CN101426584A - Method and apparatus for fine distribution and expulsion of irritants or warfare agents - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and a device for distributing and discharging irritants or combatants. By means of the invention, solid and liquid combatants and irritants are sprayed into large indoor or outdoor areas by means of a propellant gas (1) via a pipe system (3 to 9). The substances are conveyed to their outlets (10 to 15) in liquid form in a liquefied gas solution or liquefied gas emulsion and are discharged using the kinetic energy of the liquid, so that the irritants or combatants are finely distributed by evaporation of the liquefied gas and the accompanying expansion.

Description

Method and apparatus for finely distributing and expelling irritants or warfare agents

The invention relates to a method and a device for finely distributing solid and liquid combat or stimulant agents via a system of pipes in large indoor or outdoor areas for the defense of persons.

Background technique

Known spraying devices for stimulants and agents use a propellant gas, such as a propane/butane mixture, or the propellant gas R 134 A known from nebulizers, in order to force the stimulants and agents out of storage containers.

During this process, the booster gas evaporates and is discharged in the immediate vicinity of the storage container or is conducted as gas to the outlet.

The discharge at the storage container only allows a limited spray range due to the spray distance of each storage container. As far as the subsequent lines are concerned, the booster gas draws energy from the storage container and the valves and lines for its evaporation and heating, so that there can only be short release intervals in order to avoid freezing. The efficacy of such devices is limited to relatively small releases.

Subsequent lines of booster gas containing combat or stimulant agents are very limited due to deposition of the combat agent or stimulant in the line and due to the low throughput of the gas through the line system.

A further disadvantage with respect to the subsequent lines for distribution of the admixture of the gas and its release part is the small kinetic energy of the gas proportional to the surface of the subsequent line, which can cause strong turbulence due to ambient air and This leads to a slowdown in which the accuracy of the determined admixture distribution is very imprecise. For example, condensation droplets may be produced.

Due to the two physical properties of admixture deposition and gas turbulence, known pipe distribution systems have an extremely limited useful length (depending on gas and pressure) and a short effective release distance.

Thus, DE 44 24 772 A1 describes an automatic irritant gas injection device for an alarm system, in which the bottle is mechanically opened so that the irritant gas is discharged from the bottle directly into the ambient air. There is no subsequent pipeline for gas.

Utility model document DE 202 01 265 U1 describes an automatic CS gas spray mechanism, in which the irritating gas is sprayed from a storage container via a short nozzle and the irritating gas mixture is discharged into the ambient air by a blower. The device is therefore also unsuitable for distribution in large indoor and outdoor areas.

Equally, in the utility model document DE 299 23948 U1 of the device that is used to deter offenders, the irritating gas is directly discharged into the ambient air from the reserve bottle.

In EP 0524313 B1, a propellant distribution system for spraying medicaments in large spaces is proposed. Also in this solution, the booster medium is forced into the distribution line in gaseous state, so that no long effective distance can be achieved at the injection nozzle, which is likewise definitely not desirable.

Finally, EP 0425300 B1 describes a dosing and discharge system for spraying additives (insecticides). The booster medium (preferably carbon dioxide) will enter the piping system in liquid state and mix with the additive via a mixing circuit.

Continuous delivery of booster gas through the system has not been possible in the liquid state. Since the pressure in the sample cylinder is greatly reduced, the line freezes immediately before pressure equilibrium is established. An inserted throttle point not only causes this problem, but it additionally reduces the discharged energy. In addition, the entire amount of additives must be mixed before being discharged to the environment.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to propose a method and a device for finely distributing and discharging irritants or combat agents, in which a long effective distance can be achieved even in the open air with the aid of a booster gas to achieve In order to be able to add a minimum amount of active substance to a large volume of air without pressure drop even with long lines and to avoid line icing even with long release intervals.

This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1 and by a device with the features of claim 11 . Advantageous refinements and designs are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, solid and liquid warfare agents and stimulants can be sprayed over large effective distances in large indoor areas or outdoor areas by means of a pipeline system in which the stimulants or warfare agents are boosted by liquefaction The gas solution or liquid gas emulsion is transported to its outlet in liquid form, and then discharged from the outlet or injection nozzle using the kinetic energy of the liquid, so as to finely distribute the stimulant or combat agent through the evaporation and accompanying expansion of the liquefied gas.

A fine distribution is a distribution in which the size of the droplets is below a value commonly referred to as fog.

In order to incorporate the stimulant and combat agent into the liquid propellant gas, the stimulant or combat agent must first be dissolved in the liquefied gas or in a solvent which in turn is dissolved in the liquefied gas. However, it is also possible to incorporate stimulating or combating agents which are not themselves soluble in the form of emulsions.

In order to mix the liquid stimulating or combating agent into the liquid booster gas, a mixer is provided which adds the stimulating or combating agent in metered form to the liquid booster gas when the device is switched on.

Mixing can be done by spraying into a pump or using another liquid under pressure in which the irritant or warfare agent is dissolved.

The mixer and the line cross-section of the entire line system should be dimensioned in such a way that no pressure drop and thus no freezing of the lines can occur.

In order not to cause a pressure drop and thus prevent premature evaporation and thus prevent line icing, the line cross-section towards the injection nozzle is compared to the initial cross-section of the line supply from the compressed gas container narrowed. This means that all distributors and branches should be dimensioned such that the cross-section of the incoming line is at least equal to the sum of the cross-sections of the subsequent lines. This ensures the generation of a vaporized dynamic head which prevents the formation of undesired gas bubbles and ensures that the liquid is neither swirled nor vaporized during its delivery to the injection nozzle. The spray mist by which the stimulant is finely distributed in the ambient air is not produced until after it has been ejected from the nozzle.

By making the ambient temperature very high with respect to the evaporation temperature of the liquid booster gas, direct contact with a large surface can be achieved between the liquid booster gas and the ambient air for heating, which is accompanied by a strong energy exchange. The irritant or fighting agent is vaporized and finely distributed at the discharge nozzle of the liquid gas jet over the entire length of the emerging liquid gas jet by intensive heating.

The stimulant or combat agent clouds thus produced of the liquefied gas jet are thrown far into space due to their high liquid kinetic energy (initial kinetic energy).

Evaporation of the liquid booster gas due to the preceding pressure drop is prevented by the narrowing of the cross section towards the injection nozzle.

Since the kinetic energy of the booster gas is greater than that of the liquid or greater than that of the liquid mist, a longer discharge distance is achieved compared to gas delivery with a lower kinetic energy. By the sudden evaporation of the liquid gas in free ambient air, the irritants or combat agents are distributed by means of expansive forces due to the high energy exchange potential in the ambient air.

Detailed ways

A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1 .

The block diagram shown in Figure 1 shows an irritant or combat agent distribution device in which the irritant or combat agent is delivered from a storage container 2 to multiple 10 to 15 injection nozzles. In this exemplary embodiment, two sets of injection nozzles 10 , 11 , 12 and 13 , 14 , 15 are provided. These groups can be activated selectively via the 2/2-way valves 19 , 20 .

Through the 2/2 reversing valve 18 , the liquid booster gas is pressed from the liquefied gas bottle 1 into the pipeline 3 and delivered to the mixer 16 . At the inlet of the mixer 16 , at a branch point 21 , a part of the booster gas is branched off from the line 3 via the line 4 with a non-return valve 22 for the pressure build-up in the stimulant container 2 . The non-return valve 22 serves to prevent the backflow of the booster medium gas necessary for the pressure build-up in the irritant or combat agent container 2 .

Controlled by the 2/2 reversing valve 17 and the pressure limiting valve 23 , the booster gas pressure presses the liquid irritating gas into the mixer 16 through the pipeline 5 . In order to effectively mix the stimulant or combat agent with the propellant gas, at the inlet of the line 3, into the mixer 16 there is a pressure-relief nozzle, which reduces the magnitude of the pressure, as branched at point 21 .

In the present exemplary embodiment, the device is designed in such a way that either the right nozzle group 10 , 11 , 12 or the left nozzle group 13 , 14 , 15 can be activated. To this end, valves 17 , 18 , 19 or valves 17 , 18 , 20 must be opened simultaneously.

Through this arrangement and corresponding dimensioning of the lines 3 to 9, the booster gas can be delivered in liquid form from the booster gas bottle 1 and the stimulating or combating agent from the stimulating or combating agent container 2. Nozzles 10 to 15. Due to the incompressibility of the liquid, no pressure loss occurs.

[List of Reference Signs]

1 gas bottle for booster gas, compressed gas container

2 stimulant or combat agent container

3 booster gas delivery pipeline

4 Booster gas branch pipeline

5 Irritant gas delivery line

6 Piping to the left valve group

7 Piping to the right valve bank

8 Piping to the left injection nozzle

9 Piping to the right-hand injection nozzle

10 injection nozzle

11 Injection nozzle

12 injection nozzle

13 Injection nozzle

14 Injection nozzle

15 injection nozzle

16 mixer

17 2/2 reversing valve

18 2/2 reversing valve

19 2/2 reversing valve

20 2/2 reversing valve

21 Hybrid circuit branch point

22 check valve

23 Pressure limiting valve

24 Hybrid circuit

Claims (17)

1. A method for distributing and discharging an irritant or a combat agent, wherein the irritant or combat agent is sprayed by means of a booster gas, characterized in that - the booster gas is withdrawn from the reserve pressure vessel (1) in liquid form and conveyed further through lines (3-9), so that the booster gas withdrawn from the reserve pressure vessel (1) The amount of is distributed at a plurality of injection nozzles (10-15) proportional to the number of branched pipelines (3-9); - mixing an irritant or combat agent in liquid form into said liquid booster gas before distribution to said injection nozzles (10-15); - For finely distributing the irritant or combat agent in the ambient air, use is made of the vaporization and accompanying expansion of the liquid gas at the ejection nozzles ( 10 to 15 ). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the irritant or combat agent is dissolved in the liquefied gas. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the stimulating or combating agent is present dissolved in a solvent. 4. The method of claims 2 and 3, wherein the liquefied irritant or combat agent is dissolved in a liquefied gas. 5. A method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the insoluble irritant or combat agent is added to the liquefied gas as an emulsion via a solvent. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stimulating agent or combat agent is metered in liquid form to the booster gas in liquid state when the injection process is initiated. 7. The method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that a portion of the propellant gas is used as propellant medium for metering the stimulating or combat agent. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the stimulating or combating agent is injected by a pump. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the ambient temperature is high relative to the vaporization temperature of the liquid booster gas, so as to ensure a fine distribution of the irritants or warfare agents in the booster gas And carry out sudden evaporation. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the booster gas is ejected as a liquid jet at the ejection nozzle (10-15) with high kinetic energy and expands immediately thereafter. 11. An apparatus for distributing and expelling an irritant or combat agent to a plurality of injection nozzles (10-15) by means of a booster gas through a branched piping system (3-9), characterized in that, - said booster gas from the compressed gas container (1) and said irritant and combat agent from irritant bottle (2), in liquid state can be delivered to said piping system (3-9), And can be transported through the pipeline system (3-9); - the cross-section of the pipeline (6-9) narrows from said compressed gas container (1) towards said injection nozzle (10-15) for realizing a dynamic head; - A mixer (16) for introduction into the booster gas is provided on the line (3) input from the compressed gas container (1). 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the cross-section of the inlet line (3) at the booster gas bottle (1) is at least equal to the cross-section (3-9 )Sum. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the amount of the stimulating or combating agent in liquid form is controllable. 14. Apparatus according to claims 11 and 13, characterized in that, for the introduction of said stimulant or combat agent into said booster gas, an injection pump is provided. 15. The device as claimed in claims 11 and 13, characterized in that, in order to introduce and control the stimulant and combat agent delivered from the stimulant bottle (2), there is a 2/2 reversing valve (17 ) and the mixing circuit (24) of the pressure limiting valve (23). 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the irritant or combat agent is dissolved in a solvent dissolved in the liquefied gas. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the insoluble irritant or combat agent is added to the liquefied gas as an emulsion via a solvent.

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