CN101005844A - 具有parp和sir调节活性的作为炎症性疾病治疗剂的毒蕈碱拮抗剂 - Google Patents
具有parp和sir调节活性的作为炎症性疾病治疗剂的毒蕈碱拮抗剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101005844A CN101005844A CN 200580027832 CN200580027832A CN101005844A CN 101005844 A CN101005844 A CN 101005844A CN 200580027832 CN200580027832 CN 200580027832 CN 200580027832 A CN200580027832 A CN 200580027832A CN 101005844 A CN101005844 A CN 101005844A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- halo
- purposes
- inflammation
- parp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920000776 Poly(Adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 89
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title description 53
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 title description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 229940121948 Muscarinic receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003149 muscarinic antagonist Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 229960004633 pirenzepine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- RMHMFHUVIITRHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pirenzepine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CC(=O)N1C2=NC=CC=C2NC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C21 RMHMFHUVIITRHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 201000003883 Cystic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 206010069351 acute lung injury Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 206010001052 Acute respiratory distress syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 208000013616 Respiratory Distress Syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 206010039085 Rhinitis allergic Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 201000000028 adult respiratory distress syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 201000010105 allergic rhinitis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- MIRBIZDDMSFTKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,11-dihydropyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one Chemical compound O=C1NC2=CC=CN=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 MIRBIZDDMSFTKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 101000654471 Mus musculus NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012661 PARP inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940121906 Poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- CKMXBZGNNVIXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CKMXBZGNNVIXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052567 struvite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 13
- 208000019693 Lung disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 206010040047 Sepsis Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010079245 Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000013223 septicemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- NQDJXKOVJZTUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nevirapine Chemical compound C12=NC=CC=C2C(=O)NC=2C(C)=CC=NC=2N1C1CC1 NQDJXKOVJZTUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010572 single replacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000022873 Ocular disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000023275 Autoimmune disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000689 nevirapine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000000596 systemic lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- VSWPGAIWKHPTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-10-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-oxoethyl]-5H-thieno[3,4-b][1,5]benzodiazepin-4-one Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CC(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2NC(=O)C2=CSC(C)=C21 VSWPGAIWKHPTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UBRKDAVQCKZSPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-[2-[2-(diethylaminomethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1-oxoethyl]-5H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC1CCCCN1CC(=O)N1C2=NC=CC=C2NC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C21 UBRKDAVQCKZSPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BCUGCHZRMKTPMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-[2-[4-[4-(diethylamino)butyl]-1-piperidinyl]-1-oxoethyl]-5H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one Chemical compound C1CC(CCCCN(CC)CC)CCN1CC(=O)N1C2=NC=CC=C2NC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C21 BCUGCHZRMKTPMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NWABYTQGWGJUFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-[2-[4-[4-[bis(2-methylpropyl)amino]butyl]phenyl]acetyl]-5h-benzo[b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCN(CC(C)C)CC(C)C)=CC=C1CC(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)NC2=CC=CC=C21 NWABYTQGWGJUFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100439663 Arabidopsis thaliana CHR7 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- LUPAFPUKESJDMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-[1-[2-(8-chloro-6-oxo-5h-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-11-yl)-2-oxoethyl]piperidin-4-yl]propyl]-n-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpentanamide Chemical compound C1CC(CCCN(CC)C(=O)C(C)(C)CCC)CCN1CC(=O)N1C2=NC=CC=C2NC(=O)C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C21 LUPAFPUKESJDMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950011198 otenzepad Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950004351 telenzepine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000012605 Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Human genes 0.000 claims 4
- 208000019802 Sexually transmitted disease Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 208000027753 pain disease Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 102000012338 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases Human genes 0.000 abstract description 83
- 108010061844 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases Proteins 0.000 abstract description 83
- 230000000324 neuroprotective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- UQOFGTXDASPNLL-XHNCKOQMSA-N Muscarine Chemical compound C[C@@H]1O[C@H](C[N+](C)(C)C)C[C@H]1O UQOFGTXDASPNLL-XHNCKOQMSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 102000014415 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Human genes 0.000 abstract description 4
- 108050003473 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Proteins 0.000 abstract description 4
- KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N olanzapine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=C(C)S2 KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229960005017 olanzapine Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- 206010035653 pneumoconiosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000005069 pulmonary fibrosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- BGYAATPHYRJYHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-benzo[h]phthalazin-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3C(=O)NN=CC3=CC=C21 BGYAATPHYRJYHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 201000009594 Systemic Scleroderma Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 206010042953 Systemic sclerosis Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- IJAPPYDYQCXOEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazin-1(2H)-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NN=CC2=C1 IJAPPYDYQCXOEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 64
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 34
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 32
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 24
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 15
- PXFBZOLANLWPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-Epiaffinine Natural products C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2N2)=C2C(=O)CC2C(=CC)CN(C)C1C2CO PXFBZOLANLWPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 208000028867 ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 14
- -1 alkali metal cation Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920006008 lipopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 102100023712 Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 210000001175 cerebrospinal fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 230000001120 cytoprotective effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 108010064218 Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 101150071146 COX2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 101100114534 Caenorhabditis elegans ctc-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 9
- 101150000187 PTGS2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 230000008499 blood brain barrier function Effects 0.000 description 9
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000287 crude extract Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 210000001671 embryonic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102100029438 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 101710089543 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 208000030886 Traumatic Brain injury Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 201000000980 schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009529 traumatic brain injury Effects 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102000014413 Neuregulin Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108050003475 Neuregulin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229960004170 clozapine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- QZUDBNBUXVUHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N clozapine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=NC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 QZUDBNBUXVUHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000016273 neuron death Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102100023419 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 102000004868 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090001041 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001964 calcium overload Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012744 immunostaining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 4
- PWJFNRJRHXWEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ADP ribose Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O)C(O)C1O PWJFNRJRHXWEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005730 ADP ribosylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000013455 Amyloid beta-Peptides Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010090849 Amyloid beta-Peptides Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000001301 EGF receptor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108060006698 EGF receptor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229920002971 Heparan sulfate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241001062009 Indigofera Species 0.000 description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010035664 Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108091026813 Poly(ADPribose) Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010037211 Psychomotor hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 3
- DZHSAHHDTRWUTF-SIQRNXPUSA-N amyloid-beta polypeptide 42 Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)C(C)C)C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DZHSAHHDTRWUTF-SIQRNXPUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002218 hypoglycaemic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000001491 myopia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000004379 myopia Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229940126701 oral medication Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005731 poly ADP ribosylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108010051423 streptavidin-agarose Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- JHGFYOXAUPXDGA-LREBCSMRSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;5-(2-ethyltetrazol-5-yl)-1-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2h-pyridine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.CCN1N=NC(C=2CN(C)CCC=2)=N1 JHGFYOXAUPXDGA-LREBCSMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHYMGSPDEVXULU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzodiazepin-3-one Chemical compound N1=NC(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C21 ZHYMGSPDEVXULU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAPSNMNOIOSXSQ-YNEHKIRRSA-N 1-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1 QAPSNMNOIOSXSQ-YNEHKIRRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRXMUCSWCMTJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(Cl)=C2C(OP(O)(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 QRXMUCSWCMTJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRNWOUGRCWSEMX-KEOHHSTQSA-N ADP-beta-D-ribose Chemical compound C([C@H]1O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1O)O)N1C=2N=CN=C(C=2N=C1)N)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O SRNWOUGRCWSEMX-KEOHHSTQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108700028369 Alleles Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 101710137189 Amyloid-beta A4 protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101710151993 Amyloid-beta precursor protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100022704 Amyloid-beta precursor protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100036597 Basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- LERNTVKEWCAPOY-VOGVJGKGSA-N C[N+]1(C)[C@H]2C[C@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)C(O)(c1cccs1)c1cccs1 Chemical compound C[N+]1(C)[C@H]2C[C@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)C(O)(c1cccs1)c1cccs1 LERNTVKEWCAPOY-VOGVJGKGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000244203 Caenorhabditis elegans Species 0.000 description 2
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Chinese gallotannin Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010008674 Cholinergic syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000000094 Chronic Pain Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000005778 DNA damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000277 DNA damage Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000010412 Glaucoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000018899 Glutamate Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010027915 Glutamate Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000353 Histone deacetylase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000003964 Histone deacetylase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000013016 Hypoglycemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010022998 Irritability Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010053229 Lysyl endopeptidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940126083 M3 antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 206010025421 Macule Diseases 0.000 description 2
- HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100031455 NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000036110 Neuroinflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000016611 Proteoglycans Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010067787 Proteoglycans Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 2
- AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000287055 Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CCC=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010039424 Salivary hypersecretion Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010041191 Sirtuin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000021386 Sjogren Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000011341 adult acute respiratory distress syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000001261 affinity purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001640 apoptogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940124630 bronchodilator Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005779 cell damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000037887 cell injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- UKWLRLAKGMZXJC-QIECWBMSSA-L disodium;[4-chloro-3-[(3r,5s)-1-chloro-3'-methoxyspiro[adamantane-4,4'-dioxetane]-3'-yl]phenyl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1OC2([C@@H]3CC4C[C@H]2CC(Cl)(C4)C3)C1(OC)C1=CC(OP([O-])([O-])=O)=CC=C1Cl UKWLRLAKGMZXJC-QIECWBMSSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 208000000718 duodenal ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000001951 dura mater Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001378 electrochemiluminescence detection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003209 gene knockout Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001320 hippocampus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004968 inflammatory condition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-INTXDZFKSA-N mevastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=CCC[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-INTXDZFKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950009116 mevastatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BOZILQFLQYBIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mevastatin hydroxy acid Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CCC=C21 BOZILQFLQYBIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003551 muscarinic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000041 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036285 pathological change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000915 pathological change Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007310 pathophysiology Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- RZFVLEJOHSLEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthridone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=NC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 RZFVLEJOHSLEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012113 quantitative test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000257 tiotropium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- YZOUYRAONFXZSI-SBHWVFSVSA-N (1S,3R,5R,6R,8R,10R,11R,13R,15R,16R,18R,20R,21R,23R,25R,26R,28R,30R,31S,33R,35R,36R,37S,38R,39S,40R,41S,42R,43S,44R,45S,46R,47S,48R,49S)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-37,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-dodecamethoxy-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,38-diol Chemical compound O([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1OC)OC)O[C@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3O)OC)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3OC)OC)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3OC)OC)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3OC)OC)O3)O[C@@H]2CO)OC)[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@H]3[C@@H](CO)O1 YZOUYRAONFXZSI-SBHWVFSVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZBNPOJDAAXGEV-QRPNPIFTSA-N (2s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid;phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O.OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DZBNPOJDAAXGEV-QRPNPIFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MGRVRXRGTBOSHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound NCP(O)(O)=O MGRVRXRGTBOSHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-1,2-benzodiazepine Chemical compound N1N=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-FUDHJZNOSA-N 2,3,3-trideuterioprop-2-enamide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])=C([2H])C(N)=O HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-FUDHJZNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSWICNJIUPRZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-piperideine Chemical compound C1CNC=CC1 VSWICNJIUPRZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMCMPZBLKLEWAF-BCTGSCMUSA-N 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 UMCMPZBLKLEWAF-BCTGSCMUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJYUNRDQEQBDCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran Chemical compound C1=CCOC2=C1SC=C2 HJYUNRDQEQBDCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNZSSCZJMVIOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane Chemical compound C1CC2CCC1N2 SNZSSCZJMVIOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HTAGIZQYGRLQQX-AUUYWEPGSA-N Amurine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=3OCOC=3C=C2[C@]23C=C(OC)C(=O)C=C3[C@@H]1N(C)CC2 HTAGIZQYGRLQQX-AUUYWEPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010002198 Anaphylactic reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010002660 Anoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000976983 Anoxia Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010060159 Apolipoprotein E4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100377807 Arabidopsis thaliana ABCI1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000020925 Bipolar disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010007558 Cardiac failure chronic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057248 Cell death Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002160 Celluloid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010008190 Cerebrovascular accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 208000028698 Cognitive impairment Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010037462 Cyclooxygenase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000033616 DNA repair Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101100365814 Danio rerio sirt2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010012689 Diabetic retinopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000206602 Eukaryota Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930183931 Filipin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000027484 GABAA receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091008681 GABAA receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700039691 Genetic Promoter Regions Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031448 Genomic Instability Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031886 HIV Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010033040 Histones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001113483 Homo sapiens Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000735456 Homo sapiens Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000009794 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001562081 Ikeda Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061216 Infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090000978 Interleukin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000006541 Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010008812 Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VLSMHEGGTFMBBZ-OOZYFLPDSA-M Kainate Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@H]1C[NH2+][C@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1CC([O-])=O VLSMHEGGTFMBBZ-OOZYFLPDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VBOQYPQEPHKASR-VKHMYHEASA-N L-homocysteic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCS(O)(=O)=O VBOQYPQEPHKASR-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L L-tartrate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 102000003960 Ligases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000364 Ligases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000019695 Migraine disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008109 Mixed Function Oxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010074633 Mixed Function Oxygenases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000686985 Mouse mammary tumor virus (strain C3H) Protein PR73 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710188518 NAD-dependent protein deacetylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010057466 NF-kappa B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003945 NF-kappa B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010028851 Necrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010029240 Neuritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000019315 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050006807 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007999 Nuclear Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010089610 Nuclear Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061876 Obstruction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061323 Optic neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000016979 Other receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150101566 Parp gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000037273 Pathologic Processes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710179684 Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940127397 Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100038280 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000003923 Protein Kinase C Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000315 Protein Kinase C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940096437 Protein S Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010066124 Protein S Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100034935 Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010026552 Proteome Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000028017 Psychotic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007014 Retinitis pigmentosa Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002684 Sepharose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000008630 Sialorrhea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108050002485 Sirtuin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000011990 Sirtuin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000013200 Stress disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 108090000054 Syndecan-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000053227 Themus Species 0.000 description 1
- DQHNAVOVODVIMG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tiotropium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1C(C2C3O2)[N+](C)(C)C3CC1OC(=O)C(O)(C=1SC=CC=1)C1=CC=CS1 DQHNAVOVODVIMG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101710183280 Topoisomerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- GLNADSQYFUSGOU-GPTZEZBUSA-J Trypan blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(/N=N/C3=CC=C(C=C3C)C=3C=C(C(=CC=3)\N=N\C=3C(=CC4=CC(=CC(N)=C4C=3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)=C(O)C2=C1N GLNADSQYFUSGOU-GPTZEZBUSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 102100028885 Vitamin K-dependent protein S Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WPUKUEMZZRVAKZ-NFBKMPQASA-N [(1r,3r)-1-ethyl-1-methylpiperidin-1-ium-3-yl] 2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetate Chemical compound C1[N@@+](CC)(C)CCC[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPUKUEMZZRVAKZ-NFBKMPQASA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHXDJDWQQPSWHW-HRDYMLBCSA-N [(1r,5s,6r)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-yl] acetate Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2[C@H](OC(=O)C)C[C@@H]1N2 HHXDJDWQQPSWHW-HRDYMLBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000015296 acetylcholine-gated cation-selective channel activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108040006409 acetylcholine-gated cation-selective channel activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037883 airway inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000009961 allergic asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000172 allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QXAITBQSYVNQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N amitraz Chemical compound C=1C=C(C)C=C(C)C=1N=CN(C)C=NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C QXAITBQSYVNQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTAGIZQYGRLQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N amurine Natural products C1C2=CC=3OCOC=3C=C2C23C=C(OC)C(=O)C=C3C1N(C)CC2 HTAGIZQYGRLQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036783 anaphylactic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000003455 anaphylaxis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007953 anoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000507 anthelmentic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940127003 anti-diabetic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124599 anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124604 anti-psychotic medication Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000767 anti-ulcer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011319 anticancer therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003472 antidiabetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000003699 antiulcer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003149 assay kit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003376 axonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108091008698 baroreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049706 benzodiazepine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001851 biosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000133 brain stem Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000012292 cell migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004637 cellular stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002038 chemiluminescence detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002113 chemopreventative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006020 chronic inflammation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037976 chronic inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022371 chronic pain syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002057 chronotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CCGSUNCLSOWKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cimetidine Chemical compound N#CNC(=N/C)\NCCSCC1=NC=N[C]1C CCGSUNCLSOWKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001380 cimetidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000010877 cognitive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011443 conventional therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000009854 cortexin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010034906 cortexin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- HXGBXQDTNZMWGS-RUZDIDTESA-N darifenacin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C([C@H]1CN(CCC=2C=C3CCOC3=CC=2)CC1)(C(=O)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXGBXQDTNZMWGS-RUZDIDTESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L disulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OS([O-])(=O)=O VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000442 dopamine 2 receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088679 drug related substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012149 elution buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940013628 enablex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003511 endothelial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003038 endothelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037149 energy metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010015037 epilepsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000318 excitotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003492 excitotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010075387 exoenzyme S Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 1
- IMQSIXYSKPIGPD-NKYUYKLDSA-N filipin Chemical compound CCCCC[C@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)\C(C)=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)OC1=O IMQSIXYSKPIGPD-NKYUYKLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000152 filipin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IMQSIXYSKPIGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N filipin III Natural products CCCCCC(O)C1C(O)CC(O)CC(O)CC(O)CC(O)CC(O)CC(O)C(C)=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC(O)C(C)OC1=O IMQSIXYSKPIGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002824 gallotannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002523 gelfiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000054766 genetic haplotypes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 210000000224 granular leucocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003714 granulocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940127121 immunoconjugate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002584 immunomodulator Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007574 infarction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004969 inflammatory cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005007 innate immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000036971 interstitial lung disease 2 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YWXYYJSYQOXTPL-SLPGGIOYSA-N isosorbide mononitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[C@@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)CO[C@@H]21 YWXYYJSYQOXTPL-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002510 keratinocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007787 long-term memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005265 lung cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024714 major depressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004792 malaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001840 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DZNKOAWEHDKBEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[6-[bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino]-5-[2-[2-[bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino]-5-methylphenoxy]ethoxy]-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-1,3-oxazole-5-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)CN(CC(=O)OC)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1OCCOC(C(=C1)N(CC(=O)OC)CC(=O)OC)=CC2=C1OC(C=1OC(=CN=1)C(=O)OC)=C2 DZNKOAWEHDKBEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TTWJBBZEZQICBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N metoclopramide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(N)C=C1OC TTWJBBZEZQICBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004503 metoclopramide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010027599 migraine Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003226 mitogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009456 molecular mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005087 mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940126619 mouse monoclonal antibody Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000472 muscarinic agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010125 myocardial infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000004296 neuralgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036403 neuro physiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000712 neurohormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008555 neuronal activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006764 neuronal dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003961 neuronal insult Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000021722 neuropathic pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007171 neuropathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000001119 neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007823 neuropathy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004112 neuroprotection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003448 neutrophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002547 new drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Chemical compound C1=CCC(C(=O)N)=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)O)O1 BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930027945 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Natural products 0.000 description 1
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroxyl Chemical compound O=N ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940100655 ophthalmic gel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001328 optic nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000020911 optic nerve disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036542 oxidative stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000803 paradoxical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001734 parasympathetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009054 pathological process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004796 pathophysiological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001991 pathophysiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000033808 peripheral neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008855 peristalsis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000013415 peroxidase activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009038 pharmacological inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001501 pipenzolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940068196 placebo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000902 placebo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001774 pressoreceptor Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000770 proinflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-LCYFTJDESA-N ranitidine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)/C=C(/NC)NCCSCC1=CC=C(CN(C)C)O1 VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-LCYFTJDESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000620 ranitidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008521 reorganization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001533 respiratory mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012502 risk assessment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000026451 salivation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150089009 sir2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003408 sphingolipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940046810 spiriva Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000617 superantigen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007474 system interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005031 thiocyano group Chemical group S(C#N)* 0.000 description 1
- 208000037816 tissue injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001515 vagal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001392 vagomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明通常涉及组合的毒蕈碱抑制/PARP调节的细胞保护作用,特别涉及M1毒蕈碱受体和聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)双重抑制剂作为上皮保护药剂,特别是作为预防和/或治疗至少一种与显著炎症性成分有关的常见肺部疾病,例如严重败血病,急性肺损伤,急性呼吸窘迫综合症,囊性纤维化,哮喘,过敏性鼻炎,慢性梗阻性肺部疾病,肺部纤维化,全身性硬化症,肺尘症或肺癌的药剂的用途。特别优选的化合物是稠合的二氮杂酮类,例如稠合的苯并二氮杂酮,例如哌仑西平或者能够代谢为稠合的苯并二氮杂酮的化合物,如奥氮平。
Description
本发明通常涉及组合的毒蕈碱抑制/PARP调节和/或SIR2调节的细胞保护作用,特别涉及M1毒蕈碱受体和聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)和/或SIR2调节剂的双重抑制剂作为上皮保护药剂,特别是作为预防和/或治疗与显著炎症性成分有关的疾病,特别是肺部疾病,例如严重败血病,急性肺损伤,急性呼吸窘迫综合症,囊性纤维化,哮喘,过敏性鼻炎,慢性梗阻性肺部疾病,肺部纤维化,全身性硬化症,肺尘症或肺癌的药剂的用途。特别优选的化合物是稠合的二氮杂酮,例如稠合的苯并二氮杂酮,例如哌仑西平或者能够代谢为稠合的苯并二氮杂酮的化合物,如奥氮平。
哌仑西平(5,11-二氢-11[(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-乙酰基]-6H-吡啶并-[2,3-b]-[1,4]苯并二氮-6-酮),是一种局部抗溃疡的M1毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂,其可以以比影响胃肠蠕动,唾液分泌,中枢神经系统,心血管,视觉和泌尿功能所需剂量更低的剂量来抑制胃分泌。它促进十二指肠溃疡的愈合,并且由于其细胞保护作用其在预防十二指肠溃疡复发中也是有益的。它还增强其它抗溃疡剂,如西米替丁和雷尼替丁的作用。通常其可被病人很好的耐受。哌仑西平的M1毒蕈碱作用被认为是该作用和其它适应症中多种另外的作用的解释,列举如下。
哌仑西平的制备,药理学,药代动力学,和作用机理,涉及以下参考文献:
制备:法国专利1,505,795(1967 to Thomae),CA.70,4154w(1969).
药理学:W.Ebenem等人Arzneimittel-Forsch.27,356(1977).
药代动力学:R.Hammes等人,ibid.928。
作用机理:G.Heller等人,Verh.Deut.Ges.Inn.Med.84,991(1978),CA.90,132984s(1979)。
人类药理学:H.Brunnen等人,Arzneimittel-Forsch.27,684(1977).Multicenter controlled clinical trial:Scand.J.Gastroenterol.17,Suppl.81,1-42(1982).Review of pharmacologyand therapeutic efficacy:A.A.Carmine,R.N.Brogden,Drugs30,85-126(1985)。
综述:H.A.EI-Obeid等人,In Analytical Profiles of DrugSubstances,Vol 16,K.Florey,Ed.(Academic Press,New York,1987)pp 445-506.
哌仑西平的M1毒蕈碱作用被认为负责拟迷走神经的神经体液调节,这可能有益于慢性心力衰竭病人和由心肌梗死或通常由高血压恢复的病人的治疗。[Jakubetz J Human cardiac betal-or beta2-adrenergic receptor stimulation and the negative chronotropiceffect of low-dose pirenzepine.Clin Pharmacol Ther-2000May;67(5):549-57.Hayano T,ShimizuA,Ikeda Y,Yamamoto T,YamagataT,Ueyama T,Furutani Y,Matsuzaki M Paradoxical effects ofpirenzepine on parasympathetic activity in chronic heart failureand control.Int.J.Cardiol.1999 Jan;68(1):47-56.PedrettiRF,Colombo E,Braga SS,Ballardini L,Caru B Effects of oralpirenzepine on heart rate variability and baroreceptor reflexsensitivity after acute myocardial infarction.J.Am.Coll.Cardiol.1995 Mar 15;25(4):915-21.Wilhelmy R,Pitschner H,Neuzner J,Dursch M,Konig S Selective and unselective blockadeof sympathicus and parasympathicus and vagal enhancement bypirenzepine:effects on beart rate and heart rate variability inbealthy subject s.Clin Sci(Colch)1996;91 Suppl:124.]。
根据其M1毒蕈碱抑制作用,在某些CNS相关疾病中也涉及哌仑西平,例如其可与抗精神病药作为复方药物使用(Hedges D,Jeppson K,Whitehead P Antipsychotic medication and seizures:a review.Drugs Today(Barc).2003 Jul;39(7):551-7;Schneider B,WeigmannH,Hiemke C,Weber B,Fritze J.Reduction of clozapine-inducedhypersalivation by pirenzepine is safe.Pharmacopsychiatry.2004Mar;37(2):43-5)。毒蕈碱受体在精神分裂症的潜在作用被假定为根本的原因(Katerina Z,Andrew K,Filomena M,Xu-Feng H.Investigationof m1/m4 muscarinic receptors in the anterior cingulate cortexin schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,and major depression disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology.2004 Mar;29(3):619-25)。在阿尔茨海默氏病的潜在相关淀粉样前蛋白的释放和处理中也涉及选择性毒蕈碱M1激动剂(Qiu Y,Wu XJ,Chen HZ.Simultaneous changes in secretoryamyloid precursor protein and beta-amyloid peptide release fromrat hippocampus by activation of muscarinic receptors.NeurosciLett.2003 Nov 27;352(1):41-4;Qiu Y,Chen HZ,Wu XJ,Jin ZJ.6beta-acetoxy nortropane regulated processing of amyloidprecursor protein in CHOM1 cells and rat brain.Eur J Pharmacol.2003 May 2;468(1):1-8.)。
可将哌仑西平和其它药物如奥氮平或氯氮平合用以抑制其在癌症或精神分裂症治疗中的副作用(例如,呕吐或唾液分泌过多)(Bai YM,Lin CC,Chen JY,Liu WC.Therapeutic effect of pirenzepine forclozapine-induced hypersalivation:a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,cross-over study.J Clin Psychopharmacol.2001 Dec;21(6):608-11)。
哌仑西平还被发现可有效减少近视,尤其是儿童近视的发展,获得了有希望的功效结果和可接受的安全特性(Gilmartin B.Myopia:precedents for research in the twenty-first century.ClinExperiment Ophthalmol.2004 Jun;32(3):305-24;Bartlett JD,Niemann K,Houde B,Allred T,Edmondson MJ,Crockett RS.Atolerabilitys tudy of pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in myopicchildren.J Ocul Pharmacol Ther.2003 Jun;19(3):271-9.)。
进一步地,在糖尿病的治疗中对哌仑西平进行了测试(Issa BG,Davies N,Hood K,Premawardhana LD,Peters JR,Scanlon MF.Effectof 2-week treatment with pirenzepine on fasting and postprandialglucose concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Care.2003 May;26(5):1636-7)。总之,这些研究及其它研究表明哌仑西平是一种相对安全的化合物。
还没有毒蕈碱受体具有神经保护或细胞保护作用的证据。仅仅讨论了它们调节潜在地兴奋毒性的谷氨酸释放的作用(例如Sholl-FrancoA,Marques PM,Ferreira CM,de Araujo EG.IL-4 increases GABAergicphenotype in rat retinal cell cultures:involyement of muscarinicreceptors and protein kinase C.J Neuroimmunol.2002 Dec;133(1-2):20-9.Calabresi P,Picconi B,Saulle E,Centonze D,HainsworthAH,Bernardi G.Is pharmacological neuroprotection dependent onreduced glutamate release?Stroke.2000 Mar;31(3):766-72;discussion 773)。毒蕈碱受体调节脑干中NMDA受体的mRNA的表达和谷氨酸释放。已经证实了谷氨酸受体在介导中风,癫痫和创伤的兴奋毒性神经元死亡中的核心作用。虽然钙离子被认为是兴奋毒性的关键调节因子,但是新证据提示是特定的第二信使通道而不是总的Ca2+负荷负责介导神经元变性。有证据表明抑制谷氨酸受体下游信号,例如氧化一氮和PARP-1,可以减少兴奋毒性损伤(Aarts MM,Tymianski M.Molecularmechanisms underlying specificity of excitotoxic signaling inneurons.Curr Mol Med.2004 Mar;4(2):137-47)。
聚(ADP-核糖基)化作用是对DNA损害的直接细胞反应(immediatecellular response),并被聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP-1)催化。通过DNA断裂而直接被激发,PARP-1参与多种生理学和病理生理学现象。从生理学角度讲,它对于保持基因组的稳定性是重要的。从病理生理学上说,PARP-1的过度活化导致了许多与细胞应激有关的疾病。PARP的蛋白水解,与DNA的断裂一起,成为细胞凋亡的标志之一。PARP是正常功能为DNA修复的DNA损害传感酶(sensor enzyme),但是当被DNA损害过度活化后,会促进细胞死亡,这会导致主要由NAD+(PARP-1的底物)和ATP缺失而引起的细胞功能障碍和细胞死亡。PARP的过度活化似乎在血管中风以及导致坏死神经死亡的其它神经变性疾病中有显著作用。因此PARP抑制剂作为具有宽的治疗潜能的潜在细胞/神经保护活性的先导结构,在近来已经引起强烈的兴趣,特别是PARP-1抑制剂(例如Cosi C,GuerinK,Marien M,Koek W,Rollet K.The PARP inhibitor benzamide protectsagainst kainate and NMDA but not AMPA lesioning of the mousestriatum in vivo.Brain Res.2004 Jan 16;996(1):1-8.Suh SW,Aoyama K,Chen Y,Garnier P,Matsumori Y,Gum E,Liu J,SwansonRA.Hypoglycemic neuronal death and cognitive impairment areprevented by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitorsadministered after hypoglycemia.J Neurosci.2003.23:10681-90.Pogrebniak A,Schemainda I,Pelka-Fleischer R,Nussler V,HasmannM.Poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitors transientlyprotect leukemia cells from alkylating agent induced cell deathby three different effects.Eur J Med Res.2003 Oct22;8(10):438-50.PRECLINICAL TRIALS are initiated from variouscompanies:INOTEK PHARMACEUTICALS,USA,http://www.inotekcorp.com/news/index.htm;Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc.http://www.guilfordpharm.com/etc.)。
一些另外的证据预示PARP1不仅在神经保护和修复,而且在记忆形成中均具有决定性的作用。由PARP1-剔除小鼠获得的皮层培养物,或用PARP1抑制剂处理的培养物可在很大程度上耐受低血糖神经元死亡。很新的发现甚至表明PARP1在长期记忆形成方面起作用。(Suh等人,J.Neurosci.23(2003),10681-10690;Ghen-Ammon等人,Science 304(2004),1820-1822).
目前,研发的PARP-1抑制剂不到10种,虽然还没有一种进入临床。但由于具有良好市场前景的多种严重疾病均涉及这类抑制剂,因此,这些分子例如PJ34等的进一步发展提供了相当多的临床和财政希望(financial promise)(http://www.bioportfolio.com/LeadDiscovery/PubMed-030215.htm;Faro R,Toyoda Y,McCully JD,Jagtap P,Szabo E,Virag L,Bianchi C,Levitsky S,Szabo C,Sel1keFW.Myocardial protection by PJ34,a novel potent poly(ADP-ribose)synthetase inhibitor.Ann Thorac Surg.2002.73:575-81)。
但是似乎PARP抑制剂预防细胞死亡的作用存在临界平衡,这通过它们保持独立细胞能量代谢的能力来调节,以抑制内切核苷酸的DNA降解的激活和预防细胞起泡和单个PARP抑制剂的毒性。
由严重DNA损伤引起的PARP-1过度激活会导致细胞NAD+(即PARPs的底物)和ATP(因为ATP是NAD+再合成所必需的)的耗竭,这会导致细胞坏死,即轻微遗传毒性应激激活PARP-1并促进DNA修复,而严重损伤会诱发NAD+耗竭和坏死性细胞死亡(Beneke S,Diefenbach J,Burkle A.Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation inhibitors:promising drug candidatesfor a wide variety of pathophysiologic conditions,Int J Cancer.2004.111:813-8)。因为后者与炎症和病理学组织损伤有关,所以PARP活性调节因子能够减少病理学损伤。
具有保守催化部位的PARP-相关蛋白质大家族将酶的聚(ADP-核糖基)化反应的参与扩展到潜在地细胞生物学许多方面,最终可提高药理学策略,以增强抗肿瘤效能和治疗许多炎症和神经变性疾病(AméJC,Spenlehauer C,de-Murcia G.The PARP superfamily.Bioessays.2004.26:882-93.;Beneke等人,2004 ibid)。参与由PARP相关蛋白质所引起的炎症性过程是本发明的主题,由此PARP或相关蛋白质被本文所述分子抑制。
使用神经保护功能性细胞模型和一组神经元生物标志物进行了具有新的神经保护作用方式的试验化合物的筛选。令人惊讶地,发现哌仑西平以及相关化合物作为PARP抑制剂或PARP结合分子具有前所未知的作用方式。由于这些前所未知的神经保护作用,这些化合物适合作为细胞保护药物和新的先导结构以开发和最佳化具有双重作用方式,即M1/PARP1作用方式的相关化合物,其通常用于细胞保护,特别是用于肺炎症性疾病的治疗。
SIR2是与酵母和微小的蠕虫秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditiselegans)增加的寿命有关的蛋白质,可潜在地延迟病变神经细胞分支的变性,与广泛的神经变性疾病的新疗法有关,这些疾病包括帕金森氏症,阿尔茨海默氏症,肌萎缩性侧索硬化(Lou Gehrig病),不同种类的神经病变和多发性硬化症。在小鼠神经细胞中表明蛋白质SIRT1属于被称为SIR2族的蛋白质家族,可延迟由细胞体机械切断的或暴露于化疗剂而导致的神经细胞轴突的破坏。以前的证据表明轴突变性可能是在某些条件神经元激活的活性自毁过程。增加的SIRT1活性似乎阻断了某些或全部自毁过程。也对通过能增加SIR2蛋白质活化的药物预防癌症的可能性进行了研究(Araki T,Sasaki Y,Milbrandt J.R.Increasednuclear NAD biosynthesis and SIRT1 activation prevent axonaldegeneration.Science.2004.305:1010-3)。
人们对PARP1和SIR2蛋白质之间潜在的相互作用(cross-talk)相当关注:PARP-1被认为通过限制姐妹染色单体互换保护基因组的完整性,以及由于广泛DNA损伤所引起的PARP-1过度兴奋刺激而导致的细胞死亡。长时间的PARP-1激活会耗尽底物NAD+,同时提高产物烟酰胺的浓度。NAD+的减少和烟酰胺的增加可下调SIR2 NAD+-依赖的脱乙酰基酶的活性,因为SIR2脱乙酰作用依赖于高浓度NAD+,而且被生理浓度的烟酰胺所抑制。介导广泛的生物活动的这两种原有(ancient)通道的可能的联系可能对多细胞真核生物中保守的PARP-1和SIR2基因家族带来深刻的进化作用(Zhang,J.Bioessays,25(2003),808-814)。
令人惊讶地,进一步地发现哌仑西平和相关化合物作为SIR2调节因子,例如SIR2结合分子,和弱的SIR2抑制剂LS-75(PBD),具有前所未知的作用方式。由于这些前所未知的神经保护作用,这些化合物适合作为细胞保护药物,尤其是抗炎药物,而且适合作为新的先导结构以开发和最佳化具有联合(即M1/PARP1/SIR2)作用方式的相关化合物,其通常用于细胞保护,特别是用于肺炎症性疾病的治疗。
人们普遍承认,当生物体与先天免疫系统相互作用时由细胞因子过度产生所导致的许多急性感染病,不管其感染源是病毒性,细菌性或寄生性的,它们之间存在相似之处。在这些过程中证实了PARP-1的活性是促炎介质(Clark IA,Alleva LM,Mills AC,Cowden WB.Pathogenesisof malaria and clinically similar conditions.Clin-Microbiol-Rev.2004.17:509-39)。例如,这对于与显著炎症性成分有关的普通肺部疾病如严重的败血症,急性肺损伤,急性呼吸窘迫综合征,囊性纤维化是相关的。在过敏性肺部疾病例如过敏性鼻炎和哮喘(Carlsen KH.Therapeutic strategies for allergic airwaysdiseases.Paediatr-Respir-Rev.2004.5:45-51),或其它的疾病,例如原因不明的慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)(Hageman GJ,Larik I,PenningsHJ,Haenen GR,Wouters EF,Bast A.Systemic poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 activation,chronic inflammation,and oxidativestress in COPD patients.Free-Radic-Biol-Med.2003.15;35:140-8.Boulares AH,Zoltoski AJ,Sherif ZA,Jolly P,Massaro D,SmulsonME.Gene knockout or pharmacological inhibition ofpoly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 prevents lung inflammation in amurine model of asthma.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol.2003 Mar;28(3):322-9.),或者甚至在癌症进程中都涉及类似炎症性过程。
考虑到哮喘的实例,该病的特征为呼吸道粘膜特有的炎症模式,PARP基因剔除或药理学抑制可预防哮喘模型动物的肺部炎症,这提示这种酶是开发治疗哮喘的新治疗策略的的靶点(Boulares等人,2003 ibid.Virag L,Bai P,Bak I,Pacher P,Mabley JG,Liaudet L,BakondiE,Gergely P,Kollai M,Szabo C.Effects of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibition on inflammatory cell migration in a murinemodel of asthma.Med Sci Monit.2004 Mar;10(3):BR77-83)。尽管存在有效和相对便宜的疗法,但是大约有5%的哮喘的病人仍得不到很好的控制,许多病人需要长期的抗炎治疗。将口服治疗和存在的吸入疗法组合可能会改善这种情况,但是口服治疗存在全身副作用的问题。因此需要口服药物对正常生理机能具有最小的不利影响(Barnes PJ.Newdrugs for asthma.Nat Rev Drug Discov.2004.3:831-44)。
败血病与获得性细胞耗氧能力损伤,一种被称为“细胞病变缺氧”的现象有关,它至少部分地被认为是受PARP活化所引起的NAD+/NADH细胞内水平耗竭所介导(Khan AU,Delude RL,Han YY,Sappington PL,HanX,Carcillo JA,Fink MP.Liposomal NAD(+)prevents diminished O(2)consumption by immunostimulated Caco-2 cells.Am J Physiol LungCell Mol Physiol.2002 May,282(5):L1082-91)。事实上,PARP抑制可减少由败血病所引起的病理学急性肺损伤(Murakami K,EnkhbaatarP,Shimoda K,Cox RA,Burke AS,Hawkins HK,Traber LD,SchmalstiegFC,Salzman AL,Mabley JG,Komjati K,Pacher P,Zsengeller Z,Szabo C,Traber DL.Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose)polymeraseattenuates acute lung injury in an ovine model of sepsis.Shock.2004 Feb;21(2):126-33)。
在囊性纤维化中,实际上所有病人都受到感染都有绿脓假单胞菌的感染,而且这样的感染,一旦产生,就很少能够清除。由绿脓假单胞菌分泌的因子所引起的T淋巴细胞激活被认为能产生参与疾病发病的淋巴细胞介导的炎症性反应,其特点为由导致气道炎症和疾病病理变化的中性粒细胞(即多形核白细胞)所控制的重度肺上皮组织浸润(Bruno TF,Buser DE,Syme RM,Woods DE,Mody CH.Pseudomonas aeruginosaexoenzyme S is a mitogen but not a superantigen for human Tlymphocytes.Infect-Immun.1998;66:3072-9)。
在COPD中,全身炎症也是由PARP-1激活所引起,这促成了COPD病人的病理生理变化(Hageman等人,2003,ibid)。
某些疾病与增加的肺癌风险有关,包括特发性肺纤维化,全身性硬化症和某些形式的尘肺病。持续肺部炎症被普遍认为在癌发生中发挥作用(Borm PJ,Schins RP,Albrecht C.Inhaled particles and lungcancer,part B:paradigms and risk assessment.Int-J-Cancer.2004May 20;110(1):3-14.Artinian V,Kvale PA.Cancer andinterstitial lung disease.Curr-Opin-Pulm-Med.2004 Sep;10(5):425-34),众所周知,使用非甾体类抗炎药物(NSAIDs)治疗可减少癌症的发生率(Gwyn K,Sinicrope FA.Chemoprevention of colorectalcancer.Am J Gastroenterol.2002 Jan;97(1):13-21)。此外,PARP活性与炎症诱发的肿瘤生成直接相关(Martin-Oliva D,O′Valle F,Munoz-Gamez JA,Valenzuela MT,Nunez MI,Aguilar M,Ruiz-de-Almodovar JM,Garcia-del-Moral R,Oliver FJ.Crosstalkbetween PARP-1 and NF-kappaB modulates the promotion of skinneoplasia.Oncogene.2004 Jul 8;23(31):5275-83)。
患有类风湿性关节炎(RA)的病人表现持续高水平的炎症。抗炎剂对于RA属于常规治疗(Furst DE,Breedveld FC,Kalden JR,Smolen JS,Burmester GR,Dougados M,Emery P,Gibofsky A,Kavenaugh AF,Keystone EC,Klareskog L,Russell AS,van-de-Putte LB,WeismanMH.Updated consensus statement on biological agents for thetreatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other immune mediatedinflammatory diseases(May 2003).Ann-Rheum-Dis.2003 Nov;62Suppl 2:ii2-9)。PARP也被认为参与类风湿性关节炎的发作,因为某些PARP-1等位基因与RA易感性有关(Pascual M,Lopez-Nevot MA,CalizR,Ferrer MA,Balsa A,Pascual-Salcedo D,Martin J.Apoly(ADP-ribose)polymerase haplotype spanning the promoterregion confers susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis.ArthritisRheum.2003 Mar;48(3):638-41),假设通过基因选择压力来对PARP-1等位基因进进行选择以幸免于感染疾病,因为现代类风湿性关节炎(RA)的流行病学与肺结核的流行病学惊人地相似(Mobley JL.Is rheumatoidarthritis a consequence of natural selection for enhancedtuberculosis resistance Med Hypotheses.2004;62(5):839-43)。因此PARP抑制剂有助于慢性RA的治疗和初期的预防。这些原理可以合理地扩大至其它自身免疫性疾病,例如系统性红斑狼疮。实际上,由于这里所证明的PARP活性和炎症之间功能性联系的广泛的发生率,这些原理可以同样应用于许多炎症性疾病。
总之,上述讨论说明炎症参与了许多病理过程,特别是在肺部,并且PARP活性对于炎症很重要。我们在炎症性过程实验模型,如脂多糖(LPS)攻击不同类型的细胞,例如3T3成纤维细胞中表明这些化合物具有细胞保护作用。这种作用伴随有细胞凋亡标志物和炎症性标志物的相应变化,可通过具有抗PARP-1和Cox-2抗体的染色Western印迹来筛选。
因此,本发明的第一个方面涉及式I化合物
其中A和B为任选含有至少一个选自N,S和O的杂原子的五元或六元环,其中该环任选被卤代,例如F,Cl,Br,或I,C1-G4-(卤代)-烷基,C1-C4-(卤代)-烷氧基,氨基,C1-C4-烷基-氨基,或二(C1-C4-烷基)氨基单取代或多取代
W是S,O,NR1或CHR1
R1是氢,Y或COY,
R2是氢或C1-C4-(卤代)-烷基,和
Y是C1-C6(卤代)烷基或C3-C8环-(卤代)-烷基,其中烷基或环烷基任选被含有至少一个选自N,S和O的杂原子的五元或六元环所取代,其中该环任选被卤代,C1-C4-(卤代)烷基,C1-C4(卤代)烷氧基,氨基,C1-C4-烷基氨基,二(C1-C4-烷基)氨基或Z单取代或多取代,
其中Z是ω位被基团N(R4)2取代的C1-C6(卤素)烷基,其中每个R4独立为氢,C1-C8-烷基,或CO-C1-C8-烷基或其中两个R4一起构成任选含有至少一个选自N,S和O的另外的杂原子的五元或六元环,其中该环任选被卤素,C1-C4(卤素)-烷基和C1-C4(卤素)烷氧基单取代或多取代,
或其盐或衍生物用来制备细胞保护药剂,特别是用于预防或治疗与炎症性成分有关的疾病,例如炎症性肺部疾病的上皮细胞保护性药剂的用途。
根据本发明术语“(卤素)烷基”涉及任选含有至少一个卤素例如F,Cl,Br或I取代基直至全卤化的烷基基团。
术语“盐”优选涉及具有适合的阳离子和/或阴离子的式I化合物的药学上可接受的盐。适合的阳离子的实例是碱金属阳离子,例如Li+;Na+和K+,碱土金属阳离子,例如Mg+和Ca+以及适合的有机阳离子,例如铵或取代的铵阳离子。药学上可接受的阴离子的实例是无机阴离子例如氯化物,硫酸盐,硫酸氢盐,磷酸盐,或有机阴离子例如醋酸盐,柠檬酸盐,酒石酸盐等。
式I的化合物的衍生物是指在生理条件可以转化为式I化合物的任何分子,例如式I化合物或为式I化合物代谢反应产物的分子的酯,酰胺等。
优选地,将式I的化合物用于预防或治疗炎症与PARP-1和/或SIR2-有关的炎症的疾病,即,由其引起和/或伴有PARP-1功能障碍,特别是PARP-1活性的功能性增加的障碍的疾病,和/或由其引起和/或伴有SIR2-功能障碍,特别是SIR2活性的功能性增加的障碍的疾病。例如,这些疾病包括肺部疾病,例如与炎症性成分有关的肺部疾病,例如严重的败血症,急性肺损伤,急性呼吸窘迫综合征,囊性纤维化,哮喘,过敏性鼻炎,或COPD,或肺癌。进一步地,这些疾病包括神经炎症性疾病,特别是中枢神经系统例如脑部的神经炎症性疾病。
进一步优选的适应症是预防或治疗囊性纤维化,特别是具有功能不全的囊性纤维化跨膜通道调节因子(CFTR)Cl-通道的病人,或预防或治疗胃肠系统的溃疡或其它炎症性病症,特别是具有功能不全的囊性纤维化跨膜通道调节因子(CFTR)Cl-通道的病人。
更进一步优选的适应症是预防或治疗参与癌症预防或进程的炎症或与炎症有关的过程。
更进一步优选的适应症是预防或治疗参与自身免疫性疾病的炎症或与炎症有关的过程,例如类风湿性关节炎或系统性红斑狼疮,特别用于治疗通过遗传学或其它更可能经受这样的治疗检验的标志物来确定的病人。
更进一步优选的适应症是预防或治疗疼痛,特别是炎症或与炎症有关的疼痛,例如慢性疼痛,因为促凋亡机制在不同形式的慢性疼痛初期发挥作用(Maione S等人Apoptotic genes expression in the lumbardorsal horn in a model neuropathic pain in rat.Neuroreport 2002Jan 21;13(1):101-6)。
更进一步优选的适应症是预防或治疗炎症或与炎症有关的眼部疾病,特别是黄斑变性,例如湿性或干性黄斑变性,青光眼,例如急性,原发性,继发性或低角度青光眼,糖尿病性视网膜病,前部和后部视神经病变,色素性视网膜炎,视神经神经炎或是中央动脉梗阻。
对于治疗应用,可单独使用式I的化合物,或将其与其它的药物,例如口服哮喘药物,氯氮平,奥氮平,抗糖尿病药或抗癌治疗一起使用。
在式I的化合物中,环基A和B优选选自
其中X是N或CR3,
V1,V2或V3选自-O-,-S-,和NR6,
R3任何情况下独立的是卤代,C1-C4-(卤代)-烷基,C1-C4-(卤代)-烷基,C1-C4-(卤代)-烷氧基,氨基,C1-C4-烷基-氨基,或二(C1-C4-烷基)氨基,
m为0-2的整数,和
R6是氢或C1-C4-(卤代)烷基。
更优选地,环基A选自
其中R3如上定义,
m为0-2之间的整数,
r为0-1之间的整数,和
R6是氢或甲基。
更优选地,环基B选自
其中X,R3和m如上定义,
在一个实施方案中,R1是Y。这种情况下,Y优选为C3-C8环(卤代)-烷基,例如环丙基,环丁基或环戊基。
在进一步的实施方案中,R1是COY,Y选自
-(CHR7)q-R8
其中R7是氢,卤代或C1-C4-(卤代)烷基,
q为1-4的整数,优选为1,和
R8为任选含有至少一个杂原子的五元或六元环,其中该环任选为如上定义的C1-C4(卤代)烷基或ω-氨基-取代的烷基Z单取代或多取代。
在该实施方案中,R8优选选自
其中R9是氢或C1-C4(卤代)烷基,R10为如上定义的ω-氨基-取代的烷基Z。
R9优选为甲基。ω-氨基-取代的烷基Z优选为C1-C4(卤代)烷基,其具有被至少一个C1-C6烷基取代的末端氨基,例如二乙基氨基,或二异丁基氨基,或被CO(C1-C6)烷基,和氢或C1-C2烷基取代的末端氨基。
在FR1,505,795,U.S.专利3406168,3660380,4021557,4210648,4213984,4213985,4277399,4308206,4317823,4335250,4424222,4424226,4724236,4863920,5324832,5620978,6316423中公开了式I化合物的具体实例哌仑西平及其相关化合物。奥腾折帕及其相关化合物在US3406168,5324832和5712269中被公开,AQ-RA741及其相关化合物在U.S.专利5,716,952,5,576,436和5,324,832中被公开,奈韦拉平及其相关化合物在EP-A-0429987,和U.S.专利5366972,5705499中被公开,BIBN99及其相关化合物在U.S.专利6,022,683和5,935,781中被公开,DIBD,替伦折平及其相关化合物在EP-A-0035519,和U.S.专利4381301中被公开,及其盐或衍生物。将上述文献通过参考引入本文。
进一步优选的化合物是7-氮杂双环-[2.2.1]-庚烷和庚烯化合物例如噻托溴铵,在US专利5,817,679,6,060,473,6,077,846,6,117,889,6,255,490,6,403,584,6,410,583,6,537,524,6,579,889,6,608,055,6,627,644,6,635,658,6,693,202,6,699,866和6,756,392中被公开,杂环化合物,如吡咯烷酮,四氢吡啶,异唑甲酰胺,噻吩吡喃甲酰胺类,或苯并吡喃,例如阿伐美林酒石酸盐及其相关化合物,在US专利6,306,861,6,365,592,6,403,594,6,486,163,6,528,529,6,680,319,6,716,857和6,759,419中被公开,metocloproamide及其相关化合物,在US专利3,177,252中被公开,QNB及其相关化合物,在US专利2,648,667中被公开,及其盐和衍生物。将上述文献通过参考引入本文。
进一步,本发明包括代谢得到式I的二芳基二氮杂酮,例如氯氮平和olenzepine的化合物。
本发明进一步的方面涉及为双重M1毒蕈碱受体抑制剂和PARP抑制剂的化合物制备呼吸道药剂,特别是用于预防或治疗如上所述疾病的药剂的用途。
双重抑制剂化合物优选为中等强度的PARP抑制剂,对于PARP的IC50值为100至10000μM,更优选250至1000μM。IC50值的测定按是实施例所述进行。
本发明更进一步的方面涉及为双重M1毒蕈碱受体抑制剂和PARP抑制剂和另外SIR2调节剂或结合分子,特别是SIR2抑制剂的化合物用于制备神经或细胞保护药剂,优选用于预防或治疗如上所述疾病的药剂的用途。
如上所述该化合物优选为中等强度的PARP抑制剂。更进一步地,该化合物优选为SIR2抑制剂,对于SIR2的IC50值为1至10,000μM,更优选为5至5,000μM。IC50值的测定是按实施例所述进行。
优选以药物组合物的形式给需要上述化合物的患者施用上述化合物,该组合物可包含药学上可接受的载体,稀释剂和/或辅助剂。该药物组合物可以片剂,胶囊,溶液,混悬液,气溶胶,喷雾剂等形式施用。这种药剂可以使用任何已知的方式施用,其中特别优选经口服,肺部和静脉内施用。活性成分的剂量取决于疾病的类型和变化,通常在1至2000mg/天范围内。
本发明可应用于人类医学和兽医学,尤其是人类医学。
而且,将通过以下附图和实施例对本发明进行解释。
附图说明
附图1:与哌仑西平有关的不可逆亲和标志物(11)的合成。
附图2:哌仑西平及其代谢物LS-75的化学结构(附图2a);体外1μM哌仑西平神经保护作用的实例,可预防所述条件下化学性局部缺血造成的神经元死亡(附图2b)。在局部缺血损伤或通过LS-75的分别治疗过程中,通过相应的Western印迹对细胞凋亡和炎症性标志物,PARP-1,Cox-2和iNOS的浓度进行了定量(附图2c)。显示了在用KCN(45min,3mM KCN)和β-淀粉状蛋白(10μMβ淀粉状蛋白1-40)进行攻击后在哌仑西平和LS-75存在的情况下神经元的存活(附图2d和e)。在三次攻击后对这些试验进行了总结(根据所显示的兴奋毒性,局部缺血,和β-淀粉状蛋白所诱发的哌仑西平和LS-75神经保护作用的EC50值(附图2f)。
附图3:附图3a显示亲和富集后获得的银染色的1D凝胶部分:泳道1-6,8-17为对照,泳道7为哌仑西平亲和标志物富集的物质,在113和89kD的有显著的区带,在110kD有弱的区带;3b:使用特异性抗PARP-1抗体免疫染色V56细胞的1D凝胶提取物。泳道16是全蓝标志物(All BlueMarker),17为脲提取物,18为NP-40提取物:泳道19-22为哌仑西平亲和柱的洗出液;3c:根据方法部分制备的哌仑西平亲和标志物与SIR-2不可逆地结合,使该蛋白质富集,通过使用特异性抗SIR-2抗体免疫染色V56细胞的1D凝胶提取物得到证明。泳道28和39为分子量标志物:29和38为粗提物;30/31:与不可逆哌仑西平亲和标志物孵育过夜后洗提1和流过1,32/33:对照,粗提物与不可逆的哌仑西平亲和标志物阻断的抗生蛋白链菌素琼胶糖小球孵育过夜;34/35:对照,粗提物与5′-AMP-Sepharose(琼脂糖凝胶)小球孵育过夜(Sigma,A3019);36/37:对照,粗提物在没有与不可逆的哌仑西平亲和标志物连接的抗生蛋白链菌素琼胶糖小球的情况下孵育过夜。
附图4:哌仑西平及其衍生物LS-75对SIR-2和PARP-1的抑制作用:
在上半部分以相应的酶的活性对哌仑西平和LS-75增加的浓度作图。作为阴性对照,使用菲啶酮作为典型的PARP-1抑制剂和烟酰胺作为典型的SIR-2抑制剂(附图4a)。附图下半部分的表显示所有物质各自的IC50值,LS-75看起来为中等强度的PARP-1抑制剂。哌仑西平为相当弱的PARP-1抑制剂。两种物质均为弱的SIR-2抑制剂(附图4b)。
附图5:哌仑西平和LS-75(此处显示)对LPS攻击(100ng/ml,60分钟)的保护:5a,3T3成纤维细胞保护;5b,A549细胞的保护;5c,未分化V56胚胎干细胞的保护;5d,神经分化的V56胚胎干细胞的保护。
附图6:哌仑西平和LS-75(此处显示)的作用依赖于富含胆固醇的脂筏的存在。确定的通过加入甲基-β-环糊精导致胆固醇耗竭从而破坏这些脂筏的方法可以降低神经保护作用(以及通常的细胞保护作用,图中未显示)。
附图7:神经元脂筏的构造与成分:
这些功能性膜区室由活性-依赖的神经调节蛋白(NRG),硫酸乙酰肝素结合蛋白(HSPG)和二聚ErbB受体(ErbB)的相互作用来构成,其调节一组特异膜蛋白质的装配和活性,这对某些最重要的神经生理学/神经病理学过程是必要的。它们中的一些最近已经被确定为阿尔茨海默氏症(记为AD)和/或精神分裂症(SCH)的遗传危险性因素。nAChRa7是烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的同工型(AD,SCH),NMDAR为离子移变的谷氨酸受体的同工型,NRG为神经调节蛋白(AD,SCH),APP为淀粉状蛋白的前体蛋白(AD),GABAAR是γ-氨基丁酸-门控的氯化物-通道;pTyr代表磷酸-酪氨酸;Cho:含胆固醇的脂筏(与ApoE4有关,AD的危险性因素)和鞘类磷脂。Ex:细胞外;M:细胞膜区室;In:细胞内;脂筏也在非神经元细胞和通常与炎症和细胞凋亡有关的机制中起作用。
附图8:LS-75预防细胞条件下的聚-ADP-核糖基化:
由KCN/葡萄糖缺失引起的神经细胞局部缺血损伤诱发使用这种抗体,特别是在100-250kD范围内的许多蛋白质的染色的极大增加。通过添加神经保护浓度的LS-75可以逆转这种作用;这里我们分别显示在1和10μM LS-75存在下,在局部缺血损伤过程中,聚-ADP-核糖基化蛋白减少。这些作用的IC50值在1μM以下(大约为0.3μM)。
附图9:通过HPLC和紫外线吸光度测定法来测定哌仑西平和其两个主要的代谢物去甲基哌仑西平(dm-哌仑西平)和LS-75(PBD)在血浆和脑脊液(CSF)中的浓度;AU为任意单位;在244nm测定哌仑西平和去甲基哌仑西平;在330nm测定LS-75(PBD);氯氮平在两个波长处都有吸收,通常用作内标物;各自的保留时间以分钟标示于相应峰的旁边。
附图10:口服应用50mg哌仑西平后,约3h达到的哌仑西平和去甲哌仑西平的峰浓度,图表左侧部分显示受试大鼠3小时后血浆(PLS)和脑脊液(CSF)中的相应浓度,右侧部分是6小时后的浓度。
附图11:在应用哌仑西平后试验动物血浆和CSF中的LS-75测定显示该物质通过血脑屏障(BBB)并在脑部富集。图11的左侧部分显示3小时和6小时后血浆(PLS)和CSF中的LS-75的浓度:6h后CSF中的LS-75水平有极大增加;在左侧部分显示应用LS-75(3和6小时后)的LS-75浓度,有25-30%的LS-75通过血脑屏障。
附图12和13:根据保护作用对控制的脑皮层撞击伤(CCI)(开颅术,在硬脑膜上金属活塞造孔),与结构破坏有关的创伤进行了评价:与对照相比,在LS-75治疗的动物中对侧海马的细胞损伤标志物(固罗克沙尔蓝和EMAP)减少了40-60%。
实施例
实施例1
PARP1抑制
1.材料和方法
1.1生物试验系统:化学性局部缺血和神经保护的细胞培养模型
对于所有试验,将由129/sv小鼠获得的D3胚胎干(ES)细胞[Okabe等人,1996]培养12天,如以前文献所述在第2,4,7和9天进行传代[Sommer等人,2004]。损伤条件:在37℃将细胞(24-孔板)在含有或不含20nM EPO的新鲜培养基中预孵育24小时。细胞用低K+溶液(140mMNaCl,4.7mM KCl,1.2mM KH2PO4,2.5mM CaCl2,1.2mM MgSO4,11mM葡萄糖,15mM Hepes-NaOH,pH7.35)冲洗一次。细胞(含有或不含有EPO预先孵育)与低K+溶液或与不含葡萄糖补充有1mM KCN(化学性局部缺血溶液[Kume等人,2002])的低K+溶液孵育45min(37℃)。通过用低剂量的谷氨酸(10μM)进行短暂刺激来控制生命力以评价存活的神经元数目。然后,用冰冷的磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水(PBS)洗涤细胞三次,然后收集蛋白质。将悬浮的细胞以500xG成团粒状,溶解入9M脲的4%CHAPS中。细胞溶解物以预先用相同的缓冲液平衡的NAP-10柱(AmershamBiosciences)脱盐,然后测定蛋白质含量。
1.2钙-成像
基本上按文献所述进行钙成像功能性试验[Sommer等人,2004]。简言之,在暗处37℃在DMEM中给细胞装载2μM的fura-2AM 45分钟。使用具有多色素IV单色仪(Polychrom IV Monochromator)(Xe-lamp,USHIO)的倒置落射荧光显微镜(inyerted epifluorescence microscope)(Olympus IX70 S1F2)测量[Ca2+]的相对变化。激发波长(λ1,λ2)和发射波长分别地为340,380和510nm。适当刺激后,使用MetaFluor软件(Universal Imaging Corporation)进行数据的采集和分析。图像分辨率为168×129像素((binning 8×8,象素尺寸6.8×6.8μm)。只有那些通过形态学的标准和偶见的免疫染色(未显示)确定为神经元的细胞和那些在第一次刺激后钙水平恢复到静止状态的细胞才考虑在内。对照包括标称零的钙(阴性)和5μM伊屋诺霉素(阳性),10μM谷氨酸(阳性)和去极化(55mM K+)(阳性)。通过具有灌流系统DAD-12的多阀,单输出病灶药物应用装置(ALA Scientific)来应用药理学试剂。比率成像表示为试验过程中荧光的相对变化相对于作为对照的背景荧光的百分数[如Sommer等人所述,2004]。在每次刺激事件中,可得到20个图象对。
1.3化学蛋白组学:哌仑西平亲和标志物的合成
使用哌仑西平作为合成靶向于蛋白质的不可逆的即共价连接的亲和试剂的起始结构。引入反应性-SCN基团,它与该化合物结合部位的赖氨酸或其附近的赖氨酸相结合。生物素化的连结物用于富集结合的蛋白质。合成在共同未决的US-申请60/588,354和60/620,323中有详细描述,将其通过参考引入本文。在附图1a中描述了合成流程图。被用作亲和试剂的终产物为氰硫基11-[2-(4-biocytinyl-哌嗪-1-基)-乙酰基]-5,11-二氢-苯并[e]吡啶并[3,2-b][1,4]二氮杂-6-酮,(11)。
1.4哌仑西平第二结会位点鉴别和表征
采用亲和试剂11与由D3 ES细胞和其它细胞株的细胞粗提物的级分中获得的靶蛋白共价结合,随后用1D PAGE,免疫染色和质谱法分析亲和纯化物。
1.4.1分级,分离,Western印迹,质谱
随后的分级,分离,和更进一步分析是按照公布的常规方法(Sommer等人,2004)进行。使用商购的抗-PARP抗体用于Western印迹。如近期其它文献所述(Vogt等人,2003,Cahill等人,2003)使用质谱法独立鉴别哌仑西平标记的蛋白质。
单克隆抗-PARP抗体购自BD BioScience(Cat#556362;cloneC2-10),二抗-小鼠碱性磷酸酶共轭物购自Sigma(Cat#A9316)。NBT/BCIP-western印迹检测试剂购自Roche Diagnostics(Cat.#1681451)。Western Lightening CDP-Star化学发光检测试剂盒由PerkinE1mer提供(Cat.#NEL616001KT)。对于抗-PARP Western印迹试验,在10%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上将蛋白质分离,并转印至硝酸纤维素上。用在含0.1%Tween 20的Tris缓冲生理盐水中的5%脱脂奶粉封闭印迹。在4℃使用1∶1000的稀释脱脂奶粉TBS-T将抗-PARP抗体孵育过夜。随后将印迹用TBS-T冲洗3次。以1∶1000稀释物来使用二抗以进行NBT/BCIP检测,以1∶5000稀释物使用二抗以进行CDP-Star检测。将不同的含有SIR2级分的凝胶转印至硝酸纤维素膜上并进相应地使其显影。
以下抗体用于SIR-2染色:一抗:A-SiR 2(Upstate,biomol 07-131;Lot:22073);5%BSA/1xTBST 1∶5000稀释物;二抗:A-兔PE(A-0545),5%BSA/1xTBST 1∶1000稀释物。
相应地使用由Alexis获得的抗体到Cox-2染色,(ALX-210-711-1)抗-COX-2(环加氧酶-2),兔,多克隆,1∶1000稀释物;二抗为抗-兔-AP(Sigma,A3937,1∶1000)。
使用多克隆抗-iNOS,Alexis,1∶1000进行iNOS染色。印迹用TBS/1.0%Tween冲洗,将其与适当的二抗-辣根过氧化酶共轭物(抗-兔IgG,Sigma,1∶2000)孵育。
1.4.2 PARP抑制试验
按照供货商的说明书使用R&D系统(Cat.No.TA4669)进行PARP抑制测定。
1.4.3 SIR2活性测定
对于SIR2活性,按照制造商的说明书(CycLex Co.,Ltd.1063-103Ohara,Tera-Sawaoka Ina,Nagano 396-0002 Japan)使用用于NAD依赖的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶活性的定量试验试剂盒CycLexSIR2 Assaykit(Cat#CY-1151)。对SIR测定中所有试验物质对赖氨酰内肽酶活性的影响进行交叉检验。对于对照,使用已经去乙酰基的底物肽来直接测定赖氨酰内肽酶的活性。
1.4.4神经元和非神经元细胞的炎症试验模型
在哌仑西平和相关化合物存在和不存在的情况下通过使细胞暴露于100ng/ml脂多糖(LPS,E.coli 0111:B4 LPS,Sigma)60min对3T3成纤维细胞,A549细胞,V56胚胎干细胞和神经分化V56胚胎干细胞进行相同的LPS攻击。用1D聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的抗Cox-2和抗iNOS抗体染色通过Western印迹进一步研究细胞团粒。
2.结果
2.1哌仑西平对化学性局部缺血的神经保护作用
附图2显示哌仑西平和LS-75在方法部分所述功能模型中的神经保护作用。
尽管对照细胞存活率为4.8±3.4%(在化学性局部缺血后第一次刺激的细胞数:189,第二刺激的细胞数),但哌仑西平处理的细胞存活率为72.1±4.4%(在化学性局部缺血后第一次刺激的细胞数为68,第二次刺激的细胞数49)(附图2b)。在下半部分(附图2f)对哌仑西平和LS-75在三种不同功能模型中的神经保护作用进行了总结:按所述诱发化学性局部缺血,通过100μM NMDA(或100μM HCA,如Sommer等人,2004)诱发兴奋毒性细胞死亡,通过10μM[β]-淀粉状蛋白1-40(Bachem,Germany)诱发神经元死亡;所有三种攻击均诱发初期的钙超载,明显地这将会启动促细胞凋亡和促炎症事件,最终导致神经元功能障碍和细胞死亡。如附图2c所示,通过对细胞级分的Western印迹应用或不应用哌仑西平/LS-75,对细胞凋亡标志物PARP-1和炎症性标志物Cox-2进行染色。附图2d和2e提供了有关这些试验统计的附加信息。
2.2 PARP作为哌仑西平靶点的确证
我们然后如附图1所示继续合成反应性的哌仑西平衍生物;使用哌仑西平作为合成靶向于蛋白质的不可逆的即共价连接的亲和试剂的起始结构。反应性的-SCN基团结合到在所述化合物的结合部位或其附近的赖氨酸(lysins)。生物素化的连结物用于富集结合的蛋白质。使用最终的亲和试剂,氰硫基-11-[2-(4-biocytinyl-哌嗪-1-基)-乙酰基]-5,11-二氢-苯并[e]吡啶并[3,2-b][1,4]二氮杂-6-酮(化合物(11),附图1)与由从D3胚胎干细胞的粗提物的级分中获得的靶蛋白共价结合,随后用1D PAGE(附图3a),免疫染色和质谱法分析亲和纯化物。银染色凝胶的MALDI-TOF分析表明在浓集的级分中存在PARP-1和SIR-2,这分别被相应的具有单克隆抗-PARP抗体(在113和89kD的区带,附图3b)和抗SIR-2特异性抗体(110kD,附图3c)的1D凝胶的Western印迹染色所证实。
在亲和标志物孵育中,将0.5ml NP40干细胞提取物(2.3mg蛋白质)与1μM亲和标志物在37℃孵育60分钟。通过NAP10凝胶过滤法除去剩余的亲和标志物。将反应混合物结合至抗生蛋白链菌素琼胶糖上。在室温用洗脱缓冲液(2%SDS,62.5mM Tris-pH6.8)洗脱10分钟,在95℃下洗脱10分钟。对于与PARP结合,使用鼠单克隆抗体(BD Biosciences1∶2000)。抗-鼠碱性磷酸酶抗体共轭物(1∶1000和NBT/BCIP底物)用作检测抗体。
2.3 PARP抑制试验
在附图4a中显示的SIR-2和PARP-1活性酶试验揭示虽然亲和标志物与两种蛋白质均发生相互作用,但是哌仑西平和LS-75均为PARP-1抑制剂,IC50值分别为200和18μM,并且其似乎对SIR-2也有抑制作用,但是仅在高浓度时才有作用,IC50值超过1-5mM。附图4中的表格包括对照组:在我们的测试中烟酰胺抑制SIR-2的IC50值大约为55μM,在我们的测试中典型的PARP-1抑制剂如菲啶酮的IC50值为7μM,与先前的报导一致(North,BJ.,Verdin,E.Sirtuins:SIR2-related NAD-dependentprotein deacetylases.Genome Biol.5,224f,2004;Southan GJ,Szabo C.Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors.Curr Med Chem.2003 Feb;10(4):321-40)。
优选的适合于本发明的结构相关的化合物的进一步实例为:
·6H-吡啶并[2,3-b][1,4]苯并二氮杂-6-酮(PBD或LS-75),
(PARP1抑制试验和基于细胞的神经保护测定中使用的核心结构)
·Danfenacin氢溴化物(EnablexTM,Novartis,M3毒蕈碱拮抗剂,2004年上市)
·阿伐美林酒石酸盐(Lu25-109T,Lundbeck,M1毒蕈碱激动剂,M2和M3毒蕈碱拮抗剂,由于对AD台疗无效,在III期临床研究中断)
·Impatropium(M1,M2和M3拮抗剂,支气管扩张药)
·Tiotropium溴化物(Spiriva,Boehringer,M1,M2和M3拮抗剂,支气管扩张药,2001-2上市)
·甲氧氯普胺,毒蕈碱拮抗剂(非选择性),多巴胺D2拮抗剂
·二盐酸替伦折平,Sigma,
·氯氮平,
·奈韦拉平
·哌苯偶酯,Sigma
·QNB,Sigma
2.4.炎症性攻击后(暴露于LPS)的一般的神经保护作用
我们用100ng/ml脂多糖(E.coli 0111:B4 LPS,Sigma)刺激3T3成纤维细胞(附图5a),A549细胞(附图5b),未分化V56胚胎干细胞(附图5c)和神经分化V56胚胎干细胞(附图5d)60分钟。通过适当抗体染色1D PA凝胶的Western印迹我们再次定量了作为炎症性标志物鱼Cox-2和iNOS的表达。结果显示哌仑西平和相关物质如LS-75可保护细胞免于LPS诱发的死亡(附图5a-d),ii)这种保护作用伴随有可诱导的炎症性标志物iNOS和Cox-2表达的减少(与附图2相似,未显示)。采用台盼蓝染色评价细胞存活率。
2.5.哌仑西平和相关物质的作用对于富含胆固醇的膜区域的影响/依赖
除了直接影响PARP-1和SIR-2,这些物质似乎通过瞬变的膜区域,富含胆固醇的脂筏发挥作用,其被认为是在多种相关信号通道中重要的一种(Cuschieri J.Implications of lipid raft disintegration:enhanced anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype.Surgery.2004Aug;136(2):169-75;Chu CL,Buczek-Thomas JA,Nugent MA.Heparansulphate proteoglycans modulate fibroblast growth factor-2binding through a lipid raft-mediated mechanism.Biochem J.2004Apr 15;379(Pt2):331-41;Argyris EG,Acheampong E,Nunnari G,Mukhtar M,Willlams KJ,Pomerantz RJ.Human immunodeficiency virustype lenters primary human brain microvascular endothelial cellsby a mechanism involving cell surface proteoglycans independentof lipid rafts.J Virol.2003 Nov;77(22):12140-51;Nagy P,Vereb G,Sebestyen Z,Horvath G,Lockett SJ,Damjanovich S,ParkJW,Jovin TM,Szollosi J.Lipid rafts and the local density ofErbB proteins influence the biological role of homo-andheteroassociations of ErbB2.J Cell Sci.2002 Nov 15;115(Pt22):4251-62)。
在附图6中我们显示在“脂筏”分解的条件哌仑西平和相关物质如PBD/LS-75的神经保护作用没有发生(附图6a;β-甲基-环化糊精或者非律平),我们推断哌仑西平和相关物质如PBD/LS-75至少在某种程度上需要富含胆固醇的膜筏存在。
2.6细胞条件下PARP的抑制
使用特异性抗聚-ADP-核糖基化蛋白质的抗体(一抗:抗聚(ADP-核糖)抗原;小鼠,Biomol;Cat#SA-216;二抗:抗小鼠,AP:SigmaA9316)在细胞条件下进行PARP抑制作用的半定量测定。如附图8所见,通过KCN/葡萄糖缺失造成的神经元细胞局部缺血损伤(在方法部分描述)诱发具有这种抗体的染色的显著增加,特别是在100-250kD范围内的许多蛋白质。通过加入神经保护浓度的LS-75可以逆转这种作用;这里我们分别显示了在由于1和10μM LS-75的存在所导致的局部缺血损伤过程中聚-ADP-核糖基化蛋白的减少。这些作用的IC50值在1μM以下(大约0.3μM)。
总之,在R&D测定中,使用了组蛋白混合物和生物素化的NAD及重组的单体PARP-1;IC50为~20μM。在细胞条件下PARP-1聚-ADP-核糖基化了许多核内蛋白质,包括拓扑异构酶1,14-3-3g和PARP-1自身。因此,在细胞条件下PARP-1的自我修饰和二聚作用可以调节其活性,并且与PARG(聚-ADP-核糖基葡萄糖羟化酶)有紧密的相互作用。
通过适宜的Western印迹来定量聚-ADP-核糖基化蛋白质完全符合剂量应答关系和体外神经保护的时间范围(time frames),因此我们推断R&D测定试验仅仅部分反映了PARP-1的活性的细胞条件。
2.7通过血脑屏障的哌仑西平和相关化合物
测定了哌仑西平和它的代谢物LS-75的血脑屏障(BBB)通过率。如附图6所示,在局部缺血过程中例如LS-75的神经保护作用似乎依赖于(脂筏形成的)的胆固醇的存在,因为胆固醇消耗剂甲基-b-环化糊精防止了神经保护作用。这与这些脂筏在基础的信号传导中发挥关键作用的想法一致(参见附图7)。如附图9所示,我们使用了常规HPLC检测(根据Dusci等人,(2002)J.Chromatogr.B,773,191ff.和Huq等人,(2003)Simplified method development for the extraction of acidic,basicand neutral drugs with a single SPE sorbent-strata X;PhenomenexInc.Torrance,CA,USA;Application note SPE/TN-004)来定量哌仑西平和两种代谢物(去甲-哌仑西平和LS-75)在试验动物血浆和脑脊液(CSF)中的浓度。对于这些试验,给各组32只大鼠给予50mg/kg哌仑西平或LS-75,3小时或6小时后处死,然后收集它们的血浆和CSF(共128只动物);可以获得关于哌仑西平药动学和生物利用度信息,这些试验基础原则的文献是例如:Jaup and Blomstrand,1980,Scand.J.Gastroenterol.66,35ff;Homon等人,1987,Therapeutic DrugMonitoring 9,236ff)。
我们的结果显示哌仑西平和去甲哌仑西平在血浆中的峰浓度在2-3小时,在大鼠中似乎实际上这两种物质没有进入脑部(附图10)。在另一组动物实验中,在经口管饲50mg哌仑西平和LS-75之前,我们用美伐他汀以0.15mg/天的浓度预处理相同的一组试验大鼠14天,美伐他汀为一种抗生素,可作为3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰基辅酶A还原酶的潜在抑制剂,该酶为胆固醇生物合成的限速酶。我们发现哌仑西平,去甲哌仑西平和LS-75在血浆中的浓度高于约50%,但CSF中LS-75的浓度更低(数据未显示)。这表明哌仑西平分布到富含胆固醇的膜部分,这可能也与LS-75通过BBB有关。
2.8体外神经保护作用
如附图11所示当直接应用LS-75时,有大量LS-75通过BBB;关键点是即使应用哌仑西平,但是达峰时间更长,我们可以在脑部观察到不断增加的代谢物LS-75。换句话说,哌仑西平用作将活性更强的PARP-1抑制剂LS-75运送至脑部的载体;这是一种完全新颖的原理:哌仑西平潜在地毒蕈碱结合位点恰好用来将整个分子(在外周没有很高的抗PARP-1活性)靶向至富含胆固醇的脂筏,随后将分子活性部分(这里指代谢物和PARP-1抑制剂LS-75)递送入脑部。我们主张相关物质有双重方式,一部分结合至富含胆固醇的脂筏或筏蛋白(这里指毒蕈碱受体),随后使整个分子的活性部分通过BBB,这样使PARP-1抑制剂(LS-75)在脑部富集。
在与创伤性脑损伤(TBI)有关的体内实验中,我们显示了创伤对侧神经元的神经保护作用。在TBI中,经常出现损伤对侧的继发神经变性,这可能是由于钙/谷氨酸驱动的促细胞凋亡机制。
该模型使用硬脑膜钻孔术造成直接休克,按照以下方案处理动物:载体,LS-75,开始实验时每组8动物,2只备用动物;损伤44小时后将动物处死,通过FLB(固罗克沙尔蓝)和EMAP(内皮,单核细胞,激活肽)染色确定终末点的存活率,损伤后体征,损伤大小。给药:损伤前2小时i.p.100mg/kg;损伤后2小时i.p.40mg/kg;损伤后8小时i.p.40mg/kg;损伤后17小时i.p.40mg/kg;损伤后25小时i.p.40mg/kg;损伤后34小时i.p.70mg/kg;配方:使用研钵和研杵制备将LS-75的DMSO浆料(非溶液),研磨时缓慢加入生理盐水溶液,使DMSO的终浓度达到4%。该混悬液在室温保存,该制剂用于持续研究。注射体积可随注射剂量变化而改变,100mg/kg的注射体积为4mL/kg。
相应的结果如图12和图13所示。在试验动物模型中诱发创伤性脑损伤(TBI)44小时后,与载体对照相比,在LS-75处理的动物中继发性损伤减少大约50%。在第44小时EMAP产生了清晰的细胞标记。EMAP标记很大程度上与损伤的直接区域有关。一位“处于盲法的(blinded)的”神经生理学家进行了一项分析,提出:“在一组中的EMAP染色似乎仅限于损伤区域,但是在另一组中染色更分散,与脉管相联系”。在空白载体组观察到分散的染色。
形态学染色HE和罗克沙尔固蓝对显示对侧脑半球的细胞改变很有用。但是罗克沙尔固蓝可产生更容易观察的染色,因此这里以它为主。LFB染色的增加表明细胞正在转化,可能反应了磷脂的活动化并因此反应了神经元损伤。
2.9结论
我们的结果清楚的显示哌仑西平和相关化合物,特别是PBD/LS-75与PARP结合并作为PARP抑制剂。
哌仑西平和相关化合物如LS-75的这种特性以前是未知的,可以得出结论,在医学应用中哌仑西平和相关化合物可用作细胞保护剂。由于双重作用方式(M1毒蕈碱受体)抑制和PARP抑制),这些化合物相对于单纯PARP抑制剂具有优良的特性。
这些化合物及其他相关化合物的细胞保护特性一定程度上是由于迄今未知的双重作用方式,称为毒蕈碱/PARP方式。这种新的混合型活性可用于现有化学文库的新高通量筛选以鉴别用于治疗上述不同适应症的新细胞保护剂。
通常,本发明涉及用于预防或治疗炎症性疾病的具有双重M1/PARP1调节活性的化合物的细胞保护特性。
实施例2
SIR2抑制或相互作用
1.材料和方法
1.1SIR2活性试验
对于SIR2活性测定,按照制造商的说明书(CycLex Co.,Ltd.1063-103 Ohara,Tera-Sawaoka Ina,Nagano 396-0002 Japan)使用用于NAD依赖的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶活性的定量试验试剂盒CycLexSIR2Assay kit(Cat#CY-1151)。
1.2Western印迹
将由含有不同SIR2级分的获得的凝胶按照常规操作转印至硝酸纤维素膜上。使用增强化学发光(ECL)使蛋白质显影。以下抗体用于Sir2染色:一抗:A-SiR2(Upstate,biomol 07-131;Lot:22073);5%BSAr/1xTBST 1∶5000稀释物;二抗:A-兔PE(A-0545),5%BSA/1xTBST1∶1000稀释物。
2.结果
2.1SIR2与哌仑西平亲和标志物的相互作用,SIR2作为哌仑西平作用靶点的确证
附图3c显示按照实施例1制备的哌仑西平亲和标志物与SIR2不可逆地结合,并使得这种另外的靶蛋白富集,这通过用特异性抗体免疫染色V56细胞提取物的1D凝胶得到证明。详见附图3的说明。
2.2SIR2活性试验
如Sommer等人(2004)和所述的商购获得的SIR2活性试验所述使用由鼠胚胎干细胞获得的粗提物,记录以下值,与没有用这些药物处理的粗提物对比。
SIR-2活性试验结果见图4。很显然,哌仑西平和PBD/LS-75与SIR-2结合,具有弱的抑制作用。这为相应的相关化合物新的结构/活性关系研究的筛选开创了途径。
2.3结论
我们的结果清楚地显示哌仑西平和相关结构物质与SIR-2结合并可作为弱的SIR-2抑制剂。
哌仑西平和相关化合物的这种特性以前是未知的。由于这种作用方式,这些化合物可用作细胞保护剂,而且相对于单纯PARP抑制剂具有优良的特性。
因此,本发明通常也涉及具有组合的M1/PARP1/SIR2调节活性的细胞保护特性。此外,这些物质似乎通过称为脂筏的富含胆固醇的膜区域来调节它们的作用,如图6所示。因此它们通常通过其起作用或靶向于与这些脂筏,例如神经调节蛋白,硫酸肝素结合蛋白,NMDA受体,烟碱性受体,GABAA受体,ErbB受体和其它受体有关的特异性蛋白质的装配。脂筏装配总结如图7所示。
实施例3
在LPS攻击和化学性局部缺血神经元和非-神经元细胞中Cox-2和iNOS的表达
在此处描述的不同细胞损伤模型中,我们总是观察到初期的细胞钙超载,随后导致凋亡细胞死亡,同时伴有凋亡和促炎症性标志物,如Cox-2的增加(参见附图2c和相应的LPS试验结果)。
结论
在一方面哌仑西平和相关化合物如PBD/LS-75的神经元保护作用,更为通常的是细胞保护作用似乎是通过PARP-1和SIR-2结合与抑制来介导,在另一方面似乎需要与所谓脂筏中蛋白质复合物相关的膜的特异性组装。
在所述物质范围中在这里应用的所有不同细胞攻击的共同特征是初期的细胞毒性钙超载现象,随后发展到炎症和细胞凋亡事件,这可通过PARP-1/iNOS/cox-2染色来证明。因此,本发明包括这些物质在所有疾病适应症中作为治疗物的用途,其中治疗钙超载和炎症/细胞凋亡事件被认为发挥主要作用或潜在地起决定性作用。这包括与阿尔茨海默氏症,帕金森氏症,创伤性脑损伤,ALS,多发性硬化症,偏头疼和慢性疼痛综合征及其它上述非神经元的疾病有关的炎症性病症。
其他参考文献
1.Cahill MA,Wozny W,Schwall G,Schroer K,Holzer K,Poznanovic S,Hunzinger C,Vogt JA,Stegmann W,Matthies H,Schrattenholz A.(2003).Analysis of relative isotopologueabundances for quantitative profiling of complex proteinmixtures labelled with the acrylamide/D3-acrylamide alkylationtag system.Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2003,17:1283-1290。
2.Sommer S,Hunzinger C,Schillo S,Klemm M,Biefang-ArndtK,Schwall G,Pütter S,Hoelzer K,Schroer K,Stegmann WSchrattenholz A(2004)Molecular analysis of homocysteicacid-induced neuronal stres s.Journal of Proteome Research 3(3),572-581。
3.Okabe S,Forsberg-Nilsson K,Spiro AC,Segal M,McKay RDG.Development of neuronal precursor cells and functionalpostmitotic neurons from embryonic stem cells in vitro.Mech Dev.59:89-102,1996
4.Kume T,Nishikawa H,Taguchi R,Hashino A,Katsuki H,Kaneko S,Minami M,Satoh M,Akaike A.Antagonism of NMDAreceptors by sigma receptor ligands at tenuates chemicalischemia-induced neuronal death in vitro.Eur J Pharmacol.455:91-100,2002
5.Shevchenko A,Wilm M,Vorm O,Mann M.(1996).Massspectrometric sequencing of proteins silver-stainedpolyacrylamide gels.Analytical Chemistry.1996;68:850-858
6.Vogt JA,Schroer K,Holzer K,Hunzinger C,Klemm M,Biefang-Arndt K,Schillo S,Cahill MA,Schrattenholz A,MatthiesH,Stegmann W.(2003).Protein abundance quantification inembryonic stem cells using incomplete metabolic labelling with15N amino acids,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisationtime-of-flight mass spectrometry,and analysis of relativeisotopologue abundances of peptides.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom.2003;17:1273-1282。
7.Vuong GL,Weiss SM,Kammer W,Priemer M,Vingron M,Nordheim A,Cahill MA,(2000)Improved sensitivity proteomics bypostharvest alkylation and radioactive labelling of proteins.Electrophoresis,2000;21:2594-2605。
8.Bakondi E,Bai P,Erdelyi K,Szabo C,Gergely P,Virag L.Cytoprotective effect of gallotannin in oxidatively stressedHaCaT keratinocytes:the role of poly(ADP-ribose)metabolism.Exp Dermatol.2004 Mar;13(3):170-8。
9.Bai P,Bakondi E,Szabo E,Gergely P,Szabo C,Virag L.Partial protection by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitorsfrom nitroxyl-induced cytotoxity in thymocytes.Free Radic BiolMed.2001 Dec 15;31(12):1616-23。
10.Virag L,Szabo C.Purines inhibit poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activation and modulate oxidant-induced cell death.FASEB J.2001 Jan;15(1):99-107。
Claims (18)
1.式I的化合物
其中A和B为任选含有至少一个选自N,S和O的杂原子的五元或六元环,其中该环任选被卤代,C1-C4-(卤代)-烷基,C1-C4-(卤代)-烷氧基,氨基,C1-C4-烷基-氨基,或二(C1-C4-烷基)氨基单取代或多取代
W是S,O,NR1或CHR1
R1是氢,Y或COY,
R2是氢或C1-C4-(卤代)-烷基,和
Y是C1-C6(卤代)烷基,或C3-C8环-(卤代)-烷基,其中烷基或环烷基任选被含有至少一个选自N,S和O的杂原子的五元或六元环所取代,其中该环任选被卤代,C1-C4-(卤代)烷基,C1-C4(卤代)烷氧基,氨基,C1-C4-烷基氨基,二(C1-C4-烷基)氨基或Z单取代或多取代,
其中Z是ω位被基团N(R4)2取代的C1-C6(卤代)烷基,其中每个R4独立为氢,C1-C8烷基,或CO-C1-C8-烷基或其中两个R4一起构成任选含有至少一个另外的选自N,S和O的杂原子的五元或六元环,其中该环任选被卤代,C1-C4(卤代)-烷基,和C1-C4(卤代)烷氧基单取代或多取代,
或其盐或衍生物用于制备预防或治疗与炎症性成分有关的疾病的药剂的用途。
2.权利要求1的用途,用于制备预防或治疗炎症或与炎症有关的肺部疾病的药剂。
3.权利要求1或2的用途,用于制备预防或治疗上皮变性或上皮炎症性病症,特别是预防和/或治疗与炎症性成分有关的肺部疾病例如严重败血病,急性肺损伤,急性呼吸窘迫综合症,囊性纤维化,哮喘,过敏性鼻炎,COPD或肺癌的药剂。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的用途,用于制备预防或治疗囊性纤维化,特别是具有功能不全的囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子(CFTR)Cl-通道的病人的药剂。
5.权利要求1的用途,用于制备预防或治疗胃肠系统的溃疡或其它炎症或与炎症有关的病症,特别是具有功能不全的囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子(CFTR)Cl-通道的病人的药剂。
6.权利要求1的用途,用于制备预防或治疗参与癌症预防或进程的炎症或与炎症有关的过程的药剂。
7.权利要求1的用途,用于制备预防或治疗参与自身免疫疾病例如类风湿关节炎和系统性红斑狼疮的炎症或与炎症有关的过程的药剂。
8.权利要求1的用途,用于制备预防或治疗炎症或与炎症有关的疼痛的药剂。
9.权利要求1的用途,用于制备预防或治疗炎症或与炎症有关的眼部疾病的用途。
12.权利要求1-11任一项的用途,其中R1是Y并且Y为C3-C8-环(卤代)烷基。
13.权利要求1-11任一项的用途,其中R1是COY,Y选自
-(CHR7)q-R8
其中R7是氢,卤代或C1-C4-(卤代)烷基,
q为1-4的整数,优选为1,和
R8为任选含有至少一个杂原子的五元或六元环,其中该环任选为如权利要求1定义的C1-C4(卤代)烷基,ω-氨基-取代的烷基Z单取代或多取代。
15.权利要求1-14任一项的用途,其中式I的化合物选自哌仑西平,LS-75,奥腾折帕,AQ-RA741,奈韦拉平,BIBN 99,DIBD,替仑西平及其盐或衍生物。
16.为(i)M1毒蕈碱受体抑制剂和(ii)PARP抑制剂的化合物用于制备预防和/或治疗与炎症性成分有关的疾病,例如肺部疾病,例如严重败血病,急性肺损伤,急性呼吸窘迫综合症,囊性纤维化,哮喘,过敏性鼻炎,COPD或肺癌,疼痛或眼部疾病的药剂的用途。
17.为(i)M1毒蕈碱受体抑制剂,(ii)PARP抑制剂,和(iii)SIR2调节剂的化合物用于制备预防和/或治疗与炎症性成分有关的疾病,例如肺部疾病,例如严重败血病,急性肺损伤,急性呼吸窘迫综合症,囊性纤维化,哮喘,过敏性鼻炎,COPD或肺癌,疼痛或眼部疾病的药剂的用途。
18.权利要求16或17的用途,其中该化合物为中等强度的PARP抑制剂。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58835404P | 2004-07-16 | 2004-07-16 | |
| US60/588,354 | 2004-07-16 | ||
| US60/620,323 | 2004-10-21 | ||
| US60/656,379 | 2005-02-28 | ||
| US60/656,378 | 2005-02-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101005844A true CN101005844A (zh) | 2007-07-25 |
Family
ID=38704547
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200580027833 Pending CN101005845A (zh) | 2004-07-16 | 2005-07-18 | 具有parp和sir调节活性的作为细胞保护剂的毒蕈碱拮抗剂 |
| CN 200580027832 Pending CN101005844A (zh) | 2004-07-16 | 2005-07-18 | 具有parp和sir调节活性的作为炎症性疾病治疗剂的毒蕈碱拮抗剂 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200580027833 Pending CN101005845A (zh) | 2004-07-16 | 2005-07-18 | 具有parp和sir调节活性的作为细胞保护剂的毒蕈碱拮抗剂 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN101005845A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105456273A (zh) * | 2014-09-02 | 2016-04-06 | 杭州雷索药业有限公司 | 奈韦拉平在制备抗炎药物中的应用 |
| CN106243096A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 上海璃道医药科技有限公司 | 三环类药物的新用途 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103044419A (zh) * | 2012-09-04 | 2013-04-17 | 苏州弘森药业有限公司 | 一种合成盐酸哌仑西平的方法 |
-
2005
- 2005-07-18 CN CN 200580027833 patent/CN101005845A/zh active Pending
- 2005-07-18 CN CN 200580027832 patent/CN101005844A/zh active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105456273A (zh) * | 2014-09-02 | 2016-04-06 | 杭州雷索药业有限公司 | 奈韦拉平在制备抗炎药物中的应用 |
| CN106243096A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 上海璃道医药科技有限公司 | 三环类药物的新用途 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101005845A (zh) | 2007-07-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8039464B2 (en) | Muscarinic antagonists with PARP and SIR modulating activity as agents for inflammatory diseases | |
| US8426398B2 (en) | Conjugates of noscapine and folic acid and their use in treating cancer | |
| US20160272619A1 (en) | Neuroprotective Compounds and Use Thereof | |
| US20180228812A1 (en) | Therapeutical uses of eslicarbazepine | |
| US20220362251A1 (en) | Treatment of tachycardia | |
| EP3177621B1 (en) | Novel hdac6 inhibitors and their uses | |
| CN101005844A (zh) | 具有parp和sir调节活性的作为炎症性疾病治疗剂的毒蕈碱拮抗剂 | |
| Squires et al. | Clozapine and some other antipsychotic drugs may preferentially block the same subset of GABAA receptors | |
| HK1112177A (zh) | 具有parp和sir调节活性的作为炎症性疾病治疗剂的毒蕈硷拮抗剂 | |
| US20100249172A1 (en) | 9-chloro noscapine and its use in treating cancers, including drug-resistant cancers | |
| Stolarczyk et al. | Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of new derivatives of renin inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists, and the methods of their determination | |
| HK1108827A (zh) | 具有parp和sir调节活性的作为细胞保护剂的毒蕈硷拮抗剂 | |
| US20230302013A1 (en) | METHOD OF TREATING VIRAL-INDUCED COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION BY TARGETING LEAKY RyR2 CHANNELS | |
| Kaushik et al. | 5 Phosphodiesterase | |
| Kaushik et al. | Phosphodiesterase: A Safe and Potential Target for Anti-Alzheimer's Therapeutics | |
| Can et al. | The blood-brain barrier: a focus on neurovascular unit components | |
| Anti | Adefovir Dipivoxil Anti-HIV |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 1112177 Country of ref document: HK |
|
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Open date: 20070725 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: WD Ref document number: 1112177 Country of ref document: HK |