CN109986284B - Forming method of integral compaction structure of reactor internals - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of reactor structure design, and particularly relates to a forming method of an integral compaction structure of an in-reactor component; the invention aims to provide a forming method of an integral compaction structure of an in-pile component aiming at the defects of the prior art; the production of the section and the matched welding material is cancelled, and the production period is shortened; all full penetration welding seams are cancelled, so that the welding deformation of the structure is avoided, and the forming quality is improved; the process of machining a plurality of flow through holes is cancelled, so that the machining deformation of the structure is avoided; the integrally formed compression structure is adopted, so that the structure is good in continuity and better in mechanical property; the integrally formed compaction structure has uniform structural material performance, and particularly has no difference in material performance in the thickness direction of the structure; the manufacturing process is greatly simplified, and the manufacturing period is greatly shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of reactor structure design, and particularly relates to a forming method of an integral compaction structure of an in-reactor component.
Background
The compaction structure of the reactor internals is a key part of the reactor structure, and the current common manufacturing process comprises the following steps: the skirt cylinder is formed by welding a coiled plate, the upper supporting flange and the lower supporting plate which are processed by the forge piece are connected with the skirt cylinder in a full penetration welding manner to form a whole, a plurality of layers of water flow through holes which are uniformly distributed along the radial direction are processed, and the required raw materials comprise plates, the forge piece and matched welding materials. The manufacturing process has the advantages of long time period, complex welding process, large welding deformation, long processing period and large processing deformation when a plurality of through holes are processed.
The electro-melting additive manufacturing technology is a 3D printing technology, and is a technology for realizing manufacturing through gradual accumulation of materials compared with the traditional material reduction manufacturing technology such as machining and the like, the manufacturing technology does not need traditional section bar production and assembly welding, can realize the manufacturing of a complex structure which is difficult or impossible to process in the traditional process, can effectively simplify the production process, and shortens the manufacturing period. The electric melting additive manufacturing technology takes special steel wire materials/powder and special metallurgical auxiliary materials as raw materials, realizes the manufacturing of a compact structure by high-efficiency in-situ metallurgical melting and layer-by-layer accumulation of strong current, greatly simplifies the manufacturing process, cancels full penetration welding seams, does not need to process a large number of flow through holes, reduces the manufacturing difficulty and shortens the manufacturing period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forming method of an integral compaction structure of an in-pile component, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for forming a monolithic compaction structure of a reactor internals comprises the following steps:
selecting an electric melting additive manufacturing raw material, and selecting a Z2CN19-10 (nitrogen control) wire material and an auxiliary material which meet the requirements of tables 1 and 2, wherein the diameter of the wire material is between 0.8mm and 4 mm;
determining additive manufacturing program compiling according to a drawing of a required manufactured in-pile component compression structure and considering inspection sampling size allowance related to material inspection;
cleaning the surface of the base plate for material increase, and grinding and polishing the surface of the base plate;
forming the lower supporting plate (3) by adopting an electric arc as a heat source and a wire feeding cladding method, and cladding and accumulating layer by layer until the size of additive manufacturing required by design is finished, wherein the preheating temperature of the electric melting matrix is not lower than 15 ℃ and the inter-channel temperature is not more than 180 ℃ during cladding and accumulating;
step five, after the lower supporting plate (3) is printed and formed, the skirt cylinder (2) and the upper supporting flange (1) are formed by the same method;
and step six, carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the integral compaction structure formed by the electric melting additive, wherein the heat treatment system is as follows: (1000-1100) DEG C (1-4) h + water cooling, wherein the number of times of solution heat treatment is not more than 2, and the grain size grade after solution heat treatment is 4-7 grade;
step seven, machining the integral compact structure after electric melting additive forming until the final size and surface roughness requirements required by a drawing are met;
step eight, after the processing is finished, carrying out size stabilization treatment on the integral type compression structure, wherein the temperature of the size stabilization treatment is (400-450) DEG C multiplied by (6-12) h;
ninthly, carrying out liquid permeation inspection on the integral compression structure:
(1) the temperature of the test piece and the penetrant should be controlled during the whole liquid penetrant testing process
The temperature is kept between 10 ℃ and 50 ℃, the residence time of the liquid penetrant is at least 20 minutes, and the penetrant must be kept in a wet state in the whole penetration time;
(2) deionized water with the temperature of 10-45 ℃ is used for removing redundant penetrating agent, clean sponge or absorbent paper is used for scrubbing, and water with the pressure of less than 2bar can be used for washing, and natural drying is adopted for preventing over-cleaning;
(3) coating a layer of fine and uniform developer on the surface to be detected after drying;
(4) and observing under the illumination of not less than 500Lux by naked eyes. The evaluation must be completed within 10 to 30 minutes after drying.
Step ten, recording only the defect display of more than 2mm by liquid penetration inspection, and requiring that the following defects are not allowed to appear:
(1) linear display defects;
(2) a circular display defect having a maximum dimension greater than 4 mm;
(3)3 or more than 3 defects are displayed on a straight line, and the distance between the display edges is less than 3 mm;
(4) the area is 100cm2There are 5 or more than 5 displays within the range of the rectangular frame, the rectangular frame is selected to be in the region where the display is most dense and the maximum side length of the rectangular frame is not more than 20 cm.
Step eleven, carrying out ultrasonic inspection on the integral compression structure:
(1) the nominal frequency of the probe for detection is 1 MHz-2.5 MHz;
(2) the diameter of the wafer of the straight probe is phi 10 mm-phi 40mm, and the area of the wafer of the inclined probe is 300mm 2-625 mm 2;
(3) the refraction angle K value of the oblique probe is generally 35-63 ℃ (K0.7-K2);
(4) the grain size and the acoustic characteristic of the reference block are approximately similar to those of the tested piece, and the difference between the attenuation coefficients of the grain size and the acoustic characteristic is not more than 4 Db/m;
(5) and during detection, a direct contact method is adopted in a coupling mode, and coupling compensation, attenuation compensation and curved surface compensation are performed according to actual conditions.
Step twelve, ultrasonic inspection does not allow the following two defects to occur:
(1) any volume type display, the maximum amplitude H of the reflected wave of the defectd>Amplitude H of reflected wave on round hole of reference blockrA length equal to or greater than 100 mm;
(2) the continuous unfused display has the reflected wave height equal to or greater than the reference wave height.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the production of the section bar and the matched welding material is cancelled, and the production period is shortened.
2) All full penetration welding seams are cancelled, so that the welding deformation of the structure is avoided, and the forming quality is improved;
3) the process of machining a plurality of flow through holes is cancelled, so that the machining deformation of the structure is avoided;
4) the integrally formed compression structure is adopted, so that the structure is good in continuity and better in mechanical property;
5) the integrally formed compaction structure has uniform structural material performance, and particularly has no difference in material performance in the thickness direction of the structure;
6) the manufacturing process is greatly simplified, and the manufacturing period is greatly shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a compression joint formed by assembling and welding various parts;
FIG. 2 is a structural drawing of an integral type compaction by electric melting additive forming
In fig. 1: 1-upper support flange; 2-skirt tube; 3-lower supporting plate; 4-water flow through hole.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
a method for forming a monolithic compaction structure of a reactor internals comprises the following steps:
selecting an electric melting additive manufacturing raw material, and selecting a Z2CN19-10 (nitrogen control) wire material and an auxiliary material which meet the requirements of tables 1 and 2, wherein the diameter of the wire material is between 0.8mm and 4 mm;
determining additive manufacturing program compiling according to a drawing of a required manufactured in-pile component compression structure and considering inspection sampling size allowance related to material inspection;
cleaning the surface of the base plate for material increase, and grinding and polishing the surface of the base plate;
forming the lower supporting plate (3) by adopting an electric arc as a heat source and a wire feeding cladding method, and cladding and accumulating layer by layer until the size of additive manufacturing required by design is finished, wherein the preheating temperature of the electric melting matrix is not lower than 15 ℃ and the inter-channel temperature is not more than 180 ℃ during cladding and accumulating;
step five, after the lower supporting plate (3) is printed and formed, the skirt cylinder (2) and the upper supporting flange (1) are formed by the same method;
and step six, carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the integral compaction structure formed by the electric melting additive, wherein the heat treatment system is as follows: (1000-1100) DEG C (1-4) h + water cooling, wherein the number of times of solution heat treatment is not more than 2, and the grain size grade after solution heat treatment is 4-7 grade;
step seven, machining the integral compact structure after electric melting additive forming until the final size and surface roughness requirements required by a drawing are met;
step eight, after the processing is finished, carrying out size stabilization treatment on the integral type compression structure, wherein the temperature of the size stabilization treatment is (400-450) DEG C multiplied by (6-12) h;
ninthly, carrying out liquid permeation inspection on the integral compression structure:
(1) the temperature of the test piece and the penetrant should be controlled during the whole liquid penetrant testing process
The temperature is kept between 10 ℃ and 50 ℃, the residence time of the liquid penetrant is at least 20 minutes, and the penetrant must be kept in a wet state in the whole penetration time;
(2) deionized water with the temperature of 10-45 ℃ is used for removing redundant penetrating agent, clean sponge or absorbent paper is used for scrubbing, and water with the pressure of less than 2bar can be used for washing, and natural drying is adopted for preventing over-cleaning;
(3) coating a layer of fine and uniform developer on the surface to be detected after drying;
(4) and observing under the illumination of not less than 500Lux by naked eyes. The evaluation must be completed within 10 to 30 minutes after drying.
Step ten, recording only the defect display of more than 2mm by liquid penetration inspection, and requiring that the following defects are not allowed to appear:
(1) linear display defects;
(2) a circular display defect having a maximum dimension greater than 4 mm;
(3)3 or more than 3 defects are displayed on a straight line, and the distance between the display edges is less than 3 mm;
(4) the area is 100cm2There are 5 or more than 5 displays within the range of the rectangular frame, the rectangular frame is selected to be in the region where the display is most dense and the maximum side length of the rectangular frame is not more than 20 cm.
Step eleven, carrying out ultrasonic inspection on the integral compression structure:
(1) the nominal frequency of the probe for detection is 1 MHz-2.5 MHz;
(2) the diameter of the wafer of the straight probe is phi 10 mm-phi 40mm, and the area of the wafer of the inclined probe is 300mm 2-625 mm 2;
(3) the refraction angle K value of the oblique probe is generally 35-63 ℃ (K0.7-K2);
(4) the grain size and the acoustic characteristic of the reference block are approximately similar to those of the tested piece, and the difference between the attenuation coefficients of the grain size and the acoustic characteristic is not more than 4 Db/m;
(5) and during detection, a direct contact method is adopted in a coupling mode, and coupling compensation, attenuation compensation and curved surface compensation are performed according to actual conditions.
Step twelve, ultrasonic inspection does not allow the following two defects to occur:
(1) any volume type display, the maximum amplitude H of the reflected wave of the defectd>Amplitude H of reflected wave on round hole of reference blockrA length equal to or greater than 100 mm;
(2) the continuous unfused display has the reflected wave height equal to or greater than the reference wave height.
Examples
In the existing compaction structure design of the reactor internals, the compaction structure is divided into an upper support flange (1), a skirt cylinder (2) and a lower support plate (3) based on the welding process after assembly of each part, as shown in the attached figure 1. The skirt cylinder (2) is made into a cylindrical structure by adopting plate rolling, full penetration welding is carried out along the axial direction of the cylindrical structure, the upper support flange (1), the skirt cylinder (2) and the lower support plate (3) are assembled and then are subjected to circumferential full penetration welding, and then a plurality of layers of flow through holes (4) which are uniformly distributed along the radial direction are processed to manufacture a complete compact structure.
The invention is based on the electric melting additive manufacturing technology, designs the compaction structure into an integral structure, namely eliminates connecting welding seams among structures and special requirements on raw materials such as forgings, plates and the like, and cancels the processing procedure of processing flow through holes. Based on an electric melting additive manufacturing technology, the compaction structure is stacked and formed layer by layer to obtain an integral compaction structure, as shown in figure 2.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1) selecting an electric melting additive manufacturing raw material, and selecting a Z2CN19-10 (nitrogen control) wire material and an auxiliary material, wherein the chemical composition and the mechanical property of the wire material meet the following requirements, and the diameter of the wire material is between 0.8mm and 4 mm;
TABLE 1 chemical composition requirements
TABLE 2 mechanical Property requirements
2) Determining additive manufacturing program compiling according to a drawing of a compaction structure of the in-pile component to be manufactured and considering inspection sampling size allowance related to material inspection;
3) cleaning the surface of the base plate for material increase, and grinding and polishing the surface of the base plate;
4) forming the lower supporting plate (3) shown in figure 1 by adopting an electric arc as a heat source and a wire feeding cladding method, and cladding and accumulating layer by layer until the size of additive manufacturing required by design is finished, wherein the preheating temperature of an electric melting matrix is not lower than 15 ℃ and the inter-channel temperature is not more than 180 ℃ during cladding and accumulating;
5) after the lower supporting plate (3) is printed and formed, the skirt cylinder (2) and the upper supporting flange (1) are formed by the same method;
6) carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the integral compaction structure formed by electric melting additive, wherein the heat treatment system is as follows: (1000-1100) DEG C (1-4) h + water cooling, wherein the number of times of solution heat treatment is not more than 2, and the grain size grade after solution heat treatment is 4-7 grade;
7) after electric melting additive forming, machining the integral compact structure until the final size and surface roughness requirements required by a drawing are met;
8) after the processing is finished, carrying out size stabilization treatment on the integral compact structure, wherein the temperature of the size stabilization treatment is (400-450) DEG C multiplied by (6-12) h;
9) the liquid permeation test is carried out on the integral compact structure according to the following requirements:
● the temperature of the tested piece and the penetrating agent should be kept between 10-50 deg.C, the residence time of the liquid penetrating agent should be at least 20 minutes, and the penetrating agent must be kept in a wet state during the whole penetration time;
● removing excessive penetrant with deionized water at 10-45 deg.C, scrubbing with clean sponge or absorbent paper, or washing with water of less than 2bar, and naturally drying to prevent over-cleaning;
● coating a fine and uniform layer of developer on the surface to be inspected after drying;
● were observed with the naked eye under illumination of no less than 500 Lux. The evaluation must be completed within 10 to 30 minutes after drying (including the washing time).
10) The integral compression structure is subjected to ultrasonic inspection according to the following requirements:
● the nominal frequency of the probe for detection is 1 MHz-2.5 MHz;
● the diameter of the wafer of the straight probe is phi 10 mm-phi 40mm, the area of the wafer of the oblique probe is 300mm 2-625 mm 2;
● angle of refraction (K value) of the angle probe, generally 35 deg.C-63 deg.C (K0.7-K2);
● the grain size and acoustic characteristic of the reference block should be approximately similar to those of the tested piece, and the difference between the attenuation coefficients is not more than 4 Db/m;
and during detection, a direct contact method is adopted in a coupling mode, and coupling compensation, attenuation compensation and curved surface compensation are performed according to actual conditions.
Claims (1)
1. A method for forming an integral compaction structure of a reactor internals is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
selecting an electric melting additive manufacturing raw material, and selecting a Z2CN19-10 nitrogen-controlling wire material and an auxiliary material which meet the requirement, wherein the diameter of the wire material is between 0.8mm and 4 mm;
determining additive manufacturing program compiling according to a drawing of a required manufactured in-pile component compression structure and considering inspection sampling size allowance related to material inspection;
cleaning the surface of the base plate for material increase, and grinding and polishing the surface of the base plate;
forming the lower supporting plate (3) by adopting an electric arc as a heat source and a wire feeding cladding method, and cladding and accumulating layer by layer until the size of additive manufacturing required by design is finished, wherein the preheating temperature of the electric melting matrix is not lower than 15 ℃ and the inter-channel temperature is not more than 180 ℃ during cladding and accumulating;
step five, after the lower supporting plate (3) is printed and formed, the skirt cylinder (2) and the upper supporting flange (1) are formed by the same method;
step six, carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the integral compaction structure formed by electric melting additive, wherein the heat treatment temperature is as follows: (1000-1100) DEG C (1-4) h + water cooling, wherein the number of times of solution heat treatment is not more than 2, and the grain size grade after solution heat treatment is 4-7 grade;
step seven, machining the integral compact structure after electric melting additive forming until the final size and surface roughness requirements required by a drawing are met;
step eight, after the processing is finished, carrying out size stabilization treatment on the integral type compression structure, wherein the temperature of the size stabilization treatment is (400-450) DEG C multiplied by (6-12) h;
ninthly, carrying out liquid permeation inspection on the integral compression structure:
(1) in the whole liquid penetration inspection process, the temperature of the inspected piece and the penetrating agent is kept between 10 ℃ and 50 ℃, the retention time of the liquid penetrating agent is at least 20 minutes, and the penetrating agent must be kept in a wet state in the whole penetration time;
(2) removing redundant penetrant by using deionized water with the temperature of 10-45 ℃, scrubbing by using clean sponge or absorbent paper, or washing by using water with the pressure of less than 2bar, and naturally drying to prevent over-cleaning;
(3) coating a layer of fine and uniform developer on the surface to be detected after drying;
(4) observing under the illumination of not less than 500Lux by naked eyes, and finishing evaluation within 10-30 minutes after drying;
step ten, recording only the defect display of more than 2mm by liquid penetration inspection, and requiring that the following defects are not allowed to appear:
(1) linear display defects;
(2) a circular display defect having a maximum dimension greater than 4 mm;
(3)3 or more than 3 defects are displayed on a straight line, and the distance between the display edges is less than 3 mm;
(4) the area is 100cm2The rectangular frame has 5 or more than 5 displays, the rectangular frame is selected in the area with the most dense display, and the maximum side length of the rectangular frame is not more than 20 cm;
step eleven, carrying out ultrasonic inspection on the integral compression structure:
(1) the nominal frequency of the probe for detection is 1 MHz-2.5 MHz;
(2) the diameter of the wafer of the straight probe is phi 10 mm-phi 40mm, and the area of the wafer of the oblique probe is 300mm2～625mm2；
(3) The refraction angle of the oblique probe is 35-63 degrees;
(4) the grain size and the acoustic characteristic of the reference block are similar to those of the tested piece, and the difference value of the attenuation coefficients of the grain size and the acoustic characteristic is not more than 4 Db/m;
(5) during detection, a direct contact method is adopted as a coupling mode, and coupling compensation, attenuation compensation and curved surface compensation are carried out according to actual conditions;
step twelve, ultrasonic inspection does not allow the following two defects to occur:
(1) any volume type display, the maximum amplitude Hd of the defect reflected wave is greater than the amplitude Hr/2 of the reflected wave on the round hole of the reference test block, and the length of the display is equal to or greater than 100 mm;
(2) the continuous unfused display has the reflected wave height equal to or greater than the reference wave height.
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| CN114720562A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-08 | 承德建龙特殊钢有限公司 | Method for ultrasonically detecting internal defect equivalent of continuous casting round billet |
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| 华龙一号控制棒导向筒组件监理质量控制重点;林金平等;《设备监理》;20170131(第01期);第52-55页 * |
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