CN101504199A - Low cost solar tracing and novel thermal circulation method - Google Patents
Low cost solar tracing and novel thermal circulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to low-cost solar tracking and a new thermal cycle method, and belongs to the field of solar thermal application and thermodynamic cycle electricity generation or refrigeration. The solar link tracking adopts a link mechanism and other synchronous link systems; one array of solar energy conversion devices only need a set of tracking control system and can be used for solar energy collection, solar photovoltaic power generation and a reflecting mirror light-concentrating system; the dynamic heat pipe thermodynamic cycle can transfer heat efficiently, has wide range of application, and can be used for simple steam-electric power and refrigeration; and the thermal boost type thermodynamic cycle carries out cycle operation according to the process of water replenishing, heating and lifting pressure, feeding water to a system, decompression and water re-replenishing and can be used for the steam-electric power, the refrigeration, an external combustion engine, magnetohydrodynamics power generation and the like. The low-cost solar tracking and the new thermal cycle method can realize the solar utilization, heat transmission, energy conversation and power generation with low cost and high efficiency, and play an important role in improving an energy structure and the environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the solar energy thermal-power-generating field, comprise that the solar energy of the synchronous interlock tracking sun utilizes method, solar energy reflection mirror condenser system, adopting heat pipes for heat transfer and solar thermal power generation etc.
Background technology
Solar energy heating at present is very fast with generation technology development ratio, mainly comprise two kinds of solar energy power generating (solar cell) and solar energy thermal-power-generatings, but common problem still is the cost of electricity-generating height, the cost of raw material of the former crystalline silicon is difficult to break through, no matter the latter is dish formula or slot type reflecting condensation or tower plane reflection optically focused, general thinking is that single heat collector maximizes, independent tracking system, result are that complicated heavy collecting system also always is difficult to performance for the very low solar energy of energy-flux density and falls cost advantage.The heating power unit of solar energy thermal-power-generating employing at present is all on the low side because of realizing the big capacity high parameter thermal efficiency, adopt the therrmodynamic system of Stirling circulation can improve some generating efficiencies, but that its internal gas working medium sealing wait some technical problems still to solve the bad cost of can not generally using at present is also very high.Though some solar energy thermal-power-generating pilot projects represent that the every degree electric energy of cost of electricity-generating drops to about 1 yuan at present, also has far distance can urgently wish to solve low-cost use of the requirement of energy and environment pressure from the whole society comprehensively.
Heat pipe is because utilize the phase transition process heat transfer of evaporation and condensation and have high heat transfer efficiency, therefore the use field is more and more wider, also bringing into play increasing effect in field of solar energy utilization, heat transfer capacity is little, because of producing capillary power, the tube core that must increase the pore material makes complicated cost height, function singleness, heat transfer distances is limited, and the use field is limited.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention: simplify solar tracking heat collection system and heat power generating system, propose simple high efficiency low-cost solar utilization and method for electric generation using solar energy.
Technical scheme of the present invention: the present invention adopts synchronous interlocking system to follow the tracks of the sun, adopts the power heat pipe to increase the heat transfer efficiency of Solar Energy Heat Utilization System, adopts circulation of power heat pipe or heating power boost type thermodynamic cycle electricity generation system, specifically comprises following content:
One, a kind of solar energy of the synchronous interlock tracking sun utilizes method, is made up of helioplant, helioplant bracing frame, drive unit and control system etc.Helioplant is supported by hinged bracing frame, according to arranged in arrays, connects by synchronous interlinked mechanism mutually, drags the synchronous deflection of synchronous interlinked mechanism by drive unit and follows the tracks of the sun.Helioplant is separately hinged or divide on the parallel axes (or approximate parallel) that is assembled in support can be respectively with parallel axes deflection, and the rotating shaft of support is set to angle vertical with parallel axes or that other is suitable.Synchronization link mechanism adopts the year tracking of North and South direction and the two dimension of following the tracks of the day of east-west direction to drive respectively, is specially one of following three kinds of modes:
A) year synchronous interlinked mechanism of tracking and day are followed the tracks of synchronous interlinked mechanism drive separately;
B) a year tracking drive unit is installed on ground, and a day tracking drive unit is installed on the moving member of year tracking system, perhaps the two opposed;
C) connecting rod of year synchronous interlinked mechanism of tracking adopts the connected mode that can twist, increasing the rocking arm that installs on the connecting rod is connected with day synchronous interlinked mechanism of tracking by space bindiny mechanism, connecting rod translation control year tracking, twisting is followed the tracks of controll day, perhaps, the driving of year tracking and day tracking is respectively by above-mentioned opposite way layout.
General power set also can adopt simple constant speed to drive the artificial semi-automatic mode of in good time adjusting by control system control.
Such tracking system can be used for various heat collectors, also can be used for solar cell.When helioplant is plane mirror or concave mirror, concave mirror is a continuous curve surface or when being combined by less level crossing, can realize planar concentrating or almost plane optically focused, so-called planar concentrating is meant that focal point is arranged in the optically focused plane of forming through the sunray of bracing frame deflection rotating shaft, bracing frame is followed the tracks of the synchronous deflection of sunray, the average deflection speed of reflective mirror on bracing frame is that sunray is in 1/2nd of optically focused plane intrinsic deflection speed, the reflective mirror of diverse location is installed to satisfy reverberation always towards focal point with different deflection phase differences, and organize planar concentrating can be by the synthetic various solar energy tracking and condensing of array group system more.
Two, a kind of power heat pipe circulatory system, be called for short the power heat pipe, adopt the structure of pipeline circulation, the pipeline loop structure that the inlet of heater (to the common name of power heat pipe heat absorbing end) and outlet connect and compose working medium with the outlet and the inlet of condenser (to the common name of power heat pipe release end of heat) respectively, working medium flows to condenser and quantity of heat given up condensation after heater absorbs heat of vaporization, at condenser the reverse check (non-return) valve of check is housed to the return line of heater and (comprises the magnetic valve of non-return valve or electronic control and motor-driven valve etc., here be commonly referred to as check (non-return) valve), filling part working medium in the whole circulation loop, the general hermetically sealed high vacuum of being pumped into, but the special circumstances that are communicated with atmosphere are arranged also, as in 100 ℃ of condensations, return duct or reflux tank can be that the atmosphere of a standard atmospheric pressure communicates with air pressure.
Internal pressure rises during the heater heating work, the reverse check of non-return valve is closed, can guarantee that heater produces enough pressure with the working medium evaporation and deliver in the condenser, therefore be called the power heat pipe, pressure reduces gradually after working medium evaporates in the heater, condensation working medium promotes the non-return valve forward conduction and is back to heater before the final non-return valve, then begins new circulation.
Three, the effective method that improves solar thermal power generation efficient is to improve the steam turbine initial conditions, both HTHP parameters, the little unit of the ordinary circumstance parameter that reaches a high temperature easily, and the principal element of restriction pressure parameter is the ability to work of feed pump, the more little pressure of its flow high efficiency more is low more, too high pressure also causes the volumetric loss of other link, so the always corresponding lower pressure initial conditions of little unit, and big capacity is very unpractical to solar electrical energy generation.
Realize the high parameter high-efficiency operation for realizing little unit or miniature unit, except that the circulation of power heat pipe, another kind of thermodynamic cycle without feed pump is proposed here, a kind of heating power boost type thermal circulation method, promote liquid working substance pressure by heating, adopt the positive displacement stepup transformer to replace booster (generally claiming feed pump), working medium is controlled the turnover of working medium and is satisfied following periodic duty process by valve by the Steam Heating in the circulation system or by other thermal source heating in the stepup transformer:
A. moisturizing, low pressure liquid working medium enters stepup transformer;
B. boost, stepup transformer sealing beginning heating is boosted after moisturizing is finished;
C. feedwater, when the pressure rising reached output pressure, stepup transformer was to circulatory system output highly pressurised liquid working medium;
D. decompression, stepup transformer begins the steam discharge decompression after output working medium is finished;
E. moisturizing again enters stepup transformer when pressure is reduced to the stylish low pressure liquid working medium of input pressure, begins the new heating power process of boosting.
Four, general solar steam electricity generation system all adopts Turbo-generator Set, the simpler electricity-generating method of another kind is that the hot merit conversion equipment adopts heating power jetting type hydromagnetic generating device, liquid working substance adopts conductor fluid, HTHP vapour-liquid working medium enters ejector and forms the high-speed jet of conduction through magnetic field intercepts magnetic line of force generation electric current, the location arrangements electrode output power of two side liquid processes in magnetic field.The present main direction of studying of magnetohydrodynamic generator is to be used for high-temperature flue gas to realize a part of electric power before providing heat for therrmodynamic system, such combination can improve total generating efficiency, if be used for being combined into the thermal power generation unit of totally-enclosed no rotary machine, can utilize engine exhaust to generate electricity again with the engine combination with heating power boost type circulation system.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. solar tracking system adopts synchronous interlinked mechanism, helping the larger area solar energy utilization system only realizes from the motion tracking sun with a cover tracking control system, mimi device for converting solar energy large tracts of land array distribution, center of gravity is can very low interlinked mechanism active force very little, simplification system significantly increases wind loading rating, thereby reduces the cost of unit capacity significantly.
2. help realizing the tracing collection mode of small size reflective mirror by the large tracts of land array distribution, not only help mimi Salar light-gathering heat utilization and heat generating, and help adopting high magnification optically focused and a plurality of synchronous interlock tracing collection to realize the solar engineering of high temperature high power, as the large-sized solar power station, solar energy metallurgical engineering etc.
3. the power heat pipe promptly has the efficient heat transfer advantage of general heat pipe, has powerful circulation power again, can high-drag circulate, can be in the process of efficient heat transfer outside outputting power, make each field more generally utilize the heat pipe efficient heat transfer, also created advantage for the generating of solar energy highly effective rate heat utilization heat.
4. the power heat pipe can adopt simple coil heater and condenser, can be simply to only being that the common metal circulation line adds a non-return valve and is evacuated and just can works, simple low-cost applied widely.
5. adopt the simple high efficiency noise of steam turbine engine of power heat pipe circulation low, the dynamical system that can adopt two or more a plurality of power heat pipe circulations to form a whole overcomes the influence of periodic cycle.
6. the power heat pipe circulates and heating power boost type thermal circulation method, overcome the constraint of little unit low-pressure parameter, be fit to the heat power generating system of the totally-enclosed high parameter high-efficiency vapor circulation of exploitation and the low pollution quiet engine of various uses, solar electrical energy generation, various UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, efficient power-saving environmentally friendly vehicle and power fields such as other car and boat even aircraft all there are important meaning, also can be used for steam jet refrigeration and heating power vaporation-type refrigerating field simplification system and raise the efficiency.
7. steam jet formula hydromagnetic generating device replacement Turbo-generator Set can make heating power boost type thermodynamic cycle electricity generation system further become the dynamical system of totally-enclosed no rotary machine.
8. the present invention forms the low-cost completely solution of a kind of solar energy utilization on the whole, the breakthrough of each link simultaneously has separately independently application again, energy-saving and cost-reducing from solar electrical energy generation, solar thermal utilization to numerous areas will exert far reaching influence to the environment and the energy resource structure of the whole society.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synchronous deflection way that device for converting solar energy is supported by single universal hinging bracing frame;
Fig. 2 is that a kind of two dimension moves the control driving mechanism;
Fig. 3 is two kinds of frame modes of the universal hinged mechanism in plane;
Fig. 4 is the universal hinged mechanism of combined flat surface;
Fig. 5 is the synchronous interlock schematic diagram of the universal hinged mechanism in several combinations formula plane arranged in arrays bracing frame;
Fig. 6 is the synchronous interlock schematic diagram of device for converting solar energy in the universal hinged mechanism of combined flat surface;
Fig. 7 is three kinds of synchronous interlinked mechanism schematic diagrames;
Fig. 8 is the synchronous interlock planar concentrating of the reflective mirror on a same bracing frame system schematic;
Fig. 9 is that the synchronous interlock of the reflective mirror bracing frame of a plurality of planar concentrating system is followed the tracks of the sunray schematic diagram;
Figure 10 is an a plurality of synchronous interlock planar concentrating system schematic perspective view;
Figure 11 is the synchronous interlock planar concentrating system schematic that downward secondary reflection is arranged;
Figure 12 has downward secondary reflection and primary event grouping planar concentrating schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is a power heat pipe circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 14 is that heater is a metal tube, and non-return valve adopts the miniature power heat pipe of steel ball;
Figure 15 is the condenser locations power heat pipe lower than heater;
Figure 16 is the arrangement that a kind of condenser structure helps the liquid working substance gravity reflux;
Figure 17 is that heater storage is bigger and increased the power heat pipe of the condensation water tank that matches;
Figure 18 is the power hot-pipe system that heater separates with its retaining water tank;
Figure 19 is two kinds of structures that boiler tail adopts the power heat-pipe air preheater;
Figure 20 is the generation driving force heat pipe;
Figure 21 is two circulating generation power heat pipes;
Figure 22 is the steam jet formula refrigeration system that adopts the circulation of power heat pipe;
Figure 23 is a heating power boost type thermodynamic cycle electricity generation system schematic diagram;
Figure 24 is the Turbo-generator Set of interior dress thin-walled sealing steel cylinder;
Figure 25 is the heating power boost type magnetohydrodynamic generator circulatory system;
Figure 26 is a heating power magnetic fluid jet pipe structure chart;
Figure 27 is the tandem heating power magnetohydrodynamic generator circulatory system.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the synchronous deflection way that device for converting solar energy 1 is as shown in Figure 1 supported by single universal hinging (forwards, backwards can deflection) bracing frame 2, connect the synchronous interlinked mechanism that the back forms parallel rod by connecting rod 3, be connected by the drive system of drive end 4 with control automatically, along with moving of drive end 4, all device for converting solar energy is with synchronous deflection.The day of branch east-west direction follows the tracks of and north and south is found to follow the tracks of in the year of direction because the tracking of the sun is moved, be two-dimentional, the two dimension that accompanying drawing 2 expression double-helical screw mechanisms can satisfy displacement output 5 moves, the rotating speed of controlling two screw rods by control system respectively just can make the two dimension of output 5 move the requirement of satisfying design rule, when its just can realize when driving input 4 in the accompanying drawing 1 is connected solar energy can conversion equipment from the motion tracking sun.In fact the driving mechanism of realizing two-dimentional transmission uses in the electromechanical integration field that very common form is various enumerates no longer one by one here.If by matrix arrangement in length and breadth, can being fixed with one mutually between the connecting rod 3 so, the device for converting solar energy of some becomes rack by a cover control system control.
Accompanying drawing 3 is two kinds of frame modes of the universal hinged mechanism in plane, and its advantage is that the bracing frame shaft axis is designed to the center of gravity by device for converting solar energy easily, makes mechanism's deflection lighter and handier simple.Accompanying drawing 4 is the universal hinged mechanisms of combined flat surface, and bracing frame 6 is installed one group of solar energy equipment by its parallel axes, makes two-dimentional interlinked mechanism simpler.Accompanying drawing 5 is that the universal hinged mechanism in several combinations formula plane is arranged in parallel, and forms the synchronous interlinked mechanism of parallel rod, and accompanying drawing 6 is synchronous interlock schematic diagrames of several device for converting solar energy in the universal hinged mechanism of combined flat surface.Accompanying drawing 7 is three all synchronous interlinked mechanism schematic diagrames, no matter it all is general being used for year tracking or day following the tracks of these mechanisms, wherein scheming A is the sliding-block linkage that screw rod promotes, figure B adopts the bolt and nut slide block mechanism, the limited nut of screw axial is with sliding hinged soon, the screw rod rotation is moved nut and is driven sliding fast and device for converting solar energy deflection, and figure C adopts chain-wheel mechanism, drives the sprocket wheel rotation that is connected with each device for converting solar energy by chain by power wheel 8.In addition, " connecting rod " of interlinked mechanism also can adopt cable, and an end of cable draws with fixing spring, and the other end is by the power set traction of control system, and perhaps similar accompanying drawing 7C changes chain into cable, and cable and power wheel and each sprocket wheel are hinged.The advantage that adopts the cable spring mechanism is that the device for converting solar energy distribution is freer.
The drive unit of the synchronous interlock tracking system of solar energy specifically can be one of following three kinds of modes:
A) a year tracking drive unit is installed on ground, and a day tracking drive unit is installed on year actuator of tracking drive unit as accompanying drawing 2, or is installed on the bracing frame of device for converting solar energy.
B) year tracking drive unit independently is installed on ground separately with a day tracking drive unit, and day tracking drive unit is connected with the synchronous interlinked mechanism of day tracking by space bindiny mechanism (ordinary circumstance is universal joint or other movable joint, also can cable spring mechanism).For example can increase the parallel torsion bar of following the tracks of with year of connecting rod (as the connecting rod in the accompanying drawing 5 7), each rocking arm on the torsion bar is followed the tracks of synchronous interlinked mechanism by space bindiny mechanism with each day and is connected, can drive following the tracks of day that torsion bar reverses each device for converting solar energy of control by accessory drive like this, in fact also can increase a spatial linkage and substitute torsion bar and follow the tracks of synchronous interlinked mechanism controll day.
C) connecting rod of year synchronous interlinked mechanism of tracking adopts the connected mode that can rotate twisting, increasing the rocking arm that installs on the connecting rod is connected with day synchronous interlinked mechanism of tracking by space bindiny mechanism, follow the tracks of the connecting rod translation control year tracking of synchronous interlinked mechanism year, twisting is followed the tracks of controll day, and so synchronous interlock tracking system can be simpler.Following the tracks of interlinked mechanism day is to adopt space torsion bar mechanism or spatial linkage to drive tracking accuracy all can be subjected to the influence that the year tracking is moved, suitable required precision is not high or adopt the passive tracking control system that sensor feedback is arranged, and perhaps adopts controller or computer software to calculate and control.
Obviously, all can exchange to follow the tracks of last year with day type of drive of tracking.The length of big or small every row of array (quantity of device for converting solar energy is not subjected to restricted number shown in each accompanying drawing) is determined by factors such as control accuracy requirement, bracing frame rigidity and costs of investment.The light sensation sensor of control system often has a lot of the application with following the tracks of control program or software category, does not do here and states more.
In a word, the interlock tracking system can be versatile and flexible synchronously, and its basic characteristics are the device for converting solar energy microminiaturization can be distributed in flakes, and interlock control reduces the unit capacity cost of investment significantly.
The solar energy of the sun of interlock tracking synchronously utilizes method can be used for solar cell power generation, also can be used for various solar energy heatings, as flat heat collecting, the vacuum tube thermal-arrest, dish formula or slot light collection and Fresnel Lenses etc., just the heating power pipeline of solar thermal utilization be connected with the external world from dynamic device for converting solar energy (heat collector) not too convenient, the way that solves is: the one, and heat collector adopts the power heat pipe to reduce the heating power pipeline diameter as far as possible, the 2nd, the heating power pipeline is connected with other heat collector and the external world along rotating shaft as far as possible, and the 3rd, need the link heating power pipeline of rotational deformation to adopt spiral tube structure.
Embodiment 2: the synchronous interlock planar concentrating of reflective mirror as shown in Figure 8 schematic diagram, focal point is arranged in the optically focused plane of forming through the sunray of bracing frame deflection rotating shaft, bracing frame is followed the tracks of the synchronous deflection of sunray, on the bracing frame on the yawing moment of reflective mirror 10 in the optically focused plane of diverse location with different deflection angle phase differences install with satisfy deflection synchronously follow the tracks of in the process of the sun with suitable deflection speed make reverberation in the optically focused plane always towards focal point (receiver) 11.In order to calculate minute surface " suitable deflection speed " and the relation of sunray in optically focused plane intrinsic deflection speed, represent sunray with a line among the figure, b is the minute surface normal, c is a reflection ray, d is the horizon, and e is a minute surface, and a, b, c and d are distributed in the optically focused plane.The angle of ad is angle of incidence of light Φ, and the angle of cd is angle of reflection θ, and the angle of bc is γ, and the deflection mirror surface angle is ω (among the figure mark) and the included angle X of ed supplementary angle each other.Because the angular bisector of the angle of incident light a and reverberation c must be minute surface normal b, so have
ω＝90°+(θ+γ)
γ＝(Φ-θ)/2
Result of calculation is
ω＝90°+(Φ+θ)/2
Because the normal condition reverberation always points to focal point, angle of reflection θ is a definite value, and the variation of ω is only relevant with variable Φ, just
This explanation, the deflection angle pace of change of this situation reflective mirror is 1/2 of a sunray deflection speed.When Φ=0
ω
0＝90°+θ/2
Because the size of θ is only relevant with the position of the relative focal point of speculum, its first dress angle ω of reflective mirror of diverse location is described
0Determine by reflector position.
The comprehensive above conclusion of analyzing is: the one group of speculum that is installed on the same bracing frame is just adorned the angle by ω
0=90 °+θ/2 install, and focal point is arranged in the plane of forming through the light of speculum bracing frame turning cylinder, and deflection speed is designed to 1/2 of sunshine deflection speed just can make reflection ray always towards focal point---receiver.In actual engineering, tracing process can be continuous also can be (moving once) of being interrupted but average speed need satisfy tracer request as small-sized condenser system a few minutes, the speculum on one group of optically focused plane and receiver and reflection ray needn't be in proper optically focused planes, even arranged side by side several groups of adjacent optically focused planes can be adopted the recipient of same focal point, when the speculum area than recipient area little can reduce of the influence of such optically focused deviation for a long time to actual effect, in addition, because year tracking range of deflection is little, the reflective mirror yawing axis can adopt approximate parallel as required, generally is almost plane optically focused in actual engineering therefore.
Obviously, if desired, planar concentrating grouping and setting reflective mirror phase difference can be provided with two or more diverse location receivers simultaneously in same optically focused plane, and mirror position can also can freely design in the optically focused plane on the same straight line as required.
For realizing that many group optically focused adopt the synchronous interlock of reflective mirror bracing frame of the system of a plurality of planar concentrating shown in the accompanying drawings 9 to follow the tracks of sunray, every group of speculum is along with bracing frame is pressed the synchronous deflection of the synchronous interlinked mechanism of parallel rod together, average speed is identical with the sunray deflection speed, the whole a plurality of synchronous interlock planar concentrating system in combination pattern that forms as shown in Figure 10, focal point can be set to be distributed in becomes " line focus " on the connecting rod 7, receiver such as heating power pipeline or solar cell etc. are distributed in just can have utilized solar energy on the connecting rod 7, also can be made as the mode that other needs.Like this, just can realize that by the following the tracks of in year of synchronous interlock tracking system of integral body various solar energy reflection optically focused utilize pattern with a day tracking.
Reflective mirror generally adopts level crossing reflective, and in order to obtain higher optically focused multiplying power, reflective mirror also can adopt continuous concave mirror, or is made of the reflective mirror of a combination concave surface littler level crossing.
Embodiment 3: as accompanying drawing 11 are synchronous interlock planar concentrating system schematic that downward secondary reflection is arranged, and increase high-order reflective mirror 12 and light is reflexed to level crossing earlier secondary reflect to receiver 11 downwards, make the solar energy high temperature heating more convenient.(always press the minute surface symmetry with a focus point) can be determined by the mirror image principle in the position of secondary reflection concentrating point, but the distance of reflection can not be too many otherwise high-order speculum large tracts of land very downwards.In order to adapt to more areas optically focused heating, can adopt the convex surface reflective mirror to prolong reflective distance downwards, this need reduce single mirror area of ground return mirror.For example, when the spot diameter that produces behind the optically focused is 1 meter,, single mirror area can prolong naturally if being reduced half downward reflective distance when high-order convex surface reflective mirror is amplified to 1 meter again with hot spot.Accompanying drawing 12 is to divide two groups with the ground return mirror, one group of reverberation directly focus on receiver platform 11 below, one group through high-order speculum 12 reflex to the receiver platform above, be used to the technology that needs top and bottom to heat simultaneously, as solar cooker and field of metallurgy.Also can a plurality of secondary reflections be combined into bigger reflecting condensation system and be used for the large high-temperature heating, in addition, the convex surface reflective mirror also can combine with littler plane mirror.
Embodiment 4: the simple power heat pipe circulatory system as shown in Figure 13, be filled with a part of working medium (can be water or other solution that is fit to) in the system, and being pumped into high vacuum seal makes working medium just can evaporate at lower temperature, the working medium start vaporizer expands and produces pressure when heater 22 is heated, non-return valve 21 is oppositely closed, working medium begins to flow to condenser 24, enter return duct 25 through being condensed into liquid state behind the condenser, its internal pressure descends gradually after working medium evaporates in the heater, the gas power pressure is near identical before and after the last condenser, whole loop becomes linker, and the interior liquid working substance promotion of return duct non-return valve forward conduction enters heater and begins new circulation.The figure of heater and condenser is that a kind of symbol of representing does not limit shape, structure and the connected mode in the practical application among the figure.
Accompanying drawing 14 is a kind of miniature power heat pipes, heater 22 adopts copper pipe directly to contact with thermal source, non-return valve 21 adopts simple little ball, the miniature heat transfer system that can be used for the heat radiation of computer CPU or power supply heat generating member etc., condenser directly adopts long thin copper pipe just passable, length that like this can be by increasing thin copper pipe or be welded to (comprises on special metallic heat radiating plate or computer and the power supply box shell) on the bigger heat sink and satisfies heat radiation, saves fan.
General working medium just can satisfy work by gravity reflux, and some large scale systems can adopt pump power to reflux, and specifically divide following four kinds of situations:
A) check (non-return) valve is housed, accompanying drawing 13 as described above.
B) two or more check (non-return) valves are housed, between two check (non-return) valves, recovery tank are housed.Increased non-return valve 26 as accompanying drawing 15, adapted to the condenser locations situation lower than heater.(size needs to decide because of system to be connected with reflux tank 25 between two non-return valves, hour replace) by pipeline, and make the output pipe of recovery tank be contained in the bottom, at heater 22 during with the working medium heating evaporation, non-return valve 21 before the heater is closed and non-return valve 26 forward conductions behind the condenser, working medium enters reflux tank after the condensation, when evaporating because the continuation condensation of condenser, the heater internal pressure can drop to and is lower than the water tank internal pressure, pressure reduction promotes non-return valve 26 and closes and non-return valve 21 forward conductions, the heater topping up, circulation will continue.
C) pump power refluxes.On the quick pipeline that refluxes of the needs of large-sized power heat pipe, water pump can be installed, not be subjected to the influence of heater high and low position like this.The situation that some are special, the low temperature difference of strengthening circulation power as needs circulates, and the power heat pipe is directly tried hard to recommend moving continuous periodic duty by pump, and such water pump generally should adopt magnetic drive pump to help system sealing.
D) condenser adopts and helps structure and the mounting means that liquid working substance flows to return duct.The power heat pipe ordinary circumstance that non-return valve is housed is by discontinuous work periodically automatically, but, when circulation resistance is smaller, liquid working substance constantly evaporates in the process of liquid level decline in heater, because the liquid level difference of heater and return duct or reflux tank constantly increases, can appear at liquid evaporate before non-return valve situation about being opened in advance by forward, and can continuous operation.Illustrate in this case, if structure of condenser is arranged to favourable condensate liquid automatic stream return duct direction, for example outlet is lower as accompanying drawing 16 than inlet, just can realize heat pipe circulation when just guaranteeing to start (perhaps add non-return valve direct one-way flow) without non-return valve, be subjected to thermal evaporation to produce the result of pressure because of its liquid level difference that produces circulation power remains working medium, therefore unification is called the power heat pipe.
The power heat pipe circulation that non-return valve is housed is the efficient heat transfer process that can produce powerful circulation power, largest loop power is by the temperature difference decision of thermal source and low-temperature receiver, the diabatic process that not only can be used for various conditions, and increase steam turbine or other heating power conversion equipment just can constitute the new engine system of advantages of simplicity and high efficiency between heater and condenser, so power heat pipe round-robin method will will be played a great role to using energy source, energy-conservation and new energy development.
Embodiment 5: be the power hot-pipe system that adapts to large-scale thermal procession as shown in Figure 17, increase heater 22 volumes and become heating water tank, between condenser and non-return valve 21, be connected the condensate tank 27 with the heater storage coupling, help in the heater carbonated drink and separate and prolong the work period.Accompanying drawing 18 is heater 22 a kind of situations outside heating water tank, helps carbonated drink and separates heating.
Such power heat pipe circulatory system can be used for the heat transfer overall process of various heat enginnerings, comprising:
The power heat pipe boiler: the combustion chamber is a heater, and heating power output heat exchanger is a condenser; Accompanying drawing 19 shows two kinds of power heat pipes that are used for the boiler tail air preheater (fume side and air side should have furnace wall to be separated by figure for concisely not showing) that heating is different with the condensation high and low position, be characterized in adopting single heater water tank or condenser tank, decide by the flow resistance size that heater or structure of condenser form.If heating is a monolithic with condenser pipe, condensation end (air side) is more much higher even can be without water tank and non-return valve than fire end (fume side) position, if arrange that more complicated just needs to have increased heating water tank and condensation water tank but pipeline is three-dimensional, also can increase circulating pump, as accompanying drawing 19A at heating circuit.
Power heat pipe-type indoor heating: the heat supply network heat exchanger is a heater, and user's radiator is a condenser, as power heat pipe-type household central heating sheet, perhaps the tubule road is welded on the metal sheets such as copper or aluminium, can be arranged in wall or ceiling.
Power heat pipe heat supply network: boiler is a heater, and whole heat supply network user is a condenser, is fit to skyscraper.
High temperature heat transfer: various solar energy heating processes and heating power output procedures such as solar boiler and solar cooker.
Embodiment 6: increase steam turbine generator 28 as shown in Figure 20 in power heat pipe closed circuit, become the generating heat pipe of discontinuity generating, increased hot heater 29 and can improve generating efficiency.In order to obtain stable electric power output, can adopt two heating evaporation systems to be respectively two independently steam turbine generator steam supplies as shown in Figure 21, perhaps be two complementary continuous operations of coaxial steam turbine steam supply, also can adopt a plurality of heating systems and a plurality of unit, electric power output is more stable like this.When being thermal source with the Salar light-gathering, heater even can be simple water tank or metal tube, but a problem that exists is, when the working medium in the heater when cycle period finishes to evaporate, if the very high heater of Salar light-gathering temperature may burn out, therefore when two or more heater is arranged the heating surface of heater is welded together mutually or be welded on the same metallic plate, perhaps adopt same metal manufacturing, make in a word between the heater to connect heat transfer mutually, after a heater vaporizes is intact, be unlikely to be burnt out the power that can also increase other heaters that evaporating work by metal.In like manner superheater also should be arranged like this, and just all high-temperature surfaces can play a protective role mutually like this apart from one another by reasonable Arrangement.
The characteristics of power heat generating tube maximum are simple low costs, relatively be fit to the microminiature solar energy thermal-power-generating, as at the synchronous interlock condenser system shown in the accompanying drawing 9, power heat generating tube device can all be arranged on the connecting rod 7 with heating surface, can avoid the problem that sound is connected between receiver heating power pipeline and the ground like this.The power heat generating tube also can be used for energy-conservation fields such as residual heat of tail gas of automobile utilization.
Embodiment 7: the power heat pipe circulatory system that is used for steam-sprayed refrigeration as shown in Figure 22, working medium is generally water, become steam by heater 22 heating evaporations, after condenser 24 condensations, enter reflux tank 27 again through jet ejectors 33 decompression coolings, a condensed water part reduce pressure once more through flow controller 34 and enters absorption chilled water heats in the chilled water heat exchanger 32 after the cooling, and the high vacuum of chilled water heat exchanger is drawn gas by the extraction opening of jet ejectors 33 and kept.Pressure descends after water has been evaporated in the heater, and the recirculation water in reflux tank 27 makes non-return valve 21 forward conductions automatically, and recirculation water enters heater, begins new circulation.
Power heat pipe steam-jet refrigerating system need not any rotary machine, simply low-cost durable.
Embodiment 8: as shown in Figure 23, being a kind of heating power boost type thermodynamic cycle electricity generation system, is to replace feed pump with the heating power booster system to boost on the basis of ordinary hot force generating system, and its course of work is:
A. moisturizing.When heating power stepup transformer 41 needs supplementing water, open with the ventilating valve 43 of condensate tank 44 and close other valve, from the low pressure liquid working medium of condensate tank 44 because of entering stepup transformer 41 through non-return valve 42 together with the device principle.
B. boost.Close ventilating valve 43 after the stepup transformer moisturizing is finished, open extraction valve 46 stepup transformers and begin closed heating and boost, non-return valve 42 automatic reverses are closed; When stepup transformer pressure rises to extraction pressure near balance, close extraction valve 46, open ventilating valve 37 with evaporimeter 39 and continue heating and boost.
C. feedwater.Non-return valve 40 automatic forward conductions when the pressure rising reaches with evaporimeter 39 pressure balances, stepup transformer is to evaporimeter output highly pressurised liquid working medium.
D. decompression.Close ventilating valve 37 after output working medium is finished, open the low pressure (LP) cylinder steam discharge of extraction valve 46 to steam turbine 47, non-return valve 40 automatic reverses are closed, and stepup transformer begins the steam discharge decompression; Close extraction valve 46 when stepup transformer pressure drops to turbine low pressure cylinder near balance, open the ventilating valve 43 with condensate tank 44, stepup transformer pressure continues to descend.
E. moisturizing again.When pressure is reduced to the condensate tank pressure balance, non-return valve 42 automatic forward conductions, new low pressure liquid working medium enters stepup transformer, begins the new heating power process of boosting.
The feedwater process is to be interrupted periodically though boost, if design the ratio of each confluent and evaporator capacity, just can guarantee that evaporimeter is that liquid level is in the continuity that does not periodically influence vaporization cycle thereupon changing.Ventilating valve 37 and 44 and the general magnetic valves that adopt of extraction valve 46 is controlled according to parameters such as liquid level pressure and temps automatically by control system.The Turbo-generator Set of dress thin-walled sealing steel cylinder is isolated mutually by thin-walled sealing steel cylinder 50 between electricity generator stator coil 48 and excitation electromotor stator coil 49 and rotor in adopting shown in the accompanying drawing 24.Another partition method is in miniature electricity generation system the turbo-generator group all to be sealed in the circulatory system, has only wire insulation sealing back to be connected with extraneous.
Whole like this circulation system just can make working medium work in sealing system, after evaporation heater 38 makes and produces steam in the evaporimeter, steam passed through and entered the conversion of steam turbine generator realization hot merit after hot heater 36 further is heated to be superheated steam, the low parameter tail vapour that comes out from steam turbine becomes liquid state through condenser 45 and enters condensate tank 44, after through the heating power process periodic duty of boosting.Like this, system can save the accessory system of a series of complexity such as feed pump, moisturizing, blowdown and deoxygenation of general therrmodynamic system needs, makes the miniature unit of little unit realize that the high parameter operation is accessible again.
In order further to raise the efficiency, can increase the quantity of the heating pipe line that draws gas, principle is equal to increases the backheat loop number, also can increase hot heater again and improve the thermal efficiency, can be discharged in the hot heater during booster system decompression steam discharge again.
Such system just becomes a kind of high efficiency external-burning vapor recycle engine when steam turbine is connected with other rotary machine, also can be used for steam jet refrigeration and absorption steam-refrigerated.In order to ensure system sealing, steam turbine can pass through magnetic drives, and magnetic drives is comparative maturity at present, as uses the more magnetic drive pump just can the liquid in the pump and the external world is isolated fully.
Embodiment 9: as shown in Figure 25, replace steam turbine generator with heating power jet magnetohydrodynamic generator device 57 and rent, constitute the heating power boost type magnetohydrodynamic generator circulatory system.The saturated liquid working medium and the superheated steam that are come out by base of evaporator enter jet magnetohydrodynamic generator device generation heating power jet respectively, accompanying drawing 26 has shown a kind of heating power jet magnetohydrodynamic generator device, outer setting magnetic field, metal film positive and negative electrode 59 has been arranged in both sides at earthenware 58 internal magnetic fields, the effect of earthenware is that the conduction working medium outside its inner surface electrode and the magnetic field is insulated, the vapour-liquid mixed flow of high-speed jet conduction working medium cutting magnetic line in magnetic field make positive and negative charge flow to respectively metal film electrode form the electric power that can outwards export (do not show in the transmission of electricity electrode accompanying drawing 26, need to prove transmission line of electricity should with the metal shell insulated enclosure).Working medium need adopt strong metal liquid of electric conductivity or strong electrolyte solution as far as possible, and what relatively be fit to has mercury, sodium chloride solution and a lithium-bromide solution etc., and lithium-bromide solution is used wider in heating power evaporation absorption type air-conditioner field, the directly reference of many technology.
The heating of being inconvenient to draw gas of single heating power jet magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system, accompanying drawing 27 has shown the scheme of two magnetohydrodynamic generator device series connection generatings, increased vapour liquid separator 60, the working medium liquid working substance after vapor-liquid separation that comes out from one-level jet electric organ directly enters the secondary jets electric organ, isolated steam is drawn bleed steam pipework by extraction valve 62 control connection stepup transformers through also entering the secondary jets electric organ after hot heater 61 heating again from the high temperature vapour liquid separator.Like this can be as required with a plurality of series connection of magnetic fluid jet electric organ even connection in series-parallel combination, to improve whole generating efficiency.
Obviously, heating power jet magnetohydrodynamic generator also can adopt the circulation of power heat pipe.
Heating power jet magnetohydrodynamic generator has been realized the thermal power generation of no rotary machine, along with the technology maturation utmost point promises to be the power set that generally use of low-cost high-efficiency low noise, as is used for natural gas or hydrogen fuel electric automobile.
Embodiment 10: adopt circulation of power heat pipe or the thermodynamic cycle of heating power boost type, be used for small-sized or miniature CCHP, comprise water heater generating, heating and air-conditioning generating etc., especially in the solar energy utilization system of high temperature optically focused, working medium after the heater heating is introduced into the generating of thermal power generation equipment, enter heat supply then or refrigeration system provides thermal source, last other process of finishing circulation again, perhaps, when being used for fuel and being the thermal procession of thermal source, high-temperature flue gas heating generating working medium low-temperature flue gas provides heating power by the power heat pipe for miscellaneous equipment.CCHP is ripe notion, but common thermodynamic system of steam tur complexity and the big exhaust pollution of engine noise also mostly is not suitable for microminaturization, and the circulation of power heat pipe has the environment-friendly high-efficiency rate to use simple advantage with the thermodynamic cycle of heating power boost type, add that the power heat pipe can grow apart from efficient heat transfer, be suitable for very much family or enterprise, this saves energy and reduce the cost to the whole society significance.
In addition, the delivery temperature of high temperature engines such as internal combustion engine and gas turbine is all than higher, and heating power boost type circulation system exhaust temperature is inefficient high, therefore is that the coproduction form of latter's heater heat supply can realize the higher thermal efficiency with the former exhaust.If with the former exhaust second-time burning is latter's heat supply, two systems will all realize high-efficiency operation, be used for the discharging that present automobile engine can also reduce imperfect combustion things such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon.
Have, its bottom heat sink of high-temperature battery must have good heat radiating in the concentrating solar again, and a good scheme is output heating power when utilizing the power heat pipe for its heat radiation, also can circulate or heating power boost type thermodynamic cycle co-generation of power with the power heat pipe.
The present invention is not limited to content that embodiment describes in response to extensive with the field.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of solar energy of the synchronous interlock tracking sun utilizes method, form by helioplant, helioplant bracing frame, drive unit and control system etc., it is characterized in that: helioplant is supported by hinged bracing frame, according to arranged in arrays, connect by synchronous interlinked mechanism mutually, drag the synchronous deflection of synchronous interlinked mechanism by drive unit and follow the tracks of the sun; Helioplant is separately hinged or divide on the parallel axes that is assembled in support or the approximate parallel axes can the deflection rotating shaft of bracing frame be set to vertical with parallel axes or other angle with parallel axes deflection respectively; Synchronization link mechanism adopts year tracking and the two dimension driving of following the tracks of the day of east-west direction of North and South direction respectively, and the deflection of bracing frame is respectively to follow the tracks of in year and a day tracking or opposite with the deflection of reflective mirror; Follow the tracks of in year and adopt manually control or automatic control; The layout of drive unit is specially one of following three kinds of modes,
A) year synchronous interlinked mechanism of tracking and day are followed the tracks of synchronous interlinked mechanism drive separately;
B) a year tracking drive unit is installed on ground, and a day tracking drive unit is installed on the moving member of year tracking system, perhaps the two opposed;
C) connecting rod of year synchronous interlinked mechanism of tracking adopts the connected mode that can twist, increasing the rocking arm that installs on the connecting rod is connected with day synchronous interlinked mechanism of tracking by space bindiny mechanism, connecting rod translation control year tracking, twisting is followed the tracks of controll day, perhaps, the driving of year tracking and day tracking is respectively by above-mentioned opposite way layout.
2, the solar energy of the synchronous interlock tracking sun as claimed in claim 1 utilizes method, be used for reflective mirror optically focused, it is characterized in that: helioplant is plane mirror or concave mirror, and concave mirror is continuous curve surface or is combined by less level crossing; The optically focused mode is planar concentrating or almost plane optically focused, so-called planar concentrating is meant that focal point is arranged in the optically focused plane of forming through the sunray of bracing frame deflection rotating shaft, bracing frame is followed the tracks of the synchronous deflection of sunray, the average deflection speed of reflective mirror on bracing frame be sunray in 1/2nd of optically focused plane intrinsic deflection speed, the reflective mirror of diverse location is installed to satisfy reverberation always towards focal point with different deflection phase difference.
3, synchronous interlock as claimed in claim 2 is followed the tracks of the reflective mirror concentrating method of the sun, be used for high temperature heating such as solar electrical energy generation, metallurgy, welding and solar cooker, it is characterized in that: increase high-order plane mirror or high-order convex surface reflective mirror that focal point is shifted downwards, make whole reverberation realize that secondary reflections or a part of reverberation reflex to directly that another part reverberation secondary reflects to above the recipient below the receiver, high-order convex surface reflective mirror is continuous curve surface or forms convex mirror by less plane mirror.
4, a kind of power heat pipe circulatory system, working medium enters the condensation of condenser quantity of heat given up after heater absorbs heat of vaporization, be back to heater then and be heated vaporization cycle work once more, be used for various heat transfers or thermal procession, it is characterized in that: the structure that adopts the pipeline circulation, for being circulated at condenser, working medium to the return line of heater, takes one of following four kinds of measures at least
A) check (non-return) valve is housed;
B) two check (non-return) valves are housed, between two check (non-return) valves, recovery tank are housed;
C) water pump is housed;
D) condenser adopts and helps structure and the mounting means that liquid working substance flows to return duct.
5, as the power heat pipe circulatory system as described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that: the power heat pipe is used for following purposes,
A) increase heating water tank and condensation water tank and become big capacity heat pipe;
B) power heat pipe boiler;
C) air preheat of heated surface at the end of boiler and other gas-gas heat exchange;
D) indoor heating or cooling, terminal adopt common radiator or adopt metal film to be arranged in wall or ceiling;
E) power heat pipe heat supply network, whole heat supply network terminal is a condenser;
F) heat radiation of computer CPU or other electrical accessorie;
G) various solar energy heating processes and elevated temperature heat power output procedures such as solar boiler and solar cooker.
6, as the power heat pipe circulatory system as described in the claim 4, be used for thermal processions such as thermal power generation, refrigeration, it is characterized in that: be connected with steam turbine or steam-sprayed refrigerating plant on the connecting line of heater and condenser, adopt single channel or multichannel thermodynamic cycle, heating surface layout disconnected from each other perhaps has metal to connect and compose the structure that can avoid single heating surface overtemperature mutually.
7, a kind of heating power boost type thermal circulation method, promote liquid working substance pressure by heating, it is characterized in that: adopt the positive displacement stepup transformer to replace booster, working medium is by the Steam Heating in the circulation system or by other thermal source heating in the stepup transformer, turnover and satisfied following periodic duty process by valve control working medium
A. moisturizing, low pressure liquid working medium enters stepup transformer;
B. boost, stepup transformer sealing beginning heating is boosted after moisturizing is finished;
C. feedwater, when the pressure rising reached output pressure, stepup transformer was to circulatory system output highly pressurised liquid working medium;
D. decompression, stepup transformer begins the steam discharge decompression after output working medium is finished;
E. moisturizing again enters stepup transformer when pressure is reduced to the stylish low pressure liquid working medium of input pressure, begins the new heating power process of boosting.
8, heating power boost type thermal circulation method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: stepup transformer has with motive power outputting apparatus and is connected or manifold road extracting steam source, and control valve is arranged on the pipeline.
9, a kind of heating power jetting type hydromagnetic generating device, the conduction working medium of high-speed jet cutting magnetic line in magnetic field produces electric current, it is characterized in that: adopt power heat pipe round-robin method or heating power boost type thermal circulation method, HTHP vapour-liquid working medium enters the high-speed jet that ejector forms conduction, backheat circulation that employing single tube jet circulates or the employing multitube draws gas.
10, a kind of small-sized or miniature heating power integrated system, adopting solar energy or fuel is that thermal source is characterized in that: adopting circulation of power heat pipe or the thermodynamic cycle of heating power boost type is heat power generating system, is one of following four kinds of modes,
A) working medium of heat power generating system is from entering heat supply after generating equipment is come out or refrigeration system provides thermal source;
B) heat power generating system is that low-temperature flue gas provides thermal source by the power heat pipe for heat supply or refrigeration system behind the heat resource power generation with fuel;
C) utilize engine high-temperature exhaust airs such as gas turbine and internal combustion engine to provide thermal source for heat power generating system;
D) utilize concentrating solar high-temperature battery bottom heat sink to provide thermal source for heat power generating system.
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| CN108929843A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-12-04 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of biomass photosynthetic bacteria hydrogen production device |
| CN108929843B (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2024-06-04 | 河南农业大学 | Biomass photosynthetic bacteria hydrogen production device |
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| CN108793153B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2023-08-15 | 攀枝花学院 | Expandable graphite expansion device |
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