CN101677821B - 植入物和轴柄 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于栓塞脉管部位如动脉瘤的具有线圈(60)的植入物。所述线圈具有特定的三维形状，其通过将线圈围绕轴柄(10)以特定模式卷绕，然后将线圈和轴柄热固化而得到，这是本发明的另一方面。所述三维形状类似未闭合的麦比乌斯环。还提供了制备线圈的方法和栓塞脉管部位的方法。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求于2007年3月13日提交的临时申请序列号60/894,589和均于2007年3月14日提交的60/894,865和60/894,858在35U.S.C.§ 119(e)下的权益，所有所述临时申请的全部内容通过引用结合在此。
发明领域
本发明涉及可植入线圈的形成，并且涉及通过这样的方法形成的线圈，还涉及用于形成线圈植入物的形状的轴柄、形成线圈植入物的方法，以及通过这样的方法或使用这样的轴柄所形成的线圈植入物。
发明背景
植入物被经由微导管递送到患者的脉管部位如动脉瘤以封闭或栓塞该脉管部位。典型地，植入物在包含于微导管中的递送微导管或导丝的远端接合，并且从其上可控制地释放到待治疗的脉管部位。递送植入物的临床医师必须引导微导管或导向导管通过脉管系统，并且在颅内动脉瘤的情况下，引导微导管通过弯曲的微脉管系统。此递送可以通过荧光屏检查或其它的合适方法可见。一旦导管或导丝的远侧顶端被安置在所需的脉管部位，临床医师就必须开始将植入物联接在该脉管部位中以确保植入物以足以栓塞该部位的方式定位。一旦将植入物适宜地定位，临床医师就必须在不改变植入物的定位的情况下，将植入物从导管或导丝上分离。分离可以通过各种方法发生，包括电解分离、化学分离、机械分离、液压分离和热分离。
之前，已经提供了由直丝通过从导管或导丝分离所形成的3-维线圈。3-维线圈典型地由金属形成，其在分离(例如，在体内)时从直丝重组成线圈形状或具有二级结构的构象(confirmation)(即，伸展的或螺旋的线圈构象)，其在理想条件下将顺应要栓塞的脉管部位的形状。然而，现有技术的 在体内形成的线圈总是无法提供顺应脉管部位的形状，并且这导致脉管部位的无效栓塞。即使在现有技术的3-维线圈最初顺应脉管部位的情况下，所得到的线圈的二级结构也可能不稳定得足以保持其对脉管部位的顺应。例如，在体内形成的3-维球形线圈趋于自身折叠，这导致不同于脉管部位结构的二级结构。同样，在体内形成的3-维立方体线圈通常自己塌陷，类似于“硬币堆(stack of coins)”而非保持它们的立方体形状。
鉴于上述内容，存在对基本上顺应要栓塞的脉管部位的线圈植入物的需要。
发明概述
在一个实施方案中，本发明涉及一种包含3-维线圈的植入物，其设计为将进入脉管部位如动脉瘤的填充最优化。预计本发明的植入物由于其二级形状而能够基本上顺应脉管部位，从而提供更有效的栓塞。具体地，本发明的3-维线圈的形状由一个或多个未闭合的麦比乌斯环(mobius loops)组成。
在一个实施方案中，本发明提供一种包含一个或多个未闭合的麦比乌斯环的3-维脉管线圈。当从导管或导丝释放时，线圈偏置(bias)以形成对应于围绕轴柄的卷绕模式的模式。偏置将线圈设置成顺应球体的外部的3-维形状。卷绕模式具有至少一个分布于所述形状上的未闭合的麦比乌斯环。在其它实施方案中，卷绕模式具有至少两个或三个分布于所述形状上的未闭合的麦比乌斯环。
线圈的形状还可以顺应分布于球体的表面上的八个基本上为三角形形状的模式。在一个实施方案中，八个基本上为三角形的形状包括四个其中边远离各个三角形形状的中心向外弯曲(凸起)的基本上为三角形的形状，和四个其中边朝向各个三角形形状的中心向内弯曲(凹入)的基本上为三角形的形状。线圈的形状还可以具有顺应在基本上为三角形的形状之间的路径的环，其中所述的路径围绕球体的中心弯曲，同时还围绕至少四个对应于三角形形状的点弯曲，或其中所述的路径可以描述为大体跟随双曲线抛物面(parabloid)的轮廓或鞍的轮廓。根据线圈的长度，将根据卷绕模式围绕轴柄制成线圈的至少一个并且优选多个缠包(wraps)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，提供一种栓塞患者的脉管部位的方法，该方法包括将以上所述的植入物递送到脉管部位。所述植入物用递送装置递送。递送装置可以是任选地包括导丝和/或定位器的微导管。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及一种轴柄。所述轴柄包括球体和布置于球体的外表面上的多个标志物，比如四个标志物。任选地，标志物中的一个包括柄杆。四个标志物中的每一个限定了相邻标志物之间的通道，并且该通道优选对要围绕球体的外表面缠绕的线圈限定卷绕模式。卷绕模式包括一系列跨过球体的表面的依次的转向，其对应于其中临近标志物布置通道的点。卷绕模式还包括一系列依次的交叉点，其对应于在球体的表面上的相邻标志物之间的中点。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，提供一种形成本发明的植入物的方法。形成线圈的方法包括根据卷绕模式将线圈在轴柄上缠绕的方法。该方法还包括对轴柄和缠绕的线圈施加热。该方法还包括由缠绕的线圈形成成品线圈的另外的处理步骤。
附图简述
结合在此并且构成本说明书的一部分的附图示出本发明的示例性实施方案，并且与以上提供的一般描述和以下提供的详细描述一起起到解释本发明的特征的作用。
图1A是用于递送本发明的线圈的定位系统的平面图。
图1B是图1A的一部分的更近视图，其显示在线圈的布置之前，在人体内一个位置上的部分横截面的定位系统和示例性线圈。
图1C是图1A的一部分的更近视图，其显示在布置之后但是在分离之前，在人体内另一个位置上的部分横截面的定位系统和示例性植入物。
图1D显示线圈在脉管部位中的扭绞(layup)。
图2是轴柄的平面图。
图3是图2的轴柄的俯视图。
图4是图2的一部分的近视图。
图5是图2的轴柄的等比例分解图。
图6是线圈跨过图2的轴柄的表面以后的卷绕模式的示意性视图，其中省略线圈的一部分和柄杆。
图7A是省略轴柄的图6的示意性视图。
图7B显示省略卷绕模式的后面部分的图7A的示意图。
图7C显示未闭合的麦比乌斯环的透视图。
图8是图6的卷绕模式的表示。
图9和图10是图2的轴柄的平面图，其显示线圈围绕轴柄的卷绕模式。
发明详述
除非另外定义，本文中使用的全部技术和科学术语均具有与本发明所属领域中的技术人员通常所理解的相同的含义。尽管在本发明的实施和试验中可以使用任何类似于或等同于本文中所述那些的方法和材料，但是现在描述优选的方法、装置和材料。本文中所引用的全部出版物和专利申请的全部内容均通过引用结合在此。本文中没有内容应被理解为承认本发明没有先于根据在先发明所公开内容的资格。
必须指出，如在本文中和后附权利要求中所使用的，除非上下文明确另外指出，单数形式“一个(a)”、“一个(an)”和“所述(the)”包括复数内容。
栓塞脉管部位的方法
本发明的植入物可以用于栓塞脉管部位。这最佳示出于下述的图1A、1B、1C和1D中。应当指出，此递送方法是一个预想的实施方案并且本发明的植入物可以通过本领域技术人员已知的各种其它方法来递送。
在图1A中示出的实施方案中，操作者使用导向导管112将微导管114在患者的脉管系统中定位。该过程涉及通过入口点如腹股沟将导向导管112插入患者的脉管系统中，并且引导导向导管112的远端112a通过脉管系统直至其到达颈动脉。在从导向导管112中移去导丝(未显示)之后，将微导管114插入导向导管112中，并且微导管114的远端114a随后离开导向导管远端112a，并且定位于目标部位116如患者脑中的动脉瘤附近。如图1B和1C中所示，微导管114包括微导管标志物115和115a，它们帮 助通过常规的成像系统将微导管114的远端114a成像，并且在示出的实施方案中，微导管标志物115和115a由射线透不过的材料制成。在远端114a到达目标部位116之后，则将示出的实施方案的定位系统(未显示)插入微导管114中，以将定位器140的远端处的植入物界面180定位于目标部位116附近，如图1C中所示。如果在该过程中递送植入物190，则在将定位系统插入微导管114中之前，将植入物190附着到植入物界面180上。这种模式的植入物递送示出于图1A、1B和1C中。
通过在目标部位116附近安置微导管标志物115a，并且使微导管标志物115与定位器140中的定位器标志物164对准，使得植入物190的递送变得便利，其中当如图1C中所示的两个标志物(标志物115和164)彼此对准时，向操作者表明植入物界面180处于适于将植入物190从定位系统(未显示)上释放的位置。在将植入物190安置于目标部位116处之后，可以以与用于插入第一个植入物190的方法类似的方式，通过将定位系统从微导管114中移出并且将附着有第二植入物190的第二定位系统插入微导管114中，而将第二植入物190安置于目标位置116处。如果临床必要，则相同的过程可以用于第三植入物190以及随后的植入物。如果要取回或再定位的植入物190已经在患者体内，则在没有插入物190的情况下将定位系统插入微导管114中。
轴柄、植入物和制备植入物的方法
在一个实施方案中，本发明涉及一种其线圈长度偏置以顺应卷绕模式的植入物，所述卷绕模式大致顺应球体的外表面的形状。卷绕模式具有在所述形状上分布的至少一个未闭合的麦比乌斯环(或多个未闭合的麦比乌斯环)。麦比乌斯环通过将同一线圈的末端环绕并且在接合末端之前将一个末端扭转半圈来形成。在本发明中，麦比乌斯环是未闭合的，表示末端没有接合。这最佳示出于图7C中。麦比乌斯环是具有单表面并且为手性的带。
为了得到麦比乌斯环，使用轴柄。示于图2和3中的轴柄10包括球体20、四个标志物和任选的柄杆30。标志物在四个位置安装在球体20的外表面上。如图2和3中所示，每个标志物用数字标识1、2、3或4来表 示。特别地，柄杆30从标志物4延伸。标志物1在图2和3的左侧并且是可识别的，因为其包括起始管40。标志物3在图2中在标志物1的右侧，而在图3中在右下侧。标志物2在图2中不可见，因为其在图的背面上，而在图3中示出于右上侧。图5示出没有起始管40的轴柄10的等比例组装图。
标志物1、2、3和4是圆柱形的并且分别对标志物1、2、3和4限定纵轴11、12(未显示，但是是指通过标志物2的轴)、13和14。每个轴11、12、13和14均通过球体20的中心。纵轴14还通过柄杆30的中心。如图2中示出的，轴11、12和13与垂直于轴14的平面52成垂直角50，其为约19.5度±2.5度。如图3中所示，轴11、12和13还相对于彼此成水平角54，其为约120度±5度。
相对于球体20的中心，在每个标志物1、2、3和4的径向末端任选地有盖21、22、23和24。每个盖21、22、23和24的外径大于对应的标志物1、2、3和4的外径。标志物和盖的外径尺寸以及球体20的外径优选根据轴柄10的尺寸改变。轴柄10的尺寸对应于要用轴柄10形成的线圈60的尺寸。
标志物1、2、3和4设置于球体20的外表面上，并且每个标志物1、2、3和4具有比球体20的外径小的外径，这提供在球体20的表面上的各个标志物1、2、3和4之间的间隔70。各个标志物1、2、3和4之间的此间隔70提供在各个标志物1、2、3和4之间跨过球体20的表面的通道72(图6)。通道72对线圈60限定了卷绕模式74(图7A和7B)，所述线圈60要在各个标志物1、2、3和4之间的间隔70中围绕球体20的外表面缠绕。
选择标志物1、2、3和4的直径以提供具有所需软度和强度的线圈。线圈的软度决定线圈顺应脉管部位的能力。标志物1、2、3和4的直径越大，则环越大，线圈越柔软，并且线圈能够更好地顺应脉管部位。在本发明的一个实施方案中，标志物1、2、3和4的直径与球体的直径的比率为约0.5至约0.75，或0.55至约0.75，或约0.61至约0.65，或约0.63。
如图5中所示，卷绕模式74在标志物1上在起始管40开始。在一个实施方案中，将要卷绕的线圈60的末端通过起始管40插入，以将线圈60 相对于起始管40固定。线圈60的初始缠绕围绕标志物1的外径表面进行，直至实现单缠绕(single wrap)。单缠绕是指270圆周角度至360圆周角度的缠绕。在实现单缠绕之后，线圈60沿通道72缠绕，所述通道72在相邻标志物1、2、3和4之间的间隔70中沿球体20的表面设置，并且在初始缠绕之后所述通道72不沿标志物的外径表面设置。
用于线圈60的缠绕的卷绕模式74跟随在球体20的外表面上的通道72。如图6中所示，通道72依次邻近各个标志物1、2、3和4前进，直至接近在球体的表面上位于相邻标志物之间的中点80。如图6中所示，中点1-3设置于标志物1和3之间的中点80(80(1-3))处。类似的中点80在各个标志物之间位于球体上，共计六个如下表示的中点：1-2(在标志物1和2之间)，1-3(在标志物1和3之间)，1-4(在标志物1和4之间)，2-3(在标志物2和3之间)，2-4(在标志物2和4之间)，和3-4(在标志物3和4之间)。当通道72接近各个中点80时，通道72离开邻近一个标志物的位置并且向邻近不同标志物的位置移动。如图6中所示，通道72从邻近标志物3的第一位置82向中点1-3前进，然后向邻近标志物2的第二位置84前进。
如可以从图6和7A以及7B中理解的，卷绕模式74跟随通道72，其在球体20的表面上按照基本上为三角形形状90的模式，其中各个三角形形状90的各个顶点91设置于中点80处。如可以进一步理解的，两种类型的基本上为三角形的形状90是明显的。一种类型的基本上为三角形的形状包围各个标志物1、2、3和4，并且具有远离标志物的轴11、12、13和14弯曲的边。另一种类型的基本上为三角形的形状设置于标志物1、2、3和4之间，并且具有对应地朝向三角形形状的中心并且远离标志物的轴弯曲的边。如图7A中用虚线示出的，形成总共四个向外弯曲的三角形形状92和总共四个向内弯曲的三角形形状94，它们一起跟随球体20的外表面的形状。
应当指出，术语“基本上为三角形的形状”是指三边的形状，其中限定任何或所有边的线是直的、凸起或凹入的。此外，当基本上为三角形的形状位于球体的表面上时，应当理解，这样形成的形状不是2-维的，而是另 外地顺应下面的球体的3-维表面构造。
图8代表性地示出对于被通道72经过的标志物1、2、3和4的卷绕模式74。如在图7A的左上角处示出的，卷绕模式74开始于标志物1处的起始管40处，其由带数字1的圈表示，并且显示围绕标志物1缠绕的初始卷绕。如所示的，在围绕标志物1的初始卷绕之后，卷绕模式74前进至邻近标志物4的位置，然后至邻近标志物2的位置，等。随后重复卷绕模式74，直至围绕轴柄10缠绕整个线圈60。缠绕的长度取决于线圈的尺寸。
卷绕模式74还可以通过参照中点80来表示，其在围绕标志物1的初始卷绕之后依次被跨过。因此，由图8表示的卷绕模式的初始部分可以由以下在围绕标志物1的初始缠绕之后中点被卷绕模式74跨过的模式表示：1-4，2-4，2-3，3-4，2-4，1-2，1-3，3-4等。
当形成线圈60时，线圈根据卷绕模式74围绕轴柄10缠绕，其中线圈60的开始设置在起始管40(未显示)。当在缠绕过程中到达线圈60的末端时，有时线圈60的一部分没有围绕球体20缠绕而是围绕柄杆30(未显示)缠绕并且拉伸以将线圈的末端适当固定。图9和10显示轴柄10和缠绕的线圈60。缠绕的线圈60随后经历热处理工序，类似于本领域中已知的工序，该热处理工序导致线圈60之后具有对轴柄20的卷绕模式74的偏置，即，具有对模式类似于轴柄20的卷绕模式74的线圈的倾向(predisposition)。在线圈60已经经历热处理工序之后，将线圈从轴柄20移去并且进一步处理。此进一步处理优选包括在下一部分中所述的改变。此外，线圈60可以包含螺旋的一级结构。
应用卷绕模式74和热处理工序的用轴柄10形成的线圈60将具有在图7A和B中示出的环的模式。优选地，线圈60偏置以形成对应于卷绕模式74的形状，具有八个基本上为三角形的形状均匀分布且球形弯曲的模式，从而大致形成球体20的外径形状，如图7A中示意性表示的。线圈60的模式还优选形成一系列的四个对应于形状92的向外弯曲的基本上为三角形的形状和总共四个对应于形状94的向内弯曲的基本上为三角形的形状。如图9和10中示出的，取决于线圈60的长度，根据卷绕模式74 围绕轴柄10制成线圈的至少一个并且优选多个缠包。
如图7B中所示，图7B为了清楚在省略背面部分的情况下显示了图7A的卷绕模式74的前面部分，卷绕模式74包括三个符合形状92和94的环，它们表示为环1、环2和环3。如可以从图7B理解，卷绕模式74的环1、环2和环3部分跟随设置于沿环1的路径改变位置的相邻形状92和94之间的路径。在环1的路径中，在点96处，环1介于一侧的形状92和另一侧的形状94之间。沿环1的路径更远地，在点98处，形状92和94相对于环1的位置已经改变，使得环1介于一侧的形状94和另一侧的形状92之间。如还可以从图6和10理解，形状92和94的相同改变发生在卷绕模式74的背面部分上，并且形状92和94的相同改变发生于卷绕模式74的环2和环3部分。从图6和7A-B可以理解的又一件事是，卷绕模式74的环1、2和3跟随围绕球体20的中心弯曲的路径，同时还围绕至少四个对应于形状92和94的点弯曲，这可以描述为大体跟随双曲线抛物面的轮廓或鞍的轮廓。这显示于图7B中。
材料
在一个实施方案中，线圈60可以由当在体内使用时不与组织和流体不利反应的生物相容性金属制成。丝可以是圆形、方形、椭圆形、三角形或另外的形状。在某些实施方案中，所述丝通常具有约0.025至约0.09mm、约0.03至约0.08mm、约0.04至约0.06mm的直径。在某些特别实施方案中，所述丝具有约0.05mm的直径。在某些实施方案中，所述丝可以仅由一级形状例如简单的单螺旋组成。在某些实施方案中，所述丝部件可以包括一级形状例如螺旋线圈和二级形状。
在一个实施方案中，线圈60的材料由可以在约400℃至约700℃的温度下热固化的材料制成。在某些实施方案中，线圈在约650℃热固化。金属或金属合金可以是射线透不过的，从而可以用放射性技术监测植入物在体内的定位和位置。合适的金属包括但不限于，贵金属，比如铂族金属，其包括铂、钯、铑和铼，以及铱、金、银、钨和钽，以及这些金属彼此的合金。其它金属包括超弹性金属如“镍钛诺(Nitinol)”等。在一个实施方案 中，线圈60由铂合金制成。
本发明的轴柄可以由各种材料如钢制成，只要选择的材料可以经得起线圈的热固化即可。
线圈的改变和递送
如上所述，本发明的线圈还可以进行进一步处理，包括被改变并且与包含其它部件的植入物一起使用。在一个实施方案中，改变植入物以包括抗拉伸构件，所述抗拉伸构件如在与本文同日提交的，代理人案号为355492-7551的美国序列号12/_____，_____“包括线圈和抗拉伸构件的植入物(An Implant Including a Coil and a Stretch Resistant Member)”中所描述的，其通过引用结合在此。
在另一个实施方案中，线圈与递送装置结合。可以采用适于将线圈递送到脉管部位的任何递送装置。合适的微导管描述于题目为“用于机械定位脉管内植入物的系统和方法(System and Method For MechanicallyPositioning Intravascular Implants)”的WO 2007/121405中，其全部内容通过引用结合在此。
与采用的递送装置无关，在将植入物递送到脉管部位之后，植入物由于其三维形状而基本上顺应脉管部位。这示出于图1D中。
实施例
实施例1-制备植入物的方法
本发明的植入物可以通过以下程序制备。
1.在显微镜下将丝或线圈的远端插入起始管中。
2.如以上和图8中所述将线圈围绕轴柄卷绕。
3.将线圈和轴柄热固化。温度为约550℃至约650℃。
实施例2-其它三维形状的比较
测试本发明的线圈并且与具有立方体三维(3-D)形状和球形(或类似球 形)3-D形状的线圈比较。临床医师评价线圈压紧到脉管部位中的能力和线圈顺应脉管部位的形状的能力。
方案
根据实施例1得到本发明的线圈。本发明的麦比乌斯环线圈在具有四个8mm标志物的10毫米(mm)球体上制备。具有立方体3-D的线圈通过围绕具有六个标志物(而非得到本发明的线圈的四个)的轴柄卷绕丝来制备，其中每个标志物位于立方体的每个面上。一个标志物为5mm，而另外五个标志物为8mm。球体为10mm。球形线圈通过围绕具有八个标志物的基础轴柄卷绕丝得到。球体还是10mm而标志物为约5mm。
一旦根据上述模式将线圈卷绕，就将线圈在下面提供的温度热固化。
在猪中产生10毫米的动脉瘤。将10毫米×30厘米线圈在不将其分离的情况下安置到动脉瘤中若干次，然后将其从导管移出，并且安置下一个线圈。这示出于图1D中。
然后以盲试形式(blinded format)对这些线圈进行测试的临床医师将线圈递送到动脉瘤并且提供关于线圈的定性反馈。然后独立的观察者将各个意见转化成+1(好)、0(中)、-1(差)的标准。某些线圈由于医生的意见而标有更高的分数。评价了三个具有麦比乌斯环线圈、三个具有球形线圈和一个具有立方体线圈的线圈。测试的线圈中的一些包含如下所述的抗拉伸构件。结果呈现于表1中。
表1
然后除了如所示改变抗拉伸构件以外重复试验。此外，分数以0(差)至5(好)的分数评价。结果显示于下表2中。
表2
| 设计 | 抗拉伸构件 | 总体性能 | 标准偏差 |
| 立方体 | 镍钛诺 | 3.0 | 0.50 |
| 球形 | 镍钛诺 | 3.25 | 0.29 |
| 立方体 | 聚丙烯 | 3.67 | 0.29 |
| 麦比乌斯环 | 镍钛诺 | 3.75 | 0.87 |
| 麦比乌斯环 | 聚丙烯 | 4.17 | 0.58 |
如在表1和2中可以看到的，由于麦比乌斯环的总体性能以及对于立方体和球形线圈的可重复性，麦比乌斯环是优选的。
尽管参照某些实施方案公开了本发明，但是在不偏离如在后附权利要求中所限定的本发明的领域和范围的情况下，许多对所述实施方案的修改、变化和改变都是可行的。因此，不意在将本发明限制于所述的实施方案，而是本发明具有由以下权利要求的语言所限定的全部范围及其等同物。
Claims (16)
1.一种植入物，所述植入物包含：
线圈，当所述线圈从导管释放时所述线圈的线圈长度偏置以顺应卷绕模式，所述卷绕模式大致顺应球体的外表面的形状，所述线圈通过围绕轴柄卷绕并将所述线圈的一端相对于所述线圈的另一端围绕线圈的轴向扭转半圈而形成。
2.权利要求1所述的植入物，其中所述卷绕模式具有在所述形状上分布的多个未闭合的环。
3.权利要求1所述的植入物，其中所述卷绕模式还包含：
在所述形状上分布的八个基本上为三角形形状的部分。
4.权利要求3所述的植入物，其中所述三角形形状具有中心，并且所述三角形形状中的四个具有远离所述中心向外弯曲的边。
5.权利要求3所述的植入物，其中所述三角形形状具有中心，并且所述三角形形状中的四个具有朝向所述中心向内弯曲的边。
6.权利要求1所述的植入物，其中所述卷绕模式还包含至少一个环，所述至少一个环至少具有第一种类型的曲线和第二种类型的曲线，所述第一种类型的曲线对应于球体的形状，而所述第二种类型的曲线包含多个对应于沿至少一个环的路径设置的八个基本上为三角形形状的部分的曲线。
7.权利要求1所述的植入物，其中所述线圈基本上顺应脉管部位。
8.权利要求1所述的植入物，其中所述线圈包含金属丝。
9.权利要求8所述的植入物，其中所述金属丝由选自由以下各项组成的组中的金属组成：铂、钯、铑、铼、铱、金、银、钨、钽、这些金属中的两种以上的合金，或超弹性金属。
10.权利要求9所述的植入物，其中所述金属丝是铂合金。
11.一种用于卷绕用于治疗脉管部位的线圈的轴柄，所述轴柄包含：
球体，所述球体包含四个分布于所述球体的表面上的标志物，即一个柄杆标志物和三个一级标志物，每个标志物由邻接所述球体的所述表面的圆柱体限定；和
在所述标志物之间的所述球体的表面，所述标志物限定跨过所述球体的表面的卷绕模式，在邻近标志物之间的所述球体的所述表面上的多个中点限定所述卷绕模式的多个交叉点，
其中一柄杆从所述柄杆标志物延伸，
其中每个所述标志物限定了穿过所述球体的中心的轴线，所述三个一级标志物的每个轴线相对于与所述柄杆标志物的轴线垂直的平面形成一角度，该角度为19.5度±2.5度，并且所述三个一级标志物的轴线相对彼此形成120度±5度的角。
12.权利要求11所述的轴柄，其中所述轴柄具有的标志物直径与球体直径的比率在0.5和0.75之间。
13.权利要求12所述的轴柄，其中所述比率为0.55至0.7。
14.权利要求13所述的轴柄，其中所述比率在0.61和0.65之间。
15.权利要求11所述的轴柄，其中所述标志物包含在所述标志物的径向末端上的盖。
16.权利要求15所述的轴柄，其中所述盖的外径大于所述标志物的外径。
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| US89458907P | 2007-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | |
| US60/894,589 | 2007-03-13 | ||
| US89486507P | 2007-03-14 | 2007-03-14 | |
| US89485807P | 2007-03-14 | 2007-03-14 | |
| US60/894,858 | 2007-03-14 | ||
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| EP (1) | EP2124763B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP5227344B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20100015521A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN101677821B (zh) |
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| US8801747B2 (en) | 2014-08-12 |
| WO2008112436A3 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
| AU2008226695A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
| EP2124763B1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
| AU2008226695B2 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
| KR20100015521A (ko) | 2010-02-12 |
| US20080228216A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
| JP2010521232A (ja) | 2010-06-24 |
| CA2680793A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
| CA2680793C (en) | 2015-07-07 |
| CN101677821A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
| JP5227344B2 (ja) | 2013-07-03 |
| EP2124763A2 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
| WO2008112436A2 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
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