CN100535517C - Multi-channel liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating synthesis gas burner and uses thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multichannel liquid state fuel section oxidation to synthesize gas burning mouth and application, which is characterized by the following: setting the burning mouth as outer race injector, middle ring injector and inner ring injector; connecting the outer race injector, middle ring injector and inner ring injector to center duct, middle ring duct and outer ring duct; comprising center injector; arranging the center injector in the inner ring injector; setting the center injector as a docking cone pipe; arranging capping on the top; arranging small hole on the capping; setting the inner ring passage between the center injector and the inner ring passage. This invention possesses the advantages of simple structure, convenient production and great atomized property.

Description

Multi-channel partial oxidation of liquid fuel to synthesis gas burner and its application

technical field

The invention relates to a burner for preparing synthesis gas, in particular to a burner for preparing synthesis gas (CO+H ₂ ) by partial oxidation of liquid fuel.

Background technique

Liquid fuel (including liquid hydrocarbon fuel, or pumpable slurry of solid carbonaceous material, solid carbonaceous material selected from pulverized coal, petroleum coke, biomass or solid waste) partial oxidation to produce an entrained flow bed of synthesis gas The gasification method is to chemically react liquid fuel and gasification agent under high temperature and high pressure in an entrained bed to produce synthesis gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This gasification method has high temperature and pressure, high equipment production intensity, high carbon conversion rate, and strong adaptability to fuels. The synthetic gas produced can be used for power generation, production of chemicals and fertilizers, synthetic oil products, and gas fuels, etc. , is widely used.

Burner is one of the key components of entrained bed gasification. Through it, the liquid fuel and gasification agent are introduced into the entrained bed at a certain speed, and under the aerodynamic force of the high-speed injection of the gasification agent, the liquid fuel is atomized into small droplets to achieve full mixing of the liquid fuel and the gasification agent, and occurs chemical reaction. Since the reaction temperature in the gasification reactor is as high as ~1500°C and the pressure is about 1.0~10MPa, the requirements for the burner are very high. Improper design of the burner structure will lead to poor atomization effect of the burner, ablation of the end of the burner, leakage of the burner cooling system, etc., resulting in serious consequences. Existing burner patent technologies, such as Chinese patent application numbers: 93118217.4, 94214422.8, 95111750.5, etc., have problems such as poor burner atomization effect and short burner service life. In practice, there is an urgent need for a syngas burner with excellent atomization performance and long service life for partial oxidation of liquid fuel.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to disclose a burner for producing syngas by partial oxidation of liquid fuel and its application, so as to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

Said liquid fuel partial oxidation synthesis gas burner of the present invention comprises:

Outer ring nozzles, middle ring nozzles and inner ring nozzles arranged coaxially in sequence;

An outer ring conduit, a middle ring conduit and a center conduit respectively connected to the outer ring nozzle, the middle ring nozzle and the inner ring nozzle;

It is characterized in that it also includes a center nozzle arranged in the inner ring nozzle;

The center nozzle is a truncated conical tube with a cover on the top and a small hole on the cover. There is an inner ring channel between the center nozzle and the inner ring nozzle, and the gasification is realized through the small hole on the center nozzle. The distribution of agent between the center nozzle and the inner ring nozzle.

After the liquid fuel partial oxidation synthesis gas burner of the present invention is installed in the gasification furnace, it can be used for liquid fuel partial oxidation to prepare synthesis gas. Said liquid fuel includes liquid hydrocarbon fuel, or solid carbon-containing fuel that can be pumped. Material slurry, the solid carbonaceous material is selected from one or a mixture of pulverized coal, petroleum coke, biomass or solid waste.

The gasifying agent is sprayed into the gasifier from the outer ring nozzle, the inner ring nozzle and the center nozzle of the burner, and the liquid fuel is injected into the gasifier through the middle ring nozzle of the burner. The flow rate of the gasification agent in the center nozzle is 1-100m/s , the flow velocity of the gasification agent in the inner ring nozzle is 20-300m/s, and the flow velocity of the gasification agent in the outer ring nozzle is 20-300m/s;

The liquid fuel is injected into the gasifier from the middle ring nozzle of the burner, and the flow rate is 1-30m/s.

The gasification agent is distributed as follows:

The amount of gasification agent in the outer ring nozzle is 48-98% of the total volume of the gasification agent, the inner ring nozzle is 1-50%, and the center nozzle is 1-50%;

After the liquid fuel is sprayed into the gasification furnace through the nozzle in the middle ring of the burner, under the action of the high-speed aerodynamic force of the gasification agent, the liquid fuel is atomized into small droplets, and is vigorously mixed with the gasification agent at the nozzle. Partial oxidation reaction, namely gasification reaction.

Said gasifying agent is one of air, oxygen-enriched air with an oxygen volume content greater than 21%, pure oxygen with an oxygen volume content greater than 98%, water vapor or CO ₂ or a mixture thereof.

The applicable pressure of the burner of the present invention is 0.5-12.0 MPa.

The burner according to the invention is also suitable for the production of reducing gas.

Due to the multi-channel structure of the burner of the present invention, the aerodynamic force inside and outside (especially inside) of the liquid film is greatly enhanced, and the atomization performance of the burner is obviously improved. The burner of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture and maintenance, excellent atomization performance, uniform mixing, long service life of the burner cooling system, etc., and is widely used.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a burner for producing syngas by partial oxidation of liquid fuel according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of part A-A in FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the central nozzle.

Detailed ways

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, said burner of the present invention comprises:

The outer ring nozzle 1, the middle ring nozzle 2 and the inner ring nozzle 3 are arranged coaxially in sequence;

An outer ring conduit 5, a middle ring conduit 6 and a central conduit 7 connected to the outer ring nozzle 1, the middle ring nozzle 2 and the inner ring nozzle 3 respectively;

It is characterized in that it also includes a central spray head 4 arranged in the inner ring spray head 3;

Said center nozzle 4 is a truncated conical tube, the top is provided with a cover 401, and the cover 401 is provided with a small hole 18, between the center nozzle 4 and the inner ring nozzle 3 is an inner ring channel 10, through which the center nozzle The small holes 18 on the top realize the distribution of the gasification agent between the center nozzle and the inner ring nozzle;

See Figure 2 and Figure 3:

Preferably, the area of the small hole 18 is 1-50% of the inner ring channel 10;

Preferably, the inner ring channel guide block 12 in the inner ring channel 10;

Preferably, the spout of the said central nozzle 4 is provided with a straight section of the nozzle, the ratio of the diameter d of the nozzle of the central nozzle 4 to the height h of the straight section of the nozzle, i.e. h:d=0～10, preferably 0.1～4;

Preferably, the distance r between the nozzle end face of the center nozzle 4 and the nozzle end face of the inner ring nozzle 3 is 0-3 mm, preferably 0-2 mm;

Preferably, said central nozzle 4 has a central nozzle internal contraction half angle ω and a central nozzle lateral tilt angle σ, ω is 0° to 70°, preferably 5° to 30°, and σ is 10° to 90°, preferably 40° °～85°;

Preferably, the inner ring nozzle 3 has an inner contraction half angle α of the inner ring nozzle and an outer inclination angle β of the inner ring nozzle, α is 0° to 80°, preferably 5° to 50°, and β is 10° to 90°, preferably 40° °～85°;

The middle ring nozzle 2 has the inner contraction half angle ε of the middle ring nozzle and the outer inclination angle γ of the middle ring nozzle, ε is 0°-80°, preferably 5°-50°, and γ is 10°-90°, preferably 40°-85°;

为0°～80°，优选为5°～50°；The outer ring nozzle 1 has an inner contraction half angle of the outer ring nozzle

0°～80°, preferably 5°～50°;

The distance s between the nozzle end face of the inner ring nozzle 3 and the nozzle end face of the middle ring nozzle 2 is 0-20 mm, preferably 0.5-10 mm;

The distance t between the nozzle end face of the middle ring nozzle 2 and the nozzle end face of the outer ring nozzle 1 is 0-20 mm, preferably 0.5-10 mm;

Preferably, referring to Fig. 1, said burner also includes a cooling system, and said cooling system includes a cooling chamber 15 arranged outside the outer ring nozzle 1, a cooling liquid inlet pipe and a cooling liquid outlet communicating with the cooling chamber 15 Tube. The coolant inlet and outlet conduits are connected to the rear of the cooling chamber by welding. Said cooling liquid is generally water, also can be other safe liquids.

Example 1

After the above-mentioned burner is installed in the gasifier disclosed in Chinese Patent No. 98110616.1, when the fuel is a coal-water slurry with a concentration of 61% (mass %), use 98% (volume) pure oxygen as the gasification agent to gasify The result is that the effective gas component CO+H ₂ (vol%) in the synthesis gas is 83.5%, the ash residue carbon is 3%, and the continuous service life of the burner can reach 4 months, fully meeting the requirements of coal-water slurry gasification.

The structural parameters of said burner are as follows:

为50°；ω is 5°, σ is 85°; α is 5°, β is 80°; ε is 10°, γ is 40°;

is 50°;

The ratio of the spout diameter d of the center nozzle 4 to the straight section height h of the spout, i.e. h: d=0.1;

The distance r between the nozzle end face of the center nozzle 4 and the nozzle end face of the inner ring nozzle 3 is 0.5 mm;

The distance s between the nozzle end face of the inner ring nozzle 3 and the nozzle end face of the middle ring nozzle 2 is 4mm

The distance t between the nozzle end face of the middle ring nozzle 2 and the nozzle end face of the outer ring nozzle 1 is 2 mm;

The area of the small hole 18 is 30% of the inner ring channel (10);

The specific process is as follows:

The gasification agent is injected into the gasifier from the burner center nozzle, the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle, and the liquid fuel is injected into the gasifier through the burner middle ring nozzle.

The flow velocity of the gasification agent in the center nozzle is 20m/s, the flow velocity of the gasification agent in the inner ring nozzle is 180m/s, the flow velocity of the gasification agent in the outer ring nozzle is 180m/s, and the flow velocity of the liquid fuel is 20m/s. 80% of the gasification agent is sprayed into the gasifier through the outer ring nozzle, 15% of the gasification agent is injected into the gasifier through the inner ring nozzle, and 5% of the gasification agent is injected into the gasifier through the center nozzle; the pressure is 6.5MPa.

Example 2

After the above-mentioned burner is installed in the gasifier disclosed in Chinese patent 98110616.1, when the fuel is a coal-water slurry with a concentration of 63% (mass %), with 99.6% pure oxygen as the gasification agent, the gasification result is a synthetic The effective gas component CO+H ₂ (vol%) in the gas is 85.5%, the residual carbon in the ash residue is 3%, and the continuous service life of the burner can reach 4 months, fully meeting the requirements of coal-water slurry gasification.

The structural parameters of said burner are as follows:

为60°；ω is 10°, σ is 80°; α is 10°, β is 70°; ε is 20°, γ is 30°;

is 60°;

The ratio of the spout diameter d of the center nozzle 4 to the straight section height h of the spout, i.e. h: d=1;

The distance r between the nozzle end face of the center nozzle 4 and the nozzle end face of the inner ring nozzle 3 is 2 mm;

The distance s between the nozzle end face of the inner ring nozzle 3 and the nozzle end face of the middle ring nozzle 2 is 5mm;

The distance t between the nozzle end face of the middle ring nozzle 2 and the nozzle end face of the outer ring nozzle 1 is 5mm;

The area of the small hole 18 is 20% of the inner ring channel 10;

The specific process is as follows:

The gasification agent is injected into the gasifier from the burner center nozzle, the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle, and the liquid fuel is injected into the gasifier through the burner middle ring nozzle. The flow velocity of the gasification agent in the center nozzle is 10m/s, the flow velocity of the gasification agent in the inner ring nozzle is 110m/s, the flow velocity of the gasification agent in the outer ring nozzle is 110m/s, and the flow velocity of the liquid fuel is 10m/s. 60% of the gasification agent is injected into the gasifier through the outer ring nozzle, 30% of the gasification agent is injected into the gasifier through the inner ring nozzle, and 10% of the gasification agent is injected into the gasifier through the center nozzle; the pressure is 2.0MPa.

Claims (10)

1. multi-channel liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating synthesis gas burner comprises:

The outer shroud shower nozzle (1) of coaxial setting, middle ring spray head (2) and interior ring spray head (3) successively;

Outer shroud conduit (5), middle ring conduit (6) and the centre pipe (7) that is connected with outer shroud shower nozzle (1), middle ring spray head (2) and interior ring spray head (3) respectively; It is characterized in that described burner also comprises the center shower nozzle (4) that is arranged in the interior ring spray head (3); Said center shower nozzle (4) is the Taper Pipe of a butt, and the top of described Taper Pipe is provided with capping (401), and capping (401) is provided with aperture (18), is interior ring passage (10) between center shower nozzle (4) and the interior ring spray head (3).

2. multi-channel liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating synthesis gas burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the area of aperture (18) is 1～50% of an interior ring passage (10).

3. multi-channel liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating synthesis gas burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that, ring passage baffle (12) in being provided with in the interior ring passage (10).

4. multi-channel liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating synthesis gas burner according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the spout place of said center shower nozzle (4) is provided with the spout straight section, the ratio of the spout bore d of center shower nozzle (4) and spout straight section height h, h: d=0～10.

5. multi-channel liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating synthesis gas burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that, between the vents face of the vents face of said center shower nozzle (4) and interior ring spray head (3) is 0～3mm apart from r.

6. multi-channel liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating synthesis gas burner according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, said center shower nozzle (4) has contraction half-angle ω and the outer angle of heel σ of center shower nozzle in the shower nozzle of center, and ω is 0 °～70 °, and σ is 10 °～90 °.

7. according to each described multi-channel liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating synthesis gas burner of claim 1～6, it is characterized in that, interior ring spray head (3) has contraction half-angle α and interior ring spray head outside angle of inclination beta in the interior ring spray head, and α is 0 °～80 °, and β is 10 °～90 °;

Middle ring spray head (2) has contraction half-angle ε and middle ring spray head outside tilt angle gamma in the middle ring spray head, and ε is 0 °～80 °, and γ is 10 °～90 °;

Outer shroud shower nozzle (1) has contraction half-angle in the outer shroud shower nozzle

Be 0 °～80 °, between the vents face of said interior ring spray head (3) and the vents face of middle ring spray head (2) is 0～20mm apart from s, and between the vents face of said middle ring spray head (2) and the vents face of outer shroud shower nozzle (1) is 0～20mm apart from t.

8. multi-channel liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating synthesis gas burner according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, said burner also comprises cooling system, and said cooling system comprises the cooling chamber (15) that is arranged on outer shroud shower nozzle (1) outside, cooling liquid inlet pipe and the coolant outlet that is connected with cooling chamber (15).

9. the application of each described multi-channel liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating synthesis gas burner of claim 1～8 is characterized in that, liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating synthesis gas burner is installed on gasification furnace after, be used for liquid stage fuel partial oxidation generating and be equipped with synthesis gas.

10. application according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, said liquid fuel comprises liquid hydrocarbon matter fuel, or the slurry of pumpable solid carbon-contg material, and the solid carbon-contg material is selected from a kind of or its mixture in fine coal, petroleum coke, living beings or the solid-state castoff;

Gasifying agent is entered gasification furnace from the outer shroud shower nozzle of burner, interior ring spray head and the injection of center shower nozzle, liquid fuel sprays by ring spray head in the burner and enters gasification furnace, the flow velocity of center shower nozzle gasifying agent is 1～100m/s, the flow velocity of an interior ring spray gasifying agent is 20～300m/s, and the flow velocity of outer shroud shower nozzle gasifying agent is 20～300m/s;

Liquid fuel ring spray head injection from burner is entered gasification furnace, and flow velocity is 1～30m/s;

Being allocated as follows of gasifying agent:

The amount of the gasifying agent of outer shroud shower nozzle is 48～98% of a gasifying agent cumulative volume, and interior ring spray head is 1～50%, and the center shower nozzle is 1～50%;

Said gasifying agent is that the volume content of air, oxygen is greater than 21% oxygen-enriched air, water vapour or CO ₂In a kind of or its mixture.

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