CN100459950C - Image-guided water-cooled radiofrequency ablation tumor treatment all-in-one machine - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种图像引导的水冷式射频消融肿瘤治疗一体机,由循环水冷却装置、可控射频功率源、三维定位系统、水冷式针状消融电极、超声成像探头、B型超声成像系统、计算机网络系统、智能化监控软件、治疗计划软件和人机对话外设组成,将射频消融技术与超声影像技术有机融合,结合计算机辅助手术系统,在术前,建立一个包含各个像素的位置参数和色值、色调、饱和度等颜色参数的三维模型并使之可视化;在术中,按制定的治疗计划方案控制射频功率和冷却水温度,实时采集病人靶组织的图像,动态判定病灶的消融状况,并据此调控可控射频功率源的工作参数,使消融治疗处于最佳状态;在术后重新采集病人靶组织的图像,对治疗效果进行最后的评估。
The invention relates to an image-guided water-cooled radio frequency ablation tumor treatment integrated machine, which consists of a circulating water cooling device, a controllable radio frequency power source, a three-dimensional positioning system, a water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode, an ultrasonic imaging probe, a B-type ultrasonic imaging system, Composed of computer network system, intelligent monitoring software, treatment planning software and man-machine dialogue peripherals, it organically integrates radiofrequency ablation technology and ultrasound imaging technology, and combines computer-assisted surgery system to establish a position parameter and The three-dimensional model of color parameters such as color value, hue, and saturation can be visualized; during the operation, control the radio frequency power and cooling water temperature according to the established treatment plan, collect images of the patient's target tissue in real time, and dynamically determine the ablation status of the lesion , and adjust the working parameters of the controllable radio frequency power source accordingly, so that the ablation treatment is in the best state; after the operation, the image of the target tissue of the patient is collected again, and the final evaluation of the treatment effect is carried out.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种图像引导的水冷式射频消融肿瘤治疗一体机,将射频消融技术与超声影像技术有机地融合在一起。超声影像不仅用来定位靶组织,还跟踪靶组织的组织特性变化,并据此实施射频消融原位灭活过程的全程监控,确保消融治疗安全有效。本发明应用于肿瘤治疗,属于生物医学工程技术领域。The invention relates to an image-guided water-cooled radiofrequency ablation and tumor treatment all-in-one machine, which organically integrates radiofrequency ablation technology and ultrasonic imaging technology. Ultrasound images are not only used to locate the target tissue, but also to track the changes in the tissue characteristics of the target tissue, and based on this, the whole process of radiofrequency ablation in situ inactivation process can be monitored to ensure the safety and effectiveness of ablation treatment. The invention is applied to tumor treatment and belongs to the technical field of biomedical engineering.
背景技术 Background technique
基于射频原位灭活技术的射频肿瘤消融治疗系统因具有适应症广、创伤微小、疗效良好、快速安全、方便易行等特点而成为一种广受欢迎的肿瘤治疗手段。国内外现在已有10种左右的产品,且大体上可分为两大类型:冷循环型和“多弹头”型。但是,所有的产品都存在一个致命的缺点,即它们都没有跟踪靶组织的组织特性变化,并据此实施射频消融原位灭活过程的全程监控,安全有效地完成治疗。而是凭借定时或根据靶组织的阻抗变化来判定消融治疗是否完成,往往不是消融不足就是过度消融,前者给患者留下了极大的后患,后者过多地伤害了正常组织,同样损害了患者的健康。近来也有医生开始采用B超监视射频消融的原位灭活过程,然后凭经验来判定消融治疗是否完成,这样做虽然大大地改善了治疗过程,但仍存在缺乏科学考量,操作困难等不足。The radiofrequency tumor ablation treatment system based on radiofrequency in situ inactivation technology has become a popular tumor treatment method because of its wide indications, minimal trauma, good curative effect, fast safety, and convenience. At present, there are about 10 kinds of products at home and abroad, and they can be roughly divided into two types: cold cycle type and "multi-warhead" type. However, all products have a fatal shortcoming, that is, they do not track the changes in the tissue characteristics of the target tissue, and implement the whole process of radiofrequency ablation in situ inactivation process monitoring accordingly, so as to complete the treatment safely and effectively. Instead, it is judged whether the ablation treatment is completed by timing or according to the impedance change of the target tissue. It is often either insufficient ablation or excessive ablation. the health of the patient. Recently, some doctors have also begun to use B-ultrasound to monitor the in situ inactivation process of radiofrequency ablation, and then judge whether the ablation treatment is completed based on experience. Although this has greatly improved the treatment process, there are still shortcomings such as lack of scientific consideration and difficult operation.
在射频消融原位灭活过程中,靶组织中的肿瘤细胞因温度上升而产生热性凝固,形成坏死,且范围不断扩大直至覆盖整个病灶。在上述病灶凝固、坏死过程中,病灶的B超影像将会有明显的变化,其中各个像素的色值、色调、饱和度数据都将随之变化。正因为这样,不但可以据此观察射频消融原位灭活过程,而且还能对它实施全程监控,这就是图像引导的水冷式射频消融肿瘤治疗一体机的基本原理。同时随着计算机技术和医学影像技术的飞速发展,计算机集成手术系统取得了长足的进步,也为研发图像引导的水冷式射频消融肿瘤治疗一体机提供了技术基础。During the in situ inactivation process of radiofrequency ablation, the tumor cells in the target tissue undergo thermal coagulation due to temperature rise, forming necrosis, and the scope continues to expand until it covers the entire lesion. During the coagulation and necrosis process of the above-mentioned lesion, the B-ultrasound image of the lesion will have obvious changes, and the color value, hue, and saturation data of each pixel will change accordingly. Because of this, not only the in-situ inactivation process of radiofrequency ablation can be observed, but also the whole process can be monitored. This is the basic principle of the image-guided water-cooled radiofrequency ablation tumor treatment all-in-one machine. At the same time, with the rapid development of computer technology and medical imaging technology, the computer integrated surgery system has made great progress, which also provides a technical basis for the development of image-guided water-cooled radiofrequency ablation and tumor treatment all-in-one machine.
经文献检索,有关图像引导的射频消融肿瘤治疗一体机还未见报道。在对《中国专利》、《香港知识产权署网上检索系统》、《美国专利商标局网上专利检索》检索后也未发现与图像引导的射频消融技术有关的专利。美国专利《RFablation system and method having automatic temperature control(带有自动温度控制的射频消融系统和方法)》(发明人Sherman et al.,专利号:6,558,378)的特点是,借自动控制消融区域的温度来防止靶组织因温度过高而气化结碳,从而得到较大范围的消融区,不过它的效果不及冷循环针状消融电极。该专利更没有涉及跟踪靶组织的组织特性变化、实施射频消融原位灭活过程全程监控等问题,存在明显的不足。According to the literature search, there is no report about image-guided radiofrequency ablation tumor treatment machine. No patents related to image-guided radiofrequency ablation technology were found after searching "China Patent", "Hong Kong Intellectual Property Office Online Search System", and "US Patent and Trademark Office Online Patent Search". The feature of the US patent "RFablation system and method having automatic temperature control" (inventor Sherman et al., patent number: 6,558,378) is that the temperature of the ablation area is automatically controlled to It prevents the target tissue from gasification and carbonization due to excessive temperature, so as to obtain a larger ablation zone, but its effect is not as good as that of the cold cycle needle ablation electrode. This patent does not involve tracking the changes in the tissue characteristics of the target tissue, and monitoring the whole process of radiofrequency ablation in situ inactivation, etc., and there are obvious deficiencies.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足及临床应用的需要,提供一种图像引导的水冷式射频消融肿瘤治疗一体机,具有性能优良、使用安全、疗效显著、操作科学规范等特点,造福患者。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an image-guided water-cooled radiofrequency ablation tumor treatment all-in-one machine for the deficiencies of the prior art and the needs of clinical applications, which has the characteristics of excellent performance, safe use, significant curative effect, scientific and standardized operation, etc., to benefit patients .
为实现这样的目的,本发明的技术方案中应用了射频消融技术、医学影像技术、水冷却技术和智能化控制技术,并将它们有机地融合在一起形成一个计算机集成手术系统。In order to achieve such a purpose, the technical solution of the present invention applies radiofrequency ablation technology, medical imaging technology, water cooling technology and intelligent control technology, and organically integrates them to form a computer-integrated surgical system.
本发明设计的图像引导的水冷式射频消融肿瘤治疗一体机包括:循环水冷却装置、可控射频功率源、三维定位系统、水冷式针状消融电极、超声成像探头、B型超声成像系统、计算机网络系统、智能化监控软件、治疗计划软件和人机对话外设。The image-guided water-cooled radio frequency ablation tumor treatment all-in-one machine designed by the present invention includes: a circulating water cooling device, a controllable radio frequency power source, a three-dimensional positioning system, a water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode, an ultrasonic imaging probe, a B-type ultrasonic imaging system, and a computer Network system, intelligent monitoring software, treatment planning software and man-machine dialogue peripherals.
循环水冷却装置通过连接电缆与计算机网络系统相连接,通过进、出水管与水冷式针状消融电极相连通。可控射频功率源通过连接电缆分别与水冷式针状消融电极、计算机网络系统相连接。水冷式针状消融电极安装在三维定位系统的一号活动臂上,治疗时可插入至患者的靶组织内。超声成像探头安装在三维定位系统的二号活动臂上,治疗时可与患者靶组织上方的体表相接触,通过连接电缆与B型超声成像系统相连接。B型超声成像系统通过连接电缆与计算机网络系统相连接。三维定位系统是一个受计算机网络系统控制的复杂的机电系统,通过连接电缆与计算机网络系统相连接;人机对话外设包含有键盘、鼠标等,通过各自的连接电缆与计算机网络系统相连接;智能化监控软件、治疗计划软件安装在计算机网络系统的存储器内;计算机网络系统通过连接电缆分别与循环水冷却装置、可控射频功率源、三维定位系统、B型超声成像系统相连接;计算机网络系统还可以通过网络连接电缆分别读取术前CT影像数据和术前MR影像数据。The circulating water cooling device is connected with the computer network system through the connection cable, and communicated with the water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode through the water inlet and outlet pipes. The controllable radio frequency power source is respectively connected with the water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode and the computer network system through connecting cables. The water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode is installed on the No. 1 movable arm of the three-dimensional positioning system, and can be inserted into the target tissue of the patient during treatment. The ultrasonic imaging probe is installed on the No. 2 movable arm of the three-dimensional positioning system, which can be in contact with the body surface above the patient's target tissue during treatment, and is connected to the B-type ultrasonic imaging system through a connecting cable. The B-type ultrasonic imaging system is connected with the computer network system through a connecting cable. The three-dimensional positioning system is a complex electromechanical system controlled by the computer network system, which is connected to the computer network system through connecting cables; the man-machine dialogue peripherals include keyboards, mice, etc., which are connected to the computer network system through their own connecting cables; Intelligent monitoring software and treatment planning software are installed in the memory of the computer network system; the computer network system is connected to the circulating water cooling device, controllable radio frequency power source, three-dimensional positioning system, and B-type ultrasonic imaging system through connecting cables; the computer network The system can also read preoperative CT image data and preoperative MR image data respectively through the network connection cable.
所述循环水冷却装置可采用现有设备(参见已公开的发明专利CN1593353,《水冷式射频肿瘤消融治疗系统》。其中的回水管、出水管分别与水冷式针状消融电极相连通,控制信号线及温度传感器均通过连接电缆连接到计算机网络系统。The circulating water cooling device can adopt existing equipment (refer to the published invention patent CN1593353, "Water-cooled radio frequency tumor ablation treatment system". The return water pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively connected with the water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode, and the control signal Both the wire and the temperature sensor are connected to the computer network system through connecting cables.
所述可控射频功率源可采用现有电路(参见已公开的发明专利CN1593353,《水冷式射频肿瘤消融治疗系统》)。来自计算机网络系统的PWM(脉宽调制)信号加至其控制输入端,其输出端则相应地输出受控的射频功率。The controllable radio frequency power source can adopt the existing circuit (refer to the published invention patent CN1593353, "Water-cooled radio frequency tumor ablation treatment system"). A PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal from a computer network system is applied to its control input, and its output outputs controlled RF power accordingly.
所述水冷式针状消融电极采用现有装置(参见已授权的发明专利ZL200310122792.1《单针水冷式射频消融电极》)。其中的连接电缆通过电缆插头与主机箱相连接,从可控射频功率源输入射频能量,输出温度检测信号到计算机网络系统;进、出水管连接至循环水冷却装置。水冷式针状消融电极插入靶组织,引导电极紧贴在患者的臀部或大腿外侧,两者构成射频回路,对病灶实施射频容性加热。The water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode adopts an existing device (see the authorized invention patent ZL200310122792.1 "Single-needle water-cooled radiofrequency ablation electrode"). The connecting cable is connected with the main box through the cable plug, the radio frequency energy is input from the controllable radio frequency power source, and the temperature detection signal is output to the computer network system; the water inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the circulating water cooling device. The water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode is inserted into the target tissue, and the guide electrode is closely attached to the patient's buttocks or outer thighs. The two form a radio frequency circuit to perform radio frequency capacitive heating on the lesion.
所述三维定位系统是一个受计算机网络系统控制的复杂的机电系统,由支架、三维运动臂、一号活动臂、二号活动臂和电磁跟踪模块组成。支架固定地安装在地面上。电磁跟踪模块安装在支架上,电磁跟踪模块通过连接电缆与计算机网络系统和三维运动臂相连,用来跟踪超声成像探头、水冷式针状消融电极和人体的位置,保证这三者的坐标统一。三维运动臂连接在支架上,可以上下、左右、前后移动,使水冷式针状消融电极、超声成像探头快速地接近靶组织。一号活动臂连接在三维运动臂上,可以作精密的三维运动,运动时所产生的位置误差不大于1mm。水冷式针状消融电极可拆卸地安装在一号活动臂上,借一号活动臂的运动准确地插入到病灶内。二号活动臂也连接在三维运动臂上,除可以作精密的三维运动,使超声成像探头准确地朝向靶组织外,还可以通过平行移动,让超声成像探头能获得靶组织的系列图像,供重建三维图像使用。三维定位系统提供了足够的自由度,且各维运动都受计算机网络系统控制。The three-dimensional positioning system is a complex electromechanical system controlled by a computer network system, consisting of a bracket, a three-dimensional movement arm, a No. 1 movable arm, a No. 2 movable arm and an electromagnetic tracking module. The bracket is fixedly installed on the ground. The electromagnetic tracking module is installed on the bracket, and the electromagnetic tracking module is connected with the computer network system and the three-dimensional movement arm through the connecting cable, and is used to track the positions of the ultrasonic imaging probe, the water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode and the human body to ensure that the coordinates of the three are unified. The three-dimensional motion arm is connected to the bracket, and can move up and down, left and right, and forward and backward, so that the water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode and the ultrasonic imaging probe can quickly approach the target tissue. The No. 1 movable arm is connected to the three-dimensional movement arm, which can perform precise three-dimensional movement, and the position error generated during the movement is not more than 1mm. The water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode is detachably installed on the No. 1 movable arm, and can be accurately inserted into the lesion by the movement of the No. 1 movable arm. The No. 2 movable arm is also connected to the three-dimensional movement arm. In addition to making precise three-dimensional movements to make the ultrasound imaging probe accurately face the target tissue, it can also move in parallel so that the ultrasound imaging probe can obtain a series of images of the target tissue for supply Reconstruct the 3D image using . The three-dimensional positioning system provides sufficient degrees of freedom, and all dimensional movements are controlled by the computer network system.
所述超声成像探头、B型超声成像系统采用成熟的产品,它直接把获取的图像信息传送至计算机网络系统。The ultrasonic imaging probe and B-type ultrasonic imaging system are mature products, which directly transmit the acquired image information to the computer network system.
所述计算机网络系统的硬件平台以高档微型计算机为核心,配以图象采集卡、多功能数据采集卡、控制卡、因特网接口等插卡,PCI和ISA总线,USB接口,存储器内存储有智能化监控软件、治疗计划软件,操作系统为Windows XP。The hardware platform of the computer network system takes high-end microcomputer as the core, and is equipped with plug-in cards such as image acquisition card, multi-function data acquisition card, control card, Internet interface, PCI and ISA bus, USB interface, and stored in the memory. Monitoring software, treatment planning software, operating system is Windows XP.
所述智能化监控软件、治疗计划软件的编程语言为C++。The programming language of the intelligent monitoring software and treatment planning software is C ++ .
所述人机对话外设包括键盘和鼠标,用来实现用户和计算机互动操作,即可以通过人机对话外设进行人工干预。The man-machine dialogue peripherals include a keyboard and a mouse, which are used to realize the interactive operation between the user and the computer, that is, manual intervention can be performed through the man-machine dialogue peripherals.
计算机网络系统、人机对话外设、智能化监控软件和治疗计划软件构成一个完整的计算机辅助手术系统。Computer network system, man-machine dialogue peripherals, intelligent monitoring software and treatment planning software constitute a complete computer-assisted surgery system.
在手术前,首先通过安装在三维定位系统二号活动臂上的超声成像探头和B型超声成像系统对患者的病灶,即靶组织进行定位。确定靶组织位置后,再进一步获取病人靶组织的序列断层图像,然后通过图像分割、提取等值面等处理,建立三维模型并使之可视化,同时区分病灶、血管、骨骼等感兴趣结构,确定消融范围。将三维模型,即重建的三维图像中的各个像素的位置参数x、y、z和色值、色调、饱和度等颜色参数的数据传送至计算机网络系统并存储,并将它作为靶组织的基准模型。据此可以制定治疗计划方案:确定水冷式射频消融电极针的进针位置、射频剂量、冷却水温度等。此外,为达到病人人体坐标和图像坐标间的联系和统一,需要在人体表面设置对超声敏感的标记。为实现更精确的治疗,也可以在术前由CT成像系统或MR成像系统获取靶组织图像,并将术前CT影像数据和术前MR影像数据与超声图像进行多模态信息融合。Before the operation, the patient's lesion, that is, the target tissue, is firstly positioned through the ultrasound imaging probe and the B-mode ultrasound imaging system installed on the No. 2 movable arm of the three-dimensional positioning system. After determining the position of the target tissue, further obtain the sequential tomographic images of the patient's target tissue, and then through image segmentation, extraction of isosurface and other processing, establish a 3D model and visualize it, and at the same time distinguish the structures of interest such as lesions, blood vessels, bones, etc. Ablation range. The three-dimensional model, that is, the position parameters x, y, z of each pixel in the reconstructed three-dimensional image, and the data of color parameters such as color value, hue, saturation, etc. are transmitted to the computer network system and stored, and it is used as the benchmark of the target tissue Model. Based on this, a treatment plan can be formulated: determine the needle insertion position, radiofrequency dose, cooling water temperature, etc. of the water-cooled radiofrequency ablation electrode needle. In addition, in order to achieve the connection and unification between the patient's body coordinates and the image coordinates, it is necessary to set ultrasound-sensitive marks on the surface of the human body. In order to achieve more precise treatment, the target tissue image can also be acquired by the CT imaging system or MR imaging system before operation, and the preoperative CT image data and preoperative MR image data can be fused with ultrasound images for multimodal information.
手术时,按制定的治疗计划方案,调整三维定位系统,在超声图像引导下向靶组织插入水冷式射频消融电极针。然后启动可控射频功率源和循环水冷却装置,前者按制定的治疗计划方案输出射频功率即射频剂量,后者则保持冷却水温度在设定值上。同时通过超声成像探头和B型超声成像系统采集病人靶组织的图像,并与手术前建立的三维模型配准,实时、精确、动态地反映出各个像素的色值、色调、饱和度等颜色参数变化,进而判定病灶的消融状况,并据此发出相应的指令调控可控射频功率源的工作参数,即改变射频输出的幅度和工作比等,使消融治疗处于最佳状态。如此不断地采集、调控、再采集、再调控,即不断地及时更新病人模型、更新手术计划,直至新的靶组织模型与治疗计划中设定的治疗完成时的靶组织模型一致,此时判定消融治疗完成,一体机自动终止治疗。During the operation, the three-dimensional positioning system is adjusted according to the established treatment plan, and the water-cooled radiofrequency ablation electrode needle is inserted into the target tissue under the guidance of the ultrasound image. Then start the controllable radio frequency power source and the circulating water cooling device, the former outputs the radio frequency power according to the formulated treatment plan, that is, the radio frequency dose, and the latter keeps the temperature of the cooling water at the set value. At the same time, the image of the patient's target tissue is collected through the ultrasonic imaging probe and the B-mode ultrasonic imaging system, and is registered with the 3D model established before the operation, and the color parameters such as the color value, hue, and saturation of each pixel are reflected in real time, accurately, and dynamically. Changes, and then determine the ablation status of the lesion, and issue corresponding instructions to adjust the working parameters of the controllable RF power source, that is, to change the amplitude and working ratio of the RF output, so that the ablation treatment is in the best state. Such continuous acquisition, adjustment, re-acquisition, and re-adjustment means that the patient model and operation plan are continuously updated in time until the new target tissue model is consistent with the target tissue model set in the treatment plan when the treatment is completed. After the ablation treatment is completed, the all-in-one machine automatically terminates the treatment.
在手术后,重新采集病人靶组织的图像,对治疗效果进行最后的评估。After surgery, images of the patient's target tissue are reacquired for a final assessment of treatment effectiveness.
本发明将射频消融技术与超声影像技术有机地融合在一起,超声影像不再是仅仅用来定位靶组织,它还要跟踪靶组织的组织特性变化,并据此实施射频消融原位灭活过程的全程监控,确保消融治疗安全有效。本发明适用于肝癌、肺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌等病症的临床治疗,有着广阔的应用前景和市场潜力。The present invention organically integrates the radio frequency ablation technology and the ultrasonic imaging technology. The ultrasonic image is no longer only used to locate the target tissue, but also to track the change of the tissue characteristics of the target tissue, and implement the in situ inactivation process of the radio frequency ablation accordingly. Full-process monitoring to ensure the safety and effectiveness of ablation therapy. The invention is suitable for clinical treatment of diseases such as liver cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer and prostate cancer, and has broad application prospects and market potential.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明的系统组成结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition and structure of the system of the present invention.
图1中,1为循环水冷却装置、2为可控射频功率源、3为三维定位系统、4为水冷式针状消融电极、5为超声成像探头、6为B型超声成像系统、7为计算机网络系统、8为智能化监控软件、9为治疗计划软件、10为人机对话外设。In Fig. 1, 1 is a circulating water cooling device, 2 is a controllable radio frequency power source, 3 is a three-dimensional positioning system, 4 is a water-cooled needle ablation electrode, 5 is an ultrasound imaging probe, 6 is a B-type ultrasound imaging system, and 7 is a Computer network system, 8 is intelligent monitoring software, 9 is treatment planning software, 10 is man-machine dialogue peripherals.
图2为本发明的三维定位系统示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional positioning system of the present invention.
图2中,11为支架、12为三维运动臂、13为一号活动臂、14为二号活动臂、15为电磁跟踪模块。In Fig. 2, 11 is a bracket, 12 is a three-dimensional motion arm, 13 is a No. 1 movable arm, 14 is a No. 2 movable arm, and 15 is an electromagnetic tracking module.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
为了更好地理解本发明的技术方案,以下结合附图作进一步的详细描述。In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, a further detailed description will be made below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明系统的组成结构如图1所示。它包括循环水冷却装置1、可控射频功率源2、三维定位系统3、水冷式针状消融电极4、超声成像探头5、B型超声成像系统6、计算机网络系统7、智能化监控软件8、治疗计划软件9和人机对话外设10。The composition structure of the system of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 . It includes circulating water cooling device 1, controllable radio frequency power source 2, three-dimensional positioning system 3, water-cooled
循环水冷却装置1通过连接电缆与计算机网络系统7相连接,通过进、出水管与水冷式针状消融电极4相连通;可控射频功率源2通过连接电缆分别与水冷式针状消融电极4、计算机网络系统7相连接;水冷式针状消融电极4安装在三维定位系统3的一号活动臂上,治疗时可插入至患者的靶组织内;超声成像探头5安装在三维定位系统的二号活动臂上,治疗时可与患者靶组织上方的体表相接触,通过连接电缆与B型超声成像系统6相连接;B型超声成像系统6通过连接电缆与计算机网络系统7相连接;三维定位系统3是一个受计算机网络系统7控制的复杂的机电系统,通过连接电缆与计算机网络系统7相连接;人机对话外设10包含有键盘、鼠标等,通过各自的连接电缆与计算机网络系统7相连接;智能化监控软件8、治疗计划软件9安装在计算机网络系统7的存储器内;计算机网络系统7通过连接电缆分别与循环水冷却装置1、可控射频功率源2、三维定位系统3、B型超声成像系统6相连接;计算机网络系统7还可以通过网络连接电缆分别读取术前CT影像数据和术前MR影像数据。The circulating water cooling device 1 is connected to the computer network system 7 through a connecting cable, and communicates with the water-cooled needle-shaped
所述循环水冷却装置采用现有设备,其中的回水管、出水管分别与水冷式针状消融电极相连通,控制信号线及温度传感器均通过连接电缆连接到计算机网络系统。The circulating water cooling device adopts the existing equipment, wherein the return water pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively connected with the water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode, and the control signal line and the temperature sensor are connected to the computer network system through connecting cables.
所述可控射频功率源采用现有电路,来自计算机网络系统的PWM信号加至其控制输入端,其输出端则相应地输出受控的射频功率。The controllable radio frequency power source adopts the existing circuit, the PWM signal from the computer network system is added to its control input terminal, and its output terminal outputs the controlled radio frequency power accordingly.
所述水冷式针状消融电极采用现有装置。其中的连接电缆通过电缆插头与主机箱相连接,从可控射频功率源输入射频能量,输出温度检测信号到计算机网络系统;进、出水管连接至循环水冷却装置。水冷式针状消融电极插入靶组织,引导电极紧贴在患者的臀部或大腿外侧,两者构成射频回路,对病灶实施射频容性加热。The water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode adopts an existing device. The connecting cable is connected with the main box through the cable plug, the radio frequency energy is input from the controllable radio frequency power source, and the temperature detection signal is output to the computer network system; the water inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the circulating water cooling device. The water-cooled needle-shaped ablation electrode is inserted into the target tissue, and the guide electrode is closely attached to the patient's buttocks or outer thighs. The two form a radio frequency circuit to perform radio frequency capacitive heating on the lesion.
所述三维定位系统是一个受计算机网络系统控制的复杂的机电系统,由支架11、三维运动臂12、一号活动臂13、二号活动臂14和电磁跟踪模块15组成。支架11固定地安装在地面上。电磁跟踪模块15安装在支架11上,电磁跟踪模块15通过连接电缆与计算机网络系统7和三维运动臂12相连,用来跟踪超声成像探头5、水冷式针状消融电极4和人体的位置,保证这三者的坐标统一。三维运动臂12连接在支架11上,可以上下、左右、前后移动,使水冷式针状消融电极4、超声成像探头5快速地接近靶组织。一号活动臂13连接在三维运动臂12上,可以作精密的三维运动,运动时所产生的位置误差不大于1mm。水冷式针状消融电极4可拆卸地安装在一号活动臂13上,借一号活动臂13的运动准确地插入到病灶内。二号活动臂14也连接在三维运动臂12上,除可以作精密的三维运动,使超声成像探头5准确地朝向靶组织外,还可以通过平行移动,让超声成像探头5能获得靶组织的系列图像,供重建三维图像使用。三维定位系统提供了足够的自由度,且各维运动都受计算机网络系统控制。The three-dimensional positioning system is a complex electromechanical system controlled by a computer network system, and consists of a
所述超声成像探头5、B型超声成像系统6采用成熟的产品,它直接把获取的图像信息传送至计算机网络系统7。The
所述计算机网络系统7的硬件平台以高档微型计算机为核心,配以图象采集卡、多功能数据采集卡、控制卡、因特网接口等插卡,PCI和ISA总线,USB接口,存储器内存储有智能化监控软件、治疗计划软件,操作系统为Windows XP。The hardware platform of described computer network system 7 takes the high-grade microcomputer as the core, and is equipped with plug-in cards such as image acquisition card, multi-function data acquisition card, control card, Internet interface, PCI and ISA bus, USB interface, and storage has Intelligent monitoring software, treatment planning software, operating system is Windows XP.
所述智能化监控软件、治疗计划软件的编程语言为C++。The programming language of the intelligent monitoring software and treatment planning software is C ++ .
所述人机对话外设10包括键盘和鼠标,用来实现用户和计算机互动操作,即可以通过人机对话外设10进行人工干预。The man-machine dialogue peripheral 10 includes a keyboard and a mouse, which are used to realize the interactive operation between the user and the computer, that is, manual intervention can be performed through the man-
计算机网络系统7、人机对话外设10、智能化监控软件8和治疗计划软件9构成一个完整的计算机辅助手术系统。The computer network system 7, man-
在手术前,首先通过安装在三维定位系统3上的二号活动臂14上的超声成像探头5和B型超声成像系统6对患者的病灶,即靶组织进行定位。确定靶组织位置后,再进一步获取病人靶组织的序列断层图像,然后通过图像分割、提取等值面等处理,建立三维模型并使之可视化,同时区分病灶、血管、骨骼等感兴趣结构,确定消融范围。将三维模型,即重建的三维图像中的各个像素的位置参数x、y、z和色值、色调、饱和度等颜色参数的数据传送至计算机网络系统并存储,并将它作为靶组织的基准模型。据此可以制定治疗计划方案:确定水冷式射频消融电极针的进针位置、射频剂量、冷却水温度等。此外,为达到病人人体坐标和图像坐标间的联系和统一,需要在人体表面设置对超声敏感的标记。为实现更精确的治疗,也可以在术前由CT成像系统或MR成像系统获取靶组织图像,并将术前CT影像数据和术前MR影像数据与超声图像进行多模态信息融合。Before the operation, the patient's lesion, that is, the target tissue, is firstly positioned by the
在手术时,按制定的治疗计划方案,调整三维定位系统,在超声图像引导下向靶组织插入水冷式射频消融电极针。然后启动可控射频功率源和循环水冷却装置,前者按制定的治疗计划方案输出射频功率即射频剂量,后者则保持冷却水温度在设定值上。同时,通过超声成像探头和B型超声成像系统采集病人靶组织的图像,并与手术前建立的三维模型配准,实时、精确、动态地反映出各个像素的色值、色调、饱和度等颜色参数变化,进而判定病灶的消融状况,并据此发出相应的指令调控可控射频功率源的工作参数,即改变射频输出的幅度和工作比等,使消融治疗处于最佳状态。如此不断地采集、调控、再采集、再调控,即不断地及时更新病人模型、更新手术计划,直至新的靶组织模型与治疗计划中设定的治疗完成时的靶组织模型一致,此时判定消融治疗完成,一体机自动终止治疗。During the operation, the three-dimensional positioning system is adjusted according to the established treatment plan, and the water-cooled radiofrequency ablation electrode needle is inserted into the target tissue under the guidance of the ultrasound image. Then start the controllable radio frequency power source and the circulating water cooling device, the former outputs the radio frequency power according to the formulated treatment plan, that is, the radio frequency dose, and the latter keeps the temperature of the cooling water at the set value. At the same time, the image of the patient's target tissue is collected through the ultrasonic imaging probe and B-mode ultrasonic imaging system, and is registered with the 3D model established before the operation to reflect the color value, hue, saturation and other colors of each pixel in real time, accurately and dynamically The parameters change, and then determine the ablation status of the lesion, and accordingly issue corresponding instructions to adjust the working parameters of the controllable RF power source, that is, change the amplitude and working ratio of the RF output, so that the ablation treatment is in the best state. Such continuous acquisition, adjustment, re-acquisition, and re-adjustment means that the patient model and operation plan are continuously updated in time until the new target tissue model is consistent with the target tissue model set in the treatment plan when the treatment is completed. After the ablation treatment is completed, the all-in-one machine automatically terminates the treatment.
在手术后,重新采集病人靶组织的图像,对治疗效果进行最后的评估。After surgery, images of the patient's target tissue are reacquired for a final assessment of treatment effectiveness.
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| CN1522671A (en) * | 2003-09-04 | 2004-08-25 | 高春平 | Mechanical arm type automatic tridimensional positioning system |
| CN1593689A (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2005-03-16 | 上海交通大学 | Ultrasonic heat treatment system for mouth cavity and maxillofacial malignant tumor |
| CN1593353A (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2005-03-16 | 上海交通大学 | Water-cooled radio frequency system for tumour extinguishing |
| US20060178665A1 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-10 | Todd Sloan | Radio frequency ablation system with integrated ultrasound imaging |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12171460B2 (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2024-12-24 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Computer-assisted needle insertion system and computer-assisted needle insertion method |
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| CN1961841A (en) | 2007-05-16 |
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