CN101491829B - Casting technique of grain refined solid manganese steel frog of long life - Google Patents
Casting technique of grain refined solid manganese steel frog of long life Download PDFInfo
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- ZFGFKQDDQUAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron niobium Chemical compound [Fe].[Fe].[Nb] ZFGFKQDDQUAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及高锰钢整铸辙叉的制造技术，具体地说是一种长寿命、细晶化的高锰钢整铸辙叉的铸造工艺方法。它适用于2吨以下，各种型号和规格的高锰钢整铸辙叉的制造过程。包括：1)冒口采用保温冒口；2)钢水高温出炉，出炉后在精炼包内进行吹氩气、喂丝精炼；3)在精炼包内进行微合金化，添加钼、铌、钒、钛；4)浇注之前在型腔中充氩气，在氩气保护下进行浇注；5)采用热打箱工艺，并热割冒口，切割后热送进入热处理窑，进行均匀化处理。本发明通过氩气保护减少了金属液的氧化，在精炼包内精炼使金属液纯净化，同时微合金化细化晶粒、弥散夹杂物分布。从而，解决了高锰钢整铸辙叉晶粒粗大、缩孔、微裂纹、使用寿命短等问题。The invention relates to a manufacturing technology of a high manganese steel monolithic frog, in particular to a casting process of a long-life, fine-grained high manganese steel monolithic frog. It is suitable for the manufacturing process of high manganese steel monolithic frogs of various models and specifications under 2 tons. Including: 1) The riser adopts thermal insulation riser; 2) The molten steel is released from the furnace at high temperature, and then refined in the refining ladle by argon blowing and wire feeding; Titanium; 4) Fill the cavity with argon gas before pouring, and pour it under the protection of argon gas; 5) Adopt the hot-boxing process, and heat-cut the riser, and send it into the heat-treatment kiln for homogenization after cutting. The invention reduces the oxidation of molten metal through argon protection, purifies the molten metal by refining in a refining ladle, and at the same time micro-alloys to refine crystal grains and distribute inclusions. Thus, problems such as coarse crystal grains, shrinkage cavities, micro-cracks, and short service life of high-manganese steel full-cast frogs are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacturing technology of solid manganese steel frog, specifically the casting technique of the solid manganese steel frog of a kind of long-life, grain refining.It is applicable to below 2 tons, the manufacture process of the solid manganese steel frog of various models and specification.
Background technology
Railway is the main artery of national economic development, is bearing a large amount of passenger transports and freight transportation task.The operation of railway highly effective and safe, track are to ensure, and railway switch is the key component of railroad track, also is consumable accessory.One of country that China is world's railway transporting amount, density is bigger, 1.1～1.8 groups/Km of track switch quantity average out to, system-wide track switch is more than 150,000 groups, and wherein main track 60kg/m rail track switch is 3.35 ten thousand groups.Railway frog is the chief component of track switch, the core that railway frog and rolling rail are connected to form track switch.Therefore, railway frog is the chief component of track switch.At present, railway frog 95% on the rail track adopts the high manganese steel casting of block cast, on average has only the goods amount of crossing about 100,000,000 tons at present the service life of traditional railway track switch, the track switch of main line railway is approximately annual to be changed once, and electric seam ways such as Qun Dynasty's line branch off replacing in per 3～4 months once, have had a strong impact on efficient, the safe operation of China railways system.
The research of potassium steel has the history in more than 150 year, has the advantages that wearability is good, toughness is high, compares with other steel grade, and crack resistance is strong, and safety and stability is best suited for making the steel grade of railway switch.But the conventional process techniques of potassium steel in smelting, casting, heat treatment process falls behind, cause that crystal grain is thick in the track switch manufacture process, inclusion content is high, loose and the micro-flaw defective is serious, the improper carbide of Technology for Heating Processing is separated out seriously, in use, initial stage abrasion are fast, these problems affect the service life of potassium steel track switch.The solid manganese steel frog of producing by the present invention has advantages such as intensity height, life-span length, satisfies the strategic demand of railway construction in China high speed and heavy loading.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the casting technique of the solid manganese steel frog foundry goods of a kind of long-life, grain refining, solve problems such as the solid manganese steel frog casting crystalline grain is thick, shrinkage cavity, micro-crack, produced the solid manganese steel frog of grain refinement, intensity height, long service life; Adopt advanced refining techniques and alloying process to improve material property, railway solid manganese steel frog mechanical property has had large increase, σ b 〉=910MPa, ak 〉=190J/cm
2, δ 〉=46%.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The present invention has developed the casting technique of a kind of long-life, grain refining solid manganese steel frog, comprises the steps:
1) rising head adopts insulated feeder, and the rising head ratio of height to diameter is (2.5～3.5): 1.0;
2) molten steel high temperature is come out of the stove, and tapping temperature is 1600 ± 25 ℃, carries out blowing argon gas refining outside the stove in the refining bag, strict control phosphorus, sulfur content, P≤0.025%, S≤0.010%;
3) carry out microalloying in the refining bag, add molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, titanium, addition is respectively 0.10～0.05% of a molten steel weight;
4) the interior microalloying temperature of refining bag is 1560 ± 20 ℃, and pouring temperature is 1500 ± 25 ℃, and cast is applying argon gas in die cavity before, pours into a mould under argon shield;
5) adopt hot shake-out technology, after casting pouring finished, foundry goods solidified shake out in the 20～60min of back fully; And heat cuts rising head, and the cutting after heat is fed into heat treatment kiln, carries out homogenising and handles, and homogenization temperature is 1050 ± 10 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4～6h.
Described step 1), insulated feeder are column type, insulated feeder wall thickness 〉=25mm.
Described step 2), in the refining process, argon pressure is 0.1～0.5MPa, pressure pipeline internal diameter Φ 10～20mm, and 0.5～1 minute/ton molten steel of argon blowing time is fed the silk amount and is 0.3～1% of pour steel gross weight.
Described step 3), the alloy that adds in the refining bag are common molybdenum-iron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and ferrotianium.
The alloy size of adding in the described step 3), refining bag should be controlled at the block structure within 15～25mm.
Described step 4), alloy should be baked to 120～150 ℃ before adding the refining bag to, baking 20～40min.
Described step 4) during alloying, should evenly be placed on alloy the middle and lower part of refining bag, forbids and will throw still alloy.
Described step 5) adopts hot shake-out technology, and the foundry goods body temperature is not less than 700 ℃ during shake out, and heat is cut the rising head temperature and is not less than 500 ℃.
The present invention is applicable to below 2 tons, the manufacture process of the solid manganese steel frog of various models and specification.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. the present invention comes out of the stove by high temperature, has reduced gas and the field trash in the molten metal by technology such as Argon, hello silks, makes pureization of molten metal, significantly improves the quality of solid manganese steel frog.
2. the present invention is by carrying out alloying to potassium steel, significantly refinement the crystal grain of high manganese steel casting, reduce the field trash size simultaneously, make field trash be disperse and distribute, help simultaneously suppressing separating out of grain boundary carbide, significantly improved casting quality.
3. the present invention pours into a mould under argon shield by applying argon gas in the die cavity, has significantly alleviated the secondary oxidation of solid manganese steel frog, alleviates the secondary inclusion thing in the foundry goods greatly.
4. solid manganese steel frog is because crystal grain is thick, and shrinkage cavity, casting flaw such as loose in use, are easy to wearing and tearing, and generally speaking, the goods of solid manganese steel frog is no more than 1.2 hundred million tons by gross weight.Adopt the solid manganese steel frog goods of grain refining of the present invention can reach 200,000,000 tons by gross weight.Therefore, this technology has obtained railway user's abundant affirmation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a solid manganese steel frog casting technique schematic diagram; Wherein, 1 is cast gate, and 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 is the insulated feeder of foundry goods, and 13 is cross gate.
Fig. 2 is a field trash distribution situation in the common solid manganese steel frog foundry goods.
Fig. 3 is for to obtain field trash distribution situation in the solid manganese steel frog foundry goods by the present invention.
Fig. 4 (a)-Fig. 4 (b) is common solid manganese steel frog casting crystalline grain distribution situation; Wherein, Fig. 4 (a) is common solid manganese steel frog foundry goods root crystal grain distribution situation figure; Fig. 4 (b) is common solid manganese steel frog foundry goods middle part crystal grain distribution situation figure.
Fig. 5 (a)-Fig. 5 (b) is for to obtain solid manganese steel frog casting crystalline grain distribution situation by the present invention; Wherein, Fig. 5 (a) is for to obtain solid manganese steel frog foundry goods root crystal grain distribution situation figure by the present invention; Fig. 5 (b) is for to obtain solid manganese steel frog foundry goods middle part crystal grain distribution situation figure by the present invention.
Fig. 6 (a)-Fig. 6 (b) is the high manganese steel frog schematic diagram of producing by the present invention; Wherein, Fig. 6 (a) is the front schematic view of solid manganese steel frog; Fig. 6 (b) is the schematic rear view of solid manganese steel frog.
The specific embodiment
A kind of long-life of the present invention, the concrete operations of grain refining potassium steel block cast process for manufacturing cast article are as follows:
1) material is prepared: common molybdenum-iron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and ferrotianium, alloy size are in the block structure of 15～25mm, and alloy should be baked to 120～150 ℃ before adding the refining bag to, baking 20～40min.
2) equipment is prepared: the special-purpose microalloy of throwing in is thrown instrument and roasting plant.
3) molten steel is smelted: molten steel high temperature is come out of the stove, and tapping temperature is 1600 ± 25 ℃, carries out blowing argon gas refining outside the stove in the refining bag, strict control phosphorus, sulfur content, P≤0.025%, S≤0.010%.
In the refining process, argon pressure is 0.1～0.5MPa, pressure pipeline internal diameter Φ 10～20mm, and 0.5～1 minute/ton molten steel of argon blowing time is fed the silk amount and is 0.3～1% of pour steel gross weight, feeds silk and is refining Si-Ca silk commonly used, and its effect is deoxidation, refining.
4) strict control pouring temperature, pouring temperature is 1500 ± 25 ℃.High manganese steel frog is when selecting pouring temperature, and the short and small fusion cast frog pouring temperature of size is taken off limit, larger-size complicated fusion cast frog pouring temperature capping.
5) microalloy addition: when refining, add element wt content and be 0.05～0.1%, 1560 ± 20 ℃ of refining temperatures.
6) microalloy adding method: use to throw funnel alloy evenly is placed on the middle and lower part of refining bag, evenly place, forbid and to throw still alloy.
7) foundry goods is handled: adopt hot shake-out technology, in order to reduce the tension of foundry goods, casting temperature is not less than 700 ℃ during shake out.Adopt Methods of OFC-A to carry out heat and cut rising head, cutting temperature is not less than 500 ℃, and the cutting after heat is fed into heat treatment kiln, carries out homogenising and handles, and homogenization temperature is 1050 ± 10 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4～6h.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The molten steel tapping temperature is 1590 ℃, 10.1 tons of casting of molten metal weight, in the refining bag, carry out refining, in the refining process, argon pressure is 0.2MPa, pressure pipeline internal diameter Φ 10mm, 1 minute/ton molten steel of argon blowing time, feed the silk amount and be 0.4% of pour steel gross weight, feed silk and be refining Si-Ca silk commonly used.Remove to be mingled with and then carry out microalloying under 1550 ℃ of temperature, add molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, titanium, the addition element weight ratio is respectively 0.05%.5 of railway frogs of cast, railway frog casting technique schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, cast gate 1 and the cross gate 13 that is communicated with cast gate 1 are positioned at foundry goods one side, need the position of feeding that insulated feeder 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 is set in cast top.1490 ℃ of pouring temperatures, cast be applying argon gas in die cavity before, pours into a mould under argon shield, and the employing ratio of height to diameter is 2.5: 1 a insulated feeder, insulated feeder wall thickness 30mm, and riser height is 250mm.Foundry goods adopts hot shake-out technology, and foundry goods solidifies shake out in the 20～60min of back fully, carries out heat with Methods of OFC-A and cuts rising head, heat is cut 500 ℃ of rising head temperature, and the cutting after heat is fed into heat treatment kiln, carries out homogenising and handles, homogenization temperature is 1050 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4.5h.Mainly adopt high temperature to come out of the stove, helped the alloying and the refinery practice of molten metal.Utilize the computer simulation means reasonably to design rising head shape and rising head position.Carry out microalloying in the refining bag, the refinement casting crystalline grain reduces field trash size and disperse field trash and distributes, and improves casting quality.The high manganese steel frog foundry goods has several places sand holes at gate end, and has pore, but these defectives are all within the range of work of foundry goods, and genus can be removed defective.Foundry goods after the processing does not have defective through flaw detection, and casting quality is good.
In the present embodiment, the alloy ultimate constituent is as follows: C:1.1%; Si:0.46%; Mn:12.8%; Mo:0.05%; Nb:0.051%; V:0.053%:Ti:0.052%; S:0.008%; P:0.022%; Al:0.012%; All the other are Fe.
Among the present invention, adopt the computer simulation means reasonably to design rising head shape and rising head position." computer modeling technique " can be referring to Chinese invention patent application (publication number: a kind of mold filling process of casting analogy method of CN 1388444A) mentioning.And, Chinese invention patent application (publication number: a kind of high manganese steel casting grain refinement casting technique of 200810011501.4) mentioning.
The present invention adopts microalloying and refinery practice, and solid manganese steel frog foundry goods field trash size significantly reduces, and pureization of foundry goods significantly improves, and the railway frog field trash that Fig. 2 produces for common process distributes, and the field trash size is big, skewness.The high manganese steel frog field trash distribution situation of Fig. 3 for adopting the present invention to produce, field trash is tiny, and disperse distributes.The crystallite dimension of foundry goods significantly reduces in addition, uniform crystal particles.Thereby the performance of high manganese steel casting is significantly improved, σ b 〉=910MPa, ak 〉=190J/cm
2, δ 〉=46%.The railway frog casting crystalline grain pattern that Fig. 4 (a)-Fig. 4 (b) produces for common process, crystal grain is thick.The grain refining casting crystalline grain pattern of Fig. 5 (a)-Fig. 5 (b) for adopting the present invention to produce, crystal grain is tiny, even.
Embodiment 2
The molten steel tapping temperature is 1600 ℃, 10.3 tons of casting of molten metal weight, in the refining bag, carry out refining, in the refining process, argon pressure is 0.3MPa, pressure pipeline internal diameter Φ 15mm, 0.6 minute/ton molten steel of argon blowing time, feed the silk amount and be 0.5% of pour steel gross weight, feed silk and be refining Si-Ca silk commonly used.Remove to be mingled with and then carry out microalloying under 1560 ℃ of temperature, add molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, titanium, the addition element weight ratio is respectively 0.08%.5 of cast railway frogs, railway frog casting technique schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1.1500 ℃ of pouring temperatures, cast be applying argon gas in die cavity before, pours into a mould under argon shield, and the employing ratio of height to diameter is 3: 1 a insulated feeder, insulated feeder wall thickness 35mm, riser height 220mm.Foundry goods adopts hot shake-out technology, and foundry goods solidifies shake out in the 20～60min of back fully, carries out heat with Methods of OFC-A and cuts rising head, heat is cut 550 ℃ of rising head temperature, and the cutting after heat is fed into heat treatment kiln, carries out homogenising and handles, homogenization temperature is 1040 ℃, and temperature retention time is 5h.Mainly adopt high temperature to come out of the stove, helped the alloying and the refinery practice of molten metal.Utilize the computer simulation means reasonably to design rising head shape and rising head position.Carry out microalloying in the refining bag, the refinement casting crystalline grain reduces field trash size and disperse field trash and distributes, and improves casting quality.The high manganese steel frog foundry goods has several places sand holes at gate end and end, but these defectives are all within the range of work of foundry goods, and genus can be removed defective.
In the present embodiment, the alloy ultimate constituent is as follows: C:1.05%; Si:0.44%; Mn:13.2%; Mo:0.078%; Nb:0.082%; V:0.083%:Ti:0.084%; S:0.007%; P:0.021%; Al:0.013%; All the other are Fe.
The molten steel tapping temperature is 1610 ℃, 10.2 tons of casting of molten metal weight, in the refining bag, carry out refining, in the refining process, argon pressure is 0.5MPa, pressure pipeline internal diameter Φ 20mm, 0.5 minute/ton molten steel of argon blowing time, feed the silk amount and be 1% of pour steel gross weight, feed silk and be refining Si-Ca silk commonly used.Remove to be mingled with and then carry out microalloying under 1570 ℃ of temperature, add molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, titanium, the addition element weight ratio is respectively 0.1%.5 of cast railway frogs, railway frog casting technique schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1.1480 ℃ of pouring temperatures, cast be applying argon gas in die cavity before, pours into a mould under argon shield, and the employing ratio of height to diameter is 3.5: 1 a insulated feeder, insulated feeder wall thickness 40mm, riser height 230mm.Foundry goods adopts hot shake-out technology, and foundry goods solidifies shake out in the 20～60min of back fully, carries out heat with Methods of OFC-A and cuts rising head, heat is cut 530 ℃ of rising head temperature, and the cutting after heat is fed into heat treatment kiln, carries out homogenising and handles, homogenization temperature is 1060 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4h.Mainly adopt high temperature to come out of the stove, helped the alloying and the refinery practice of molten metal.Utilize the computer simulation means reasonably to design rising head shape and rising head position.Carry out microalloying in the refining bag, the refinement casting crystalline grain reduces field trash size and disperse field trash and distributes, and improves casting quality.High manganese steel frog cast(ing) surface, subsurface all are mingled with less than finding, surface quality of continuous castings is good.Foundry goods is not found defective through flaw detection, and casting quality is intact.
In the present embodiment, the alloy ultimate constituent is as follows: C:1.04%; Si:0.45%; Mn:13.2%; Mo:0.09%; Nb:0.10%; V:0.12%:Ti:0.11%; S:0.009%; P:0.021%; Al:0.013%; All the other are Fe.
The course of work of the present invention and result:
In smelting process, carry out external refining and alloying because the present invention adopts, reduced being mingled with and gas in the molten metal, in casting process, carried out argon shield, reduced the secondary inclusion thing in the foundry goods, guaranteed the pure of molten metal; Utilize the rising head of computer modeling technique design to play the feeding effect effectively, eliminated defectives such as the shrinkage cavity in the foundry goods, crackle, produced high-performance foundry goods, see Fig. 6 (a)-Fig. 6 (b) without any defective.
Claims (5)
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| CN102409138B (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-05-22 | 芜湖山桥铁路器材有限公司 | A manufacturing process of alloy steel for track frogs |
| CN104060194A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-09-24 | 南通东方科技有限公司 | Fine-grain centrifugal casted high manganese steel sleeve |
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| CN110000336B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-12-22 | 包头市神润高新材料股份有限公司 | Hot charging and hot delivery casting method adopting graphite mold |
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| CN101491829A (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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