CN100418506C - 抗病菌沾染组合物 - Google Patents
抗病菌沾染组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100418506C CN100418506C CNB998092576A CN99809257A CN100418506C CN 100418506 C CN100418506 C CN 100418506C CN B998092576 A CNB998092576 A CN B998092576A CN 99809257 A CN99809257 A CN 99809257A CN 100418506 C CN100418506 C CN 100418506C
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- Prior art keywords
- compositions
- skin
- alkyl
- purposes
- pathogenic bacteria
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
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Abstract
抑制病菌沾染皮肤的方法,包括在皮肤上涂抹一种组合物,该组合物含有:(a)清洁皮肤有效量表面活性剂或表面活性剂混合物,(b)抑制病菌沾染皮肤有效量的硅氧烷组分,并从皮肤上冲洗掉所说的组合物。
Description
发明背景
个人保养产业已长期致力于研究清洁皮肤用的碱性组合物。现在的基本要求还只包括除去病菌和污秽,但消费大众正在寻求超出清洁皮肤基本要求之外的附加优点。近来,强调的中心针对公众接触使用的各种物件和场所,如ATM(自动售票、自动出纳现金)机、公共电话、公共休息室、体育馆等等传布的病菌。新的杀菌组合物近来已上市。然而,许多这样的产品用了大量的醇为皮肤除菌。这些产品所针对的是消除处理之前已存在于皮肤上的病菌。因此,人们希望通常用作为洗洁产品的清洁组合物应赋予较长期存留的“抗病菌”作用,它在冲洗之后能抑制病菌再沾染。
这样的产品不应仅限于对一种或少数几种皮肤上存在的病菌有活性。它应当适用于很多种类的病菌,不管其为革兰氏阴性或革兰氏阳性,或为病菌分类体系中无论那种类型。几种含有活性药剂的组合物看来是通过阻止特定的病菌沾染皮肤而起作用。但是已公开的含这些药剂的组合物仅针对一种或少数几种特定的病菌。
现已发现一种比较简单的洗净皮肤的清洁组合物,它具有冲洗皮肤后很长一段时间内抑制病菌沾染皮肤的能力,且能抑制广谱病菌。这种形式的标准洗净皮肤清洁组合物为每日清洗皮肤的人们提供了所期望的优点。另外,它还对那些皮肤特别需要减少病菌量,例如有特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、免疫缺损症状等的人群提供很大利益。
本发明组合物的再一个好处是,用它处理皮肤后,用水冲洗可以更容易地从皮肤上除去存留的病菌。这种情形在组合物最初冲洗后一段时间内可以保持。
发明概述
按本发明,介绍一种抑制病菌沾染皮肤的方法,此方法包括对皮肤涂用一种组合物,以及从皮肤上冲洗掉所说的组合物,该组合物包含:
(a)清洁皮肤用的有效量表面活性剂或多种表面活性剂混合物,
(b)抑制病菌沾染皮肤的有效量硅氧烷组分。
本发明的另一方面是有附加阳离子型物料,优选阳离子型聚合物组分的组合物。
另外,达到抑制病菌沾染目标的组合物是上述(a)和(b)的组合物。
此外,介绍含有下述成分的组合物在制备能抑制病菌沾染皮肤的皮肤洁清用品中的应用,
(a)清洁皮肤用的有效量表面活性剂或多种表面活性剂混合物,
(b)抑制病菌沾染皮肤的有效量硅氧烷组分,
此组合物可以在许多实用场合起作用。它可以减少从无生命物体上传布的病菌,如门把手、电话、水龙头等等,以及通过皮肤对皮肤的接触,如握手而致的病菌。总之,可以通过在皮肤与病菌接触之前使皮肤与本发明组合物接触来减少病菌传染到皮肤上的可能性。
发明详述
本发明说明书和权利要求中所用的术语“病菌”意思是细菌和病毒,特别是细菌。要抑制的沾染皮肤的细菌实例包括金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、极小棒状杆菌、埃希氏大肠杆菌、霍乱沙门氏菌和粘质沙雷菌。病毒的例子包括人鼻病毒和人轮状病毒。
可以用在组合物中的表面活性剂包括下列各类:阴离子型、两性型、非离子型和阳离子型,单独用或结合使用。肥皂,长链烷基或链烯基、分支的或正系的羧酸盐,如钠、钾、铵或取代铵盐可以存在于组合物中。长链烷基或链烯基一般是约8~22碳原子长度,优选约10~20碳原子的,更优选烷基并最优选正系的或带小支链的正系烷基。在主烷基部分可存在少量的烯键(一个或多个),特别是如果“烷基”的来源是由天然产物,如牛脂、椰子油等得到时更是这样。
非肥皂的阴离子型表面活性剂的例子包括(但不限于)烷基硫酸盐、阴离子酰基肌氨酸盐、酰基牛磺酸甲酯、N-酰基谷氨酸盐、酰基乙磺酸盐、磺基琥珀酸烷基酯、烷基磷酸酯、乙氧基化烷基磷酸酯、硫酸十三烷基酯、蛋白缩合物、乙氧基化烷基硫酸盐的混合物等等。
这些表面活性剂的烷基链是C8~C22,优选C10~C18,更优选C12~C14,阴离子型非肥皂表面活性剂以分子结构中有含约8~22个碳原子的烷基以及磺酸或硫酸酯基的(高级酰基的烷基部分也包括在所述烷基中)有机硫酸碱金属盐为代表。优选钠、铵、钾或三乙醇胺烷基硫酸盐,特别是那些是通过高级醇(C8~C18个碳原子)硫酸化得到的盐,椰油脂肪酸单酸甘油酯硫酸和磺酸钠;1mole高级脂肪醇,如牛酯或椰油的醇类与1~12mole环氧乙烷反应产物的硫酸钠盐或钾盐;每分子有1~10个单元环氧乙烷的烷基酚环氧乙烷醚硫酸钠或钾盐,以及其中烷基含8~12个碳原子的烷基甘油基醚磺酸钠;具有10~22个碳原子的脂肪酸用羟乙磺酸酯化并用氢氧化钠中和的反应产物;脂肪酸与肌氨酸的缩合产物的水溶性盐;以及其它本领域已知的物料。
两性离子表面活性剂可以以下面的例子来说明,它们可被广义地描述为脂族季铵、鏻化合物和锍化合物,其中脂族基可以是直链或支链的,而其中脂族取代基之一含约8~18个碳原子,且一个取代基含有阴离子型加溶于水的基团,如羧酸根、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根。这些化合物的通式是:
式中R2包含约8~约18个碳原子的烷基、链烯基或羟烷基自由基,含0~约10个环氧乙烷部分和0~1个甘油基部分;Y选自氮、磷和硫原子;R3是含1~约3个碳原子的烷基或单羟烷基;当Y是硫原子时,X是1,当Y是氮或磷原子时,X是2;R4是0~约4个碳原子的亚烷基或羟基亚烷基;而Z是选自羧酸根、磺酸根、硫酸根、膦酸脂和磷酸根基团。
例子包括:4-[N,N-二(2-羟基乙基)-N-十八烷基氨基]丁烷-1-羧酸盐(酯),5-[S-3-羟丙基-S-十六烷基磺基]-3-羟基戊烷-1-硫酸盐(酯),3-[P,P-P-二乙基-P-3,6,9-三氧杂十四烷基-磷鎓基]-2-羟基丙烷-1-磷酸盐(酯),3-[N,N-二丙基-N-(3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)氨基]丙烷-1-膦酸酯,3-(N,N-二甲基-N-十六烷基氨基)丙烷-1-磺酸盐(酯),3-(N,N-二甲基-N-十六烷基氨基)-2-羟基丙烷-1-磺酸盐(酯),4-[N,N-二(2-羟基乙基)-N-(2-羟基十二烷基)氨基]丁烷-1-羧酸盐(酯),3-[S-乙基-S-(3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)锍基]丙烷-1-磷酸盐(酯),3-(P,P-二甲基-P-十二烷基磷鎓基)丙烷-1-膦酸酯,以及5-[N,N-二(3-羟基丙基)-N-十六烷基氨基]-2-羟基丙烷-1-硫酸盐(酯)。
可以用于本发明组合物的两性表面活性剂例子是那些可被广义地称为脂族仲胺和叔胺的衍生物,其中脂族基可以是直链或支链的,而其中脂族取代基之一包含约8~18个碳原子且一个取代基包含阴离子型加溶于水的基团,如羧酸根、磺酸根、硫酸根,磷酸根或膦酸根。在这个定义之内的化合物的例子是3-十二烷基氨基丙酸钠、3-十二烷基氨基丙磺酸钠,N-烷基牛磺酸如按US 2,658,072指出的十二烷基胺与羟乙磺酸钠反应制得的化合物,按US 2,438,091的和US2,528,378中的内容制得的N-高级烷基天冬氨酸。在本组合物中其它的两性表面活性剂,如甜菜碱类也是有用的。
在本文中有用的甜菜碱类的例子包括高级烷基甜菜碱类如椰油二甲基羧甲基甜菜碱,月桂基二甲基羧甲基甜菜碱,月桂基二甲基α-羧乙基甜菜碱,癸基二甲基羧甲基甜菜碱,月桂基二(2-羟基乙基)羧基甲基甜菜碱,硬脂酰二(2-羟基丙基)羧甲基甜菜碱,油基二甲基γ-羧丙基甜菜碱,月桂基二(2-羟基丙基)-α-羧乙基甜菜碱等等。磺基甜菜碱类可以以椰油二甲基磺基丙基甜菜碱、硬脂酰二甲基磺基丙基甜菜碱、酰氨基甜菜碱类、酰氨基磺基甜菜碱类等等为代表。
许多阳离子型表面活性剂是本领域已知的。作为例子,可提到如下化合物:
硬脂酰二甲基苄基氯化铵,
十二烷基三甲基氯化铵,
壬基苄基乙基二甲基硝酸铵,
溴化十四烷基吡啶鎓,
氯化月桂基吡啶鎓,
氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓,
溴化月桂基异喹啉鎓,
二牛脂(己氢化的)二甲基氯化铵,
二月桂基二甲基氯化铵以及
氯化硬脂基碱鎓(Stearalkonium)。
另外的阳离子表面活性剂在US 4,305,543中已公开,见该专利第4栏,第58行和第5栏,第1~42行,已列入本文参考文献。又见“CTFA化妆品成分词典”,第4版,1991,509-514页,所述各种长链烷基阳离子型表面活性剂,已列入本文参考文献。
非离子表面活性剂可广义地定义为烯化氧基团(亲水性的)与性质上为脂族的或烷基芳族的疏水性有机化合物缩合而制得的化合物。优选类别的非离子表面活性剂例子是:
1.烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合物,例如,直链或为支链构型的含约6~12个碳原子烷基
的烷基酚,与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,所说的环氧乙烷量为每mole烷基酚对10~60mole环氧乙烷。在这些化合物中的烷基取代基可以由聚合的丙烯、二异丁烯、辛烷或壬烷衍生而来。
2.环氧乙烷与由环氧丙烷和1,2-乙二胺反应产物经缩合而衍生出来的那些产物,这些产物在组成上可以变化,取决于所要求的疏水性和亲水性成分之间的平衡。例如,按重量计含约40%~80%的聚氧乙烯并有由环氧乙烷基团与疏水碱反应而形成的分子量约5000~11000的一些化合物是符合要求的,该疏水碱由1,2-乙二胺与过量环氧丙烷的反应产物构成,其分子量约2500~3000。
3.具有8~18个碳原子,为直链或为支链构型的脂族醇与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,例如每mole椰子醇对10~30mole环氧乙烷的椰子醇环氧乙烷缩合物,椰子醇部分有10~14个碳原子。其它的环氧乙烷缩合产物是多元醇的乙氧基化脂肪酸酯(例如,Tween 20-聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨醇单月桂酯)。
4.相应于下列通式的长链叔胺氧化物:
R1R2R3N→O
式中R1包含约8~约18个碳原子的烷基、链烯基或单羟基烷基,0~约10个环氧乙烷部分及0~1个甘油基部分,而R2和R3是包含1~约3个碳原子和0~约1个羟基的基团,如甲基、乙基、丙基、羟乙基或羟丙基。式中的箭头是半极性键的通常表示法。适用于本发明的氧化胺类的例子包括氧化二甲基十二烷基胺,氧化油基二(2-羟基乙基)胺,氧化二甲基辛基胺,氧化二甲基癸基胺,氧化二甲基十四烷基胺,氧化3,6,9-三氧杂十七烷基二乙基胺,氧化二(2羟基乙基)十四烷基胺,氧化2-十二烷氧基乙基二甲基胺,氧化3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基二(3-羟基丙基)胺,氧化二甲基十六烷基胺。
5.相应于下列通式的长链叔膦氧化物:
RR’R”P→O
式中R包含8~20个碳原子的烷基、链烯基或单羟基烷基自由基,0-约10个环氧乙烷部分及0~1个甘油基部分,而R’和R”各自是含1~3个碳原子的烷基或单羟基烷基。式中的箭头是半极性键的常规表示法。合适的叔膦氧化物的例子是,氧化十二烷基二甲基膦,氧化十四烷基甲基乙基膦,氧化3,6,9-三氧杂十八烷基二甲基膦,氧化癸基二甲基膦,氧化3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙基二(2-羟基乙基)膦,氧化硬脂酰二甲基膦,氧化癸基乙基丙基膦,氧化油基二乙基膦,氧化十二烷基二乙基膦,氧化十四烷基二乙基膦,氧化十二烷基二丙基膦,氧化十二烷基二(羟甲基)膦,氧化十二烷基二(2-羟基乙基)膦,氧化十四烷基甲基-2-羟基丙基膦,氧化油基二甲基膦,氧化2-羟基十二烷基二甲基膦。
6.含一个1~约3个碳原子的短链烷基(通常是甲基)或羟烷基和一个含约8~约20个碳原子的烷基、链烯基、羟基烷基或酮烷基,0~约10个环氧乙烷部分及0~1个甘油基部分的长链疏水链的二烷基亚砜类。例子包括:十八烷基甲基亚砜,2-氧代十三烷基甲基亚砜,3,6,9-三氧杂十八烷基2-羟基乙基亚砜,十二烷基甲基亚砜,油基3-羟基丙基亚砜,十四烷基甲基亚砜,3-甲氧基十三烷基甲基亚砜,3-羟基十三烷基甲基亚砜,3-羟基-4-十二烷氧基丁基甲基亚砜。
7.烷基化多苷,其中烷基是约8~约20个碳原子,优选约10~约18个碳原子,苷的聚合度为约1~约3,优选约1.3~2.0。
本发明组合物也含有硅氧烷。本文中用的硅氧烷优选是硅氧烷流体,不同于硅氧烷胶。本文中定义的硅氧烷流体是25℃下粘度范围为约5~约600,000厘沲,更优选25℃下约350~约100,000厘沲。聚烷基硅氧烷,如一般称为“二甲基硅氧烷”的聚二甲基硅氧烷被优选使用。
本发明用的硅氧烷材料一般是非挥发性的,它可以是聚烷基硅氧烷,聚芳基硅氧烷,聚烷基芳基,官能化硅氧烷基化的,聚硅氧烷,如具有氨基官能取代的聚硅氧烷,烷氧基化的硅氧烷,如乙氧基化或丙氧基化的,以及聚醚硅氧烷共聚物。本发明有用的硅氧烷类可以用任何数目的基团封端,包括例如甲基、羟基、环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、氨基、三烷基硅烷(优选甲基)、羧基等等。这些物质的混合物也可以用,并在某些情况下优选使用。另外,挥发性硅氧烷也可以作为硅氧烷混合物的一部分来使用,只要最终的混合物至少基本上是非挥发的。
本文可用的聚烷基硅氧烷包括例如25℃下粘度范围为约5~600,000厘沲的聚二甲基硅氧烷。这些硅氧烷可以购得,例如通用电器公司的Viscasil系列和Dow Corning的Dow Corning 200系列。粘度测定可用Dow Corning公司的检测方法CTM 0004,1970.7.20提出的玻璃毛细管粘度计。优选粘度范围为约50~150,000厘沲,最优选约350~100,000厘沲。
可用的聚烷基芳基硅氧烷包括,例如25℃下粘度为约15~65厘沲的聚甲基苯基硅氧烷类。这类硅氧烷可购得,如通用电器公司的SF1075甲基苯基流体或Dow Corning的556化妆品级流体。另外,25℃下粘度范围为约10~100,000厘沲的聚(二甲基硅氧烷)/(二苯基硅氧烷)共聚物类是有用的。可用的聚醚硅氧烷共聚物,例如聚环氧丙烷改性的二甲基聚硅氧烷(如Dow Corning DC-1248),但环氧乙烷或环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的混合物也可以用。
公开合适的硅氧烷的参考文献包括Green的US 2,826,551,1958.3.11授权,Drakoff的US3,964,500,1967,6,22授权,Pader的US4,364,837,1982.12.21授权,Wooston的英国专利849,433,1960.9.28授权。所有这些专利都已列入本文的参考文献。列入本文参考文献的还有Petrarch Systems公司发布的“硅化合物”,此文献全面列出了关于合适的硅氧烷物料。
虽然不是必需的,但优选组合物中有阳离子型聚合物。
阳离子型聚合物包括(但不限于)下列各类:
(i)阳离子型多糖类
(ii)糖类与合成阳离子型单体的阳离子型共聚物,以及
(iii)选自下列各类的合成聚合物,
a.阳离子型聚亚烷基亚胺类
b.阳离子型乙氧基聚亚烷基亚胺类
c.阳离子型聚[N-[3-(二甲基铵基)丙基]-N’-[3-(亚乙基氧亚乙基二甲基铵基)丙基]脲二氯化物]
d.总的来说具有季铵或取代季铵离子的聚合物。
阳离子型多糖类包括那些基于5或6碳糖类的聚合物,和那些通过将阳离子部分接枝到多糖骨架上而生成的阳离子型衍生物。它们可以由一种或多于一种类型的糖构成,即上述衍生物与阳离子型物料的共聚物。单体可以是直链或支链几何排列。阳离子型多糖聚合物包括:阳离子型纤维素类和羟乙基纤维素类,阳离子型淀粉和羟烷基淀粉,基于阿(拉伯)糖单体的阳离子型聚合物如由阿糖植物胶衍生的物质,在木材、稻草、棉子壳和玉米穗轴等物料中发现的木糖聚合物衍生的阳离子型聚合物,发现是海藻细胞壁成分的岩藻糖聚合物衍生的阳离子型聚合物,在某些植物中发现的果糖聚合物如旋复花粉衍生的阳离子聚合物,基于含酸的糖如半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸的阳离子聚合物,基于胺糖类如半乳糖胺和葡糖胺的阳离子聚合物,基于5和6员环多元醇的阳离子型聚合物,基于植物胶和胶浆中产生的半乳糖单体的阳离子型聚合物,基于植物、酵母和红藻等中发现的那些甘露糖类单体的阳离子聚合物,基于称为瓜耳(树)胶的半乳甘露聚糖共聚物的阳离子型聚合物,瓜耳胶得自瓜耳豆的胚乳。
阳离子型多糖类成员的具体例子包括:联合碳化物公司制的阳离子型羟乙基纤维素JR 400,Staley公司制的阳离子型淀粉100,200,300和400,基于瓜耳胶的阳离子型半乳甘露聚糖的Henkel公司Galactasol 800系列和Celanese公司Jaguar系列。
本发明中有用的糖类和合成阳离子单体类的阳离子型共聚物包括含下列糖类的共聚物:葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、阿糖、木糖、岩藻糖、果糖、葡糖胺、半乳糖胺、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸和5或6员环多元醇。还包括上述糖的羟甲基、羟乙基和羟丙基衍生物。当糖类在共聚物中相互键接时,它们可以通过几种排列方式中任意一种来键接,如1,4-α、1,4-β、1,3α、1,3、1,3β和1,6键合。用于这些共聚物的合成阳离子单体类可包括氯化二甲基二烯丙基铵、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基脂、氯化二乙基二烯丙基胺、卤化N,N-二烯丙基N,N-二烷基铵等等。优选的阳离子型共聚物是用氯化二甲基二烷基铵和丙烯酰胺单体类制备的Polyquaternium 7。
糖和合成阳离子单体的共聚物的例子包括纤维素衍生物质(例如羟乙基纤维素)和N,N-二烯丙基,N,N-二烷基氯化铵组成的共聚物,可购自National Staych公司,其商品名为Celquat。
本发明中使用的其它阳离子合成聚合物是阳离子聚亚烷基亚胺、乙氧基聚亚烷基亚胺和聚{N[3-(二甲基铵基)-丙基]-N’-[3-(亚乙氧基亚乙基二甲基铵基)丙基]脲二氧化物},CAS登录号68555-336-2。本发明优选阳离子聚合物皮肤调理剂是阳离子瓜尔胶类的阳离子多糖,其分子量1000-3000000,更优选2500-350000。这些聚合物带有含半乳甘露聚糖单元的骨架,其阳离子取代度为每个脱水葡萄糖结构单元约0.04-约0.80,取代基阳离子基团是2,3-环氧丙基-三甲基氯化铵加成于天然多糖骨架上的产物。例如由Celanese公司出售的JAGUAR C-14-S,C-15和C-17,据其商业文献记载其1%的粘度为125CPS至约3500±500CPS。
阳离子型聚合物的更进一步的例子包括某些季铵盐等聚合物料,如羟乙基纤维素和氯化二烷基二甲基铵,丙烯酰胺和β-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基铵硫酸二甲酯等多种物料的共聚物,与硫酸二甲酯季铵化的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和硬脂酰二甲基氨基乙基酯的季铵盐,通过硫酸二乙酯反应而形成的季铵聚合物,乙烯基吡咯烷酮和氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸二甲酯的共聚物,季铵化瓜耳胶类等等。可用来制造本发明复合物的阳离子聚合物的实例包括,如“CTFA国际化妆品成分词典”(第4版,1991,461-464页)中公开了的,Polyquaternium-1,-2,-4(羟乙基纤维素与氯化二烯丙基二甲基铵的其聚物),-5(丙烯酰胺与β-异丁烯酰氧基乙基三甲基铵硫酸二甲酯的共聚物),-6(氯化二甲基二烯丙基铵的聚合物),-7(丙烯酰胺和氯化二甲基二烯丙基铵单体的聚合季铵盐),-8(用硫酸二甲酯季铵化甲基丙烯酸甲酯和硬脂酰二甲基氨基乙基酯得到的五聚季铵盐),-9(用溴代甲烷季铵化聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基酯得到的聚合季铵盐),-10(羟乙基纤维素与环氧化物取代的三甲铵反应得到的聚合季铵盐),-11(硫酸二乙酯和乙烯基吡咯烷酮/氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸二甲酯的共聚物反应形成的季铵盐聚合物),-12(甲基丙烯酸乙酯/甲基丙烯酸松香酯/甲基丙烯酸二乙基氨基乙基酯的其聚物与硫酸二甲酯反应制得的聚合季铵盐),-13(甲基丙烯酸乙酯/甲基丙烯酸油基酯/甲基丙烯酸二乙基氨基乙基酯的共聚物与硫酸二甲酯反应制得的聚合季铵盐),-14,-15(丙烯酰胺与氯化β-异丁烯酰氧基乙基三甲基铵的共聚物),-16(氯化甲基乙烯基咪唑鎓和乙烯基吡咯烷酮形成的聚合季铵盐),-17,-18,-19(聚乙烯醇与2,3-环氧丙胺反应制得的聚合季铵盐),-20(聚乙烯基十八烷基醚与2,3-环氧丙胺反应制得的聚合季铵盐),-22,-24(羟乙基纤维素与环氧化物取代的月桂基二甲基铵反应制得的聚合季铵盐),-27(Polyquaternium-2(请参阅上面)与Polyquaternium-17(请参阅上面)反应形成的嵌段共聚物),-28,-29(是已与氧化丙烯反应并用表氯醇季铵化的聚氨基葡糖(请参阅上面)),及-30。
本发明组合物还可以含有的其它成分(但并不是非有不可)是烃类物质,例如蜡、矿脂、矿物油、蜂蜡,一种由Permethyl公司可购得的以长链分支烃类做成的“Permethyl”。Permethyl类的通式是
式中n可在约4~超过200中变化,产品分别是n=4、16、38、214,称为Permethyl 102A,104A,106A,1082A在市场上销售。
另外的烃类物料包括羊毛脂、类羊毛脂物料、以及羊毛脂类的长链烷基脂类和醚类。
在本发明中有用的矿脂可以是在本领域中适于人类使用的任何等级的白凡士林或黄凡士林。优选熔点范围在约35°~70℃的矿脂,更优选在约50°~60℃。组合物的矿脂可包括烃混合物,其配方为矿物油和/或与不同熔点的石蜡类结合,这些与矿脂相比均用少量。优选没有另加物料的矿脂。蜡类,特别是用于固态组合物的蜡类的例子是微晶蜡,一般说来,已知的这些蜡是石蜡、蜂蜡、由植物得到的天然蜡、牛油树脂等等。
在组合物中还可以有其它一些组分。这些组分包括防腐剂、色料、UV稳定剂、香料、抗菌剂等等。抗菌剂包括洗必太、三氯生、三氯苯脲等,其典型浓度,即为组合物的0.1~约1.5wt%,优选约0.15~约1.2wt%。它们在本发明组合物中有双重作用,不仅在清洁皮肤后抑制细菌沾染,而且在清洁皮肤的过程中这些抗菌剂对皮肤上的细菌有抗菌作用。
优选的表面活性剂是阴离子型表面活性剂,如肥皂,烷基羟乙基磺酸盐,如椰油基羟乙磺酸钠,磺酸盐,硫酸盐(任选乙氧基化物)等等。表面活性剂混合物可以使用。应有足够的表面活性剂存在以带来清洁效果。表面活性剂优选阴离子型或其包括一种或更多种已举例说明的其它类型表面活性剂(两性、非离子等等)的混合物,其中具有或不具有另外的阴离子型表面活性剂,在组合物中可以以不同的量存在。例如表面活性剂的主要最低量可以是组合物的1,2,3,4,5,10,15,或20wt%这样宽的范围,特别是含水组合物为液态的场合下。关于液态含水组合物,阴离子表面活性剂约为组合物的2~约25wt%,具体为约5~约20wt%。其它表面活性剂也可以存在如两性表面活性剂,具体是内铵盐两性表面活性剂,以及非离子型表面活性剂,具体是烷基化多苷。它们的量是组合物的约1~约20wt%。一般来说,液态组合物中表面活性剂总量至少约3或4wt%,优选至少约5wt%,一般不大于约30wt%,优选不大于约25wt%,但可以低至不大于约10,15或20wt%。就固态组合物而言,表面活性剂总量可为组合物的约60~约90wt%,优选约70~约85wt%。肥皂可以是表面活性剂总量的约15~约100wt%。“皂条”一般有约65~约90wt%的肥皂在其中,其它表面活性剂在其中小于约10wt%,优选小于约5wt%,最优选是0或0~约2wt%。在已公开的肥皂范围内,含较少量肥皂的皂条含有温和的合成表面活性剂如适中或高含量的椰油羟乙磺酸钠。
硅氧烷成分的量至少约占组合物的0.01%,优选至少约0.1wt%,最大量可以改变,但一般不超过约7或8wt%,优选约5wt%,更优选4.5wt%。
在组合物中用阳离子型聚合物时,聚合物之量占组合物的约0.01~3.0wt%,优选约0.02wt%作为最低量,更优选约0.03wt%作为最小量。其最大量一般不超过约0.9wt%或约0.75wt%,当然较低的最大量,例如约0.6wt%也可以用。
虽然烃类物质并不一定存在,但如果加入的话,其量至少占组合物的约0.1wt%,优选约0.5wt%。该最大量可以不同,但一般不高于约7或8wt%,优选最大量约5wt%,或约4.5wt%。
组合物的物理性质不是关键,可以是固态、液态或凝胶态。
对病菌沾染皮肤的抑制作用通过利用下面拟定的各种细菌作定量评价。编号是ATCC目录号。
·金黄葡萄球菌6538
·表皮葡萄球菌12228
·极小棒状杆菌23347
·大肠杆菌11229
·粘质沙雷菌14756
·霍乱沙门氏菌10708
试验细菌以下法作放射性标记:
试验细菌在30ml胰蛋白酶大豆液体培养基(TSB)中以对数期生长。次日,细菌在4℃下以3000rpm离心过滤20分钟。滤出的细菌滤饼在20ml无菌盐水中再成悬浮液并在620nm处调节OD至0.1。约105个细菌(0.1ml)接种入5ml生长培养基(2ml蛋氨酸检测培养基+3mlTSB)用来作放射性标记。50微升14C蛋氨酸(=5μCi)加入试管并在振荡保温箱中在37℃下培养过夜。次日,细菌在4℃下以3000rpm离心过滤15分钟成滤饼。此步重复共三次以除去游离的14C。每次收集25μl上层清液和25μl再成悬浮液的滤饼在闪烁计数器管中作活性测定。通常洗了3次后,上层清液中残留的游离活性便很少了。
将标记的细菌接种的25μl对照样品移入小瓶中,放入的对照样一式三份。
制备含约10wt%水和1%香精的下列皂条。对照皂条含1%香精,10wt%水,其余基本上是肥皂。加入多少硅氧烷量,则下面最好的皂条中肥皂的量便减少多少。
二甲基硅氧烷为1wt%,购自GE,粘度为60000厘沲。
产品制备:
在去离子水中制得产品的5%溶液(称出5g,缓缓加热溶于100ml去离子水中)
产品应用:
用产品溶液浸透棉花球,在一片由腹部取来的约2.5cm猪皮上擦15秒钟,起沫45秒,最后在温热(30℃)的流动自来水下冲洗15秒钟。
细菌沾染:
等候直至皮上已不留潮湿痕迹,用排液吸管加25μl标记的细菌悬浮液布满猪皮。沉淀后2分钟(或沉淀30分钟后)用0.5ml letheen液体培养基洗脱三次,并收集在闪烁计数器管中。
接种物对照:
转移25μl标记的细菌到闪烁计数器管中一式三份用作输入对照。
以下结果表明接触1~2分钟或30分钟然后除去细菌悬浮液,留在猪皮样片上的细菌量。
表I
| 细菌 | 肥皂处理(搓15秒、起泡45秒冲洗15秒) | 沾染皮肤持续2分钟存留的细菌数和比例(%) | 沾染皮肤持续30分钟存留的细菌数和比例(%) |
| 金色葡萄球菌 | 安慰剂 | 39,420(16.9) | 84,941(36.2) |
| 235,000 | 二甲基硅氧烷1% | 18,777(8.1) | 59,930(25.6) |
| 表皮葡萄球菌 | 安慰剂 | 24,822(23.1) | 30,940(28.8) |
| 107,506 | 二甲基硅氧烷1% | 19,222(17.9) | 21,294(19.8) |
| 极小棒状杆菌 | 安慰剂 | 61,950(25.7) | 104,895(43.6) |
| 240,000 | 二甲基硅氧烷1% | 35,025(14.5) | 56,340(23.3) |
| 埃希氏大肠杆菌 | 安慰剂 | 50,508(19.0) | 66,544(25.0) |
| 266,000 | 二甲基硅氧烷1% | 14,906(5.6) | 31,816(12.0) |
| 粘质沙霉菌 | 安慰剂 | 31,892(10.8) | 61,368(20.8) |
| 295,000 | 二甲基硅氧烷1% | 12,760(4.3) | 13.888(4.7) |
| 霍乱沙门氏菌 | 安慰剂 | 12,574(9.2) | 13,912(10.2) |
| 236,000 | 二甲基硅氧烷1% | 7,096(5.2) | 12,232(9.0) |
这些数据清楚地表明硅氧烷的存在能抑制各种细菌对皮肤的沾染。
与洗除型组合物一样,施用乳剂、洗剂等滞组留合型物,抑制病菌沾染的作用也出现。这些组合物通过留在皮肤上一段更长时间显示其特点,与通常的清洁组合物不同,通常清洁组合物在与皮肤接触较短时间后用水即冲洗掉。从皮肤上冲洗掉这些滞留型组合物后,抑制病菌沾染皮肤的作用出现。因所要求的是抑制细菌沾染皮肤,不一定需要清洁量的表面活性剂存在于滞留型组合物中。下面是本发明滞留型组合物的典型组成。
本发明的液态组合物,无论洗除型还是滞留型制剂,都是水包油乳状液。它们以及固体组合物,完成它们的抑制病菌沾染作用,不用任何外用活性药物或药剂存在于组合物中,特别是那些具有缓解或减轻特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、免疫缺损等症状的药物和药剂。这样的药剂例子包括用于皮炎的安西缩松二乙酸二氟洛松(diflorasonediacetate)、氢化可的松等等以及用于牛皮癣的蒽林、氧化补骨脂素、煤焦油等等。因此,这样的外用化学剂和药剂可以按需要从本发明的所有组合物中完全省去,或者对有关治疗目标,特别是特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、免疫缺损等等症状,以不足以完成其要起作用之量加入组合物中。
Claims (8)
1. 可以由水冲洗掉的组合物在制备抑制病菌沾染人群皮肤的清洁皮肤产品的用途,其中所述人群的皮肤需要减少在其上的病菌量,所述人群具有选自特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、免疫缺损症状的皮肤状况,所述组合物包括:
(a)清洁皮肤有效量的表面活性剂或表面活性剂混合物;(b)抑制病菌沾染皮肤有效量的硅氧烷。
2. 根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述组合物中还存在0.01-3.0wt%的阳离子聚合物。
3. 根据权利要求1或2的用途,其中还存在占组合物0.1-8wt%的烃成分。
4. 根据权利要求1或2的用途,其中硅氧烷占组合物的0.01-8wt%。
5. 根据权利要求3的用途,其中硅氧烷占组合物的0.01-8wt%。
6. 根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述组合物是固体。
7. 根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述病菌是金黄色葡萄球菌或表皮葡萄球菌。
8. 根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述组合物是可冲洗掉的组合物。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US8753398P | 1998-06-01 | 1998-06-01 | |
| US60/087532 | 1998-06-01 | ||
| US22629699A | 1999-01-07 | 1999-01-07 | |
| US09/226296 | 1999-01-07 | ||
| US09/304,100 US6180577B1 (en) | 1998-06-01 | 1999-05-04 | Anti-germ attachment—composition |
| US09/304,100 | 1999-05-04 |
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| EP (2) | EP1082093B8 (zh) |
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| AU (1) | AU762306B2 (zh) |
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| BRPI0412093A (pt) * | 2003-07-01 | 2006-09-05 | Hygieia Healthcare Ltd | formulação da barreira, uso de uma formulação, método para o tratamento e/ou profilaxia de infecção, e, método para a fabricação de uma formulação |
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| EP0378147A2 (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1990-07-18 | Dow Corning Corporation | Skin treatment method |
| EP0395215A1 (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-10-31 | Gerald M. Lemole | Protective gel composition |
| US5043155A (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1991-08-27 | Richardson-Vicks Inc. | Emulsifying compositions including amphipathic emulsifying agents |
| US5370876A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1994-12-06 | Microbarriers | Antimicrobial protective skin composition and method for protecting skin from body fluids |
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| US5648083A (en) * | 1995-02-10 | 1997-07-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal care compositions and wipe products containing the compositions |
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| US395215A (en) * | 1888-12-25 | dayies | ||
| BE530917A (zh) | 1953-08-04 | |||
| US2806814A (en) | 1954-10-04 | 1957-09-17 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Dental preparations |
| EP0560919B1 (en) * | 1990-12-05 | 1994-09-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Shampoo compositions with silicone and cationic organic polymeric conditioning agents |
| DE4320401A1 (de) | 1993-06-19 | 1994-12-22 | Wella Ag | Verwendung einer gelförmigen Zubereitung als Hautschutzmittel sowie neue Hautschutzmittel |
| US5869071A (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1999-02-09 | B & G Labs, Inc. | One-step skin cleaning composition and skin treatment method for incontinent dermatitis |
| US6159483A (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 2000-12-12 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Stabilized liquid aqueous composition |
| BR9910844A (pt) * | 1998-06-01 | 2001-02-20 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Processo para limpar a pele e proporcionar um benefìcio de fragrância aumentada após enxaguar a pele com uma composição de limpeza, uso de uma compisição, e, composição. |
| EP1108056A1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2001-06-20 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Method for testing anti-bacterial attachment compositions |
-
1999
- 1999-05-04 US US09/304,100 patent/US6180577B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-28 DE DE69936405T patent/DE69936405T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1999-05-28 EP EP99926037A patent/EP1082093B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-28 AU AU42206/99A patent/AU762306B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-05-28 AT AT02076312T patent/ATE365531T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5043155A (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1991-08-27 | Richardson-Vicks Inc. | Emulsifying compositions including amphipathic emulsifying agents |
| EP0378147A2 (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1990-07-18 | Dow Corning Corporation | Skin treatment method |
| EP0395215A1 (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-10-31 | Gerald M. Lemole | Protective gel composition |
| US5370876A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1994-12-06 | Microbarriers | Antimicrobial protective skin composition and method for protecting skin from body fluids |
| US5648083A (en) * | 1995-02-10 | 1997-07-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal care compositions and wipe products containing the compositions |
| WO1997016168A1 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-05-09 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Personal cleansing composition |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| AU762306B2 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
| EP1082093B8 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
| ES2289048T3 (es) | 2008-02-01 |
| ATE365531T1 (de) | 2007-07-15 |
| EP1226817B1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| DE69936405T2 (de) | 2008-04-17 |
| EP1226817A2 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
| EP1226817A3 (en) | 2003-02-12 |
| BR9910883A (pt) | 2001-03-06 |
| AU4220699A (en) | 1999-12-20 |
| US6180577B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
| EP1082093A1 (en) | 2001-03-14 |
| EP1082093B1 (en) | 2004-07-07 |
| CN1311660A (zh) | 2001-09-05 |
| DE69936405D1 (de) | 2007-08-09 |
| NZ508534A (en) | 2003-07-25 |
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