CN100492985C - Method for managing network equipment based on Ethernet media access control layer - Google Patents
Method for managing network equipment based on Ethernet media access control layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100492985C CN100492985C CNB2004100308235A CN200410030823A CN100492985C CN 100492985 C CN100492985 C CN 100492985C CN B2004100308235 A CNB2004100308235 A CN B2004100308235A CN 200410030823 A CN200410030823 A CN 200410030823A CN 100492985 C CN100492985 C CN 100492985C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ethernet
- frame
- network
- network management
- field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Abstract
The process of configuring and inquiring instruction includes following steps: the Ethernet data frame is built up and sent out; receives the Ethernet data frame, if the data frame is not administer frame, it will be retransmitted and processed, and then is written into data buffer, other wise the administer instruction will be extracted and is written to register to make relevant configure and inquiry operation. The process of status message report includes: collects and stores relevant message; when receiving inquiry instruction and reporting working state at fixed period, reads the state message and builds up Ethernet administer frame; reads normal service data to build up Ethernet data frame; sends out the Ethernet administer frame and data frame; the terminal equipment receives all Ethernet frame; if the Ethernet frame is not an administer frame, then it will be abandoned; other wise obtains administer message and gets the required state message.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to data communication field, particularly relate to the method that ethernet network node device and whole network is managed and monitor based on Ethernet medium access control (MAC) layer.
Background technology
Webmaster and monitoring are the important component parts of communication network, are the important support means that guarantee network-efficient, reliable, economy and safe operation.For a complete network environment, the high-efficiency reliable network management function is absolutely necessary.
A common network management system comprises two assemblies: manager and by manager.Manager is a platform, and network manager is exercised the function of network management by it.Referred to the entity that on the quilt physical device of managing, is being played the interface effect by manager, managed devices refers to the network equipment that comprises managed object, comprise bridge, router, transducer and webserver or the like, wherein managed object can be that hardware, configuration parameter, performance statistics etc. are directly operated relevant factor with equipment operation.
The content of network management comprises two aspects: manager is from being obtained the various running parameters and the state information of network and equipment there by manager, the mode of obtaining information can be active inquiry, device interrupt and regularly report or the like; Manager is to being initiated configuration order by manager, the operating state of control managed devices.Obtaining of the configuration of these operating states and state information all is to be finished by the management information bank in the manager by visit.Therefore, the process of network management is exactly configuration and the process of obtaining the managed devices state information, and just manager is to being carried out the process of read and write access by the management information bank of manager.
At present, the method that is configured and manages for local network device normally adopts an independent interface, as shown in Figure 1.Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the traditional ethernet device that has network management interface, comprises Ethernet medium access control (MAC) layer equipment, a plurality of service terminals or work station and webmaster terminal (as the IBM compatible).The user by webmaster terminal such as PC serial line interface or come the webmaster register of read-write equipment by the mode of single-chip microcomputer access means parallel interface, obtain the state information of equipment and the various running parameters of simple configuration equipment.This way to manage, separate, the simplicity of design of webmaster and general data; Shortcoming is to need two different interfaces, the cost height, and speed is low, and the more important thing is when debugging at the scene, needs independent configure dedicated line, and inconvenience operates.
In data communication network, most widely used Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) becomes substantial the Internet webmaster standard with its a series of advantage.The snmp protocol method is simple, be easy to expand, and management system and hardware device are separated, and expanded the basis of supporting many service providers, is the suitable method that whole the Internet is managed; Yet snmp protocol is based upon on the User Datagram Protoco (UDP) (UDP), wants to use the SNMP network management protocol that the support of bottom IP stack must be arranged.
On the other hand, in the evolution of data communication, universal day by day with ethernet network of developing rapidly along with ethernet technology, people more and more get used to using Ethernet as basic transmission network, so also just promoted further developing and using more widely of ethernet technology, various two layers of Ethernet relevant device such as ethernet bridge, transducer, transceiver and switch or the like are used more and more widely.Now ethernet technology has been not only a kind of local area network technology, and it expands to just at leisure in the application of metropolitan area network even wide area network and goes, and increasing upper layer application also begins to carry out directly the exploitation based on Ethernet gradually.
Apparatus for network node for a large amount of ethernet mac layers comprises ethernet bridge, ethernet optical fiber transceiver, layer 2 ethernet switch or the like, and their major function is on the MAC layer Ethernet data to be carried out bridge joint, forwarding and exchange.Because the work that these equipment is finished all is based on the MAC layer, and is irrelevant fully with the IP layer protocol, therefore in these equipment, do not exist to there is no need to exist IP stack yet, also there is no need to possess the IP address certainly.
If use various upper stratas webmastering software that these MAC layer network node devices are managed, just be necessary for these equipment disposition specific I P addresses, increase the UDP/IP protocol stack, and encapsulation and decapsulation that network management information is carried out successively bother extremely and there is no need; If can finish the function of Ethernet webmaster on the second layer, design will be simplified greatly and can not increase taking the IP resource.Therefore, a kind of directly the management method based on the network equipment of ethernet mac layer is very necessary simply and easily in exploitation.
Summary of the invention
Because the apparatus for network node based on the MAC layer all has the network interface of a 10Mbps/100Mbps and terminal equipment to carry out data communication, and these network equipments itself have certain processing capabilities for ethernet data frame usually.The present invention has overcome the defective that exists in the prior art.The objective of the invention is a kind of special ethernet data frame is formed in administration order and network management information, utilize existing network channel to carry out the transmission of business datum and network management data simultaneously, do not need to increase again a new network management path, manage simple and conveniently, and the speed of network management data can be very high.
According to the present invention, management method based on the network equipment of Ethernet media access control layer comprises configuration and the processing of querying command and the step of state information report, and the treatment step of wherein said configuration and querying command comprises: network-termination device will dispose and querying command inserts and forms the also transmission of a complete ethernet data frame in the ethernet frame structure; The apparatus for network node of being managed receives the ethernet data frame that ethernet nic sends, judge by webmaster frame parsing module whether this ethernet data frame is the webmaster frame, if not, then this ethernet data frame is transmitted to the business data processing module, writes after treatment and receive metadata cache FIFO; If, then this ethernet data frame is transmitted to webmaster frame processing module, extract the webmaster order and write the webmaster register; Apparatus for network node disposes and query manipulation accordingly according to the content of this webmaster register; The step of described state information report comprises: the apparatus for network node of being managed is gathered the various information relevant with equipment working state in real time and is stored in the management information register, when node device is received the querying command that terminal equipment is sent, when receiving the interruption of the network equipment or regularly reporting work state information, the framing module of the webmaster frame in node device read status information and be filled in the protocol Data Unit field PDU that reports Ethernet webmaster frame according to certain bit-order from the management information register is formed a complete Ethernet webmaster frame then; Business datum sends processing module and reads common business datum and form complete ethernet data frame from send metadata cache FIFO; Under the control of Ethernet transmission control module, send described Ethernet webmaster frame and described ethernet data frame by Media Independent Interface; The network-termination device of participative management receives all ethernet frames that send by Media Independent Interface; Judge whether this ethernet frame is the webmaster frame; If judging this ethernet frame is not the webmaster frame, whether be that this network interface card MAC Address is handled or abandoned described ethernet data frame then according to destination address; If judging this frame is the webmaster frame, then loses and seal field acquisition network management information; Explain the implication of each information bit of the network management information that is obtained; Obtain the work state information of needs, finish the state information report of apparatus for network node terminal equipment.
According to the network management method based on the ethernet mac layer, network management path and common Ethernet data passage adopt same physical transmission channel, do not need to increase a new network management path again, manage simple and conveniently, and the speed of network management data can be very high.This way does not need to be provided with in addition network management interface, and all the service terminal equipment in the local area network (LAN) can manage and monitor apparatus for network node and whole network after specific webmastering software is installed as Network Management Equipment, and are simple to operation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the traditional ethernet device that has network management interface.
Fig. 2 is webmaster and the business datum block diagram with the ethernet device of a channel transfer.
Fig. 3 is the frame assumption diagram of ethernet mac frame.
Fig. 4 is the configuration in the ethernet mac layer equipment and the processing block diagram of querying command.
Fig. 5 is the processing block diagram of the Status Information Frame in the ethernet mac layer equipment.
Fig. 6 is the workflow diagram of configuration and querying command.
Fig. 7 is the workflow diagram of state information report.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 is the block diagram that webmaster and business datum adopt the ethernet node equipment of same passage.As shown in Figure 2, comprise Ethernet medium access control (MAC) layer equipment and a plurality of service terminal equipment that carries out the webmaster terminal equipment of webmaster terminal, participative management (below be also referred to as).The apparatus for network node of this ethernet mac layer carries out also playing a part the apparatus for network node of being managed bridge joint, forwarding and the exchange to Ethernet data on the MAC layer except being used for.According to network management of the present invention, by the terminal equipment of the apparatus for network node managed and participative management can from the Ethernet data that receives, distinguish which be common business datum which be the network management information data, can realize utilizing an information channel to transmit common business datum and network management information data simultaneously, therefore can on network-termination device, utilize webmastering software simply and easily directly node device to be managed and monitors.
Can analyze the frame structure of ethernet data frame earlier about how distinguishing common business datum and network management information data.The frame structure of ethernet data frame as shown in Figure 3.The frame structure of ethernet frame is made up of 5 fields, comprises destination address field (DAF) DA, source MAC field SA, type field Type, protocol Data Unit field PDU and checksum field FCS.Wherein destination address field (DAF) DA refers to the target MAC (Media Access Control) address of this ethernet frame, comprises broadcast address, multicast address and particular unicast address, and length is 6 bytes; Source MAC field SA refers to the MAC Address of the source device that sends this ethernet data frame, and length is 6 bytes, and source MAC can not be broadcasting or multicast address; Type field Type refers to the protocol type of the upper-layer protocol data that this ethernet frame carries, and length is 2 bytes; Protocol Data Unit field PDU refers to this ethernet frame institute data carried by data content, and length is 46-1500 byte; Checksum field FCS be by the verification that computing draws through FCS of the bit sequence of preceding several fields and, length is 4 bytes.
More than in each field, the destination address field (DAF) DA of front, source MAC field SA, type field Type and four fields of protocol Data Unit field PDU can be specified by user oneself, as long as the content of these fields of user's appointment can make a distinction with the content of general data, apparatus for network node and terminal equipment just can make a distinction webmaster frame and common Frame.Can adopt destination address, source address, frame type unique, that can not duplicate such as the user,, guarantee that these fields can not repeat with the respective field of other Frame perhaps at the specific bit sequence of the inner increase of protocol Data Unit field PDU.
Therefore, by relatively destination address field (DAF) DA, source MAC field SA, type field Type can judge whether ethernet data frame is the webmaster frame.
Management method below with reference to the concrete narration of Fig. 4-7 network equipment based on the ethernet mac layer of the present invention.The processing and the state information report that comprise configuration and querying command based on the management method of the network equipment of ethernet mac layer.
Fig. 4 is the configuration in the ethernet mac layer equipment and the processing block diagram of querying command.Fig. 6 is the workflow diagram of configuration and querying command.The course of work below in conjunction with Fig. 4 and 6 narration configurations and querying command.
Webmastering software in the network-termination device (PC) will be inquired about and configure order is formed bit sequence according to certain form, and be filled in the protocol Data Unit field PDU of ethernet frame, if fill the field length that obtains behind the bit sequence of inquiry and the configuration order Ethernet length of short frame not enough, can increase byte of padding and reach this length; Fill destination address field (DAF) DA, source MAC field SA and type field TYPE then in the front of protocol Data Unit field PDU, increase checksum field FCS in the back, form a complete ethernet data frame and send by ethernet nic.After the apparatus for network node of being managed receives the ethernet data frame that sends by ethernet nic, the specific fields that compares ethernet data frame by webmaster frame parsing module 401, for example compare destination address field (DAF) DA, source MAC field SA and type field TYPE, judge whether this frame is the webmaster frame: if not, then this ethernet data frame is transmitted to business data processing module 402, writes after treatment and receive metadata cache FIFO 403; If, then this ethernet data frame is transmitted to webmaster frame processing module 404, protocol Data Unit field PDU contents extraction is come out and write webmaster register 405 in a certain order, apparatus for network node disposes and query manipulation accordingly according to the content of register then, has so just finished inquiry and the configuration of terminal equipment to node device.
Fig. 5 is the processing block diagram of the Status Information Frame in the ethernet mac layer equipment.Fig. 7 is the workflow diagram of state information report.Process below in conjunction with Fig. 5 and 7 narration state information reports.At first the apparatus for network node of being managed is gathered the various information relevant with equipment working state in real time and is stored in the management information register 504, when node device receive querying command that terminal equipment sends, when receiving the interruption of the network equipment or regularly reporting work state information, the framing module 505 of webmaster frame read status information and be filled in the protocol Data Unit field PDU that reports Ethernet webmaster frame from management information register 504 in the node device according to certain bit-order; Increase destination address field (DAF) DA, source MAC field SA, type field TYPE and checksum field FCS then, form complete Ethernet webmaster frame.In addition, as the MAC layer network device, the exchange of ethernet mac frame and forwarding are its basic functions, and business datum sends processing module 502 and reads common business datum and form complete ethernet data frame from send metadata cache FIFO501.These two kinds dissimilar Ethernet webmaster frames and ethernet data frame are to send by a Media Independent Interface (MII) under Ethernet sends the coordination of control module 503.
The network interface card of the network-termination device of participative management can receive the ethernet frame that all pass in and out this network interface card after being provided with through webmastering software, by comparing destination address field (DAF) DA, source MAC field SA and type field TYPE, can judge whether this frame is the webmaster frame, if not, judge then whether destination address is this network interface card MAC Address, if judged result is for being then by other software these ethernet data frames to be handled, if judged result is not for being then to abandon this frame; If judging this frame is the webmaster frame, then lose and seal field, the protocol Data Unit field PDU field contents of this ethernet frame is extracted and obtain network management information, implication to each information bit makes an explanation then, obtain needing by the work state information of webmaster node device, finish the state information report of apparatus for network node to terminal equipment.
MAC Address about the webmaster frame, when webmastering software is inquired about and is disposed apparatus for network node, the destination address of webmaster frame can adopt broadcast address also can adopt the particular unicast MAC Address, and the apparatus for network node of being managed can both receive this webmaster frame and further resolve; If but the apparatus for network node of being managed is a centralized device, webmastering software needs simultaneously many different node devices to be inquired about and disposed, just require the MAC Address of that equipment that the unique sensing of destination address of webmaster frame will dispose, therefore will be every needs the node device of management to distribute fixing unique MAC Address.
Most two layers of ethernet node equipment itself do not possess MAC Address, must use suitable MAC Address and will form a suitable Ethernet webmaster frame, must distribute unique MAC Address to the node device that each needs is managed simultaneously according to mentioned above principle.Owing to stipulated some particular address as privately owned address, this locality in the MAC Address distribution principle of IEEE, can not repeat with the MAC Address of each macroreticular manufacturer.
Like this, webmastering software in the terminal equipment just can send the Ethernet webmaster frame with following feature to node device: destination address is the MAC Address of specified node equipment, source address is the MAC Address of this terminal equipment (PC), and type is specific ethernet frame type.The network management information that apparatus for network node sends reports frame can possess following feature: source address is the MAC Address of this node device appointment, type is specific ethernet frame type, destination address can be that broadcast address also can be the MAC Address that sends the terminal equipment of querying command, and all terminal equipments can both be received this webmaster frame in the whole local area network that this interface was connected when destination address was selected broadcast address; And destination address has only specific terminal equipment can receive this webmaster frame when selecting specific unicast address.
General ethernet nic has two kinds of mode of operations: real pattern and mixed mode.Usually, the network interface card of computer (PC) is operated under the real pattern, and this network interface card can only receive the ethernet frame that destination address equals this network interface card MAC Address; In order to receive and send the ethernet frame of all MAC Address, can be set to mixed mode by network interface card, network interface card can receive and send the ethernet frame that all pass in and out this network interface card under this mode of operation, and no matter whether destination address identical with this network interface card address.
Because the webmaster frame of the present invention's definition is a kind of special, self-defining ethernet frame format, therefore only transmits in this local area network (LAN).Certainly, owing to be that local node equipment is managed and monitors, the webmaster frame only need transmit in local area network (LAN), ends in apparatus for network node and network-termination device.
Embodiment recited above is based on the network management method of ethernet mac layer, network management path and common Ethernet data passage adopt same physical transmission channel, this method does not need to be provided with in addition network management interface, all service terminal equipment in the local area network (LAN) are after installing specific webmastering software, can be used as Network Management Equipment manages and monitors apparatus for network node and whole network, simple to operation, this webmaster mode is still very desirable under the fairly simple situation of topology, but network management path and service channel can not independent operating and maintenances.
Network management path and general service passage independent operating and maintenance if desired, can be beyond the Ethernet interface of service channel, increase an independently webmaster Ethernet interface again, concrete webmaster process is similar to the above process, because the transmission path of Ethernet webmaster frame and ethernet data frame is different, therefore need on frame structure, not distinguish these two kinds of ethernet frames.The number of pin of Media Independent Interface (MII interface) of considering Ethernet is many, can adopt the Media Independent Interface (RMII interface) of simplification.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100308235A CN100492985C (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2004-04-07 | Method for managing network equipment based on Ethernet media access control layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100308235A CN100492985C (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2004-04-07 | Method for managing network equipment based on Ethernet media access control layer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1681251A CN1681251A (en) | 2005-10-12 |
| CN100492985C true CN100492985C (en) | 2009-05-27 |
Family
ID=35067688
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100308235A Expired - Fee Related CN100492985C (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2004-04-07 | Method for managing network equipment based on Ethernet media access control layer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100492985C (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100444557C (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2008-12-17 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | Method for positioning target apparatus in two layer network |
| CN101001263B (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2010-11-24 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for configuring MAC address at each node in inner exchange network |
| CN101009582B (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2012-05-09 | 电信科学技术仪表研究所 | Real-time online monitoring method and device based on the 2M data circuit transfer quality |
| CN100553261C (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2009-10-21 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Realization method of Ethernet interface in a kind of embedded system |
| DE102006011524B4 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-11-29 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and system for transmitting data of a data type to be transmitted cyclically and an acyclically transferable data type over a common transmission channel |
| CN101083593B (en) * | 2006-05-29 | 2010-04-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and system for communicating with a communication device |
| CN101299763B (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2011-04-20 | 南京邮电大学 | Method for reconfiguration of wireless medium access control layer protocol |
| CN102065569B (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2013-08-28 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Ethernet MAC sublayer controller suitable for WLAN |
| CN108631873B (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2023-04-07 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for transmitting and receiving network management information, transmitting equipment and receiving equipment |
| CN109255420B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2024-12-17 | 上海紫越网络科技股份有限公司 | Wireless card, data analysis method/system, readable storage medium and server |
| CN111224760B (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2022-10-25 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Management information transmission method and device |
| CN113225376B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-07-08 | 桂林电子科技大学 | An FPGA-based adaptation method of Ethernet frame and SDN data frame |
| CN114401238B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-02-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | Switch management control method, system, computer equipment and data processing terminal |
-
2004
- 2004-04-07 CN CNB2004100308235A patent/CN100492985C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1681251A (en) | 2005-10-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7656788B2 (en) | High-reliability cluster management | |
| US6298061B1 (en) | Port aggregation protocol | |
| CN1290292C (en) | Network Attached Storage SNMP Single System Image | |
| CN102082690B (en) | Passive finding equipment and method of network topology | |
| CN100492985C (en) | Method for managing network equipment based on Ethernet media access control layer | |
| CN101842710A (en) | Scalable Connectivity Fault Management in Bridged/Virtual Private LAN Service Environments | |
| CN1826769A (en) | virtual network device | |
| JP2017516417A (en) | System and method for controlling a network switch using a switch modeling interface in a controller | |
| US20190207832A1 (en) | Telemetry for servers and devices using a link-layer protocol | |
| US20070081535A1 (en) | Method and system for implementing virtual router redundacy protocol on a resilient packet ring | |
| CN114024880B (en) | Network target range probe acquisition method and system based on proxy IP and flow table | |
| JP3940092B2 (en) | Integrated management method for local area network switching equipment | |
| CN1451215A (en) | Selective address table aging in a network switch | |
| CN114371912A (en) | Virtual network management method of data center and data center system | |
| CN100370762C (en) | Method, device and system for processing alarm messages | |
| CN109067633A (en) | Power-supply management system and method based on Ethernet daisy chain communication network topology | |
| CN113037542B (en) | A cloud network topology construction method based on software-defined network | |
| CN107623752A (en) | Network management and device based on link layer | |
| CN105656715A (en) | Method and device for monitoring state of network device under cloud computing environment | |
| CN104539539A (en) | Multi-service-board data forwarding method for AC device | |
| US6658012B1 (en) | Statistics for VLAN bridging devices | |
| US20050086368A1 (en) | System and method for determining nearest neighbor information | |
| KR102092015B1 (en) | Method, apparatus and computer program for recognizing network equipment in a software defined network | |
| CN106533775A (en) | Virtual member equipment and neighbor discovery method | |
| CN113746659B (en) | Method, equipment and system for network topology discovery |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20090527 Termination date: 20140407 |