water, and rim of a cup is sealed with fabric, and being put into temperature is
35 ± 1 DEG C, in the baking oven of humidity 30 ± 10%, through the quality of the vapor of unit area fabric in the measuring unit time.
Table 1
Table 1 is statistics indicate that the addition of inorganic particulate or the increase of polyethylene concentration can reduce the air penetrability of fabric and water steams
Vapor permeability, and the additive amount of inorganic particulate is bigger, gas permeability decline is more, and moisture-vapor transmission may be because of inorganic particulate
Hydrophily, the rising few relative to additive amount more than additive amount.Again because inorganic particulate density is larger, the grammes per square metre of fabric increases
Add, and inorganic particulate density is bigger, fabric grammes per square metre increase is more.
X-ray transmitance after X-ray shield with the light intensity ratio before shielding by obtaining in Fig. 6, the testing light source voltage of use
For 40keV, power 1600W.Fig. 6 shows: CeO2Bi is better than to the shield effectiveness of X-ray2O3, and when fabric lamination in embodiment 1
For thickness in 1.3mm or more, shield effectiveness is suitable with the effect of 0.132mm lead flake.
Claims (10)
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| CN201811636202.XA CN109849450A (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | A kind of X-ray-preventing fabric and its preparation method and application with compared with highly-breathable |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN118006018A (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-05-10 | 安徽应流久源核能新材料科技有限公司 | A new type of highly flame-retardant polyethylene-based shielding material |
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