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CN100541877C - Heterogeneous, silicon-containing electrodes for lithium-ion batteries - Google Patents

Heterogeneous, silicon-containing electrodes for lithium-ion batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100541877C
CN100541877C CNB2004800227965A CN200480022796A CN100541877C CN 100541877 C CN100541877 C CN 100541877C CN B2004800227965 A CNB2004800227965 A CN B2004800227965A CN 200480022796 A CN200480022796 A CN 200480022796A CN 100541877 C CN100541877 C CN 100541877C
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silicon
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CN1842932A (en
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利夫·克里斯坦森
马克·N·奥布罗瓦茨
黎丁巴
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Johnson Matthey PLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/048—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by pulverising a quenched ribbon
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/002—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof amorphous or microcrystalline
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    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract

一种用于锂离子电池的电极组合物，包括具有1μm至50μm范围内的平均颗粒尺寸的颗粒。该颗粒包括共享公共相界的电化学活性相和电化学非活性相。电化学活性相包括元素硅，以及电化学非活性相包括以金属间化合物、固体溶液或其组合物的形式的至少两种金属元素。在循环之前，该相的每一种没有大于1000埃的晶粒。此外，在通过锂离子电池中的一次完全充电-放电循环该电极被循环之后，电化学活性相是非晶的。

Figure 200480022796

An electrode composition for a lithium ion battery comprising particles having an average particle size in the range of 1 μm to 50 μm. The particle includes an electrochemically active phase and an electrochemically inactive phase that share a common phase boundary. The electrochemically active phase includes elemental silicon, and the electrochemically inactive phase includes at least two metallic elements in the form of intermetallic compounds, solid solutions, or combinations thereof. Each of the phases had no grains larger than 1000 Angstroms prior to cycling. Furthermore, after the electrode is cycled through one full charge-discharge cycle in a Li-ion battery, the electrochemically active phase is amorphous.

Figure 200480022796

Description

Be used for lithium ion battery heterogeneous, contain silicon electrode
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electrod composition useful to lithium ion battery.
Background technology
Various metals, metalloid (metalloid) and alloy are studied, are used for the active anode composition as lithium ion battery.These materials are attracting, have higher weight and volume capacity potentially because they are compared with graphite with carbon, and carbon current and graphite both are as the anode in the lithium ion battery.But, utilize a problem of these materials to be, since lithiumation and go lithiumation, the big volumetric expansion of they experience in battery operated process.This volumetric expansion causes this material to be damaged again, therefore limits cycle life (cycle life).In addition, the method that is used for preparing these materials is not easy extensive manufacturing always.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the electrod composition that is suitable for the lithium ion battery use, wherein this electrod composition demonstrates high capacitance and good cycle life.In addition, the battery of this electrod composition and this electrod composition of introducing is easily made.
In order to obtain these purposes, characteristics of the present invention are, in first aspect, electrod composition comprises the particle with the average particle size particle size in 1 μ m to 50 mu m range, and wherein this particle comprises that the electro-chemical activity of sharing at least one public phase boundary is mutually nonactive with electrochemistry mutually.Electro-chemical activity comprises elemental silicon mutually, and the nonactive at least two kinds of metallic elements that comprise mutually with the form of intermetallic compound, solid solution or its composition of electrochemistry.In certain embodiments, the nonactive silicon that also comprises mutually of electrochemistry.Each of this phase did not have the crystal grain greater than 1000 dusts before circulation.And, electro-chemical activity in lithium ion battery by once fully charging-discharge cycle to circulate after this electrode be amorphous.Preferably, in recharge-discharge cycle process, when voltage greater than 70mV vs.Li/Li +The time, more preferably greater than 50mV vs.Li/Li +The time, electro-chemical activity keeps amorphous mutually.
" electro-chemical activity " material is the material that reacts with lithium under the condition of typically meeting in charging in lithium ion battery and the discharge process." electrochemistry is nonactive " material is the material that does not react with lithium under the sort of condition.
" amorphous " material is to lack the material of the length of crystalline material apart from atomic order characteristic by X-ray diffraction or transmission electron microscope observation.
This electrod composition can prepare according to technology, and this technology comprises that (a) is melted in elemental silicon and two or more additional metal elements together in inert atmosphere, to form crystal ingot (ingot); (b) this crystal ingot of fusing in inert atmosphere is to form melt flow; (c) this melt flow of quenching apace on the surface of runner is to form ribbon; And (d) grind this ribbon, the particle that has the average particle size particle size in 1 μ m to 50 mu m range with formation.
To set forth one or more embodiments of the detail of the present invention in the drawing and description below.To understand other characteristics of the present invention, purpose and advantage by this specification and accompanying drawing and by claim.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the X-ray diffraction distribution map of the melt-spun described in the example 1 (melt-spun) silicon-aluminium-iron powder.
Fig. 2 is according to the cycle performance of capacity vs. cycle-index explanation based on the half-cell of the melt-spun described in the example 1 and non-melt-spun silicon-aluminium-iron powder.
Fig. 3 is scanning electron microscopy (SEM) picture of the melt-spun silicon-aluminium-iron powder described in the example 1.
Fig. 4 explanation is based on different capabilities (differential capacity) the vs. voltage of the half-cell of the melt-spun silicon-aluminium-iron powder described in the example 1.
Fig. 5 is before circulation and at 35 X-ray diffraction distribution maps of the melt-spun silicon-aluminium-iron powder described in the example 1 afterwards that circulate.
Fig. 6 is the curve of the capacity vs. cycle-index of example 2 described powder.
Same reference numeral among each figure is represented identical element.
Embodiment
Useful to the anode of lithium ion battery especially electrod composition will be described below.This electrod composition is mutually nonactive with electrochemistry with electro-chemical activity to be characteristics mutually, and electro-chemical activity comprises elemental silicon mutually, and electrochemistry is nonactive comprises two or more metallic elements mutually, and preferred silicon.The example of the metallic element that is fit to comprises iron, aluminium, nickel, manganese, cobalt, copper, silver, and chromium, and iron, copper and aluminium are particularly preferred.These two kinds have the microstructure of describing in the top summary of the invention mutually.
This electrod composition preferably prepares by chill melt-spinning process (chill block melt spinningprocess).For example at " Amorphous Metallic Alloys " F.E.Luborsky, ed., Chapter 2, Butterworth﹠amp; Co., Ltd. (London) has generally described this technology in 1983.According to this technology, fusing comprises the crystal ingot of silicon and two or more metallic element in radiofrequency field, then by nozzle ejection on the surface of rotating metallic wheel (for example, copper wheel).Because the surface temperature of copper wheel is lower than the temperature of the melt that contacts with the surface of wheel fully, this melt therefore quenches.Quenching prevents to form the big crystal grain harmful to electrode performance.
This electrod composition is particularly useful in the anode of lithium ion battery.In order to prepare battery, this electrode combines with electrolyte and negative electrode (counterelectrode).Electrolyte can be with the form of liquid, solid or gel.The example of solid electrolyte comprise the electrolyte of polymerization such as poly(ethylene oxide), polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorine-containing copolymer with and composition.The example of liquid electrolyte comprise carbon ester ethene, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate with and composition.This electrolyte is provided with lithium electrolyte salt.The example of the salt that is fit to comprises LiPF 6, LiBF 4And LiClO 4The example of the cathode compositions that is fit to comprises LiCoO 2, LiCo 0.2Ni 0.8O 2And LiMn 2O 4
Example
Example 1
The aluminum shot of weighing 6.34g in weighing pan, the iron thin slice of the silicon sheet of 12.10g and 6.56g (all be 99.9% or better purity) is put into arc furnace then.Under the situation that Ti pond (pool) oxygen getter exists, this mixture of fusing has composition Si with generation in Ar atmosphere 55Al 30Fe 15The crystal ingot of 25g, wherein all amounts are all used atomic percentage.
This crystal ingot is broken into and is the fragment less than the 15mm diameter.Put into this material of 10g in the quartz ampoule that in 0.035mil (0.89 μ m) diameter nozzle, finishes.In this pipe, also insert thin carbon sleeve, as radio-frequency (RF) coupler, with the fusing of beginning crystal ingot.This pipe is placed in the chamber above the melt-spun device of 200mm diameter copper wheel, so that the distance from the jet hole to the wheel surface is 10mm.This chamber is evacuated to 80mTorr then, and is inflated to 200Torr again with He.In radiofrequency field, melt this crystal ingot then.When melt reaches 1150 ℃, at 80Torr He excessive rolling, with the liquid jet of fusing on copper wheel, to quench this melt and form ribbon chips with the superficial velocity rotation of 35rn/ second.Collect the ribbon chips of about 9g.
In planetary grinding mill (planetary mill), in aqueous slurry, by this ribbon chips of ball mill grinding 1 hour, to form powder.Under 80 ℃, in baking oven air-dry after, by having the sieve screening of 53 microns, 32 microns and 20 micron pore size sizes, with powder classification.Fragment between 32 and 53 microns is selected, is used for further research.Use is equipped with the Siemens Model Kristalloflex 805D500 diffractometer of copper target x-ray tube and diffracted beam monochromator and collects its X-ray diffraction figure.Figure 1 illustrates this result.Crystallite dimension and the iron and the crystallite dimension that contains aluminium 415 dusts mutually of 494 dusts of elemental silicon phase is represented in the analysis of peak width.
Fig. 3 is scanning electron microscopy (SEM) picture of the powder of classification.As shown in Figure 3, the microstructure of powder is characteristics with the discrete district of elemental silicon, and the phase boundary in the zone with silicon-aluminium-iron ternary alloy three-partalloy is shared in the discrete district of elemental silicon.
The residue crystal ingot material that does not stand melt-spun is ground similarly, with the formation powder and by classification, and the X-ray diffraction figure of measuring the fragment between 32 and 53 microns.The crystallite dimension of 732 dusts of the crystallite dimension of 1243 dusts of elemental silicon and remaining set compound is represented in the analysis of peak width.Therefore, melt-spun causes forming the material with less significantly crystallite dimension.
In order to prepare the electrode that is used for the electrochemistry circulation, every kind of powder of suspension 0.8g in the N-of 1g N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-(NMP).Next, 6% solid suspended substance by the super P carbon (can be obtained Belgium by MMM) of the 3.6g in the NMP of 1: 1 weight and the polyvinylidene fluoride (Kynar461 can be obtained by Elf Atochem) is added to this powder suspension body.The suspended substance of the following stirring of high shear gained 5 minutes, be coated in then on 12mil (0.305mm) Copper Foil with otch bar, so that 80% activity, 10% polyvinylidene fluoride, 10% super P carbon coating to be provided.Dry in a vacuum this coating is 4 hours under 150 ℃, to form electrode.By it is combined with lithium metal anode, this electrode is used to constitute 2325 coins (coin) battery, and double-deck Cellgard 2400 is as dividing plate, and with the 1M LiPF in 1: 2 mixture of carbon ester ethene and diethyl carbonate 6As electrolyte.
For first circulation, under the 0.125mA constant current between 0.9V and the 0.025V, use the MACCOR cycle to count this battery of circulation, and for all additional cycles, this battery of circulation under the constant current of the 0.5mA between 0.9V and 0.050V or the 0.005V.Figure 2 illustrates this result.As shown in the drawing, the performance with melt-spun material (black triangle) of less crystal grain is better than the performance of non-melt-spun material (black diamonds).In addition, the strengthening the property of voltage that observe to surpass about 50mV.Particularly, when being recycled to 50mV (black triangle), melt-spun material demonstrates average coulomb of (coulombic) efficient of 99.3%.But when this material was recycled to 5mV (open squares), those values dropped to 98.2%.
The different capacitance curves of Fig. 4 comprise three curves.Curve (a) is illustrated in the result who obtains after the once circulation.Curve (b) is illustrated in the result who obtains after twice circulation.The result that curve (c) expression obtains when being restricted to 50mV when lithiumation (lithiation).This presentation of results is when lithiumation is restricted to about 50mV, and the amorphous silicon of melt-spun material keeps amorphous mutually.On the other hand, the value below 50mV causes the formation of crystalline silicon.
Fig. 5 relatively first circulation (trace (a)) before with 35 circulations (trace (b)) X-ray diffraction figures of anode afterwards.As shown in the figure, after 35 circulations, silicon is amorphous mutually, but the crystallite dimension of silicon-aluminium-iron phase remains unchanged basically.
Example 2
As preparation as described in the example 1, grind and the Si of classification melt-spun 55Al 30Fe 15Band.Fragment between 32 and 20 microns is isolated.Apply on June calendar year 2001 18 according to Krause people, the name be called " Electrode Compositions Having Improved Cycling Behavior; ", transfer the U.S.S.N.09/883 of the application's common assignee, 865 methods of describing are with the porous layer coating part fragment of Ag.Weight rises 10%.The particle of silver-coating is dispersed in the methyl ethyl ketone and by shaking further and reacted 8 hours with 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (aminopropyltrimethyoxysilane) (Aldrich Chemical) (powder of every 1g, 60mg silane).
The powder of handling is used to prepare electrode as described in Example 1, except adhesive is the fluorochemical elastomer that can be called FC-2179 by the name that obtains among the Dyneon LLC, carbon is outside the super S carbon, and final coating composition comprises 80% reactive powder, 14% carbon and 6% adhesive.Figure 6 illustrates cycle-index, introduce the performance of the half-cell of these electrodes according to capacity vs..As described in example 1, prepare this half-cell.As shown in Figure 6, this battery demonstrates excellent cycle performance.
Example 3
The aluminum shot of weighing 6.98g in weighing pan, the silicon sheet of 14.80g and the shot copper of 8.22g (all be 99.9% or better purity) are put into arc furnace then.In existing under the situation of Ti pond (pool) oxygen getter, this mixture of fusing has composition Si with generation in Ar atmosphere 57Al 28Cu 14The 30g crystal ingot, all amounts are all used atomic percentage.
This crystal ingot is broken into the fragment less than the 15mm diameter.Put into this material of 10g in the carbon pipe that in 0.030mil (0.76m) diameter nozzle, finishes.This pipe is placed in the chamber above the melt-spun device of 200mm diameter copper wheel, so that the distance from the jet hole to the wheel surface is 10mm.This chamber is evacuated to 80mTorr then, and is inflated to 200Torr again with He.In radiofrequency field, melt this crystal ingot then.When melt reaches 1200 ℃, 80Torr He excessive rolling with the liquid jet of fusing on copper wheel, to quench this melt and form ribbon chips with the rotation of the superficial velocity of 35m/sec.Collect the ribbon chips of about 9g.
Pulverize this ribbon chips by in mortar and pestle, milling.The screening of the sieve by having 53 microns, 32 microns and 20 micron pore size sizes is with this powder classification.Fragment between 32 and 53 microns is selected for further research.Use is equipped with the Siemens Model Kristalloflex 805D500 diffractometer of copper target x-ray tube and diffracted beam monochromator and collects its X-ray diffraction figure.This XRD figure shape illustrates only phase Si and Al 2The existence of Cu.The crystallite dimension and the Al of 395 dusts of elemental silicon phase represented in the analysis of peak width 2The crystallite dimension of 270 dusts of Cu phase.
This powder sample is made into coated electrode, introduces in the electrochemical cell, and circulation, as described in the powder sample in the example 1.For first circulation, by the constant current between 0.9V and the 0.05V (0.25mA) charging and discharge, carry out this circulation, for constant current charge and the discharge between all additional cycles 0.9V and 0.070, carry out this circulation.First discharge capacity that this battery has a 1680mAh/g with have different capacitance curves, only show after first circulation performance of amorphous silicon fully.
In order to confirm Al 2Cu is that electrochemistry is inactive mutually, and the aluminium of 9.18g and the copper of 10.82g (all be 99.9% or better purity) are placed in the arc furnace.Under the situation that Ti pond (pool) oxygen getter exists, this mixture of fusing has composition Al with generation in Ar atmosphere 2The 20g crystal ingot of Cu.Grind this ingot with mortar and pestle, and the sieve classification of the sieve by having 53 microns, 32 microns and 20 micron pore size sizes.Fragment between 32 and 53 microns is selected for further research.Collect its X-ray diffraction figure as mentioned above, corresponding to Al 2The Cu phase.
This powder sample is made into coated electrode, introduces in the electrochemical cell, and circulation as mentioned above.Carry out circulation by the constant current between 0.9V and the 0.005V (0.25mA) charging and discharge.This battery shows not from Al 2The capacitance of Cu phase confirms that it is that electrochemistry is inactive.
A large amount of embodiment of the present invention described above.Yet, be to be understood that under the condition that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention and can carry out various improvement.Thus, other embodiment are in the scope of following claim.

Claims (6)

1. an electrod composition that is used for lithium ion battery comprises the particle with the average particle size particle size in 1 μ m to 50 mu m range,
Described particle comprises that the electro-chemical activity of sharing at least one public phase boundary is mutually nonactive with electrochemistry mutually, described electro-chemical activity comprises elemental silicon mutually, and the nonactive at least two kinds of metallic elements that comprise mutually with the form of intermetallic compound, solid solution or its composition of described electrochemistry, described at least two kinds of metallic elements comprise aluminium and copper, nonactive silicon, aluminium and the iron of comprising mutually of perhaps described electrochemistry, wherein
(a) before charge/discharge cycle, each of described phase does not have the crystal grain greater than 1000 dusts, and
(b) be included in the lithium ion battery when described electrod composition, and by once fully during charge-discharge cycles, described electro-chemical activity is amorphous mutually.
2. according to the electrod composition of claim 1, wherein, when described at least two kinds of metallic elements comprise aluminium and copper, the nonactive silicon that also comprises mutually of described electrochemistry.
3. lithium ion battery comprises:
(a) anode, this anode comprise the particle with the average particle size particle size in 1 μ m to 50 mu m range,
Described particle comprises that the electro-chemical activity of sharing at least one public phase boundary is mutually nonactive with electrochemistry mutually, described electro-chemical activity comprises elemental silicon mutually, and the nonactive at least two kinds of metallic elements that comprise mutually with the form of intermetallic compound, solid solution or its composition of described electrochemistry, described at least two kinds of metallic elements comprise aluminium and copper, perhaps described electrochemistry is nonactive to comprise silicon and mutually as the aluminium and the iron of two kinds of metals in described at least two kinds of metallic elements, wherein
(i) before charge/discharge cycle, each of described phase does not have the crystal grain greater than 1000 dusts, and
(ii) be included in the lithium ion battery when described electrod composition, and by once fully during charge-discharge cycles, described electro-chemical activity is amorphous mutually;
(b) negative electrode; And
(c) electrolyte that anode and negative electrode are separated.
4. according to the electrod composition of claim 3, wherein, when described at least two kinds of metallic elements comprise aluminium and copper, the nonactive silicon that also comprises mutually of described electrochemistry.
5. method that is used to prepare the electrod composition that lithium ion battery uses comprises:
(a) in inert atmosphere, elemental silicon and the additional metal element of two or more are melted in together, to form crystal ingot;
(b) this crystal ingot of fusing in inert atmosphere is to form melt flow;
(c) this melt flow of quenching apace on the surface of runner is to form ribbon; And
(d) grind this ribbon, the particle that has the average particle size particle size in 1 μ m to 50 mu m range with formation,
Described particle comprises that the electro-chemical activity of sharing at least one public phase boundary is mutually nonactive with electrochemistry mutually, described electro-chemical activity comprises elemental silicon mutually, and the nonactive at least two kinds of metallic elements that comprise mutually with the form of intermetallic compound, solid solution or its composition of described electrochemistry, described at least two kinds of metallic elements comprise aluminium and copper, perhaps described electrochemistry is nonactive to comprise silicon and mutually as the aluminium and the iron of two kinds of metals in described at least two kinds of metallic elements, and
(e) electrod composition is integrated in the lithium ion battery and by at least one charge-discharge cycles this battery that circulates, wherein before charge/discharge cycle, each of described phase does not have the crystal grain greater than 1000 dusts, and when described electrod composition is included in the lithium ion battery, and by once fully during charge/discharge cycle, described electro-chemical activity is amorphous mutually.
6. according to the method for claim 5, wherein, when described at least two kinds of metallic elements comprise aluminium and copper, the nonactive silicon that also comprises mutually of described electrochemistry.
CNB2004800227965A 2003-08-08 2004-07-30 Heterogeneous, silicon-containing electrodes for lithium-ion batteries Expired - Fee Related CN100541877C (en)

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US10/637,412 US7498100B2 (en) 2003-08-08 2003-08-08 Multi-phase, silicon-containing electrode for a lithium-ion battery
US10/637,412 2003-08-08

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