CN101549634A - Multi-mode infinitely variable series parallel type hybrid power system - Google Patents
Multi-mode infinitely variable series parallel type hybrid power system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种汽车技术领域的多模式无级变速混联式混合动力系统。本发明包括发动机、第一电机、离合器、第二电机、模式换档装置、减速差速器、驱动桥、车轮、储能装置、电机控制装置。第一电机的转子与发动机的曲轴输出端相连接，并通过离合器与第二电机的转子相连接，第二电机的转子通过模式换档装置、减速差速器、驱动桥与车轮相连接，第一电机、第二电机均与储能装置电连接。模式换档装置为多速比变速机构，可以不包括离合器。本发明降低了对第二电机大转矩的要求，具有多模式无级变速、低系统成本、低开发成本、低维修成本等特点，使整车油耗、排放、动力性、驾驶平顺性等达到综合最优。
The utility model relates to a multi-mode continuously variable transmission hybrid hybrid power system in the technical field of automobiles. The invention includes an engine, a first motor, a clutch, a second motor, a mode shifting device, a reduction differential, a drive axle, wheels, an energy storage device, and a motor control device. The rotor of the first motor is connected with the output end of the crankshaft of the engine, and is connected with the rotor of the second motor through a clutch, and the rotor of the second motor is connected with the wheels through a mode shifting device, a reduction differential, and a drive axle. Both the first motor and the second motor are electrically connected to the energy storage device. The mode shifting device is a multi-speed ratio speed change mechanism, which may not include a clutch. The invention reduces the requirement for the large torque of the second motor, has the characteristics of multi-mode stepless speed change, low system cost, low development cost, low maintenance cost, etc., so that the fuel consumption, emission, power performance, and driving comfort of the whole vehicle can be achieved. Comprehensive best.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of system of automobile technical field, specifically is a kind of multi-mode infinitely variable series parallel type hybrid power system.
Background technology
The structural shape of hybrid power system for automobile has tandem, parallel and series-parallel formula.Wherein, the series connection type hybrid power system automobile is more suitable for the frequent urban area of vehicle start-stop, but energy consumption can't be dropped to lower owing to need multiple energy to transform; The parallel type hybrid dynamic automobile is more suitable for the more unimpeded non-urban area of road, but because engine operation point is optimized the limited further ability of reduction of its energy consumption that also limited of potentiality; Series-parallel hybrid electric system, purpose be the integrated series hybrid power system unify the parallel connection type hybrid power system advantage, overcome shortcoming separately, therefore, and great performance advantage is arranged applicable to all road conditions.But existing series-parallel hybrid electric system, THS (Toyota's hybrid power system) hybrid power system and THS2 (second generation Toyota hybrid power system) hybrid power system thereof as the most representative Toyota Motor company, the EP of General Motors Coporation (electrical parallel connection) hybrid power system and AHS2 thereof (the advanced hybrid power system of the second generation) system, in the engine output power mostly some energy need a electric power generation in system to charge a battery or for another motor use, this part energy has caused greater loss after changing through multiple energy, simultaneously power combination mechanism complex structure, the manufacturing cost height, volume is big.
Find through literature search prior art, Chinese patent publication number CN201021118, open day is 2008.02.13, patent name is: the series parallel hybrid power automobile, this patent readme is: " a kind of series parallel hybrid power automobile; comprise driving engine, this driving engine are connected with an electrical machinery by a power-transfer clutch, this electrical motor again with a drive axle mechanical connection; In addition, described driving engine again with an electrical generator mechanical connection, this driving engine then is electrically connected by electricity generating controller and battery pack; In addition, described electrical motor also is electrically connected by a driving governor and described battery pack ".Its weak point is: electrical motor directly is connected with drive axle, requires motor torque big, and this will make the system cost height, otherwise the car load low-speed dynamic is not good; If adopt the drive axle of big retarding ratio to address this problem, the car load maximum speed will be received restriction again; Electrical generator is not used to drive, and electric drive efficiency is difficult to optimization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of multi-mode infinitely variable series parallel type hybrid power system is provided, hybrid power system more of the prior art, the solution that the present invention is in full force and effect electrical motor directly be connected the problem that is produced with drive axle, realized the combination that multi-mode infinitely variable, series-parallel connection drive and hang down cost of development, low system cost, had better and the technology inheritance of existing vehicle and the characteristics of car load dynamic property, fuel economy and anti-emission carburetor.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention includes: driving engine, first motor, power-transfer clutch, second motor, the pattern gearshift, deceleration differential, drive axle, wheel, closed-center system, motor control assembly, the crankshaft output end of driving engine is connected with the rotor of first motor, the rotor of first motor is connected with the input end of power-transfer clutch again, the mouth of power-transfer clutch is connected with the rotor of second motor again, the rotor of second motor is connected with the pattern gearshift, the pattern gearshift is connected with deceleration differential again, deceleration differential connects drive axle, drive axle is connected with wheel, closed-center system is connected with motor control assembly by means of high voltage circuit, motor control assembly by means of high voltage circuit respectively with first motor, second motor is connected.
Described motor control assembly comprises the control setup of first motor and the control setup of second motor, and the control setup of first motor is connected by means of the control setup of high voltage circuit with second motor.Described closed-center system is power accumulator, or super capacitor, or the composite energy storing device of storage battery and super capacitor.Described power-transfer clutch is automatic controllable clutch.
The pattern gearshift, for automatic shift device or be manual gear shifting, gear in four, no reverse gear position.The pattern gearshift is 2 grades, 3 grades, is no more than 4 grades automatic shift device or manual gear shifting, no reverse gear position at most; Between second motor and this pattern gearshift, there is not power-transfer clutch; By when stationary vehicle or the low speed to the pattern gearshift carry out manually or autoshift switch, has different transmitting ratios between the mouth that can make second motor and the deceleration differential, corresponding multiple dynamic mode, with this satisfy different road conditions and chaufeur to the different expectations of vehicle power (as, different demands and expectation to climbing, acceleration, maximum speed etc.), there is not marked change not switch to new gear as last in the expectation of road conditions, chaufeur.
Principle of work of the present invention is:
(1) second motor carries out transmission of power by pattern gearshift, deceleration differential, drive axle and wheel.Driving engine is by first electric motor starting.The input end of the crankshaft output end by driving engine between the driving engine and second motor, first motor, power-transfer clutch, second motor carries out transmission of power.Input end by power-transfer clutch, second motor between first motor and second motor carries out transmission of power, and the crankshaft output end by driving engine carries out transmission of power also and between the driving engine.
(2) first motors, second motor carry out electrical energy transfer by high voltage circuit and motor control assembly, closed-center system respectively.The electric energy that needs when first motor moves by electronic mode is provided by closed-center system, and the electric energy that sends when moving by generation mode is received by closed-center system.The electric energy that needs when second motor moves by electronic mode is also provided by closed-center system, and the electric energy that sends when moving by generation mode is also received by closed-center system.When one of them of first motor and second motor worked by electronic mode by generation mode work, another motor, also can carry out electrical energy transfer between two motors by motor control assembly, high voltage circuit and closed-center system.
(3) in the power transmission chain between whole power parts such as driving engine, first motor, second motor and wheel, the change-speed box and the retarder of the existing internal-combustion engines vehicle of cancellation, after system is switched to the dynamic mode of expectation by the pattern gearshift, all can realize the stepless change combination drive.Driving engine can be by shutdown; 2 kinds of modes such as operation are worked; first motor can be by shutdown/idle running; generating; 3 kinds of modes such as electronic grade are worked; second motor also can be by shutdown/idle running; generating; 3 kinds of modes such as electronic grade are worked; power-transfer clutch can be by combination; 2 kinds of modes such as separation are worked; the pattern gearshift has multiple dynamic mode and normal mode, can all can realize engine idle shutdown/quick start under the selected pattern at the arbitrary patterns gearshift; the pure motorized motions of stepless change; the pure engine drive of stepless change; the stepless change tandem drive; stepless change combination drive in parallel; stepless change generating combination drive; regenerative braking energy feedback; stopping for charging etc. are the operational mode of hybrid power system all.
The present invention can also be provided with power-transfer clutch between second motor and pattern gearshift, the input end of power-transfer clutch is connected with the mouth of second motor, the mouth of power-transfer clutch is connected with the input end of pattern gearshift, and switch also and can arbitrarily the speed of a motor vehicle under carry out the gear shift of pattern gearshift this moment.
The present invention can also use the shock absorber that is arranged between the driving engine and first motor, and the input end of shock absorber is connected with the crankshaft output end of driving engine, and the mouth of shock absorber is connected with the input end of first motor.Can further avoid the harmful effect to the engine crankshaft reliability that may exist.
The present invention can also be provided with power-transfer clutch between second motor and pattern gearshift, the input end of power-transfer clutch is connected with the mouth of second motor, the mouth of power-transfer clutch is connected with the input end of pattern gearshift, be arranged at the shock absorber between the driving engine and first motor, the input end of shock absorber is connected with the crankshaft output end of driving engine, and the mouth of shock absorber is connected with the input end of first motor.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect and is:
1, strong adaptability.The power of second motor output end is delivered to deceleration differential by the pattern gearshift, be delivered to wheel by drive axle then, can expect to select different gears to obtain different transmitting ratios according to condition of road surface and chaufeur, multiple dynamic mode is provided, can satisfy different demands and expectation, improve comformability road and driving expectation to climbing, acceleration, maximum speed etc.
2, multi-mode infinitely variable.To the mode switch of pattern gearshift, general only when stationary vehicle or low speed, carry out, there is not marked change not switch to new gear as last in road conditions, chaufeur expectation.Under the dynamic mode of arbitrary patterns gearshift, the power of second motor output end directly is delivered to wheel by deceleration differential, drive axle by the fixed speed ratio in the pattern gearshift, realized stepless change, improved the traveling comfort of driving and reduced chaufeur labour intensity.
3, low system cost.Because the effect of pattern gearshift cheaply, reduced requirement to the high pulling torque motor of second motor, and the change-speed box and the retarder of existing vehicle have been cancelled, effectively avoid the technical barrier of automated mechanical transmission in the hybrid power system exploitation, reduced system cost and system development costs.
4, low-dimensional is accomplished this.Adopt controllable automatic clutch, reduced the power-transfer clutch combination and the frequency of separating, and realized the little slippage of power-transfer clutch or do not had the slippage combination, farthest avoided the wear damage of power-transfer clutch, reduce maintenance cost.In addition, because first motor can provide second motor-driven required all or part of electric energy, reduced requirement to closed-center system, can realize easily that thereby the control of closed-center system electric quantity balancing prolongs its life-span, because closed-center system is fault rate and all higher parts of cost ratio, system cost and maintenance cost have therefore further been reduced in hybrid power system.
5, compare with famous like product in the world and have, have the stronger market competitiveness than the higher ratio of performance to price, environment for use comformability.Both can automatically switch to the representative type tandem system configuration easily, also can automatically switch to representative type parallel system structure easily, also can switch to representative type double-motor parallel-serial system architecture easily, also can expect to switch to different dynamic modes according to road conditions with chaufeur easily, make the present invention can be stronger to the comformability of various environments for use, whole operational modes of hybrid power system have been realized, and the existing technology of pattern control ratio is more flexible, make the dynamic property of using hybrid vehicle of the present invention, fuel economy and noxious emission have reached comprehensive the best, significantly are better than cascade system, parallel system and existing combined hybrid system.Analyze by statistics, use hybrid power passenger car of the present invention, fuel-economizing can reach more than 30%, exhaust emissions can satisfy state's 4 above regulation limitations, dynamic property is not less than existing vehicle, the driving ride comfort obviously is better than existing vehicle, chaufeur labour intensity significantly reduces, and integral vehicle cost increases less than similar vehicle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention two.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention three.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention four.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated: present embodiment is being to implement under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, combine detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment hybrid power system, comprise driving engine 1, first motor 2, power-transfer clutch 3, second motor 4, pattern gearshift 5, deceleration differential 6, drive axle 7, wheel 8, closed-center system 9, motor control assembly 10, the crankshaft output end of driving engine 1 is connected with the rotor of first motor 2, the rotor of first motor 2 is connected with the input end of power-transfer clutch 3 again, the mouth of power-transfer clutch 3 is connected with the rotor of second motor 4 again, the rotor of second motor 4 is connected with pattern gearshift 5, pattern gearshift 5 is connected with deceleration differential 6 again, deceleration differential 6 connects drive axle 7, drive axle 7 is connected with wheel 8, closed-center system 9 is connected with motor control assembly 10 by means of high voltage circuit, motor control assembly 10 by means of high voltage circuit respectively with first motor 2, second motor 4 is connected.
Driving engine 1 provides most of power of vehicle '.First motor 2 is used for fire an engine 1, also is used for providing the part power of vehicle ' process, also can provide electric energy that second motor, 4 powered vehicle need or auxiliary reclaiming braking energy or to closed-center system 9 chargings by generator operation.Described power-transfer clutch 3 is automatic controllable clutch, is used to switch on or off driving engine 1 and first motor, 2 end power mechanical connection and the transmission of power to second motor, 4 ends.Second motor 4 is a high-power high pulling torque motor, is used for providing all or part of power of vehicle ' process, also recyclable regenerating braking energy or to closed-center system 9 charging.
Described motor control assembly 10 comprises the control setup of first motor 2 and the control setup of second motor 4, and the control setup of first motor 2 is connected by means of the control setup of high voltage circuit with second motor 4.For a kind of realization becomes direct current interchange, maybe interchange is become straight-though supply convertor and motor operation controller.
Described closed-center system 9 is power accumulator, or super capacitor, or the composite energy storing device of storage battery and super capacitor.Be used for providing electric energy, also can be used for receiving the electric energy that first motor 2, second motor 4 send to first motor 2, second motor 4.
The working process of the foregoing description is:
Second motor 4 carries out transmission of power by pattern gearshift 5, deceleration differential 6, drive axle 7 with wheel 8.Driving engine 1 is by 2 startings of first motor.The input end of the crankshaft output end by driving engine 1 between the driving engine 1 and second motor 4, first motor 2, power-transfer clutch 3, second motor 4 carries out transmission of power.Input end by power-transfer clutch 3, second motor 4 between first motor 2 and second motor 4 carries out transmission of power, and the crankshaft output end by driving engine 1 carries out transmission of power also and between the driving engine 1.
In the power transmission chain between whole power parts such as driving engine 1, first motor 2, second motor 4 and wheel 8, the change-speed box and the retarder of the existing internal-combustion engines vehicle of cancellation, after system is switched to the dynamic mode of expectation by pattern gearshift 5, all can realize the stepless change combination drive.Driving engine 1 can be worked by 2 kinds of modes such as shutdown, operations; first motor 2 can be worked by shutdown/idle running, generating, 3 kinds of modes such as electronic; second motor 4 also can be worked by shutdown/idle running, generating, 3 kinds of modes such as electronic; power-transfer clutch 3 can be worked by 2 kinds of modes such as combination, separation, and pattern gearshift 5 has multiple dynamic mode.
Present embodiment can be realized the operational mode of whole hybrid power systems: arbitrary patterns gearshift 4 can selected pattern under all can realize all operational modes of hybrid power systems such as engine idle shutdown/quick start, the pure motorized motions of stepless change, the pure engine drive of stepless change, stepless change tandem drive, stepless change combination drive in parallel, stepless change generating combination drive, regenerative braking energy feedback, stopping for charging.
System running pattern and basic controlling strategy:
(1) dynamic mode switches
When stationary vehicle or low speed, according to road conditions and chaufeur to the different expectations of vehicle power (as, different demands and expectation to climbing, acceleration, maximum speed etc.), manually pattern gearshift 5 being carried out gear shift by automatic or chaufeur switches, to obtain differently dynamic mode, be in different transmitting ratios between the mouth that can make second motor 4 and the deceleration differential 6.Afterwards, there is not marked change not switch to new gear as last in the expectation of road conditions, chaufeur.Therefore, under the conation force mode in office, be equivalent to second motor, 4 mouths and under a unmodified speed ratio, carry out transmission of power, realize multi-mode infinitely variable with deceleration differential 6 direct connections.
(2) engine idle shutdown/quick start
In the car retardation process or meet red light or traffic congestion or other situation and when stopping; by making driving engine 1 oil-break, shutdown; avoided that existing internal-combustion engines vehicle slows down at this moment, idle oil consumption and exhaust emissions, be to improve the car load fuel economy and reduce one of Critical policies of tail gas noxious emission.According to integrated vehicle control tactics, when the need fire an engine, power-transfer clutch 3 is in released state, can drag driving engine 1 fast after a certain higher rotation speed by first motor 2 at any time, driving engine 1 is commencement of fuel injection, fuel oil consumption and the tail gas noxious emission of having avoided available engine 1 starting process to cause improve the car load fuel economy and reduce the tail gas noxious emission.
(3) the pure electricity of multi-mode infinitely variable drives
Under the conation force mode in office selected after, when vehicle start stage or underload or low cruise, driving engine 1 is in running on the lower load, its heat efficiency is low and exhaust emissions is not good.At this moment, can provide all torsion torque of car load driving by second motor 4, realize zero-emission, power-transfer clutch 3 is in released state, has avoided the expenditure of energy of towing astern driving engine 1.This pattern for city bus reduce discharging, avoid power-transfer clutch frequent in conjunction with and the wearing and tearing that cause etc. have significant contribution.
Utilize present embodiment, also have pure electrically operated Redundancy Design.That is, under the conation force mode in office selected after, all can realize by arbitrarily motor is separately or unite 3 kinds of pure electric drive modes of stepless change of driving in first motor 2, second motor 4.
(3) the pure engine drive of multi-mode infinitely variable
Under the conation force mode in office selected after, after the driving torque of vehicle reaches setting range, the speed of a motor vehicle and is higher than setting value, engine operation is at high efficient area, can realize the pure engine drive of multi-mode infinitely variable by making first motor 2 and 4 idle running of second motor, guarantee and to optimize driving engine 1 efficient and the rechargeable electrical energy of closed-center system 9 is used in operating modes such as power-assisted combination drive fully efficiently by feedback braking energy and driving generating, improve car load efficient, and can avoid the electric weight of closed-center system 9 to lose fast, prolong its service life.When too low or power drive system can not be finished vehicular drive at described closed-center system 9 electric weight,, also fire an engine is entered pure engine drive pattern according to the car load power demand.
(4) multi-mode infinitely variable tandem drive
Under the conation force mode in office selected after, under the power demand of any speed of a motor vehicle and vehicular drive, when second motor, 4 power-handling capabilities satisfy the vehicular drive requirement, or during vehicle operating environmental requirement (as passing through the business district), by making driving engine 1 be operated in high efficiency point or an extreme efficiency interval, make power-transfer clutch 3 be switched to or remain on released state, first motor 2 provides second motor, 4 powered vehicle needed main energy by generator operation, system is switched to stepless change tandem drive pattern easily, can make the engine exhaust emission amount reach minimum.Also can realize the electric quantity balancing control of closed-center system 9 easily and reduce capacity requirement, reduce parts cost and maintenance cost closed-center system 9.
Under pure electric drive mode,, also can make system by the work of stepless change tandem drive pattern if the closed-center system electric weight is low based on second motor 4.
(5) the direct combination drive in parallel of multi-mode infinitely variable
Under the conation force mode in office selected after, when the big vehicle driving torque of needs such as vehicle brish acceleration or climbing or required vehicular drive moment of torsion increase fast, if the electric weight of closed-center system 9 is fit to provide required electricity to drive energy, after the speed of a motor vehicle is higher than setting value, then can be in engine output power, make first motor 2, any one motor or 2 motors are pressed the electric model operation in second motor 4, realize direct coupling with driving engine 1 outputting power, the direct combination drive pattern in parallel of stepless change with 3 kinds of forms, can when obtaining good car load dynamic property, improve optimized for energy efficiency.
(6) multi-mode infinitely variable generating combination drive
Under the conation force mode in office selected after, less at closed-center system 9 dump energies, driving engine also has under the remaining situation after satisfying car load driving torque demand, can move by generator mode by making in first motor 2 or second motor 4 one, replenish the closed-center system electric energy, or provide part or all of electric energy to another motor by electric motor mode operation, the driving engine operating efficiency is improved, and be used to realize the electric quantity balancing of closed-center system 9 simultaneously and satisfy the requirement of car load dynamic property.
(7) multi-mode regenerative braking energy feedback
Under the conation force mode in office selected after, in car brakeing or moderating process, described driving engine 1 stop oil and described second motor 4 by electrical generator work, enter the regenerative braking energy feedback pattern.Because described power-transfer clutch 3 is switched to or keeps released state, the energy feedback loss in efficiency that can avoid the towing astern to described driving engine 1 to cause.Because second motor 4 is a high-power high pulling torque motor, and remains mechanical connection with wheel, therefore can carry out regenerative brake and feedback energy at any time as required, and feedback power is big than general parallel system and combined hybrid system.Therefore, can cancel the retarder that has now on the vehicle.
(8) stopping for charging
At dead ship condition, the electric weight of closed-center system 9 is too low as described, can carry out the stopping for charging pattern.In the stopping for charging pattern, power-transfer clutch 3 is in released state, by pressing generation mode work with first motor 2 of driving engine 1 driving, gives closed-center system 9 chargings.After the electric weight of closed-center system 9 surpassed a setting value, the stopping for charging pattern finished.
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 2, present embodiment is a prioritization scheme of the present invention, on the basis of embodiment one, be provided with power-transfer clutch 11 between second motor 4 and the pattern gearshift 5, the input end of power-transfer clutch 11 is connected with the mouth of second motor 4, and the mouth of power-transfer clutch 3 is connected with the input end of pattern gearshift 5.
Power-transfer clutch 11 can be the electrical autocontrol power-transfer clutch.Other parts connection, working process, system running pattern and basic controlling strategy do not repeat them here with embodiment one.
Present embodiment can make system not stop and adapt to different road conditions automatically, further the system dynamic performance of optimizing because the existence of power-transfer clutch 11 makes the gear shift of pattern gearshift 5 is switched and can carried out under the speed of a motor vehicle arbitrarily.
Embodiment three
As shown in Figure 3, present embodiment is another prioritization scheme of the present invention, on the basis of embodiment one,
Also comprise the shock absorber 12 that is arranged between the driving engine 1 and first motor 2.The input end of shock absorber 12 is connected with the crankshaft output end of driving engine 1, and the mouth of shock absorber 12 is connected with the input end of first motor 2.Other parts connection, working process, system running pattern and basic controlling strategy do not repeat them here with embodiment one.
Present embodiment is because the existence of shock absorber 12, with the harmful effect of further avoiding existing to the bent axle of driving engine 1.
Embodiment four
As shown in Figure 4, present embodiment is another prioritization scheme of the present invention, on the basis of embodiment one, between second motor 4 and pattern gearshift 5, be provided with power-transfer clutch 11, the input end of power-transfer clutch 11 is connected with the mouth of second motor 4, the mouth of power-transfer clutch 11 is connected with the input end of pattern gearshift 5, be arranged at the shock absorber 12 between the driving engine 1 and first motor 2, the input end of shock absorber 12 is connected with the crankshaft output end of driving engine 1, and the mouth of shock absorber 12 is connected with the input end of first motor 2.Each parts connection, working process, system running pattern and basic controlling strategy do not repeat them here referring to embodiment one, embodiment two and embodiment three.
Present embodiment can make system not stop and adapt to different road conditions automatically, further the system dynamic performance of optimizing because the existence of power-transfer clutch 11 and shock absorber 12 on the one hand, makes the gear shift of pattern gearshift 5 is switched and can carried out under the speed of a motor vehicle arbitrarily.On the other hand, with the harmful effect of further avoiding to exist to the bent axle of driving engine 1.
Claims (8)
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Application publication date: 20091007 |