CN100577367C

CN100577367C - Linear impact device

Info

Publication number: CN100577367C
Application number: CN200610117434A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴纯培
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-10-23
Filing date: 2006-10-23
Publication date: 2010-01-06
Anticipated expiration: 2026-10-23
Also published as: CN101168247A

Abstract

The invention discloses a linear impact device, which comprises a power system, an impact anvil, an impact piston, and a straight cylindrical cylinder for accommodating the impact piston, and is also provided with a lifting and disengaging mechanism connected with the power system and the impact piston and stored by compressed air. Energy or an accumulator that stores energy by compressing elastic elements; the accumulator and the impact anvil are located at both ends of the cylinder; during the impact return stroke, the power system provides power to the lifting and disengaging mechanism to drive the impact piston to move toward the accumulator and compress Gas or elastic elements store energy in the accumulator; when the impact stroke starts, the lifting and disengaging mechanism is disengaged from the impact piston. The invention works on the impact piston when the impact piston is in the impact return stroke, and stores the energy, and then transfers the stored energy to the impact piston during the impact stroke of the impact piston, so that the impact piston impacts the impact anvil, and the work process is stable and safe. The impact force is large, and the damage to the power system and various transmission components is small.

Description

Straight line shock device

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of percussion mechanism, percussion tool such as can be applicable to pneumatic pick, electric pick, pneumatic hammer, electric hammer, the mechanical, electrical rock drill of pneumatic chipping chisel rock, wind spanner, electric wrench and manually impact that reinforcement is pulled.

Background technology

The two articles collision could produce impact.In percussion tool, the driving link that is used to impact generally is called impact piston; And various title is arranged in various percussion tool by impulse member, as claiming to impact interfacing, drill bit, chisel etc. can be generally called the impact anvil by impulse member.The motion of impact piston before impact is called impact stroke, and the motion of impact piston after impact is called the impact backhaul.

The driving link impact piston that impacts must obtain energy, and generation speed could be impacted, and the energy that it obtains the more impacts preceding instantaneous velocity more greatly, and then the impulsive force of Chan Shenging is bigger.For an impact piston of having determined size and stroke, make it obtain big as far as possible impulsive force, the way that prior art adopts is to make impact piston obtain big as far as possible acceleration and travel forward; For reaching this purpose, present percussion tool, no matter its dynamical system be electrical actuation power or compressed air, all be impact piston acting in impact stroke, make it produce acceleration to increase the instantaneous velocity before impacting; Simultaneously, reverse in order to impact the back to impact piston, or, also to before impact piston impacts, give an opposite force (or air cushion) in order not damage the impactor power section, in addition, impact backhaul and also must consume some merits.Existing so various percussion tools are to obtain bigger impulsive force, just have to strengthen power to percussion tool by dynamical system.

The typical structure of percussion mechanism is in the prior art, in the cylinder of straight barrel shape, impact piston is set, impact piston can move up and down in cylinder, one end of cylinder is provided with the impact anvil, the other end is exerted pressure or power is provided to impact piston by dynamical system, in impact stroke, move and the formation of impact anvil is impacted towards impacting by the anvil direction under dynamical system promotes for impact piston.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of straight line shock device, impact piston acting when impact piston is in the impact backhaul, and energy stored, when the impact piston impact stroke, stored energy is passed to impact piston then, impact piston impact anvil is produced impact.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, straight line shock device of the present invention, remove the cylinder that comprises dynamical system, impacts the straight barrel shape of anvil, impact piston and ccontaining impact piston, also be provided with lifting releasing mechanism that is connected with impact piston with dynamical system and the accumulator that passes through the compressed air storage power; Accumulator and impact anvil lay respectively at the two ends of cylinder; In impacting backhaul, dynamical system provides power to drive impact piston gas storage energy in motion of accumulator direction and compressed energy-storage device to promoting releasing mechanism; When impact stroke begins, promote releasing mechanism and impact piston and break away from.

The present invention raises up impact piston by the power of lifting releasing mechanism by dynamical system in impacting backhaul, make impact piston compressed energy-storage device, and then make the accumulator energy storage, then when decontroling impact piston, accumulator moment is passed to impact piston with stored energy, and impact piston moves under the effect of accumulator stored energy and the impact anvil produces and impacts.Main feature of the present invention is that impact piston is all supplied with by accumulator fast at impact stroke institute energy requirement, and dynamical system just provides energy with the mode of mentioning impact piston to accumulator by promoting releasing mechanism when impacting backhaul.

As a kind of improvement of the present invention, movingly, accumulator comprises air reservoir between impact piston and the cylinder, the seal cavity of inflation body in this air reservoir and cylinder and impact piston surround; Cylinder is provided with the through hole that is communicated with atmosphere near an end that impacts anvil.

Accumulator also be communicated with one can to the air compensating system of described seal cavity make-up gas and can be with described seal cavity in the gas gas extraction system of discharging.

Promoting releasing mechanism comprises gear shaft, is socketed in the gear on the gear shaft, only be provided with gear teeth on the gear at a sector region, promote the releasing mechanism supporting and be arranged in the accumulator, be connected with described dynamical system by gear shaft, gear shaft can rotate under the effect of dynamical system; Impact piston is a tooth bar near an end of described accumulator, and the zone that rack and pinion is provided with gear teeth is meshed.

Adopt said gear to promote the scheme of impact piston Compressed Gas energy storage, gear promotes impact piston the gaseous storage energy that compresses in the air reservoir by tooth bar, when impact piston rises to certain altitude and after gear turns to the position that gear teeth is not set, impact piston enters impact stroke, obtains speed impact anvil under the effect of the Compressed Gas in air reservoir and forms impact; Because of gear teeth only is set in sector region on the gear,, tooth bar and impact piston are periodically promoted, thereby impact piston periodically impact backhaul and impact stroke along with gear rotates.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation that one embodiment of the invention is applied to electricity (wind) pick, wherein adopts crank throw to promote the structure that releasing mechanism promotes the energy storage of impact piston compression elastic element;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation that another embodiment of the present invention is applied to electricity (wind) pick, wherein adopts gear to promote the structure that releasing mechanism promotes the energy storage of impact piston Compressed Gas;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation that another embodiment of the present invention is applied to mechanical wrench, adopts tightrope to promote the structure that releasing mechanism promotes the energy storage of impact piston Compressed Gas, wherein the disengaging by pin control tightrope dish and lift shaft with contact;

Fig. 4 is the motion process schematic diagram of crank cotter pin and impact piston in the structure shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 5 is an A direction view in the structure shown in Figure 3;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation that another embodiment of the present invention is applied to mechanical wrench, adopts tightrope to promote the structure that releasing mechanism promotes the energy storage of impact piston Compressed Gas, wherein the disengaging of pulling a last sector gear by pin control lift shaft gear and hand with contact;

Fig. 7 is in the structure shown in Figure 6, and hand is pulled a last sector gear and lift shaft gear meshing schematic diagram.

The specific embodiment

The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Shown in Figure 1 is the structural representation that one embodiment of the invention is applied to electricity (wind) pick.Wherein, promote releasing mechanism and form by the bent axle 11 that is connected with dynamical system and can rotates under the dynamical system effect with the crank cotter pin 6 that bent axle 11 is fixed, have groove 406 on the axial and circumferential of impact piston 4, this groove 406 is L shaped; Crank cotter pin 6 embeds in the grooves 406, and the part that embeds groove 406 is made into bar-shaped, and its cross section is arc or is the shape with the remainder behind circular excision one arcuate section, as shown in Figure 4.Accumulator comprises flexible member 10 and gland 8, gland 8 and impact piston 4 lay respectively at flexible member 10 two ends, gland 8 and cylinder 3 regulating element 9 by can regulating distance between gland 8 and the cylinder 3 is connected with cylinder and holds out against, flexible member 10 has been selected spring for use among Fig. 1, and regulating element 9 has been selected screw for use.In the present embodiment, impacting anvil 1 is the top of chisel (or hammer drill) in fact; Fig. 4 promotes the procedure chart that releasing mechanism promotes impact piston and impact piston compression spring for crank throw.

Course of action embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 is described below.Power set (not drawing among the figure) directly drive bent axle 11, crank cotter pin 6 is rotated around bent axle 11, crank cotter pin 6 moves in the respective groove of impact piston 4 through cylinder 3 breach 12, guarantee that for making crank cotter pin 6 be pushed into after top dead center to impact piston 4 impact piston 4 dropping process are smooth and easy, the part that crank cotter pin 6 is embedded in impact piston 4 grooves 406 is made into the arc or circular remaining shape of an arcuate section that cuts, shown in shade part among Fig. 4.The motion process of crank cotter pin 6 and impact piston 4 can be referring to Fig. 4, and a～e is the front elevation of impact piston 4 among Fig. 4, and g is the right view of impact piston 4, and f is the left view of impact piston 4.In a position, impact piston 4 contact the position with impacting anvil 1, and flexible member 10 is in its pre-compressed state, and crank cotter pin 6 begins upwards lifting of impact piston 4 in bottom dead centre has entered the groove 406 of impact piston 4; Crank cotter pin 6 turns to the b position forward, and at this moment impact piston 4 has been lifted from impact anvil 1, and flexible member 10 has been subjected to certain compression; Crank cotter pin 6 continues to turn to the c position forward, and at this moment impact piston 4 has been mentioned the extreme higher position, and flexible member 10 has been subjected to maximum compression; Crank cotter pin 6 turns to the d position more forward, and at this moment impact piston 4 is about to break away from crank cotter pin 6; Crank cotter pin 6 needs only from the d position and rotates slightly forward promptly to the e position, at this moment impact piston 4 will rush under the effect of flexible member 10 and impact anvil 1 generation impact, impact piston 4 and flexible member 10 are got back to the state of a position simultaneously, treat that crank cotter pin 6 continues to turn to a position forward and begins second circulation.In the structure shown in Figure 1, at impact piston 4 and impact be provided with between the anvil 1 spring 2 and cushion block 14 can impact piston 4 with impact anvil 1 and produce and cushioned after impact contacts; Guider screw 5 is fixed on the cylinder 3, embeds the gathering sill 7 of the setting on the impact piston 4, is impact piston 4 guiding that moves up and down in cylinder 3; The elastic force that can regulate flexible member 10 by regulating element 9 can be regulated the size of impulsive force; Produce the resistance of calming the anger when impact piston 4 is moved downward and have a plurality of open to atmosphere through holes 13 in the lower end of cylinder 3.Impact anvil 1 among Fig. 1 and be universal architecture of the prior art with being connected of chisel, drill bit, this seldom states.

Shown in Figure 2 is the structural representation that another embodiment of the present invention is applied to electricity (wind) pick, and wherein except that accumulator was different with structure shown in Figure 1 with the lifting releasing mechanism, all the other were all identical with structure shown in Figure 1.Among Fig. 2, accumulator comprises the air reservoir 17 that is fixedly connected on cylinder 3 upper ends, and impact piston 4 seals movingly and with " O " type circle 15 with cylinder 3, the seal cavity of inflation body in air reservoir 17, impact piston 4 surround with cylinder 3; Impact piston 4 is near the tooth bar 23 of the end setting of accumulator, the gear shaft 18 that is connected and can under the dynamical system effect, rotates with dynamical system, and the gear 19 that is socketed on the gear shaft 18 promotes releasing mechanisms common the composition, promotes the releasing mechanism supporting and is arranged in the accumulator; Gear 19 only is provided with gear teeth at a sector region, and tooth bar 23 is meshed with gear 19, disturbs for preventing engagement, second tooth of tooth bar 23 can be removed.

The course of action that promotes releasing mechanism among Fig. 2 is described below.Dynamical system (not drawing among the figure) directly driven gear axle 18 is rotated gear 19, piston 4 is promoted and compression air reservoir 17 interior gas energy storages by tooth bar 23, go to the part that gear teeth is not set when gear 19, tooth bar 23 on the piston 4 no longer is subjected to gear 19 constraints and breaks away from gear 19, and at this moment piston 4 and tooth bar 23 impact to impacting anvil 1 direction motion generation under the compression pressure in air reservoir 17; Impact back piston 4 and be in bottom dead centre, at this moment gear 19 turns over tooth bar 23 and piston 4 liftings is entered next circulation.

Gas in the accumulator has small leakage when work, rotate because gear shaft 18 need pass the wall of air reservoir 17, and impact piston 4 reciprocating motion cylinder 3 in can make gas leakage in the accumulator always.For guaranteeing that the gas pressure in the air reservoir 17 can keep certain level, in the structure shown in Figure 2, air reservoir 17, impact piston 4 and the seal cavity that cylinder 3 is surrounded also are communicated with one can give the air compensating system of its make-up gas.Be connected voltage stabilizing air chamber 22 from air reservoir 17 with the check-valves 100 that can prevent gas backstreaming through last pipeline 20, following pipeline 21, voltage stabilizing air chamber 22 is by micro air pump 200 air feed that are located in the voltage stabilizing air chamber 22, and the voltage stabilizing air chamber is then to air reservoir 17 air feed; Air pressure in the voltage stabilizing air chamber 22 can be regulated by being located at inner pressure-reducing valve (not drawing among the figure); Voltage stabilizing air chamber 22 also can be by artificial inflator air feed, and does not need micro air pump 200; If use the gas motor as dynamical system, even do not need voltage stabilizing air chamber 22 and micro air pump 200, only needing that source of the gas is inserted check-valves 100 imports by pressure-reducing valve can be to air reservoir 17 air feed.In addition, can also connect a gas extraction system 300 to air reservoir, when initial gas pressure in the accumulator (being the air pressure of impact piston during) during greater than voltage stabilizing air chamber 22 internal pressures at bottom dead centre, can shut then by the gas extraction system 300 suitable venting that are located on the air reservoir 17, to keep the accumulator internal gas pressure at once at a proper level; This gas extraction system is for knowing in the industry, and is not superfluous.

Fig. 3 is the embodiment that the present invention is used for mechanical wrench, wherein, the accumulator structure is with embodiment illustrated in fig. 2 identical, promote the releasing mechanism supporting and be arranged in the accumulator, comprise the lift shaft 54 that is connected with dynamical system and can under the dynamical system effect, rotates, with the tightrope dish 47 and the tightrope 48 of lift shaft 54 interlocks; Lift shaft 54 is loaded on the fore bearing 44 and rear bearing 45 that is fixed on the air reservoir 17; Tightrope 48 1 ends are fixed on the impact piston 4, and the edge that the other end is fixed on tightrope dish 47 can supply on the groove 52 of tightrope 48 coilings.Tightrope dish 47 can link by following structure and lift shaft 54: tightrope dish 47 is socketed on the lift shaft 54, comprises pin 50 between tightrope dish 47 inner wall grooves and the lift shaft 54; Pin 50 can be made into the form of T-shaped pin, and pin 50 1 end in contact tightrope dishes 47 inside grooves, the other end embed in the lift shaft 54, and its termination contacts with lift shaft 54 by elastic component 49, and elastic component 49 is selected spring for use among Fig. 3; Near the cam bit 51 that is fixed on air reservoir 17 walls is set on the rotary path of tightrope dish 47 1 end terminations, when cam bit 51 contacted with pin 50, pin 50 disengaged with tightrope dish 47 inside grooves at pin 50.Near an end that impacts anvil 1, stay cord 36 and extension spring 38 are set; Stay cord 36 1 ends are fixed on the spanner 35, and the other end is fixed on the cylinder 3; Extension spring 38 1 ends are fixed on the projection 39 of spanner 35, and the other end is fixed on the cylinder projection 40 of cylinder 3, so that cylinder 3 is pressed on the end handle of spanner 35 by impacting anvil 1.

Action to the lifting releasing mechanism in embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 is described below.Dynamical system (not drawing among the figure) directly drives lift shaft 54; The joint of tightrope dish 47 and lift shaft 54 and disengaging are by being installed in pin 50 controls in the lift shaft 54; When pin 50 is released by elastic component 49, the joint of tightrope dish 47 and lift shaft 54; Pin 50 is fixed on cam bit 51 on the air reservoir 17 when pushing back, and tightrope dish 47 and lift shaft 54 break away from, as shown in Figure 5.When cam bit 51 did not push back pin 50, elastic component 49 was released pin 50, and tightrope dish 47 and lift shaft 54 are engaged, lift shaft 54 rotate drive tightrope dishes 47 rotate impact piston 4 mentioned and the compressed energy-storage device in gas; When lift shaft 54 forwards to when making cam bit 51 push back pin 50 in the lift shaft 54, impact piston 4 has been thus lifted to the position of close accumulator, tightrope dish 47 and lift shaft 54 break away from, move and impact anvil 1 produces impact to impacting by anvil 1 direction under the accumulator inner air pressure for impact piston 4, and tightrope dish 47 is in the drive turning down of tightrope 48; When lift shaft 54 was rotated further, pin 50 broke away from cam bit 51, and pin 50 makes the joint of tightrope dish 47 and lift shaft 54 under the effect of elastic component 49, and tightrope dish 47 is mentioned impact piston 4 again, thereby entered next circulation.

In embodiment illustrated in fig. 3, the stroke of impact piston 4 is less than or equal to 3/4 of 47 garden weeks of tightrope dish as far as possible.Produce the resistance of calming the anger when preventing impact piston 4 impact strokes, have the through hole 13 that communicates with atmosphere near ends that impact anvils 1 at cylinder 3.

Fig. 6 and embodiment illustrated in fig. 7ly give appropriate change and obtain with embodiment illustrated in fig. 3, except that promote releasing mechanism different, remainder describes below structure embodiment illustrated in fig. 6 and action with embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 identical.

In the mechanism shown in Figure 6, tightrope dish 47 is fixed on the lift shaft 54, and the support of lift shaft 54 is arranged in the air reservoir 17 in rotating mode, and lift shaft 54 1 ends are provided with lift shaft gear 59; Hand is pulled axle 60 and is supported in rotating mode and to be arranged in the air reservoir 17, and sector gear 63 is enclosed within hand rotationally and pulls on the axle 60; Sector gear 63 is pulled engaging and disengaging of axle 60 with hand, pulls the advance and retreat control of axle 60 inner peg 50 by hand is installed; The advance and retreat of pin 50 are by elastic component 49 and be fixed on cam bit 51 control on the air reservoir 17; Cam bit 51 is fixed on the air reservoir 17 by the crescent on screw and the air reservoir 17, but unclamp screw then cam bit 51 edge crescents move the purpose that reaches the stroke length of regulating impact piston 4 with the position of adjusting compression pin 50; But hand is pulled the square toes 69 that axle 60 two ends are provided with the socket tommy bar; The installation of tightrope 48 and embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 same.

The impact piston 4 of mechanism shown in Figure 6 is in impacting backhaul, and cam bit 51 is not pushed down pin 50, and pin 50 is released under elastic component 49 effects, makes sector gear 63 and hand pull axle 60 and engages; Pull hand with manual tommy bar by square toes 69 and pull axle 60 rotations, hand is pulled axle 60 and is driven sector gears 63 by pin 50, and sector gear 63 rotates by lift shaft gear 59 drive lift shaft 54; Lift shaft 54 is mentioned impact piston 4 by tightrope dish 47 and tightrope 48 and gas in the air reservoir 17 is compressed; When impact piston 4 promoted to a certain degree, gas also reached certain pressure in the air reservoir 17, and cam bit 51 pushes back pin 50, and sector gear 63 is pulled axle 60 with hand and broken away from, and impact piston 4 produces under the gas pressure effect in air reservoir 17 and impacts; Sector gear 63 is got back to initial position then, with hand manual tommy bar is pushed back to make sector gear 63 and hand pull axle 60 to engage, begin next circulation.

Promote releasing mechanism among the present invention and can also adopt multiple other forms, promote as adopting lever, ratchet lifting etc., main points are to promote impact piston and make the accumulator stored energy impacting backhaul, when impact stroke begins with the impact piston disengaging.

As mentioned above, accumulator has air energy storage and the interior two kinds of forms of flexible member energy storage of compressed energy-storage device in the compressed energy-storage device among the present invention; Dynamical system of the present invention can be electric notor and decelerator or gas motor and decelerator thereof, if be applied to require impulsive force big and the impact frequency does not have the occasion of much requirements, as the impact reinforcement that is used for the dismounting nut pulls, and also available hand is pulled the power of making to promote impact piston; The effect of the lifting releasing mechanism described in the present invention is by the power of dynamical system impact piston to be raised up when impacting backhaul, and makes impact piston compressed energy-storage device make the accumulator energy storage, breaks away from suddenly to produce then and impacts; Promote releasing mechanism multiple pattern can be arranged: shown in Fig. 1 is that crank throw promotes releasing mechanism, and shown in Fig. 2 is that gear promotes releasing mechanism, Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 6 be that tightrope promotes releasing mechanism; Also can adopt other common levers lifting releasing mechanisms, pulley lifting releasing mechanism, ratchet lifting releasing mechanism etc. in the known technology, not describe in detail one by one.

The present invention can be applicable to multiple straight line shock instrument.In addition, the instrument that has is except that straight line shock, also with revolute function, what have revolute function in the title percussion tool in the prior art is " rotary impact tool ", as percussion drill and rock drill, the present invention also can be applicable to make rotary impact tool, and its revolution partly can be adopted prior art, its meaning is very bright, and this seldom states.

Straight line shock device provided by the present invention, only acting compressed energy-storage device energy storage in impacting backhaul of dynamical system, the mode that it does work in impact stroke in the present technology, acting process stabilization safety, little to dynamical system and the damage of various drive disk assembly, main is that its consumption of power is littler than prior art, and the impulsive force that is provided is much bigger; Shortcoming is that its frequency of impact is lower than prior art, this also shortcoming not necessarily in some percussion tool.

Claims

1, a kind of straight line shock device comprises dynamical system, impacts the cylinder (3) of the straight barrel shape of anvil (1), impact piston (4) and ccontaining impact piston (4), it is characterized in that, comprises promoting releasing mechanism and accumulator; Promoting releasing mechanism is connected with dynamical system and impact piston (4); Accumulator and impact anvil (1) lay respectively at the two ends of cylinder (3), and accumulator is by the Compressed Gas storage power;

Described lifting releasing mechanism comprises tumbler, power transmission part; Tumbler is connected with dynamical system and can rotates under the dynamical system effect, and tumbler is connected with impact piston (4) by power transmission part;

Described lifting releasing mechanism supporting is arranged in the accumulator, and described tumbler is gear shaft (18), and described power transmission part is gear (19); Gear (19) is socketed on the gear shaft (18), and gear (19) only is provided with gear teeth at a sector region; Described impact piston (4) is tooth bar (23) near an end of described accumulator, and tooth bar (23) is meshed with gear (19);

In impacting backhaul, dynamical system provides power to drive impact piston (4) gas in motion of accumulator direction and compressed energy-storage device to promoting releasing mechanism; When impact stroke begins, promote releasing mechanism and impact piston (4) and break away from.

2, straight line shock device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described accumulator comprises air reservoir (17), the seal cavity of inflation body in this air reservoir (17), described cylinder (3) and described impact piston (4) surround; Impact piston (4) and cylinder (3) are movingly; Cylinder (3) is provided with the through hole (13) that is communicated with atmosphere near an end that impacts anvil (1).

3, straight line shock device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described accumulator also be communicated with one can to the air compensating system of described seal cavity make-up gas and can be with described seal cavity in the gas gas extraction system of discharging.