CN101583402B - spherical filler - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the provision of a spherical hollow filling body for filling a container for combustible and ignitable liquids or gases, and also to a particularly advantageous method of use of the filling body, for example for: reducing explosive combustion processes and explosions, extinguishing flames, as corrosion protection in tank containers, separating fuel and water, as bacteria and fungi protection in fuel tanks, as theft protection, reducing hydrocarbon emissions, improving the stability and collision safety of tank containers, reducing the "boil-off effect" of hydrogen, for use in the chemical industry, deriving static electricity from fuel containers, anti-electromagnetic interference protection, reducing and delaying the effect of boiling liquid expansion steam explosion, increasing the filling volume of gas containers, heating and cooling liquids and gases, and reducing evaporation losses. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the filler. Fig. 1 shows a spherical filling body according to the invention, which comprises a plurality of disc-shaped circular vertical planes 1, 2 and 3 and disc-shaped circular horizontal planes 7, 8 and 10 extending parallel to one another. The circular opening 6 is located in the center of the horizontal plane 10, said circular opening 6 together with the upper inwardly open sleeve 4 and the lower inwardly open sleeve 5 forming an axially through-going tube from the upper side 4 to the lower side 5, wherein the inner diameters of the sleeve-like and inwardly open circular bodies 4 and 5 and the inner diameter of the circular opening 6 are the same. The vertical plane 1 extends from the outer edge of the spherical body to the edge of each circular opening 4, 5 and 6, while the horizontal planes 7, 10 and 8 extend parallel around said opening, respectively. The vertical plane 2 extends from the outer edge of the spherical body to half the distance between the outer edge of the spherical body and the edge of the circular openings 5 and 6 of the horizontal plane on the horizontal planes 8 and 10. The vertical plane 3 forms a connection between the horizontal planes 7 and 8 and the sleeves 4 and 5, above 4 and below 5. The openings 9 are located in the horizontal planes 8 and 7. The openings 9 are arranged such that on the horizontal plane 8, an opening 9 is arranged between the vertical planes 1 and 2, respectively, and on the horizontal plane 7, an opening 9 is arranged between the vertical planes 3, respectively.

Description

spherical filler

technical field

The invention relates to an object having the shape of a spherical hollow filling body for filling containers for combustible and ignitable liquids or gases, and to a particularly advantageous method of use of said object, for example for Protection against explosive combustion processes and explosions, for extinguishing flames, as protection against corrosion in tank containers, for separating fuel and water, as protection against bacteria and fungi in fuel tanks, as protection against theft, for reducing hydrocarbons Emissions, for increasing the stability and crash safety of tank containers, for reducing the "evaporation effect" of hydrogen, for use in the chemical industry, for conducting static electricity away from fuel containers, for protection against electromagnetic interference , for reducing and delaying boiling liquid expansion vapor explosion effects, for increasing the filling capacity of gas containers, for heating and cooling liquids and gases, and for reducing evaporation losses. In addition, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing this object.

Background technique

In particular to reduce the risk of explosion in fuel tanks and/or gas tanks (liquefied gas containers), it is known to use metal mesh panels provided with cutouts, wherein it basically has applications of the following type, that is, with rollers or balls The shape fits inside a box or container, where it results in a significant surface increase, but occupies a small proportion of the box volume. Basically aluminum or an aluminum alloy is used here as material, since this material is particularly soft and can therefore be processed particularly advantageously by known methods in which the incisions are made by knife cylinders, since the hardness of the knife cylinders of course limits the material selection. This basic principle of machining with toothed cylinders has changed repeatedly in the last ten years, wherein the basic changes mainly relate to the optimization of the individual components of the machine, especially the stretching mechanism (see EP 340 619B, DE 2801 312C2, DE 3814448A1).

However, practice has shown that chips and particles are emitted during cutting with the toothed cylinder, which is clearly disadvantageous in the application on which the invention is based. Primarily when tensile materials are used as explosion protection material in fuel tanks, these particles get into the fuel and with them into the filter system of the internal combustion engine and into the internal combustion engine itself, where they cause damage. As already suggested in EP 912 267B, in order to provide a remedy for this, an incision is made in the material web by means of a cutting unit emitting a laser beam, a water beam or an electron beam without a knife cylinder, wherein a plurality of such The cutting units are fixedly arranged side by side transversely to the running direction of the thin web, so that discontinuous longitudinal sections are arranged side by side in the web passing beneath it, and accordingly a plurality of longitudinal wires are provided as cutting units. The advantage of this technique is that now no chips or similar particles fall down during cutting, and no lubricant is required as in the case of knife cylinders, so that a clean drawn material can be obtained - above all also from higher Surface hardness materials such as precious metals. Such materials with longitudinal slits are then stretched, with the serious disadvantage that the stretching of the web of material with longitudinal slits has to be effected by pulling apart the belt in the width direction, with the widening of the web as well as the web in the running direction The above shortening is realized at the same time. However, the pulling apart transversely to the longitudinal direction of the web is only achieved with relatively complex edge-side clamping devices for the belt, wherein a specific drive chain or toothed belt travel is required, as also in said EP 912 267B explain.

In order to eliminate these and further disadvantages, it is proposed according to the invention in patent application PCT/AT2005/000392 (WO2006/034522A1) that the cuts are arranged transversely in metal webs, in particular laminar metal webs made of precious metals Slit, in which the cutting beam is moved along a transverse line relative to the material web and is simultaneously opened and closed so that mutually spaced, i.e. mutually separated, cross-sections are formed, whereby after stretching the desired web shape is achieved structure. A similar method is also known from patent US 2001/001986A1.

What all these methods have in common is that the metal mesh panels thus produced are installed in a spherical shape inside the container to be protected. In the use of spherical metal mesh panels as explosion protection, the disadvantage is that the container is filled with a block made of metal mesh panels, the outer dimensions of which correspond to the inner dimensions of the container, and therefore the block cannot or is difficult in the event of damage Remove from container. For example, fillings made of metal mesh may need to be removed from the container due to desired cleaning or inspection of the container's inner walls. Furthermore, a fundamental disadvantage of this technology is that the containers cannot be filled afterwards through small openings (eg tank filling nozzles). It is therefore always advisable to produce the small filling body from metal mesh and to introduce the small filling body afterwards into the interior of the container through the container opening. Thus, it is known, for example, from British patent GB 20 28 129 to use a square, rectangular, cylindrical or spherical shape made of metal mesh in this way. Basically, the method used to manufacture such balls is the same, since the raw material used for the manufacture is always a produced metal mesh, whereby the metal mesh is shaped in different ways into spherical or ellipsoidal bodies (cf.: DE3816792C2, EP0486464A1, EP0558163B1, AT389479B, WO/1993/008361).

However, practice has shown that none of these production methods can provide problem-free results, since such filling bodies, which are always produced from metal mesh sheets, are not spherical, but in the best case spherical stamped bodies, which due to the metal mesh The tendency of the bent-up or pressed-down recess edges of the plates to catch and cause mutual jamming does not at least fully satisfy the required security. With hitherto known production methods, the outside of the produced spherical stamped body is machined and not smooth. As a result, the balls do not reliably roll away from each other, and it is therefore never ensured whether the balls reliably fill the protected container up to the last area. Thus, a fixed bridge can be formed inside the box, which realizes a hollow space. The main danger here is that, for effective explosion protection, it is functionally important that no hollow spaces remain within the box interior. In addition, filling bodies made of aluminum tend to rub strongly against each other due to mutual scraping contact, if installed in the container. In addition, it has been found that spherical stamped bodies made of pressed or formed metal mesh do not permanently have the required dimensional stability or strength against gas or liquid pressure peaks, so that in a filled petrol tank at relatively low A sinking of the balls occurs after long periods of use - so-called "nesting" - and the tank therefore no longer remains filled to the required quantity for explosion protection. Furthermore, the filling body is so unstable that filling the filling body with the blowing device into the tank and in particular suctioning the filling body out of the tank can lead to damage and deformation of the filling body. In order to enable better filling of such filling bodies made of metal mesh, it is known to surround this filling body with a liquid-dissolvable film which surrounds the filling body during filling and then After contact with the fuel liquid (for example gasoline), it dissolves without residue within a certain period of time, so that only the filling body remains in the interior of the container. However, the basic disadvantages of packing bodies made of metal mesh are common, which also result, depending on the method, from the fact that the metal mesh is stamped and formed, and the packing bodies produced in this manufacturing principle Geometric features that do not strictly follow computational definitions (strict extrusions, volumes, etc.). However, it is known from practice that this is the basic main criterion for the use of potentially large customers of this type of explosion protection. Aircraft manufacturers, for example, have to know exactly the weight of the explosion protection to be constructed, as well as the strict volumetric extrusion. The manufacturer must be able to ensure that the filled filling body can be sucked out of the filled box and can be filled again with the same characteristics. Furthermore, any risk of corrosion and friction must be reliably avoided. These insecurities for users and customers lead to the fact that, although this concept is present on the market thirty years from now, the presently described filling bodies made of metal mesh have not achieved widespread market penetration. As serious disadvantages of packing bodies produced from metal mesh according to the mentioned method, the case is also mentioned in particular that this packing body is clearly deficient with regard to its ability to flow through liquids and gases, and practically has significant flow resistance. In general, besides the important disadvantage of the whole method, the insertion of a metal mesh sheet with the shape of a reticulated ball and a filling body made of metal mesh sheets, so that this applied physical principle of surface enlargement or flame cooling is only suitable for preventing explosions , but not suitable for preventing or extinguishing flames. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is now to provide a filling body which is substantially more effective than known products not only in preventing fuel tank explosions but also in extinguishing surface fires, and which satisfies a series of additional In the case of claims made in order to be more effective than known products, the objects and advantages of the filling body are explained in a separate description. To solve this technical problem, the present invention proposes a novel spherical hollow filling body, as well as a method for the manufacture of this filling body, as defined in the appended independent claims. Advantageous application methods are given in the dependent claims. The invention refers to a method of the aforementioned type which enables the production of strictly defined and identical filling bodies with the desired properties from the best suitable materials respectively for a particular purpose of use, said filling bodies The described disadvantages of the packing bodies made of metal mesh used so far are not present.

Contents of the invention

This technical problem is solved by the filling body specified in the claims. The advantage of the described filling body is that it has a spherical shape with an absolutely smooth surface which is ideal for the method in the claims, which rolls away relatively well and fills the container with maximum reliability until the last area. Bridge structures must not occur as a result of the interlocking of the filling bodies. By means of the production method defined in the claims, the properties necessary for the respective purpose of use of the filling body are precisely set and the same is guaranteed for all filling bodies. A further advantage of the packing body is that it has the smallest possible volume compression and the lowest possible weight. Although the container must be filled with the filling body according to the invention, the filling body must have a large hollow space part, so that the capacity of the container for the liquid content is as small as possible due to the filling with the filling body decrease, where for example values are typically between 1% and 5%. For this purpose, all said filling bodies have exactly the same size, shape, density and the same weight. The filling body has the advantage of having the highest possible conductivity (thermal and electrical conduction) and high strength stability. Thus, it is ensured that in a container filled with said filling body, the volume loss does not exceed 1% to 5% of the volume and that the weight gain of the filled container is negligible compared to the advantages of said filling body. Furthermore, it is ensured that, due to the high stability of the filling bodies, under the load of liquid waves or gas waves (liquid peaks and gas peaks), or under the weight load of the filling bodies placed one above the other, no filling is caused. Partial rupture of the body. A further advantage of the packing body is that the packing body has the largest possible surface area despite its compact volume. The packing body forms the largest possible surface area, but on the other hand has a structure for the lowest possible pressure loss. A further advantage of the filling body is that it is optimized in terms of flow technology so that it has the lowest possible flow resistance for liquids or gases, as the filling body is in the entire filling of the container, up to the filling with the described body container. A further advantage of the filling body is that a through-going hollow space within the filling body is achieved, allowing the hollow body to be integrated in the filling body without problems. It is therefore proposed according to the invention to store fire-retardant or fire-extinguishing substances, or active or passive electronic transceivers, in the hollow body. Furthermore, it is proposed according to the invention that the hollow body in the filling body is made of a refractory floating foam material, so that this hollow body is used as a floating body for the filling body and thus makes the filling body floatable. Through the disclosable features of the filling body as shown in Fig. 01, Fig. 02 and Fig. 03, it is possible to prevent the currently known cylindrical or ellipse made of metal mesh, shown as 12 in Fig. 05 Disadvantages of spherical packing bodies made of metal mesh sheets, shown as 13 in FIG. 06 . The currently known filling bodies, shown as 11 in FIG. 04 , tend to get caught in geometrically curved ducts, especially when introduced. FIG. 07 shows a duct 14 , which is filled with the currently used filling body made of metal mesh 15 , and in which the filling body 15 is blocked in a region 17 at a bend 16 . This danger is prevented with the filler body according to the invention. FIG. 08 thus shows a duct 18 into which the filling bodies 19 proposed according to the invention are blown in direction 21 without causing the proposed filling bodies 19 to become clogged at the bend 20 of the duct due to interlocking, so that the filling bodies 19 continues unhindered in direction 21 . A particularly advantageous application of the filling body proposed according to the invention is explained in particular from FIG. 09 . In this case, the filling body 23 according to the invention is introduced via a filling line 22 into a tank container 24 which is filled with fuel 25 . This introduction is made easier by the particularly advantageous shape and characteristics of the filling body according to the invention, as illustrated in FIG. Here only its filling nozzle is visible) can be filled without difficulty into the existing tank opening 26 of the passenger car. An essential component of the packing body proposed according to the invention is the hollow space 30 of the packing body 29 proposed according to the invention shown in FIG. 11 . This hollow space, as shown in FIG. 12 , offers the possibility of integrating a hollow or solid body 31 in the filling body 29 proposed according to the invention.

Additional objects and advantages are apparent from the description below.

It is known that for an explosion to occur inside a tank container, three essential elements must be present, namely pressure, an ignitable mixture of fuel vapor and oxygen, and an ignition pulse. In many containers containing liquid substances with an explosion hazard, especially if the container is only partially filled with liquid, the main hazard exists is the fuel vapor/oxygen mixture and the pressure, such that by accidental ignition pulses or by superheating of the container walls explosion occurs. Therefore, it is proposed according to the invention to completely fill existing containers, such as fuel tanks, which contain liquid substances with an explosion hazard, during construction or subsequently, with the filling body according to the invention. If such a container filled with the filling body according to the invention is ignited, it does not lead to an explosion of the explosive gas accumulated in the free space of the container, because the filling body according to the invention leads to the accumulation of explosive gases in the free space of the container. Normal controlled burnout of explosive gases and cooling of the flame.

In the novel method of a further embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous if a flame-retardant active substance is integrated into the filling body. The integration of the flame-retardant active substance allows for the simple and first solution of hitherto insoluble problems associated with explosion-resistant filling materials. For example, if a tank truck filled with fuel is involved in an accident and its tank is torn and gasoline leaks out, installing a metal mesh panel inside the tank does not prevent the tank truck from exploding temporarily, but does not prevent, for example, the leaked fuel from being destroyed outside the vehicle. ignites and then causes a fire. In this case, the flame-retardant active substance in the filling body now acts and extinguishes the flame. For this purpose, a fire extinguishing gel - preferably a polymer-based fire extinguishing gel - is placed in a hollow body with a wax shell, which melts at a certain temperature and releases the contents - ie polymer-based Extinguishing gel. Other fire retardant fillers may be sodium bicarbonate, zinc or sodium borate, calcium bromide, calcium chloride dihydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate or oleate (salt or ester of oleic acid).

In the novel method of a further embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous to coat the filling body according to the invention with an alkali metal dichromate in order to remove water from the fuel. The problem here is that the presence of water in the fuel—for example, diesel in marine regions—is undesirable and harmful to the downstream engine. Here, the prior art is to remove water with separators and filters. However, the present invention is simpler. Here, it is particularly effective if the coating of the filling body according to the invention is an alkali metal dichromate, since the dichromate contained therein acts to remove water from the fuel and from the fuel container. effect.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous to make the filling body buoyant and to provide several specific chambers in the filling body for this purpose, products with specific characteristics It can be introduced into the chamber after the production of the filling body is complete. The introduction of floating bodies (floating bodies) made of non-combustible materials is therefore considered here in particular. In this further embodiment of the invention, the integration of a buoyant body made of non-combustible material as a buoyant body offers the possibility of using the filling body not only for the complete filling of the fuel container, but also in particular for Storage tanks—for example in oil refineries and airports—are also explosion-protected for containers by covering the stored explosive liquid entirely with a single or multiple layers of the buoyant filling body according to the invention. In this way, a reliable flame and ignition barrier is formed between the liquid and the gas/air mixing space above it. It is also possible to extinguish a fire by spreading a large number of balls or spheres without gaps over the burning surface and thus smothering the fire. In this case, the fire-extinguishing capability of the balls or spherical bodies produced according to the invention is based on the fact that the flames on the surface of the burning material do not penetrate the filling body. With a typical fire, the heat of the burning material causes the material to vaporize on the surface and mix above the surface with oxygen in the atmosphere to create a combustible mixture. If a filling body according to the invention is arranged between the surface of the burning material and the atmosphere, the thermal conductivity of said filling body reduces the heat of the fire and thus reduces the amount of steam produced. Furthermore, the packing prevents the flame on the surface of the burning material from allowing the combustible mixture including steam and atmosphere to reach above the fire and thus acts as an ignition barrier. Likewise, within the scope of other applications of the invention, it is particularly advantageous to integrate a fire-resistant filler such as oleate or a chemically similar compound into the filler body, since oleate produces dense steam, which coats the burning material and thus supports rapid flame suffocation.

In the novel method of a further embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous to insert the filling bodies into air-conditioning shafts, roof shafts and pipes and lines. In this case, the filling body acts as a permanent ignition and flame barrier through which air and gas can pass, preventing the risk of “flash-through” of explosive gas/air mixtures. For this purpose, only parts of the shafts and passages, or the entire shafts and the entire passages, are filled with the filling body according to the invention.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous that the special shape of the filling body—here the packing body with integrated material that expands significantly under heat—incorporates Shafts of air-conditioning equipment, roof shafts and inside pipes and lines. The filling body thus not only serves as a permanent ignition barrier through which air and gases can pass, preventing the risk of "blow-by" of explosive gas/air mixtures, but also through the combustion of the material integrated in the filling body. Thermally expands significantly and seals the entire space to be protected airtightly preventing the spread of highly toxic fumes that occur in combustion situations. For this purpose, only parts of the shafts and passages, or the entire shafts and the entire passages, are filled with the filling body according to the invention.

In the novel method of a further embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous to use the filling body as a bacterial barrier, for example in shafts of air-conditioning systems located in hospitals. For this purpose, the filling body is coated with an antibacterial and antifungal layer made of, for example, noble metal. Such coated filling bodies destroy bacteria and viruses contained in the passing air on contact and thus effectively prevent the spread of so-called "hospital germs" through the air-conditioning systems of hospital buildings. Due to the special configuration of the packing body, the packing body can be sucked out, cleaned and reinserted in the cleaned state into the air-conditioning system in each case of soiling.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the invention, the integration of active or passive transponders in the stuffing body according to the invention offers additional special advantages: in particular for the identification of goods or animals, and contactless ticketing systems , such as rechargeable tickets for transportation, have used RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology. With this known RFID technology, information characterizing objects can be exchanged quickly and easily electronically and without physical contact. Basically, an RFID system consists of a reading device - a so-called "reader" and an answering device - a so-called "transponder". It is therefore known in the aspect of the invention that such a transceiver can comprise an electronic memory as well as a transmit/receive antenna and can be integrated in a paper ticket ("Smart Tag") or in a fixed housing ("TAG"). The heart of the transceiver is the electronic memory, which serves as the actual information carrier. Data can be stored on the chip, which is only the size of a grain of sand, with which, for example, each individual piece can be identified as a goods, and not only as in the known barcode (barcode) for each goods group. Information is read from and written to the chip by means of a transmission field, by reflection of radio frequency signals, by induction in a magnetic field or by image charges in an electric field. Basically there are two types of transponders: active and passive, the active transponder has its own power thanks to a battery, which of course generates electromagnetic waves, and the passive transponder is supplied by the reader during writing and reading energy. It is known from the prior art that existing transponders are integrated, for example, in glass columns, plastic sheets and check cards. They are installed, for example, in or on transport containers, glass bottles, drinking buckets, cooling and rolling containers (Roll containers) and refillable bottles, as well as in living objects (eg tags for dogs and cats). For RFID technology, the key deployment is in the automotive industry, which uses this technology especially for product control and monitoring. However, as new possibilities of advantageous use of RFID technology, anti-theft protection for single-wheeled and multi-wheeled vehicles is gaining in importance. In this case, the transponder is inseparably connected to certain parts of the single-wheeled vehicle (for example the frame) and certain parts of the multi-wheeled vehicle (for example the bumper). Stolen vehicles are stored in a central database accessible to police and repair shops. The transceiver automatically responds to the reading devices of police and repair shops whenever they are in the vicinity of the reading devices. The disadvantage here, however, is that professional thieves are constantly gaining knowledge about this system and replacing certain parts of stolen vehicles (eg bumpers) as soon as they locate and/or only estimate the presence of a transceiver at that part. Retrofitting RF transceivers as described is therefore difficult for lay consumers, since the transceivers, for example affixed by them (for example in the cabin of a vehicle), are particularly vulnerable to criminals. Now, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to suggest a particularly advantageous arrangement of such RF transceivers. Therefore, in order to solve this technical problem, the invention also advantageously proposes to integrate an active or passive transceiver in the filling body. As already stated, the purpose of the filling body according to the invention according to claims 1 to 32 is essentially to pass existing containers, for example fuel tanks, which contain liquid substances which are at risk of explosion, through existing The filling opening is subsequently filled with the filling body. A particular advantage here is that the transponder can thus be accommodated in a space inside the wheeled or multi-wheeled vehicle, the thief of the wheeled or multi-wheeled vehicle simply destroying the fuel tank made of plastic or metal To get this transceiver. However, experience has shown that such criminals have no interest in performing such extensive modifications on stolen vehicles. The filling body can be introduced into the fuel tank at any time subsequently by means of a suitable injection device. If explosion protection of the container is desired, the entire container is filled with the filling body according to the invention. In this case, only some of the filling bodies need to be equipped with transponders in order to advantageously also serve for identification in addition to explosion protection. However, if this explosion protection is not desired, it is also possible and expedient to introduce only some or more of a plurality of said filling bodies into the box - also for accommodating the transceiver. It may be sufficient to have some of the filling bodies with some transceivers, however it is also proposed according to the invention for safety reasons to introduce a plurality of such "transceiver filling bodies according to the invention, depending on the purpose of use and the size of the container. ". It is particularly advantageous that a plurality of data can be stored on the transponder, which are used not only for anti-theft protection, but also, for example, for environmental protection, or also contain data about responsible maintenance work and safety parameters of filled containers. Thus, it can be advantageous to fill, for example, the wing tanks of an aircraft with the filling body according to the invention, and by means of the hybrid transceiver ball or filling body according to the invention, important data relevant to the safety of the aircraft can be stored . With the transponder ball manufactured and introduced according to the invention inside the fuel tank, the police are able to identify stolen vehicles at checkpoints with hand-held reading devices. For example, at border checkpoints or certain highway sections, fully automatic detection is also realized by installing so-called "scanning doors" on both sides of the lane. This is an invisible radio cabinet, which is checked for transponder signals when driving past and an alarm is issued if a stolen vehicle is reported. It is also possible to install a reading device on a police vehicle (highway police), which scans for other vehicles passing by.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the present invention, it is also particularly advantageous to completely fill the fuel tanks of vehicles (aircraft, ships and ground vehicles) with the filling body according to the present invention, and to chemically and Storage tanks in the petrochemical industry, as well as storage tanks with fuel, thus reduce for the first time in a completely new way the crucial problem of the emission of hydrocarbon fractions (so-called "greenhouse gases") into the environment. Hydrocarbons are released through the exhaust during incomplete or missing combustion of fuel in the engine. Furthermore, considerable amounts reach the atmosphere through the evaporation of gasoline. Evaporation of hydrocarbons e.g. from the vehicle's fuel tank and other fuel-conducting components (fuel channel, carburetor, filter, carbon canister, etc.) . Hydrocarbon (HC) evaporative emissions are formed, for example, by the difference in pressure between the gas chamber of the fuel container and the float chamber of the carburetor. The hydrocarbon evaporative emissions occur in a stationary vehicle as fuel tank breathing emissions due to diurnal variations in temperature, during a hot stop after a long drive and during a cold stop after a short drive. Even if e.g. a plastic tank is visually completely closed (tank cap screwed on), the tank is not airtight because the plastic HDPE usually used for fuel tanks is in fact permeable to hydrocarbons at the molecular level and this harmful substance diffuses into environment. Fuel-rich HDPE is also a problem in recycling because the tank walls are "sucked up" with hydrocarbons and such contaminated containers are considered special waste and cannot be disposed of simply by grinding. Awareness of this fact has led to stringent regulatory changes in some states (of the United States), especially in California. In California, the licensing of vehicles, and thus the sale of vehicles, is dependent on the emissions of this hydrocarbon. This does not only concern the fuel tank and its access channels, but the entire vehicle. This requirement is increasingly becoming mandatory in Europe, making material selection an increasing role in the development and manufacture of fuel tanks. The problem of such substances reaching the atmosphere by evaporation and volatilization is not only for the fuel tanks of passenger cars, but also for storage tanks of all types of movable and non-movable chemical liquids and fuels. Volatile organic compound (abbreviated as: VOC, volatile organic compound) is a general term for organic substances that are easy to evaporate (ie, volatilize) or are gaseous at low temperatures (such as room temperature), that is, carbon-containing substances. In the also very commonly used abbreviation NMVOC (non methane volatile organic compound), the gas methane is excluded from the VOC group. The word "volatile" means that substances belonging to the group of VOCs evaporate (volatilize) rapidly due to their high vapor pressure or low boiling point. Volatile Organic Compounds are classified according to WHO by their boiling point or their resulting volatility. Of course, there is no uniform definition of what a VOC actually is. Some definitions actually contain a statement for the vapor pressure, while others, often new definitions, are defined by their photochemical reactivity eg as precursor species for the formation of ozone. Furthermore, in some definitions, certain organic substances are explicitly excluded. To solve said problem, the invention advantageously proposes to fill fuel tanks and storage tanks in vehicles (ground vehicles, ships, aircraft) with filling bodies according to the invention, or to fill the surface of the liquid to be stored Filled in multiple layers by a "floating" filling body according to claim 44 to thereby reduce vaporization, evaporation and Volatilizes, and thus also reduces the emission of hydrocarbons to the environment from the vehicle's fuel and storage tanks. A particularly advantageous effect of the filling body according to the invention is that the filling body significantly slows down and reduces vaporization, evaporation and volatilization, because the strong heat conduction through the filling body leads to lower evaporation and, moreover, to the gas in the container. Condensation again on the filling body inside.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous to convert fuel tanks, pipelines and pressure vessels with liquid and gaseous fuels of vehicles (aircraft, ships, spacecraft and land vehicles) It is completely filled with the filling body in order to thereby increase the stability of the filled container wall against external influences. In the event of an accident, an external force acting on the tank or storage container presents a significant risk, since this can lead to penetrating damage or rupture of the tank or storage container. A further problem is the risk of inward rupture when the tank container is emptied, eg in oil tank trucks without forced ventilation. In this case, an internal negative pressure is generated by evacuating the contents of the tank container, and a sudden collapse of the tank container is caused by the external overpressure present due to the loading of the atmosphere. The same applies to pipelines and pressure vessels that are not designed to withstand vacuum and whose safety valves fail. It is therefore proposed according to the invention to fill the entire container with the filling body according to the invention. Due to this complete filling, in the event of a penetration loss or inward rupture of the tank skin, the filling body counteracts with a "counterpressure" the forces acting from the outside of the tank towards the center of the tank.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous that the filling body is filled with fuel and chemical liquids and gases for explosion protection and deflagration protection during maintenance work. In the box, and the box to be protected is completely filled with the filling body according to the present invention. Repair work on a filled or emptied but not yet cleaned tank container is obviously risky, as sparks can be caused during the repair work (for example, welding work), and relatedly can further cause Explosion or outbreak of explosive gas/air mixture. In the current state of the art, such tanks are first completely emptied before starting maintenance work and then the inside walls of the tank have to be cleaned of residues. It is therefore proposed according to the invention to fill the entire tank with the filling body according to the invention. Due to the high thermal conductivity of the filling body, each spark splash is counteracted on the basis of the surface enlargement principle and does not lead to ignition of the explosive gas/air mixture. Hazard-free repair work is thus achieved even in the presence of explosive gas/air mixtures in the fuel tank.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the present invention, it is also particularly advantageous that the filling body is placed in the hydrogen tank in order to slow down the volatilization of hydrogen, and that the tank to be protected is completely filled in order to The filler. Hydrogen storage has obvious problems. Despite the extensive and multiple isolation of the hydrogen tank, at minus 253° C. the hydrogen already starts to heat up after a short time and then volatilizes (the so-called “evaporation effect”). Currently, losses are up to approximately 4% to 6% every 24 hours. This known problem presents a major obstacle to the use of hydrogen as a fuel for vehicles worldwide. It is therefore proposed according to the invention to fill the entire hydrogen tank with the filling body according to the invention. The filling body significantly slows down and reduces the vaporization of hydrogen, since the strong heat conduction through the filling body leads to low evaporation of hydrogen and this leads to recondensation of hydrogen on the filling body in the closed container.

In the novel method of a further embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous to use the packing bodies according to the invention as packing bodies in the chemical industry. It is known that a packing body promotes the distribution of the medium (water, steam, gas, etc.) surrounding it. This packing body is used in large tanks or towers to change the medium surrounding it (washing, bioconversion, coagulation, etc.). Packing bodies of this type are used, for example, in rectification under vacuum and atmospheric pressure, adsorption, stripping, extraction, vapor condensation, and in regenerative heat exchange. Depending on the purpose of use, such packing bodies are used as loose charges horizontally or vertically in pipes or columns. Such installations are known as "fillers". Here, it is advantageous to have a large surface area with low flow resistance, especially when packing bodies are used in cooling towers or static mixers. Static mixers are always used if gas and/or liquid streams must be combined as uniformly as possible and at the same time without pressure loss. This static mixer is often used, for example, to ensure a constant temperature when making a caustic soda mixture of a certain concentration and mixing it with gas. A separation column packed with a loose layer of packing is called a packed column in the chemical industry. In this case, the packing body is located within the loose charge on a perforated exchange floor through which the steam flows. Especially in the case of mutual transverse flow or straight flow, the gaseous medium usually flows through the column from bottom to top and the liquid flows in the opposite flow from top to bottom. The packing body according to the invention can advantageously and according to the invention replace the packing bodies used up to now and offer clear advantages over the packing bodies used up to now. This ensures reliable avoidance of the risk of vertical mutual insertion of the filling bodies, so-called “embedding”—which can lead to the formation of bridges, for example to the formation of dead zones. Furthermore, the filling bodies according to the invention can be made of refractory metals and thus withstand higher temperatures than currently used filling bodies made of polypropylene, PVDF and heat-stabilized polypropylene. The packing body according to the invention is thus advantageously suitable for different operating situations and can be adapted to its respective task. It is particularly advantageous when using the packing body according to the invention that it has a large surface area and at the same time low flow losses and pressure losses. Furthermore, since the filling body is insensitive to contamination and encrustations, it is eminently suitable for use with liquids laden with solids.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous that, depending on the specific purpose of use, the filling body is provided with antibacterial (anti-virus and bacteria) and anti-fungal (anti-fungal) properties. feature. This can be achieved on the one hand by imparting the desired characteristics to the metal from which the filling body is made, or by providing the filling body with a corresponding effective coating (for example, by coating the surface of the filling body with a noble metal) . It thus becomes possible to solve the major problems worldwide in the area of storage tanks and fuel tanks, in particular in marine areas, without the use of chemical additives and with simple outlay. The side effects of the sterilization process in the fuel, which are caused by the introduction of pathogens or condensed water, are referred to as “Dieselpest” here. It is known in this respect that, for example, the attack of such microorganisms on lubricating oil and diesel tanks can occur every time the tank is filled, but also by emptying the tank and any further contamination. Diesel and lubricating oils deteriorate in quality as a result of microbial attack. In addition, biological metabolites damage the material of filter elements, lines and especially tank walls. For example, it is known that a biological metabolite - hydrogen sulfide - mainly supports corrosion and further clogs pipes, injection pumps and filter elements by forming microbial slime. The state of the art is to try to protect the diesel fuel before the water concentration rises, for example, by means of filters and water separators (mainly combined elements comprising filter layers and a phase separator/coalescing filter element with subsequent separation membranes). - Water here is the basis for the attack and proliferation of microorganisms. However, if the tank has become contaminated with microorganisms, the microorganisms are killed by using specific biocides. The construction and maintenance of said prior art is expensive, and safety is not absolutely guaranteed.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the present invention, it is also particularly advantageous that the filling body is installed in the fuel tank of a vehicle (aircraft, ship, spacecraft and land vehicle) to reduce the amount of liquid and liquefied gas The "fluctuation effect" and completely fill the tank with the filling body. In the braking or acceleration of the fluid, the fluid acts as an "inertial mass", eg the fluid sways backwards when accelerating and forwards when braking. The same is true for cornering, where centrifugal force moves the fluid towards the outside of the bend. This sudden weight shift of liquids and liquefied gases during transport (for example in ships, also in high seas) presents a particularly high accident risk worldwide. Therefore, due to the instability caused by the wave effect, there are always dangerous goods transport vehicles capsized on the road, and especially ships with a load of liquefied gas capsize in high seas, because the liquefied gas is "intensified" severely, making the ship "rotate around its own axis". According to the state of the art, the negative impact of wave effects is currently reduced by installing so-called "wave baffles". In this case, the wave baffle is a generally perforated partition wall which is installed in the liquid container and acts as a so-called "wave chopper". The wave flap is open and does not reach the cover of the liquid container in height. Surge baffles are additionally installed in the vehicle's fuel tank (here also serving to reduce the noise of the sloshing fuel), and in the engine's oil storage container. In the case of the oil storage container, the oil is thus prevented from being transferred to one side and the oil suction nozzle then sucks in air, and in this case the engine lubrication is interrupted. However, the efficiency of this technique is unsatisfactory, as already detailed, the hazmat vehicle always overturns on road bends. Furthermore, the wave flap is significantly heavier, which leads to an increase in the fuel consumption of the vehicle. Therefore, it is now proposed according to the invention to completely fill the individual tank containers with the filling body according to the invention. Since each individually described packing acts as a "micro-fluctuation baffle" with multiple "wave choppers" and thus splits the liquid load into a number of very small and minimal wave motions, intractable large "waves" and reliably stabilize the liquid.

In the novel method of a further embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous if the filling body is placed in a tank with fuel and chemical liquids and gases in order to dissipate static electricity. Static electricity is, for example, a great danger in aircraft. Thus, the resulting spark spatter (formed by charge cancellation) can lead to ignition of the gas-air mixture located inside the tank and thus to an explosion. It is therefore proposed according to the invention to fill the entire tank with the filling body according to the invention. Due to the high conductivity of the filling body, any static electricity is immediately and permanently dissipated from the tank content, so that sparks can no longer fly when the charges are neutralized.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous that the filling body is packed into a tank with fuel and chemical liquids and gases for protection against electromagnetic interference (EMD-electromagnetic disturbance) protection, and the box to be protected is completely filled with the filling body. Electromagnetic interference, for example in aircraft, is very dangerous because it can lead to disturbances in the electronics of the aircraft, which can further lead to a crash of the aircraft due to the failure of all instruments. It is therefore proposed according to the invention to fill the entire tank with the filling body. Due to the high conductivity of the filling body according to the invention, a tank with fuel and chemical liquids and gases completely filled with said filling body is electromagnetically shielded and protected against electromagnetic interference.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the present invention, it is also particularly advantageous that the filling body is packed into a tank with liquefied flammable gas for preventing B.L.E.V.E (English abbreviation: Boiling Liguid Expanding Vapor Exposure , boiling liquid expansion steam explosion) protection, and the tank to be protected is completely filled with the filling body according to the invention. A B.L.E.V.E is a gaseous explosion of an expanding boiling liquid. B.L.E.V.E can occur especially in pressurized gas containers containing flammable liquefied gases. B.L.E.V.E. is of great danger in tank trucks, for example, because it can cause a powerful explosion following an otherwise relatively harmless tank truck accident. In B.L.E.V.E., the gas first leaks out through the gap and burns quietly, or the gas tank is exposed to an external energy source (such as the combustion of the fuel of the tractor of the gas-hauled tanker after an accident). Due to this energy source, the gas box is heated strongly and the gas inside it is always evaporated. Now, an increasing pressure is built up inside the gas pressure vessel until the fire ruptures the weakened vessel walls. Consequently, a large amount of gas escapes and ignites immediately, so that a violent explosion in the form of a fireball is caused, whereby the burning liquid is splashed. It is therefore proposed according to the invention to fill the entire tank with the filling body according to the invention. A particularly advantageous effect of the packing body according to the invention is that it significantly slows down and reduces the vaporization of the liquid, because the strong heat conduction of the packing body results in lower evaporation and, moreover, causes the gas to be trapped in the closed container. Re-condensation on the filling body. By installing the filling body, the pressure build-up in the gas box is reduced and slowed down in case of an accident, so that fire or rescue forces can have longer time to extinguish the flames before a B.L.E.V.E occurs, or to rescue or evacuate people.

In the novel method of a further embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous to insert the filling body into a gas container, in particular a gas cylinder. Such gas containers, for example high-pressure gas cylinders, are filled such that the gas is introduced into the gas container under significant compression. It is known that this compression, in addition to trying to dense the filling gas, also leads to an undesired temperature increase. This temperature increase is disadvantageous because it results in less filling gas being able to be introduced into the gas container to be filled at a predetermined pressure and volume. Here, it is now proposed according to the invention to completely fill the gas container with the filling body according to claims 6 to 32 . The high conductivity of the filling body effectively absorbs heat from the filling gas during the filling process. Through this cooling of the filling gas, higher filling degrees than hitherto can be achieved at predetermined pressures and volumes.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous that the filling body is used to avoid liquid and gas pressure peaks when filling the tank container with liquid and gas, so that the The filling bodies described in 6 to 32 are required to completely fill the entire box container. Especially when filling gas containers with a filling gas, the inner walls of the container to be filled are subjected to an excessive load due to the occurrence of pressure peaks. Such pressure peaks are produced by introducing the filling gas in the form of a directed jet at high pressure into the gas container to be filled. Here, it is now proposed according to the invention to completely fill the gas container or tank container with the filling body, because the geometry and stability of the filling body have the effect that it will be filled with the gas jet or liquid jet The splitting into a plurality of sub-bundles while inside the container leads to a significant reduction of the pressure peaks in the box container and thus avoids pressure peaks on the inner wall of the container.

In the novel method of a further embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly advantageous if the filling body is used for heating or cooling liquids and gases in tank containers or lines. Substances are usually transported in gaseous or liquid form in tank containers or pipes. The aggregate state of such transported substances depends on the temperature. Thus, for example, when the temperature drops, the material being transported transitions into a dense aggregate state. It is known that in gaseous substances this leads to the settling of condensate and the formation of droplets on the inner walls of the container, whereas liquid substances, by contrast, are prone to so-called "versulzen" (eg "versulzen" of diesel fuel). Such phenomena are undesirable and disadvantageous. Here, it is now proposed according to the invention, by filling the entire tank container or pipeline with a packing body according to one of claims 6 to 32 and providing a permanent, from one packing body on one or more packing bodies The heating or cooling pulse delivered to the next packing body utilizes the outstanding conductivity of the packing body according to one of claims 6 to 32 to heat or cool the substance to be transported "from the inside". This heating and cooling pulse can be produced by a heating or cooling element located outside the tank vessel or pipe by direct contact (where the cooling and heating contact is produced by a conductor in the shape of a rod or ring penetrating the vessel wall or pipe wall) or Indirect contact (without penetrating the container or tube wall, preferably by induction or microwave field) occurs.

In the novel method of another embodiment of the present invention, it is also particularly advantageous that the filling body is used to reduce evaporation losses that ) produced by the evaporation and volatilization of liquid stored in a movable tank container or a non-movable tank container (storage tank). Such evaporation losses are an important factor when transporting liquid fuels in tankers, for example. Passage by water, often of several weeks and due to the temperatures acting overboard, results in significant evaporation of the stored liquid (eg gasoline). It is known that, in one case, even the boil-off gases had to be burned off on board to avoid the risk of explosion. Evaporative losses lead to reduction and loss of the load so that less load reaches the recipient at the end of the transport than at the beginning of the transport. According to the invention it is proposed to completely fill the tank container with the filling body according to the invention. The filling body significantly delays and reduces evaporation and volatilization of the transported substance and thus reduces financial losses for the transporter.

Description of drawings

In FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS. 11 and 12 , the invention is illustrated for example in an embodiment without limiting this embodiment, and the invention is further explained with reference to the drawings.

Shown in detail in the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 shows a side view of a spherical packing body according to the invention;

Figure 2 shows a view from above of a spherical packing body according to the invention;

Figure 3 shows a view from below of a spherical packing body according to the invention;

Figure 4 shows a view of a stretched metal strip according to the prior art;

Figure 5 shows a view of cylindrical and elliptical packing bodies made of metal mesh panels according to the prior art;

Figure 6 shows a view of a spherical packing body made of metal mesh panels according to the prior art;

Figure 7 shows a diagrammatic partial view of a catheter with a plurality of spherical packing bodies made of metal mesh panels according to the prior art located therein;

Figure 8 shows a diagrammatic partial view of a catheter with a plurality of spherical filling bodies according to the invention located therein;

Figure 9 shows a diagrammatic partial view of a fuel tank with a plurality of spherical filling bodies according to the invention located therein;

Figure 10 shows a diagrammatic partial view of a device for filling a fuel tank of a passenger car together with a plurality of spherical filling bodies according to the invention located therein;

Figure 11 shows a side view of a spherical filling body according to the invention, wherein the marked area is used for the introduction of an elongated tubular hollow body; and

FIG. 12 shows a schematic side view of an elongated tubular hollow body.

Detailed ways

Figures 1, 2 and 3 show a spherical packing body according to the invention consisting of a plurality of disc-shaped circular vertical planes 1, 2 and 3 and disc-shaped circular horizontal planes 7, 8 extending parallel to each other and 10 form. Circular opening 6 is positioned at the center of horizontal plane 10, and described circular opening 6 is formed in the center together with the circular sleeve-shaped body 4 of upward inward opening and the circular sleeve-shaped body 5 of downward inward opening from upper sleeve-shaped body 4 to the axial through-pipe of the lower sleeve-shaped body 5, wherein the inner diameters of the sleeve-shaped and inwardly open circular bodies 4 and 5 and the circular opening 6 are the same. From the outer edge of the spherical body a vertical plane 1 extends to the edge of each circular opening 4 , 5 and 6 and to the edge of a horizontal plane 7 , 10 and 8 respectively extending around said opening in parallel. The vertical plane 2 extends from the outer edge of the spherical body to half the distance between the outer edge of the spherical body and the edges of the circular openings 5 and 6 of the horizontal planes 8 and 10 . The vertical plane 3 forms the connection between the horizontal planes 7 and 8 and the sleeves 4 and 5 above 4 and below 5 . The opening 9 is located in the horizontal planes 8 and 7 . The openings 9 are arranged such that on the horizontal plane 8 an opening 9 is arranged between the respective vertical planes 1 and 2 , and on the horizontal plane 7 an opening 9 is arranged between the respective vertical planes 3 .

Figure 4 shows an illustration of a metal mesh panel 11 according to the prior art.

Figure 5 shows a view of a cylindrical packing body 12 made of metal mesh according to the prior art;

Figure 6 shows a view of a spherical packing body 13 made of metal mesh according to the prior art;

FIG. 7 shows a coiled pipe 14 into which spherical packing bodies 15 made of metal mesh sheets according to the prior art (can be bodies 12 and 13 for example) are introduced and here these spherical packing bodies 15 are placed in pipe bends 16 Punching and jamming 17 times.

FIG. 8 shows a coiled pipe 18 in which a spherical packing body 19 according to the invention is introduced in direction 21 , and here the packing body 19 passes through a pipe bend 20 without difficulty, and the packing body 19 in another order in direction 21 through pipeline 18.

FIG. 9 shows a side view of the inside of a fuel tank 24 which is half filled with fuel 25 , wherein a spherical filling body 23 according to the invention is introduced through a filling nozzle 22 .

FIG. 10 shows a schematic illustration of a fuel filler nozzle 26 in a passenger car, in which a spherical filling body 28 according to the invention is introduced via an air blowing device 27 .

FIG. 11 shows a side view of a spherical filling body 29 according to the invention with a tubular axially extending opening 30 shown hatched.

FIG. 12 shows an elongated tubular hollow body 31 inside a filling body 29 according to the invention.

Claims (58)

1. A spherical hollow filling body, said filling body comprising concentric disc-shaped vertical planes (1, 2, 3) arranged relative to a certain angle, characterized in that: three or more disc-shaped vertical planes are provided (1, 2, 3), and perpendicularly thereto two or more disc-shaped horizontal planes (7, 8, 10) extending parallel to each other are arranged. 2. Filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used for filling containers. 3. Filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that said horizontal planes (7, 8, 10) comprise a first horizontal plane (10) in the middle and a second horizontal plane (10) above the first horizontal plane (10). Two horizontal planes (7) and a third horizontal plane (8) below the first horizontal plane (10), the center of the first horizontal plane (10) has a circular first opening (6), and the first horizontal plane (10) has a circular first opening (6). The opening (6), together with the upper circular sleeve-shaped body opening inwardly through the second opening (4) and the lower circular sleeve-shaped body opening inwardly through the third opening (5), form an axial penetration from above to downward. The tubular opening (30), wherein the inner diameter of the upper and lower circular sleeve-like bodies of the inward opening is the same as the inner diameter of the first opening (6). 4. Filling body according to claim 3, characterized in that said vertical planes (1, 2, 3) comprise a first vertical plane (1) starting from its outer edge edges extending to each of said horizontal planes (7, 8, 10) extending in parallel, respectively enclosing the circular first, second and third openings (6, 4, 5) of said circular sleeve . 5. The filling body according to claim 3, characterized in that: said vertical plane (1, 2, 3) comprises a first vertical plane (1) and a second vertical plane (2), said first vertical plane The plane (1) extends from its outer edge to the circular first, second and third openings ( 6, 4, 5), said second vertical plane (2) extending from its outer edge to the outer edge of said second vertical plane (2) and said first and second horizontal Half the distance between the edges of said circular first and second openings (6, 5) of the plane (10, 8). 6. The filling body according to claim 3, characterized in that: said vertical planes (1, 2, 3) comprise a first vertical plane (1), a second vertical plane (2) and a third vertical plane (3 ), the first vertical plane (1) extends from its outer edge to each of the horizontal planes (7, 8, 10) extending in parallel to the circular first, Each edge of the second and third openings (6, 4, 5), said second vertical plane (2) extending from its outer edge to the outer edge of said vertical plane (2) and said first Half the distance between the edges of said circular first and second openings (6, 5) in first and second horizontal planes (10, 8), said third vertical plane (3) above and Below forms a right-angled connection between the parallel arranged second and third horizontal planes (7, 8) and the sleeve. 7. Filling body according to claim 6, characterized in that there are circular holes (9) in the second and third horizontal planes (7, 8), said holes (9) being arranged such that in the third On the horizontal plane (8) there is a hole (9) between each first and second vertical plane (1, 2), and on the second horizontal plane (7) there is a hole (9) between each third vertical plane (3) hole (9). 8. The filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire surface of the filling body is formed smooth or porous. 9. Filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire filling body is coated with alkali metal dichromate. 10. The filling body according to claim 3, characterized in that: a hollow body (31) strictly matching the diameter and length of the tubular opening (30) is introduced and fixed in the filling body from top to bottom in the axial direction, And the hollow body (31) has flame retardant filler. 11. The filling body according to claim 10, characterized in that: the flame retardant filler is sodium bicarbonate, zinc borate or sodium borate, calcium bromide, calcium chloride dihydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate or oleic acid salts or esters. 12. Filling body according to claim 10, characterized in that the filler of the hollow body (31) is a flame-retardant fire extinguishing gel, which contains a water-bound polymer as an alkaline substance. 13. Filling body according to claim 12, characterized in that the shell of the hollow body (31) is made of a thin layer of wax, which melts and releases the contents in the event of a fire. 14. The filling body according to claim 13, characterized in that: the thermal expansion value of the wax layer of the hollow body (31) matches the respective application ranges of the filling body. 15. The filling body according to claim 3, characterized in that: a hollow body (31) that strictly matches the diameter and length of the tubular opening (30) is introduced and fixed in the filling body from top to bottom in the axial direction, And there is an active or passive radio frequency identification transmitter chip inside the hollow body (31). 16. The filling body according to claim 3, characterized in that: a hollow body (31) that strictly matches the diameter and length of the tubular opening (30) is introduced and fixed in the filling body from top to bottom in the axial direction, And this hollow body (31) includes floating and non-combustible foam material as the floating device of the filling body, and as long as the purpose of use requires, the hollow body (31) is divided into several chambers filled with different materials at the same time. 17. Filling body according to claim 16, characterized in that said different materials are partly fire extinguishing gel and partly buoyant foam. 18. The filling body according to claim 3, characterized in that: a hollow body (31) that strictly matches the diameter and length of the tubular opening (30) is introduced and fixed in the filling body from top to bottom in the axial direction, And this hollow body (31) is made of a material that expands significantly when heated to form an airtight seal. 19. Filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and 10 to 15, characterized in that the entire filling body is coated with noble metal. 20. Filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and 10 to 15, characterized in that the entire filling body has an antibacterial functional outer coating. 21. Filling body according to claim 20, characterized in that the functional outer coating is produced by the SOL-GEL method. 22. A method for filling a tank container with liquid and gaseous fuel, characterized in that the filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 21 is passed through the present Some fill openings (26) are introduced into the fuel tank (24) or container with liquid and gaseous substances, or the filling body is extracted from said fuel tank or container by suitable suction equipment for maintenance . 23. A method for protecting flammable liquid or gas containers against explosive combustion processes, characterized in that the container to be protected is completely filled with a filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 20. 24. A method for extinguishing a flammable liquid container, characterized in that the flammable liquid container to be protected is completely filled with a filling body according to any one of claims 10 to 14, and the hollow body in case of fire The wax layer of (31) melts and releases the flame retardant substance located inside said hollow body (31) into the combustion environment. 25. A method for corrosion protection of containers of flammable liquids, characterized in that the container to be protected is completely filled with a filling body according to claim 9, and that dichromate causes removal of water from the fuel and its container . 26. A method for protecting a flammable liquid container from an explosive combustion process, characterized in that the filling body according to claim 16 is applied in a single layer or in multiple layers to the flammable liquid in the tank container in a floating manner without gaps. or on the surface of an explosive liquid, and this single or multi-layer barrier on the liquid surface acts as an ignition barrier between the liquid and the gas/air space within the tank container. 27. A method for extinguishing a fire of a container of a flammable liquid, characterized in that, in the event of a fire, the filling body according to claim 16 is arranged floatingly without gaps on the surface of the burning liquid in a single layer or in multiple layers . 28. A method for realizing breathable flame and ignition barriers in roof shafts, hollow spaces, rear ventilated storefronts, air conditioning equipment and ducts, characterized in that: The filling bodies described above partially or completely fill roof shafts, hollow spaces, rear-ventilated storefronts, air-conditioning systems and pipes to be protected. 29. A method for realizing breathable ignition and flame barriers in roof shafts, hollow spaces, rear-ventilated storefronts, air-conditioning equipment and ducts, characterized in that the filling body according to claim 21 is partly Partially or completely fill roof shafts, hollow spaces, rear-ventilated storefronts, air-conditioning units and ducts to be protected. 30. A method for implementing a bacterial barrier in an air-conditioning system, characterized in that the filling body according to any one of claims 18 to 20 is introduced into the shaft of the air-conditioning system to be protected in such a way that The air conditioning shaft is completely or partially filled. 31. A method for integrating active or passive radio frequency identification transceivers in filled or unfilled tank containers, characterized in that one or more filling bodies according to claim 15 or 16 are introduced into The data of the transceiver integrated in the filling body can be received and read out from the outside by a mobile or fixedly installed reading device without being disturbed or affected by the filled or unfilled container. 32. A method for reducing hydrocarbon emissions due to vaporization, evaporation or volatilization of liquids or gases stored in a tank container of a moving vehicle or in a tank container that is not moving, characterized in that: Complete filling of a moving or non-moving tank container with a filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 15 or 18 to 20. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein said vehicles are land vehicles, ships, spacecraft and aircraft. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the non-moving bin container is a storage bin. 35. A method for reducing hydrocarbon emissions due to vaporization, evaporation or volatilization of liquids or gases stored in a tank container of a moving vehicle or in a tank container that is not moving, characterized in that: The buoyant packing body according to claim 16 or 17 is applied in a single layer or in multiple layers on the surface of the stored liquid. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein said vehicles are land vehicles, ships, spacecraft and aircraft. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the non-moving bin container is a storage bin. 38. A method for increasing the stability and crash safety of a container with flammable and explosive liquids and gases when subjected to external mechanical action on the container wall, characterized in that: according to one of claims 7 to 24 Said filling body completely fills the container to be protected, and this filling counteracts, with a corresponding counterpressure, the pressure acting on the container wall from the outside. 39. A method for preventing inward rupture of tank containers without forced ventilation system and pipelines and pressure vessels designed not to withstand vacuum and whose safety valves fail, characterized in that: according to any one of claims 7 to 20 The filling body according to one item completely fills the tank container, pipeline and pressure vessel to be protected, and in the case of a negative pressure in the interior of the tank container, pipeline and pressure vessel to be protected due to the emptying of the tank container, pipeline and pressure vessel. Against the external overpressure of the loaded atmosphere acting in this case on the container wall from the outside. 40. Method for preventing inward rupture of tank containers without forced ventilation system and pipelines and pressure vessels designed not to withstand vacuum and whose safety valves fail, according to claim 39, characterized in that the tank container It is the tank container of the oil tanker. 41. A method for carrying out welding work on filled or uncleaned containers with flammable and explosive liquids and gases without risk of explosion, characterized in that from the start of the repair work in accordance with claims 7 to 20 A filling body as described in any one completely fills containers with flammable and explosive liquids and gases. 42. A method for reducing the "vaporization effect" of hydrogen, characterized in that the entire hydrogen container is filled with a filling body according to any one of claims 7 to 20. 43. A method for optimized use in the chemical industry, when it is important to use packing bodies to obtain a large surface area with low flow resistance, characterized in that: The packing body described above, and the packing body according to any one of claims 7 to 20 is packed horizontally or vertically into the pipe or column in the form of loose packing. 44. The method according to claim 43, characterized in that: the method is used in refining under vacuum and normal pressure, in adsorption, stripping, extraction, vapor condensation, regeneration and heat exchange, and in During washing, biotransformation, coagulation. 45. A method for preventing bacteria and fungi in a tank container, characterized in that the tank container is completely filled with a filling body according to claim 19 or 20. 46. A method for reducing the wave effect of liquids and gases in moving tank containers of aircraft, spacecraft, ships and land vehicles, characterized in that: according to any one of claims 7 to 20 The filling body completely fills each box container. 47. A method for deriving static electricity from a moving and stationary tank container with fuel, chemical liquids and gases, characterized in that it is completely filled with the filling body according to any one of claims 7 to 20 Protective box container. 48. A method for protecting tank containers with fuels, chemical liquids and gases from electromagnetic interference, characterized in that the tank to be protected is completely filled with a filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 20 box container. 49. A method for reducing and delaying the explosion effect of boiling liquid expansion vapor in a tank container with liquefied combustible gas, characterized in that it is completely filled with a filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 20 Box container to be protected. 50. A method for increasing the filling quantity when filling a gas container at a predetermined volume and pressure of the gas container to completely fill an empty tank container with a filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 20. 51. A method for reducing liquid and gas pressure peaks when filling tank containers with liquids and gases, characterized in that the entire container is completely filled with a filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 20, and The filling body splits the gas or liquid jet into a plurality of partial jets when filling the container, thereby leading to a considerable reduction of the pressure peaks in the tank container and thus on the inner wall of the container. 52. A method for heating or cooling liquids and gases in tank containers or pipes, characterized in that the entire container or pipe is filled with a filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 20, and according to claim At least one of the filling bodies according to any one of claims 1 to 20 is in direct cooling or heating contact with the cooling or heating element. 53. A method for heating or cooling liquids and gases within a tank vessel or pipeline as claimed in claim 52, wherein the cooling or heating element is located outside the tank vessel or pipeline and the cooling or heating contact is provided by a through It is formed by a rod or ring conductor passing through the container wall or pipe wall. 54. A method for heating or cooling liquids and gases in tank containers or pipes, characterized in that the entire container or pipe is filled with a filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 20, and the filling body At least one of the is heated by a heat source located outside the tank vessel or pipeline without passing through the vessel wall or pipeline wall. 55. A method for heating or cooling liquids and gases in tank containers or pipes according to claim 54, characterized in that at least one of said filling bodies is heated by induction or a microwave field. 56. A method for reducing evaporation losses due to vaporization of liquid stored in a tank container of a moving vehicle or in a tank container that is not moving, characterized in that: according to claims 1 to 20 A packing body as described in any one completely fills a moving or non-moving tank container. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein said vehicle is a land vehicle, ship, spacecraft, and aircraft. 58. The method of claim 56, wherein the non-moving bin container is a storage bin.

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