CN109936205A - Device for charge regulation of an electrical store in a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for regulating the charge of an electrical store (S), in particular a battery (B) of a vehicle electrical system (100), which can be charged with electrical energy by means of an electric machine (30), which electric machine It can be coupled directly or at variable speed to an internal combustion engine ( 112 ), the electric machine comprising a rotor ( 32 ), a stator ( 33 ), the stator having at least one phase winding (U, V, W) and being associated with the at least one phase Rectifier (36) for windings (U, V, W). The device has a control unit ( 40 ) which is set up to acquire the operating voltage (U B ) of the electrical store (S) and to obtain an operating voltage (U _B ) of the electrical store (S) and to exceed a first nominal value (U _soll1 ) of the electrical store (S) ) at least one switch ( 42 ) is actuated in such a way that current flow (I) from the electric machine ( 30 ) to the electrical store (S) is inhibited.

Description

Device for charge regulation of an electrical store in a motor vehicle

technical field

The invention relates to a device for regulating the charge of an electrical storage device, in particular a battery of a vehicle electrical system, which can be charged with electrical energy by means of an electric machine which can be coupled directly or at a variable speed to an internal combustion engine, The electric machine includes a rotor and a stator, the stator having at least one phase winding and a rectifier associated with the at least one phase winding.

Background technique

In every modern vehicle with an internal combustion engine, a generator is installed which is driven by the rotation of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and provides electrical signals as well as electrical energy for powering the vehicle and for charging the vehicle battery.

The operation of the vehicle without such a generator is impossible, or only possible for a very short period of time. In order to regulate the battery voltage, a regulator is used which can regulate the operating voltage of the battery to a nominal value. However, this has the disadvantage that the controller intervenes in the operation of the rectifier of the electric machine in such a way that any signal from the electric machine, which is used in the form of a phase signal to obtain the rotational speed or the rotational angular position of the crankshaft, is negatively influenced, so that at It is not possible to detect the rotational angular position and/or the rotational speed of the rotor of the electric machine during regulation of the battery voltage.

Accordingly, it would be desirable to describe an improved regulator for battery voltage regulation that overcomes the disadvantages known in the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, a device having the features of claim 1 and an engine controller having said device according to claim 11 are proposed. Other advantageous solutions are the subject-matter of the dependent claims and the further description.

Invention Advantages

A device is proposed for charge regulation of an electrical store, in particular a battery of a vehicle electrical system, which can be charged with electrical energy by means of an electric machine which can be coupled directly or at a variable speed to an internal combustion engine, the electric machine It includes a rotor and a stator, the stator having at least one phase winding and a rectifier associated with the at least one phase winding. The device has a control unit which is provided for acquiring the operating voltage of the electrical store and, when a first setpoint value of the voltage of the electrical store is exceeded, actuates at least one switch in such a way that the output from the electrical store is inhibited. Electric current flows from the motor to the electrical storage. The provision of a control unit is particularly advantageous, since regulation of the battery voltage can thereby be carried out in a particularly simple manner, the control unit being provided to actuate a switch in such a way that a voltage regulation of the battery voltage can take place. It is arranged immediately after the rectifier of the electric machine.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the control unit is configured to detect at least one value which occurs at least once per revolution of the rotor in each case and is associated with a rising edge of at least one of the phase signals or Falling edges of the phase signal are associated, wherein after detecting the value, the current flow from the motor into the electrical store is inhibited. Here, the value does not have to be used for the switching process every time it occurs, but can also be used as a switching trigger every "n times". Corresponding values are associated with the edges of the phase signal, which are used to determine the rotational speed or rotational angular position of the rotor. The value thus corresponds to a threshold value, which is used to reliably identify such an edge. The situation that "the control unit is set to regulate the operating voltage of the electrical store only when such an edge can be reliably detected" is particularly advantageous, since the voltage regulation of the operating voltage of the electrical store is therefore not the same as the voltage regulation of the operating voltage of the electrical store. The detection of the edges of the phase voltages, which are used in particular to detect the rotational angular position of the rotor or the rotational speed of the rotor, conflict.

In a further advantageous variant, the switches are arranged such that the first path of the rectifier and the second path of the rectifier are short-circuited in the closed position of the at least one switch for inhibiting access to the electrical store in the current flow.

By short-circuiting at least the first and second paths of the rectifier, the inhibition of the current flow can be accomplished in a particularly simple and reliable manner, wherein the rectifier is protected.

Furthermore, in a further advantageous development of the invention, elements are arranged such that in the closed position of the at least one switch a short-circuit of the electrical store is prevented, the elements restricting the current flow to at least one switch direction. By arranging such an element, which limits the current flow in at least one direction, a short-circuit of the rectifier can be reliably prevented in the event of a critical voltage: the battery is also short-circuited, which is very advantageous, since it can thus be reliably prevented Damage to the battery or electrical storage.

In another advantageous development of the invention, the element is a diode or a transistor, preferably a metal-oxide-field-effect transistor (MOSFET), which restricts the current flow in at least one direction. The use of diodes as elements limiting the current flow to at least one direction is particularly advantageous, since diodes are particularly inexpensive and can be implemented particularly inexpensively in the framework of a corresponding circuit. The use of transistors, in particular MOSFETs, has the advantage that it involves active components that can be actuated in a targeted manner by the control unit to protect the battery, which improves both the voltage threshold and further improves the reliability of the battery. Protect. Furthermore, the use of MOSFETs is particularly advantageous since it produces particularly low power losses.

In another preferred solution of the present invention, the diode is arranged on the first path of the rectifier or the second path of the rectifier in the direction of the current flowing to the electrical store. Downstream of the two paths, the diodes are used as elements to limit current flow to at least one direction. As a result, protection of the battery can be ensured in a particularly simple manner. It is further preferred here that the diodes are oriented in the circuit in such a way that in the installed state the diodes have the same direction of current flow as the rectifier elements of the rectifier which are arranged upstream.

In another preferred solution, the first path of the rectifier and the second path of the rectifier have at least one diode for rectifying at least one phase voltage. The use of diodes in the rectifier is particularly advantageous, since rectification can thus be ensured in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner.

In another preferred solution of the present invention, the first path of the rectifier and/or the second path of the rectifier has at least one transistor for rectifying the at least one phase voltage. The use of transistors for rectification is particularly advantageous because transistors, in particular metal-oxide field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), are subject to particularly low losses. Furthermore, depending on the wiring of the rectifier, the function of a switch, which is provided for short-circuiting the two paths of the rectifier, can correspondingly also be replaced by the use of transistors in the rectifier.

In another preferred solution of the present invention, at least one phase winding, preferably each phase winding of the phase windings, is respectively connected to the switch through a diode. This solution is particularly advantageous because the generator or the individual phases of the generator can thus be short-circuited phase by phase in order to thereby prevent overcharging of the electrical store arranged downstream. In addition, the corresponding diodes of the rectifier prevent the battery from discharging through the rectifier when the switch is switched on and when the corresponding phase is short-circuited.

In another advantageous embodiment, the first path of the rectifier and/or the second path of the rectifier has at least one transistor for rectifying the at least one phase voltage, wherein the The at least one transistor or at least one of the transistors is used as a switch for regulating the operating voltage of the electrical store and is loaded accordingly. The at least one transistor, preferably all transistors, can preferably be individually actuated by the control unit in such a way that the path of the rectifier, which is arranged in the corresponding path of the rectifier, is short-circuited depending on the switching of the corresponding transistor into the closed position. middle. Furthermore, it is advantageous here that the respective rectifier elements of the respective other paths of the rectifier, which are preferably designed in the form of diodes, prevent the disconnection of the battery.

In the case where both paths of the rectifier have transistors, it should be noted that the transistors in the respective path or in the respectively assigned phase of the one path push-pull with respect to the transistors in the other path (Gegentakt) connected. That is to say, when a transistor in the first path for a phase is turned on, ie conductively switched on, the corresponding transistor of the corresponding further path (ie the second path) must be in the open position, thus preventing short-circuiting of the battery.

In a further advantageous development, the device for regulating the charge of the electrical store is connected to an engine controller for controlling the internal combustion engine, wherein the device is arranged in a structural unit with the engine controller , or arranged structurally separate therefrom, wherein the device receives a signal from the engine controller for controlling the operating voltage of the electrical store. Depending on the application, it can be advantageous for the device for regulating the operating voltage of the electrical store or the control unit contained therein, in particular to be structurally integrated into an engine controller for controlling the internal combustion engine.

It can also be provided that the device is arranged separately from the engine controller, but is connected to exchange signals with the engine controller. Furthermore, it can be advantageous to integrate the device for regulating the operating voltage of the electrical store into the engine control unit, since synergistic effects within the engine control unit can be utilized here. The structural separation of the device and the engine control can be particularly advantageous if one and the same engine control can be used for a plurality of electric machines and their associated charge regulators, thus resulting in the corresponding components being separated from each other. Adaptation, higher flexibility.

Additional advantages and solutions of the present invention emerge from the description and accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

FIGS. 1 a to c show schematic diagrams (a) of an electric machine coupled to an internal combustion engine, a device (b) according to a first embodiment for charge regulation of an electrical store, and a typical signal progression of the phase voltages (c);

FIG. 2 schematically shows an electric machine with corresponding, assigned phase signals;

Figures 3a and 3b show possible voltage variations of the phases of a three-phase motor;

Figures 4a to 4e show five further embodiments of a device for charge regulation, which is provided for regulating the battery voltage.

Detailed ways

FIG. 1 a shows an internal combustion engine 112 to which an electric machine 30 is connected directly or via a variable-speed coupling, wherein the electric machine 30 is driven via a crankshaft 17 ′ of the internal combustion engine 112 . Therefore, the rotational speed n _Gen of the electric machine 30 and the rotational speed n _BKM of the crankshaft 17 ′, as well as the angular position α ₁ of the rotor 32 of the electric machine 30 and the rotational angular position α of the crankshaft 17 ′ have a fixed ratio to each other. In addition, a charging controller LR is assigned to the electric machine 30 , which supplies the electrical storage S in the on-board network 110 with energy, which is predetermined according to the still remaining capacity of the battery B or with reference to the rated voltage. The memory is in the form of battery B.

Furthermore, a computing unit is provided, in particular an engine controller 122 , which exchanges data with the electric machine 30 or with the internal combustion engine 112 via the communication link 124 and is provided for correspondingly actuating the internal combustion engine 112 and the electric machine 30 . Furthermore, a communication connection 125 is provided between the charge regulator LR and the engine controller, by means of which data exchange can take place or the charge regulator LR can be actuated via the engine controller 122 and vice versa. It can also be advantageous to structurally integrate the charge regulator LR into the engine controller 122 .

In Fig. lb, the electric machine 30 is shown again schematically in enlarged form. The electric machine 30 has a rotor 32 with a shaft 17 with field windings and a stator 33 with stator windings. This is a separately excited machine, as is common in motor vehicles in particular. However, especially for mopeds, especially for small or light mopeds, motors with permanent magnets (ie permanently excited electric machines) are often used. In the framework of the invention, both types of electric machines can in principle be used, wherein in particular the charge regulator LR according to the invention does not depend on the corresponding type of electric machine (permanently excited or separately excited) use.

Exemplarily, the electric machine 30 is configured as an alternator in which three phase voltage signals are induced which are phase shifted by 120° with respect to each other. Such three-phase generators are commonly used as generators in modern motor vehicles and are suitable for use with a charge regulator according to the invention, which is arranged downstream of the generator. In the framework of the present invention, in principle all electric machines can be used independently of the number of their phases.

The three phases of the alternator 30 are represented by U, V, W. The voltages U _U , U _V , U _W dropped at the phases are rectified by a rectifying element 36 , which is configured as a positive diode _DH of the first path 34a and a negative diode DL of the second rectifying path _35a . Therefore, the generator voltage UG is applied between poles _B + and B-, with the negative pole grounded. For example, the battery B or other consumers in the on-board electrical system 110 are powered by such an alternator 30 .

Furthermore, a charge regulator LR with a control unit 40a is provided, which is fed by the generator voltage UG and, in the case of the voltage regulation of the battery _B , the switch 42a is actuated in such a way that the path of the rectifier 36 34a, 35a are short-circuited. In order to prevent a parallel short-circuit of the battery B, a further diode D is provided, which is arranged after the rectifier 36 in such a way that this is prevented. In the open state of switch 42a, rectifier 36 operates normally and thus charges battery B or electrical store S with electrical energy.

FIG. 1 c shows three graphs which show the associated voltage profile with respect to the rotational angle of the rotor 32 of the electric machine 30 . In the upper diagram, the voltage profile at the phases U, V, W and the associated phase voltage Up are _plotted . It should generally be understood that the numbers and value ranges illustrated in this graph and in the following graphs are exemplary only and, therefore, do not limit the invention in principle.

The generator voltage UG is shown in the middle diagram, which is formed by the envelope curves of the positive and negative half-waves of the voltage profiles U, _V , W.

In the lower diagram, the rectified generator voltage _UG- (see Fig. 1b) is finally shown together with the effective value _UGeff of this generator voltage _UG- , which is applied between B+ and B-.

In Fig. 2, a stator 33 is schematically shown with phases U, V, W and positive diodes 34 and negative diodes 35 from Fig. 1b. In principle, it should be understood that the rectifier elements shown here in the form of positive diodes 34 and negative diodes 35 can also be designed as transistors, in particular MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor-field) in the case of an active rectifier. effect transistor) (not shown). In addition, the nomenclature of the voltages and currents used in the following is shown.

U _U , U _V , U _W alternatively represent the phase voltages of the associated phases U, V, W, as they drop between the outer conductor and the star connection of the stator 33 . U _UV , U _VW , U _WU represent the voltage between two phases or between their associated outer conductors.

I _U , I _V , I _W represent the phase currents of the phases U, V, W to the respective outer conductors of the star junction. I represents the total current of all phases after rectification.

In FIG. 3 a , three phase voltages U _U , U _V , U _W are now shown, which in the three diagrams have a potential reference with respect to B- with respect to time, as they would in a rotor with an outer pole The outer pole rotor has six permanent magnets, as occurs in the generator. This view of an electric machine 30 with three-phase stator windings 33 can only be seen by way of example, wherein, in principle, without limiting the generality, the device according to the invention can also be used for generators which generate electricity The machine has a corresponding number of phases or permanent magnets or excitation coils as required. Likewise, instead of the stator-coil star-wiring, a delta-wiring or other wiring methods can also be selected.

For an electric machine 30 with a current output, the course of the phase voltages U _U , U _V , U _W in a first approximation is rectangular. This is explained in particular by the fact that the positive or negative diode conducts electricity in the direction of flow through the generator voltage, and thus measures approximately 15-16 volts (battery charging voltage in the case of a 12V lead-acid battery and in the positive diode voltage at ) or minus 0.7-1 volts (voltage at the negative diode). The reference potential for the measurement is the earth, respectively. Other reference point positions can also be selected, for example the star junction of the stator. This indicates a deviating signal course, but does not change the information that can be evaluated, its acquisition and analysis.

In principle, the phase signals (U _U , U _V , U _W , I _U , _IV , I _W ) can be acquired in different ways. For example, it is possible to obtain the phase voltages (U _UV , U _UW , U _WU ) from each other, to obtain the phase voltages through the diodes of the connected rectifiers with respect to their output terminals (B+, B-), as long as the stator of the motor is connected to the The star connection is in a star connection, taking into account the evaluation of the output voltage of the wire harness (Stränge) relative to the star connection (U _U , U _V , U _W ) or similar, phase currents.

The phase voltages U _U , U _V , U _W from Fig. 3a are collectively plotted in Fig. 3b. Here, a uniform phase shift can be clearly identified.

During one complete rotation of the rotor 32 of the electric machine 30 , the voltage signal is repeated six times through six magnets, in particular permanent magnets, so-called pole pairs. Thus, six falling edges FLD and six rising edges _FLU occur per phase, that is to say per revolution of each rotor 32 for each phase voltage U _U , U _V , _{U W} (for the corresponding phase _FLUU , FL _VU , FL _WU and FL _UD , FL _VD , FL _WD ).

These edges define the angular sections, ie the angular sections that are covered by the magnets exactly along the radial circumference of the stator. According to this, when the corresponding edge _FLU or _FLD is detected, it can be obtained when the absolute reference point for each cycle is known, which is obtained, for example, with reference to the reference magnet using the phase voltages U _U , U _V , U _W . , characterized by different characteristics from other magnets.

Now, with a suitable device, the falling edge _FLD and the rising edge _FLU can be identified. For example, for each phase voltage, a TTL-signal can be generated by means of a so-called Schmitt-trigger and transmitted to the controller. The required Schmitt triggers can be integrated in the controller or in the control electronics (eg controller, regulator for battery voltage) and/or, in the case of active rectifiers, in the corresponding Alternatively, it can also be assigned externally in the generator controller. Especially with the use of a controller, in particular the engine controller 122 (see Fig. 1a), the individual TTL-signals can be appropriately synthesized either through each line or through upstream combined electronics or other devices, enabling only It is transmitted through a data line 124 .

In Figure 3b, the values W _U , W _V , W _W are assigned to the ends of the respective falling edges of the phase voltages U _U , U _V , U _W , respectively, said values are also denoted W _Ud , W _Vd , W _wd . Likewise, the corresponding values W _Uu , W _Vu , W _Wu can also be assigned to the rising edge _FLU . These values can also be used to identify the rotational angular position α ₁ of the rotor 32 , or, alternatively, the angular increments determined by the pole pairs of the stator 33 . It is also possible to identify the rotational angular position α ₁ of the rotor 32 with reference to plateau plateaus of the phase signal or other regions in between. Likewise, these values can also be used to obtain the rotational speed of the motor 30 with reference to the time differences Δt ₁ , Δt ₂ , Δt ₃ .

In this case, when the six permanent magnets are arranged uniformly in the electric machine 30 , a total of 18 falling edges FLd occur, and thus the 18 assigned values per revolution occur in each case at equal distances from each other. Therefore, an angle of 360°/18=20° is swept during the time difference Δt ₁ , Δt ₂ or Δt ₃ . As already mentioned at the outset, this can also be used to identify the rotational angular position α ₁ of the rotor 32 , wherein the exemplarily acquired 20° represents a detectable angular increment. In addition, the angular velocity ω _i can also be obtained by this. This results from ω _i =20°/Δt _i , and the associated rotational speed _ni results from rotational speed per minute _ni =ω _i /360°·60 s/min.

It can be understood in principle that, instead of the falling edge _FLD , the rising edge can also be used to obtain the rotational angular position α ₁ of the rotor 32 and also the instantaneous rotational speed n _Gen of the electric machine 30 . A correspondingly higher resolution of the rotational angular position α ₁ and the rotational speed n _Gen of the rotor 32 results from the doubled number of values per revolution. Furthermore, the edges of the phases can be evaluated in various other ways, for example by the time interval of the rising edge _FLU and the falling edge _FLD of the respective identical phase or by the time interval of the respective phases relative to each other, or by the The time interval of the rising edge _FLU or the falling edge _FLD or the time interval common to all phases.

In addition to the rising edge FLU and the falling edge _FLD , the zero crossings of the phase signals _{U U} , U _V , U _W can also be used to obtain the rotational angular position α ₁ of the rotor 32 or to improve the speed detection n _Gen resolution.

The actual rotational angular position α ₁ of the rotor 32 and its shaft 17 and thus the rotational angular position α of the crankshaft 17 ′ can be derived from the electrical signals of the electric machine 30 (in particular the phase signals U _U , U _V , U _W or the corresponding ones associated therewith). The phase currents I _U , I _V , I _W ) are determined only with insufficient accuracy, since in the case of a loaded electric machine 30 a system failure can occur due to the current flow, which is in the form of a The angular offset between the phase position of the signals U _U , U _V , U _W or I _U , _IV , I _W and the actual rotational angular position α ₁ of the rotor 32 . This is explained in more detail in the following figures.

Another embodiment of the charge regulator LR is shown in Figure 4a. Elements that are the same or of the same type as in the first embodiment (see FIG. 1 b ) are designated with the same reference numerals, or with the same reference numerals supplemented by a further letter b. The basic description of known elements, with reference to this embodiment and in principle to the following further embodiment, in principle to the description of this embodiment, and, with regard to the corresponding description, only shown relative to further embodiments The change.

In this exemplary embodiment, a schematic two-phase electric machine 30 is taken as a starting point, which has phases U and V, to which U _U or U _V is respectively applied. Specifically, Figure 4a shows a single-phase device with two outgoing coil ends. It consists of two coils, one end of which is drawn out and the other end of which is connected, and, therefore, structurally shows a single-phase device. A special feature of this embodiment is that a control unit is arranged in the engine controller 122 , said control unit 40b loading the switch 42b for charging regulation or short-circuiting of the first branch 34b or the second branch 35b of the rectifier 36 . Furthermore, a rotational speed detection device 45 is arranged in this engine control unit 122 . It has a communication connection 46 to a signal generator 47 which is connected to at least one of the phases (V) in order to acquire the edge FLU or _{FLV of the phase voltages U U , U V , said edge} It is necessary to obtain the rotational speed of the motor 30 . The basic acquisition of the rotational speed n has already been described at the outset (in particular with reference to Fig. 3b).

Another embodiment of the charge regulator LR is shown in FIG. 4b. Here too, the switch 42c is actuated by the control unit 40c, wherein in the closed position of the switch 42c the switch is conducting and the branch 35c or 34c (not shown here) of the rectifier 36 is correspondingly short-circuited. In this case, this takes place phase by phase for the phases U, V, W, since here diodes D ₁ to D ₃ are assigned to each phase. Depending on the phase position, the corresponding phase is short-circuited, and overcharging of battery B is prevented. Here, the diode _DH of the first branch 34c of the rectifier 36 prevents that the battery B is also short-circuited when the respective phases U, V, W are short-circuited.

In Figure 4c, another embodiment of the charge regulator LR is depicted. Here, the second paths 35d of the U, V, W rectifiers 36 of each phase each have a switch 42d in the form of a transistor, which is shown in the form of a MOSFET-transistor as a diode with a corresponding reverse diode transistor. The transistors each have a rectifying function in the lower path 35d of the rectifier and a short-circuiting function of the respective phase to which the respective transistor is assigned. Thereby, the rectifier 36 is short-circuited by corresponding actuation of the corresponding transistor 42d by the control unit 40d, and the current flow I into the battery B is thus inhibited. Here again, the short circuit of the battery B is prevented by the diode _DH in the first path 34d.

Likewise, transistors can be used in the upper path 34d and, for this reason, diodes can be used in the lower path 35d. In this case, the regulation of the current flow I takes place by a short circuit on the upper path 34d, while the lower path 35d avoids a short circuit of the battery B (corresponding means not shown).

In Figure 4d, another embodiment of the charge regulator LR is depicted. Here, the first path 34e is equipped with a transistor _TH and the second path 35e is equipped with a transistor _TL , which are assigned to the respective phases U, V, W, respectively. Correspondingly, the corresponding transistors _TH , _TL can be loaded by the control unit 40e, respectively, so that the rectification of the phase voltages U _U , U _V , U _W and the short-circuiting of the corresponding paths 34e, 35e can be performed to regulate the charging of the battery B .

Currently, the control unit 40e is arranged separately from the engine controller 122, wherein the two are connected to each other by means of a data connection 125e for exchanging data or for actuating the control unit via the engine controller 122 and vice versa . For a charge regulation case, the corresponding transistors _TH , _TL are turned on in paths 35e, 34e, respectively, making them conductive. In order to protect the battery B, the corresponding transistors _TH and _TL of the corresponding other paths should be connected in the cut-off direction, so as to prevent the short circuit of the battery B.

In Figure 4e, another embodiment of the charge regulator LR is shown. Here, this embodiment differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 4d only in that the engine controller 122 and the control unit 40f are structurally housed in a common housing, which provides synergistic advantages in order to correspond to The internal combustion engine 112 or the electric machine 30 are actuated independently.

In principle, it should be understood that the computing unit 40 or the engine controller 122 can be accommodated in a common housing separately or jointly.

Claims (13)

1. the device that the charging for electrical storage (S), the battery (B) of especially vehicle onboard power grid (100) is adjusted, the electricity Memory can be loaded electric energy using motor (30), and the motor can directly or speed change is couple to internal combustion engine (112) Place, the motor include rotor (32), stator (33), and the stator has at least one phase winding (U, V, W) and is associated with institute State the rectifier (36) of at least one phase winding (U, V, W)；Described device has control unit (40), and described control unit is set Set the working voltage (U for obtaining the electrical storage (S)_B), and in the first rated value for being more than the electrical storage (S) (U_soll1) when so manipulate at least one switch (42), to forbid the electricity from the motor (30) to the electrical storage (S) Stream flowing (I).

2. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein described control unit (40) is arranged for detecting at least one value (W_Uu、W_Ud、W_Vu、W_Vd、W_Wu、W_Wd), described value occur respectively in every turn of the rotor (32) at least once and at least One phase signal (U_U、U_V、U_W、I_U、I_V、I_W) rising edge along (Fl_Uu、Fl_Vu、Fl_Wu) or the phase signal (U_U、 U_V、U_W、I_U、I_V、I_W) trailing edge along (Fl_Ud、Fl_Vd、Fl_Wd) associated, wherein detecting a value (W_Uu、W_Ud、W_Vu、W_Vd、W_Wu、 W_Wd) after, forbid from the motor (30) to the electric current flowing (I) in the electrical storage (S).

3. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein so arrange the switch (42), so that the rectifier (36) Closed position of the second path (35) of first path (34) and/or the rectifier (36) at least one switch (42) Place's short circuit, for forbidding to the electric current flowing (I) in the electrical storage (S).

4. device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein such layout elements (D, T) so that it is described extremely Prevent the short circuit of the electrical storage (S) in the closed position of a few switch (42), the element is by the electric current flowing (I) It is restricted at least one direction.

5. device according to claim 3, wherein the element (D, T) is diode (D) or transistor (T), preferably It is metal-oxide-field effect transistor, the electric current flowing (I) is restricted at least one direction by the element.

6. according to device described in claim 3 or 4, wherein in the electric current flowing (I) to the electrical storage (S) Direction on, the diode (D) be arranged in the rectifier (36) the first path (34) or the rectifier (36) downstream of second path (35).

7. device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first path of the rectifier (36) (34) and second path (35) of the rectifier (36) has at least one diode (D_H、D_L), with described for rectifying At least one phase voltage (U_U、U_V、U_W).

8. device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first path of the rectifier (36) (34) and/or second path (35) of the rectifier (36) has at least one transistor (T_H、T_L), for rectifying At least one phase voltage (U_U、U_V、U_W).

9. device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of described phase winding (U, V, W) phase Winding, preferably each phase winding (U, V, W) pass through a diode (D respectively₁、D₂、D₃) connect with the switch (40b).

10. device according to claim 7, wherein the first path (34) of the rectifier (36) and/or described Second path (35) of rectifier (36) has at least one transistor (T_H、T_L), for rectifying at least one described phase Voltage (U_U、U_V、U_W), wherein the transistor (T_H、T_L) at least one transistor be loaded as switch (42c), it is described to open Close the working voltage (U for adjusting the electrical storage (S)_B).

11. device according to any one of the preceding claims, described device with for controlling starting for internal combustion engine (12) Machine controller (122) connection, however be disposed in the structural unit with the engine controller (122), or tying It is arranged separatedly on structure, wherein described device receives adjustment signal, the adjusting from the engine controller (122) Signal is used to adjust the working voltage (U of the electrical storage (S)_B).

12. device according to any one of the preceding claims, described device has detecting element (45), the detection member Part is used to detect the revolving speed (n) or its rotary angle position (α of the rotor (32)₁).

13. the engine controller (122) for controlling internal combustion engine (12), the internal combustion engine has according in preceding claims The device and detecting element (45) of charging adjusting described in any item, for electrical storage (S), the detecting element is for examining Survey the revolving speed (n) or its rotary angle position (α of the rotor (32)₁).