CN101798918B

CN101798918B - Method for determining relative spatial position of adjacent well parallel segment

Info

Publication number: CN101798918B
Application number: CN201010127554XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高德利; 刁斌斌
Original assignee: China University of Petroleum Beijing
Current assignee: China University of Petroleum Beijing
Priority date: 2010-03-19
Filing date: 2010-03-19
Publication date: 2013-03-13
Anticipated expiration: 2030-03-19
Also published as: CN101798918A

Abstract

A calculation method for electromagnetic detection while drilling parallel spacing of adjacent wells, mainly including the calculation model of the spatial magnetic field around the rotating magnetic sub-joint and the parallel spacing algorithm of adjacent wells. It is characterized in that the rotating magnetic sub-joint is regarded as a rotating magnetic dipole, and the calculation formula of the far-field magnetic induction intensity in the space around the rotating magnetic sub-joint is derived; according to the calculation model of the rotating magnetic dipole, an application of electromagnetic detection system while drilling is invented Ranging-steering algorithm for parallel sections of adjacent wells. When the adjacent well parallel spacing while drilling electromagnetic detection system uses this algorithm to calculate the relative spatial position of the adjacent well parallel section, there is no need for the drill bit to have a certain footage, so the measurement and calculation can be completed in a very short time. At the same time, this algorithm can be solidified into the downhole dual magnetic sensor probes of the parallel spacing LWD electromagnetic detection system of adjacent wells, and only the calculation results need to be sent to the surface, saving data sending time.

Description

A Method for Determining Relative Spatial Position of Parallel Sections of Adjacent Wells

技术领域 technical field

本发明是一种邻井平行间距随钻电磁探测的计算方法，属于地下资源钻采工程技术领域。The invention relates to a calculation method for electromagnetic detection while drilling parallel spacing of adjacent wells, and belongs to the technical field of underground resource drilling and production engineering.

背景技术 Background technique

在石油、天然气及煤层气开采中，双水平井、定向井及加密井等复杂结构井，要求对邻井距离进行随钻精确探测。目前，国内普遍使用的随钻测量工具不能直接测量邻井距离，因而难以满足复杂结构井邻井距离随钻探测的特殊要求。另外，国外虽已研制出能够基本满足以上要求的随钻电磁引导系统，但其核心技术仍被保密和垄断。因此，本发明者特研究设计了“一种邻井平行间距随钻电磁探测系统”(另作专利申请)，本项发明即是该系统的核心算法，可精确计算邻井平行段的相对空间位置。In the exploitation of oil, natural gas and coalbed methane, complex structure wells such as double horizontal wells, directional wells and infill wells require accurate detection of the distance between adjacent wells while drilling. At present, the measurement-while-drilling tools commonly used in China cannot directly measure the distance between adjacent wells, so it is difficult to meet the special requirements of detection-while-drilling for the distance between adjacent wells in wells with complex structures. In addition, although foreign countries have developed an electromagnetic guidance system while drilling that can basically meet the above requirements, its core technology is still kept secret and monopolized. Therefore, the inventor specially researched and designed "an electromagnetic detection system for the parallel spacing of adjacent wells while drilling" (another patent application). This invention is the core algorithm of the system, which can accurately calculate the relative space of the parallel sections of adjacent wells. Location.

邻井平行间距随钻电磁探测系统主要包括磁短节、井下双磁传感器测量仪、邻井平行间距计算系统及地面显示系统组成。磁短节是由无磁钻铤以及若干永磁铁等组成的两端带有API标准口型的中空圆柱体，是该电磁探测系统的信号源，直接跟在钻头后面。井下双磁传感器测量仪主要由井下双磁传感器探管及地面接口箱组成。井下双磁传感器探管主要包括两个交变磁场传感器、一个磁通门传感器、一个加速度传感器、一个温度传感器及固化有邻井平行间距计算系统的单片机，其主要作用是检测磁短节的磁矢量信号，并将两组磁信号数据传到单片机中，经邻井平行间距计算系统，得到邻井平行段的相对空间位置数据。然后，将计算数据发送到地面显示系统。The adjacent well parallel spacing while drilling electromagnetic detection system mainly includes magnetic sub-joints, downhole dual magnetic sensor measuring instruments, adjacent well parallel spacing calculation system and ground display system. The magnetic short joint is a hollow cylinder with API standard mouth shape at both ends, which is composed of a non-magnetic drill collar and a number of permanent magnets. It is the signal source of the electromagnetic detection system and directly follows the drill bit. The downhole dual magnetic sensor measuring instrument is mainly composed of downhole dual magnetic sensor probe tube and ground interface box. The downhole dual magnetic sensor probe mainly includes two alternating magnetic field sensors, a fluxgate sensor, an acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor and a single-chip computer solidified with a parallel spacing calculation system for adjacent wells. Its main function is to detect the magnetic Vector signal, and two sets of magnetic signal data are transmitted to the single-chip computer, and the relative spatial position data of the parallel section of the adjacent well is obtained through the parallel spacing calculation system of the adjacent well. Then, the calculated data is sent to the ground display system.

利用邻井平行间距随钻电磁探测系统进行导向钻井时，磁短节紧跟在钻头后面，井下双磁传感器测量仪由钻杆或前接有爬行器的电缆下入到已钻井中合适位置，然后开启电源，探测由旋转磁短节产生的磁信号。根据该系统测量与计算获取的邻井平行间距和相对方位数据，并结合常规的MWD测量数据，工程技术人员可有效地控制钻头运动轨迹，以便精确控制邻并平行段以一定间距钻进。When using the adjacent well parallel spacing while drilling electromagnetic detection system for steerable drilling, the magnetic sub-joint follows the drill bit, and the downhole dual magnetic sensor measuring instrument is lowered into the drilled well by the drill pipe or the cable connected with the crawler in front. Then turn on the power and detect the magnetic signal generated by the rotating magnetic sub. According to the parallel spacing and relative azimuth data of adjacent wells measured and calculated by the system, combined with conventional MWD measurement data, engineers and technicians can effectively control the trajectory of the drill bit, so as to accurately control the drilling of adjacent parallel sections at a certain interval.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于根据井下双磁传感器探管传感器接收到的磁信号，计算磁短节与井下双磁传感器探管的相对位置，进而确定邻井平行段的相对空间位置。The purpose of the present invention is to calculate the relative position of the magnetic nipple and the downhole dual magnetic sensor probe according to the magnetic signal received by the downhole dual magnetic sensor probe tube, and then determine the relative spatial position of the parallel section of the adjacent well.

邻井平行间距随钻电磁探测系统的工作原理如图1所示，本发明是该系统的核心算法，提供一种确定邻井平行段相对空间位置的计算方法，包括下列步骤：The working principle of the parallel spacing while drilling electromagnetic detection system for adjacent wells is shown in Figure 1. The present invention is the core algorithm of the system. It provides a calculation method for determining the relative spatial position of parallel sections of adjacent wells, including the following steps:

步骤1，提取已钻井与正钻井的井况信息。已钻井与正钻井的井眼轨迹测量信息；已钻井与正钻井的井口坐标；已钻井与正钻井的钻盘平面高度(KB)和地面海拔高度(GL)；已钻井的井身结构。Step 1, extract the well condition information of wells that have been drilled and wells that are being drilled. Wellbore trajectory measurement information of wells that have been drilled and wells that are being drilled; wellhead coordinates of wells that have been drilled and wells that are being drilled; heights of drilling discs (KB) and ground altitude (GL) of wells that have been drilled and wells that are being drilled; well structures of wells that have been drilled.

步骤2，处理提取的已钻井与正钻井的井况信息。Step 2, processing the extracted well condition information of wells that have been drilled and wells that are being drilled.

步骤3，建立旋转磁短节周围空间磁感应强度计算模型。Step 3, establish the calculation model of magnetic induction intensity in the space around the rotating magnetic short joint.

步骤4，在地表测定磁短节的等效磁矩并给出井下磁短节等效磁矩可能的变化范围。Step 4: Measure the equivalent magnetic moment of the magnetic sub on the surface and give the possible variation range of the equivalent magnetic moment of the downhole magnetic sub.

步骤5，根据估计的邻井平行间距，用钻杆或爬行器将井下双磁传感器探管下入已钻井到合适位置。磁短节下入到双磁传感器探管两端部之间，最好使双磁传感器探管的中点正对上方正钻井中的磁短节。Step 5, according to the estimated parallel spacing of the adjacent wells, use the drill pipe or crawler to run the downhole dual magnetic sensor probe into the drilled well to a suitable position. The magnetic short joint is lowered between the two ends of the double magnetic sensor probe tube, and the midpoint of the double magnetic sensor probe tube is preferably facing the magnetic short joint that is being drilled above.

步骤6，提取井下双磁传感器探管计算的邻井平行段的相对空间位置数据。Step 6, extract the relative spatial position data of the parallel section of the adjacent well calculated by the downhole dual magnetic sensor probe.

步骤7，利用所述处理后的井况信息、井下双磁传感器探管计算数据、磁短节等效磁矩，计算井下双磁传感器探管与磁短节在正钻井井口坐标系中的空间位置，进而确定邻井平行段在正钻井井口坐标系中的相对空间位置。Step 7, using the processed well condition information, the calculation data of the downhole dual magnetic sensor probe, and the equivalent magnetic moment of the magnetic sub to calculate the space between the downhole dual magnetic sensor probe and the magnetic sub in the wellhead coordinate system of the ongoing drilling position, and then determine the relative spatial position of the parallel section of the adjacent well in the wellhead coordinate system of the drilling well.

步骤8，根据计算结果，调整工具面继续钻进到下一位置。Step 8, according to the calculation result, adjust the tool face and continue drilling to the next position.

步骤9，根据计算的邻井平行间距，用钻杆或爬行器将井下双磁传感器探管下入到下一位置，同样尽量使双磁传感器探管的中点正对上方正钻井中的磁短节。Step 9, according to the calculated parallel spacing of adjacent wells, run the downhole dual magnetic sensor probe to the next position with the drill pipe or crawler, and also try to make the midpoint of the dual magnetic sensor probe face the magnetic short section.

步骤10，转到步骤6，如此循环至钻完。Step 10, go to step 6, and so on until the drilling is finished.

所述步骤2包括：Said step 2 includes:

步骤21，根据正钻井与已钻井的钻盘平面高度(KB)和地面海拔高度(GL)，计算水平井钻盘平面高度比直井钻盘平面高度高多少或低多少。Step 21, according to the drilling disc plane height (KB) and the ground altitude (GL) of the well being drilled and the well being drilled, calculate how much the horizontal well drilling disc plane height is higher or lower than the vertical well drilling disc plane height.

步骤22，确定井眼轨迹数据是相对于钻盘平面高度还是地面海拔高度。Step 22, determine whether the wellbore trajectory data is relative to the plane height of the drill disk or the surface altitude.

步骤23，根据正钻井与已钻井井口坐标计算已钻井井口相对正钻井井口的偏移量。Step 23, calculating the offset of the drilled wellhead relative to the ongoing drilling wellhead according to the coordinates of the drilling wellhead and the drilled wellhead.

步骤24，在双磁传感器探管和连通点的实际垂直深度(TVD)、北坐标(N)、东坐标(E)数据上加上或减去所述偏移量。Step 24, adding or subtracting the offset to the actual vertical depth (TVD), north coordinate (N) and east coordinate (E) data of the dual magnetic sensor probe and the connection point.

所述步骤3包括：Said step 3 includes:

如图2所示，计算旋转磁短节周围空间远场磁感应强度时，可把旋转磁短节看成旋转磁偶极子，其周围空间远场磁感应强度B计算如下：As shown in Figure 2, when calculating the far-field magnetic induction intensity of the space around the rotating magnetic sub-joint, the rotating magnetic sub-joint can be regarded as a rotating magnetic dipole, and the far-field magnetic induction intensity B of the surrounding space is calculated as follows:

$B B = = \frac{11}{44 π π} ((\frac{33 ((m m \cdot &Center Dot; r r)) r r}{{r r}^{55}} - - \frac{m m}{{r r}^{33}}))$

在直角坐标系中， $m = {\hat{e}}_{x} m \cos θ + {\hat{e}}_{y} m \sin θ,$ $r = {\hat{e}}_{x} x + {\hat{e}}_{y} y + {\hat{e}}_{z} z,$ 磁感应强度的三轴分量B_x、B_y、B_z计算如下：In a Cartesian coordinate system, $m = {\hat{e}}_{x} m \cos θ + {\hat{e}}_{the y} m \sin θ,$ $r = {\hat{e}}_{x} x + {\hat{e}}_{the y} the y + {\hat{e}}_{z} z,$ The three-axis components B _x , By _y , and B _z of the magnetic induction are calculated as follows:

$\{\begin{matrix} {B B}_{x x} = = \frac{11}{44 π π} ((\frac{33 ((mx mx sin sin θ θ + + mz mz cos cos θ θ)) x x}{{(({x x}^{22} + + {y the y}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}} - - \frac{m m cos cos θ θ}{{(({x x}^{22} + + {y the y}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{33 / / 22}})) \\ {B B}_{y the y} = = \frac{11}{44 π π} ((\frac{33 ((mx mx sin sin θ θ + + mz mz cos cos θ θ)) y the y}{{(({x x}^{22} + + {y the y}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}} - - \frac{m m sin sin θ θ}{{(({x x}^{22} + + {y the y}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{33 / / 22}})) \\ {B B}_{z z} = = \frac{11}{44 π π} \frac{33 ((mx mx sin sin θ θ + + mz mz cos cos θ θ)) z z}{{(({x x}^{22} + + {y the y}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}} \end{matrix}$

式中：m为磁短节的等效磁矩。In the formula: m is the equivalent magnetic moment of the magnetic short joint.

所述步骤6包括：Said step 6 comprises:

根据所述计算模型，建立如图3所示坐标系。如图3所示，磁短节到双磁传感器探管的径向间距为R；磁短节到双磁传感器探管上部的磁场传感器的距离为r₁，到双磁传感器探管端部的磁场传感器的距离为r₂；磁短节到双磁传感器探管上部的磁场传感器的轴向间距为z₁，到双磁传感器探管端部的磁场传感器的轴向间距为z₂；两磁场传感器的间距为d(已知)。According to the calculation model, a coordinate system as shown in Fig. 3 is established. As shown in Figure 3, the radial distance from the magnetic sub to the dual magnetic sensor probe is R; the distance from the magnetic sub to the magnetic field sensor on the upper part of the dual magnetic sensor probe is r ₁ The distance of the magnetic field sensor is r ₂ ; the axial distance from the magnetic short joint to the magnetic field sensor on the upper part of the double magnetic sensor probe is z ₁ , and the axial distance from the magnetic field sensor to the end of the double magnetic sensor probe is z ₂ ; the two magnetic fields The distance between the sensors is d (known).

如图4所示，单位矢量

代表三轴交变磁场传感器的X、Y轴；单位矢量

代表t时刻磁短节等效磁矩的方向；单位矢量

代表磁短节到双磁传感器探管的径向；单位矢量

正交于双磁传感器探管的轴向，同时正交于单位矢量

代表已钻井井眼高边方向；AmR代表单位矢量

到单位矢量

的夹角；AhR代表磁短节与双磁传感器探管的径向连线到的夹角；Ahx代表井眼高边Hs到单位矢量

的夹角；AxR代表单位矢量

到单位矢量

的夹角。As shown in Figure 4, the unit vector

Represents the X and Y axes of the three-axis alternating magnetic field sensor; unit vector

Represents the direction of the equivalent magnetic moment of the magnetic short joint at time t; unit vector

Represents the radial direction from the magnetic sub to the dual magnetic sensor probe; unit vector

Orthogonal to the axis of the dual magnetic sensor probe, and orthogonal to the unit vector

Represents the direction of the high side of the drilled wellbore; AmR represents the unit vector

to the unit vector

The included angle; AhR represents the angle between the magnetic short joint and the radial connection line of the dual magnetic sensor probe; Ahx represents the wellbore high side Hs to the unit vector

The included angle; AxR represents the unit vector

to the unit vector

angle.

如图3、图4所示，要求邻井平行段的相对空间位置，主要是确定磁短节到双磁传感器探管的径向间距R和夹角AhR。As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the relative spatial position of the parallel section in adjacent wells is required mainly to determine the radial distance R and included angle AhR from the magnetic sub to the dual magnetic sensor probe.

在图3所示坐标系中：In the coordinate system shown in Figure 3:

${B B}_{R R} = = \frac{m m}{44 π π} \frac{((33 {R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22})) cos cos ((AmR QUR))}{{r r}^{55}}$

${B B}_{q q} = = \frac{m m}{44 π π} \frac{sin sin ((AmR QUR))}{{r r}^{33}}$

${B B}_{z z} = = \frac{m m}{44 π π} \frac{33 Rz Rz cos cos ((AmR QUR))}{{r r}^{55}}$

$| | {B B}_{R R} | | = = \sqrt{{| | {B B}_{x x} | |}^{22} + + {| | {B B}_{y the y} | |}^{22}} = = \frac{m m ((22 {((R R / / z z))}^{22} - - 11))}{44 π π {z z}^{33} {((11 + + {((R R / / z z))}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}}$

$| | {B B}_{z z} | | = = \frac{33 mRz lm w}{44 π π {(({R R}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}} = = \frac{33 m m ((R R / / z z))}{44 π π {z z}^{33} {((11 + + {((R R / / z z))}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}}$

式中：|B_z|代表交变磁场传感器Z轴检测到的磁场感应强度波形的振幅，|B_R|代表径向磁场感应强度波形的振幅。In the formula: |B _z | represents the amplitude of the magnetic field induction intensity waveform detected by the Z-axis of the alternating magnetic field sensor, and |B _R | represents the amplitude of the radial magnetic field induction intensity waveform.

如图4所示，双磁传感器探管三轴交变磁场传感器X、Y轴检测到的磁场感应强度分量为：As shown in Figure 4, the magnetic field induction intensity components detected by the X and Y axes of the three-axis alternating magnetic field sensor of the dual magnetic sensor probe are:

${B B}_{x x} = = \frac{m m}{44 π π {r r}^{33}} \sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya))} cos cos ((AmR QUR - - {P P}_{x x}))$

$cos cos (({P P}_{x x})) = = \frac{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}})) cos cos ((AxR wxya))}{\sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya))}}$

$sin sin (({P P}_{x x})) = = \frac{- - sin sin ((AxR wxya))}{\sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya))}}$

${B B}_{y the y} = = \frac{m m}{44 π π {r r}^{33}} \sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya))} cos cos ((AmR QUR - - {P P}_{y the y}))$

$cos cos (({P P}_{y the y})) = = \frac{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}})) sin sin ((AxR wxya))}{\sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya))}}$

$sin sin (({P P}_{y the y})) = = \frac{cos cos ((AxR wxya))}{\sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya))}}$

将两交变磁场传感器检测到的三轴磁场感应强度波形的振幅代入以下几式：Substitute the amplitude of the three-axis magnetic field induction intensity waveform detected by the two alternating magnetic field sensors into the following formula:

$| | {B B}_{R R} | | = = \sqrt{{| | {B B}_{x x} | |}^{22} + + {| | {B B}_{y the y} | |}^{22}}$

$α α &equiv; &equiv; \frac{| | {B B}_{11 R R} | |}{| | {B B}_{11 z z} | |}$

$β β &equiv; &equiv; \frac{| | {B B}_{22 R R} | |}{| | {B B}_{22 z z} | |}$

$u u = = \frac{33 α α - - \sqrt{{99 α α}^{22} + + 88}}{44}$

$v v = = \frac{33 β β - - \sqrt{{99 β β}^{22} + + 88}}{44}$

$R R = = \frac{uvd uvd}{u u - - v v}$

${z z}_{11} = = \frac{vd vd}{u u - - v v}$

${z z}_{22} = = \frac{ud ud}{u u - - v v}$

可求得邻井平行间距R和z₁、z₂。将R和z₁、z₂代入下式The parallel spacing R and z ₁ and z ₂ of adjacent wells can be obtained. Substitute R, z ₁ and z ₂ into the following formula

$cos cos ((22 AxR wxya)) = = \frac{{(({22 R R}^{22} - - {z z}^{22}))}^{22} + + {(({R R}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{22}}{{(({22 R R}^{22} - - {z z}^{22}))}^{22} - - {(({R R}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{22}} \frac{{| | {B B}_{x x} | |}^{22} - - {| | {B B}_{y the y} | |}^{22}}{{| | {B B}_{x x} | |}^{22} + + {| | {B B}_{y the y} | |}^{22}}$

式中：|B_x|、|B_y|代表交变磁场传感器X、Y轴检测到的磁场感应强度波形的振幅。In the formula: |B _x |, |B _y | represent the amplitude of the magnetic field induction intensity waveform detected by the X and Y axes of the alternating magnetic field sensor.

可得在两交变磁场传感器处单位矢量

到单位矢量夹角的值AxR₁、AxR₂，因此The unit vector at the two alternating magnetic field sensors can be obtained

to the unit vector The value of the included angle AxR ₁ , AxR ₂ , so

$AxR wxya = = \frac{11}{22} (({AxR wxya}_{11} + + {AxR wxya}_{22})) . .$

显然，以上得到的AxR不能确定其在[0，π]范围内，还在是在[-π，0]范围内。在实际应用中这不是个问题，因为它的范围可由夹角Ahx来确定。夹角Ahx可由三轴加速度传感器测得，因此，邻井平行段的相对方位，即磁短节到已钻井井眼高边的夹角Obviously, the AxR obtained above cannot be determined whether it is in the range of [0, π], or whether it is in the range of [-π, 0]. In practice this is not a problem because its range can be determined by the included angle Ahx. The included angle Ahx can be measured by the triaxial acceleration sensor. Therefore, the relative orientation of the parallel section of the adjacent well, that is, the included angle from the magnetic sub to the high side of the drilled wellbore

AhR＝π-Ahx-AxR。AhR=π-Ahx-AxR.

从而，确定了磁短节到双磁传感器探管的相对空间置，进而也就确定了邻井平行段的相对空间位置。Thus, the relative spatial position of the magnetic sub-joint to the dual magnetic sensor probe is determined, and then the relative spatial position of the parallel section of the adjacent well is also determined.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是邻井平行间距随钻电磁探测系统工作示意图。Fig. 1 is a working schematic diagram of the electromagnetic detection system while drilling with parallel spacing between adjacent wells.

图2是旋转磁短节周围空间磁感应强度计算模型。Figure 2 is the calculation model of the magnetic induction intensity in the space around the rotating magnetic short joint.

图3是邻井平行间距随钻电磁探测系统测距计算模型。Fig. 3 is the ranging calculation model of the electromagnetic detection while drilling system for the parallel spacing of adjacent wells.

图4是分析邻井平行段相对方位示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of analyzing the relative azimuth of parallel sections of adjacent wells.

图5是正钻井与已钻井井口信息示图。Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the wellhead information of the well being drilled and the well being drilled.

图中：In the picture:

1正钻井 2已钻井 3钻井塔 4电缆 5钻头1 Drilling 2 Drilled 3 Drilling tower 4 Cable 5 Drill bit

6磁短节 7井下双磁传感器探管 8地面设备 61磁力线6 Magnetic short joints 7 Downhole dual magnetic sensor probes 8 Surface equipment 61 Magnetic force lines

71三轴高精度交变磁场传感器 72三轴高精度交变磁场传感器71 Three-axis high-precision alternating magnetic field sensor 72 Three-axis high-precision alternating magnetic field sensor

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

本发明可基于双磁传感器探管接收磁短节产生的两组磁信号，确定邻井平行段的相对空间位置，其计算方法包括下列主要步骤：The present invention can determine the relative spatial position of the parallel section of adjacent wells based on the dual magnetic sensor probe receiving two sets of magnetic signals generated by the magnetic nipple. The calculation method includes the following main steps:

提取已钻井与正钻井的井况信息后，以正钻井井口位置为参考建立全局坐标系，然后计算已钻井的井口坐标。为确保计算的正确，最后是绘制如图5所示示意图，在图上标出已钻井与正钻井的井口坐标。具体算法如下：After extracting the well condition information of the drilled well and the well being drilled, a global coordinate system is established with the wellhead position of the well being drilled as a reference, and then the wellhead coordinates of the drilled well are calculated. In order to ensure the correctness of the calculation, the schematic diagram shown in Figure 5 is finally drawn, and the wellhead coordinates of the drilled well and the well being drilled are marked on the figure. The specific algorithm is as follows:

根据已钻井与正钻井的钻盘平面高度(KB)和地面海拔高度(GL)，计算正钻井钻盘平面高度比已钻井钻盘平面高度高多少或低多少。According to the plane height (KB) and ground altitude (GL) of the drilled and drilling wells, calculate how much higher or lower the plane height of the drilling disc is than the plane height of the drilled well.

确定井眼轨迹数据是相对于钻盘平面高度还是地面海拔高度。Determines whether the borehole trajectory data is relative to the plate level or surface elevation.

根据已钻井与正钻井井口坐标计算已钻井井口相对正钻井井口的偏移。Calculate the offset of the drilled wellhead relative to the drilling wellhead according to the wellhead coordinates of the drilled well and the drilling wellhead.

在双磁传感器探管的实际垂直深度(TVD)、北坐标(N)、东坐标(E)数据上加上或减去所述偏移量。Add or subtract the offset to the True Vertical Depth (TVD), North (N), East (E) data of the dual magnetic sensor probe.

步骤3，建立旋转磁短节周围空间磁感应强度计算模型。Step 3, establish the calculation model of the magnetic induction intensity in the space around the rotating magnetic short joint.

磁短节中由永磁体来提供永磁场。不同个数的圆柱形永磁体以一定的方式在磁短节中堆栈在一起，形成不同强度的永磁场，这种设计方式不仅易于改变磁短节磁场的强度，而且经济，又能尽可能小的降低磁短节的强度。对于圆柱形永磁体空间磁场分布的计算有磁偶极子法、等效磁荷法、有限元仿真等方法。其中磁偶极子法最为简单，而且在邻井平行间距随钻电磁探测系统中要测的磁场范围在距磁短节4m以外，满足磁偶极子法适应于计算远场的要求。Permanent magnets are used to provide permanent magnetic fields in the magnetic short joints. Different numbers of cylindrical permanent magnets are stacked together in a certain way in the magnetic sub-joint to form permanent magnetic fields of different strengths. This design method is not only easy to change the magnetic field strength of the magnetic sub-joint, but also economical and can be as small reduces the strength of the magnetic short joint. For the calculation of the spatial magnetic field distribution of cylindrical permanent magnets, there are methods such as magnetic dipole method, equivalent magnetic charge method, and finite element simulation. Among them, the magnetic dipole method is the simplest, and the range of the magnetic field to be measured in the parallel spacing while drilling electromagnetic detection system of adjacent wells is beyond 4m from the magnetic sub-joint, which meets the requirements of the magnetic dipole method for calculating the far field.

如图2所示，磁短节周围空间远场磁感应强度B计算如下：As shown in Figure 2, the far-field magnetic induction B in the space around the magnetic sub is calculated as follows:

$B B = = \frac{11}{44 π π} ((\frac{33 ((m m \cdot &Center Dot; r r)) r r}{{r r}^{55}} - - \frac{m m}{{r r}^{33}})) - - - - - - ((11))$

在直角坐标系中，磁感应强度的三轴分量B_x、B_y、B_z计算如下：In the Cartesian coordinate system, the three-axis components B _x , By _y , and B _z of the magnetic induction intensity are calculated as follows:

$\{\begin{matrix} {B B}_{x x} = = \frac{11}{44 π π} ((\frac{33 ((mx mx sin sin θ θ + + mz mz cos cos θ θ)) x x}{{(({x x}^{22} + + {y the y}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}} - - \frac{m m cos cos θ θ}{{(({x x}^{22} + + {y the y}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{33 / / 22}})) \\ {B B}_{y the y} = = \frac{11}{44 π π} ((\frac{33 ((mx mx sin sin θ θ + + mz mz cos cos θ θ)) y the y}{{(({x x}^{22} + + {y the y}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}} - - \frac{m m sin sin θ θ}{{(({x x}^{22} + + {y the y}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{33 / / 22}})) \\ {B B}_{z z} = = \frac{11}{44 π π} \frac{33 ((mx mx sin sin θ θ + + mz mz cos cos θ θ)) z z}{{(({x x}^{22} + + {y the y}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}} \end{matrix} - - - - - - ((22))$

式中m：为磁短节的等效磁矩。Where m: is the equivalent magnetic moment of the magnetic short joint.

利用本发明者在申请的专利200910210079X中发明的测定磁短节等效磁矩的方法，可求得磁短节在地面的等效磁矩。一般情况下，井下磁短节的等效磁矩在地面测定的100％～90％范围内；在特殊地层，井下磁短节的等效磁矩在地面测定的100％～80％范围内。Using the method for measuring the equivalent magnetic moment of the magnetic short joint invented by the inventor in the patent application 200910210079X, the equivalent magnetic moment of the magnetic short joint on the ground can be obtained. In general, the equivalent magnetic moment of the downhole magnetic sub is within the range of 100% to 90% measured on the ground; in special formations, the equivalent magnetic moment of the downhole magnetic sub is within the range of 100% to 80% measured on the ground.

步骤5，根据估计的邻井平行间距，用钻杆或爬行器将井下双磁传感器探管下入已钻井到合适位置。磁短节下入到双磁传感器探管两端部之间，最好使双磁传感器探管的中点正对上方正钻井中的磁短节。Step 5, according to the estimated parallel spacing of the adjacent wells, use the drill pipe or crawler to run the downhole dual magnetic sensor probe into the drilled well to a suitable position. The magnetic short joint is lowered between the two ends of the double magnetic sensor probe tube, and the midpoint of the double magnetic sensor probe tube is preferably facing the magnetic short joint being drilled above.

如图4所示，单位矢量

代表三轴交变磁场传感器的X、Y轴；单位矢量

代表t时刻磁短节等效磁矩的方向；单位矢量

代表磁短节到双磁传感器探管的径向；单位矢量

正交于双磁传感器探管的轴向，同时正交于单位矢量代表已钻井井眼高边方向；AmR代表单位矢量

到单位矢量

的夹角；AxR代表单位矢量

到单位矢量

的夹角。As shown in Figure 4, the unit vector

Orthogonal to the axis of the dual magnetic sensor probe, and orthogonal to the unit vector Represents the direction of the high side of the drilled wellbore; AmR represents the unit vector

to the unit vector

The included angle; AxR represents the unit vector

to the unit vector

angle.

在图3所示坐标系中， $m = \hat{R} m \cos (AmR) + \hat{q} m \sin (AmR),$ $r = R \hat{R} + z \hat{z},$ 因此可得：In the coordinate system shown in Figure 3, $m = \hat{R} m \cos (QUR) + \hat{q} m \sin (QUR),$ $r = R \hat{R} + z \hat{z},$ Hence:

${B B}_{R R} = = \frac{m m}{44 π π} \frac{((33 {R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22})) cos cos ((AmR QUR))}{{r r}^{55}} - - - - - - ((33))$

${B B}_{q q} = = \frac{m m}{44 π π} \frac{sin sin ((AmR QUR))}{{r r}^{33}} - - - - - - ((44))$

${B B}_{z z} = = \frac{m m}{44 π π} \frac{33 Rz Rz cos cos ((AmR QUR))}{{r r}^{55}} - - - - - - ((55))$

B_x＝B_Rcos(AxR)-B_qsin(AxR) (6)B _x ＝B _R cos(AxR)-B _q sin(AxR) (6)

B_y＝B_Rsin(AxR)+B_qcos(AxR) (7)B _y =B _R sin(AxR)+B _q cos(AxR) (7)

将(3)～(5)式代入(6)～(7)式可得：Substitute (3)~(5) into (6)~(7) to get:

${B B}_{x x} = = \frac{m m}{44 π π {r r}^{33}} \sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya))} cos cos ((AmR QUR - - {P P}_{x x})) - - - - - - ((88))$

$cos cos (({P P}_{x x})) = = \frac{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}})) cos cos ((AxR wxya))}{\sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya))}} - - - - - - ((99))$

$sin sin (({P P}_{x x})) = = \frac{- - sin sin ((AxR wxya))}{\sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya))}} - - - - - - ((1010))$

${B B}_{y the y} = = \frac{m m}{44 π π {r r}^{33}} \sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya))} cos cos ((AmR QUR - - {P P}_{y the y})) - - - - - - ((1111))$

$cos cos (({P P}_{y the y})) = = \frac{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}})) sin sin ((AxR wxya))}{\sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya))}} - - - - - - ((1212))$

$sin sin (({P P}_{y the y})) = = \frac{cos cos ((AxR wxya))}{\sqrt{{((\frac{{33 R R}^{22} - - {r r}^{22}}{{r r}^{22}}))}^{22} {sin sin}^{22} ((AxR wxya)) + + {cos cos}^{22} ((AxR wxya))}} - - - - - - ((1313))$

由(6)式和(9)式可得：From formula (6) and formula (9), we can get:

$cos cos ((22 AxR wxya)) = = \frac{{(({22 R R}^{22} - - {z z}^{22}))}^{22} + + {(({R R}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{22}}{{(({22 R R}^{22} - - {z z}^{22}))}^{22} - - {(({R R}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{22}} \frac{{| | {B B}_{x x} | |}^{22} - - {| | {B B}_{y the y} | |}^{22}}{{| | {B B}_{x x} | |}^{22} + + {| | {B B}_{y the y} | |}^{22}} - - - - - - ((1414))$

式中：|Bx|、|By|代表交变磁场传感器X、Y轴检测到的磁场感应强度波形的振幅。In the formula: |Bx|, |By| represent the amplitude of the magnetic field induction intensity waveform detected by the X and Y axes of the alternating magnetic field sensor.

由(3)式和(5)式可得：From formula (3) and formula (5), we can get:

$| | {B B}_{R R} | | = = \sqrt{{| | {B B}_{x x} | |}^{22} + + {| | {B B}_{y the y} | |}^{22}} = = \frac{m m ((22 {((R R / / z z))}^{22} - - 11))}{44 π π {z z}^{33} {((11 + + {((R R / / z z))}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}} - - - - - - ((1515))$

$| | {B B}_{z z} | | = = \frac{33 mRz lm w}{44 π π {(({R R}^{22} + + {z z}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}} = = \frac{33 m m ((R R / / z z))}{44 π π {z z}^{33} {((11 + + {((R R / / z z))}^{22}))}^{55 / / 22}} - - - - - - ((1616))$

在双磁传感器探管上部交变磁场传感器处定义：Defined at the alternating magnetic field sensor on the upper part of the dual magnetic sensor probe:

$u u &equiv; &equiv; \frac{R R}{{z z}_{11}} - - - - - - ((1717))$

$α α &equiv; &equiv; \frac{| | {B B}_{11 R R} | |}{| | {B B}_{11 z z} | |} = = \frac{{22 u u}^{22} - - 11}{33 u u} - - - - - - ((1818))$

又因为z₁＜0，由(18)式可解得：And because z ₁ <0, formula (18) can be solved:

$u u = = \frac{33 α α - - \sqrt{{99 α α}^{22} + + 88}}{44} - - - - - - ((1919))$

在双磁传感器探管下部传感器处定义：Defined at the lower sensor of the dual magnetic sensor probe:

$v v = = \frac{R R}{{z z}_{22}} = = \frac{R R}{{z z}_{11} + + d d} - - - - - - ((2020))$

$β β &equiv; &equiv; \frac{| | {B B}_{22 R R} | |}{| | {B B}_{22 z z} | |} = = \frac{{22 v v}^{22} - - 11}{33 v v} - - - - - - ((21 twenty one))$

又因为z₁＜d，由(21)式可解得：And because z ₁ <d, formula (21) can be solved:

$v v = = \frac{33 β β - - \sqrt{{99 β β}^{22} + + 88}}{44} - - - - - - ((22 twenty two))$

由(17)式和(20)式联立可得：From formula (17) and formula (20), we can get:

$R R = = \frac{uvd uvd}{u u - - v v} - - - - - - ((23 twenty three))$

${z z}_{11} = = \frac{vd vd}{u u - - v v} - - - - - - ((24 twenty four))$

${z z}_{22} = = \frac{ud ud}{u u - - v v} - - - - - - ((2525))$

将(23)～(25)式代入(14)式可得在两交变磁场传感器处单位矢量

到单位矢量

夹角的值AxR₁、AxR₂，因此Substituting equations (23)～(25) into equation (14), the unit vector at the two alternating magnetic field sensors can be obtained

to the unit vector

The value of the included angle AxR ₁ , AxR ₂ , so

$AxR wxya = = \frac{11}{22} (({AxR wxya}_{11} + + {AxR wxya}_{22})) - - - - - - ((2626))$

显然，由(14)式得到的AxR不能确定其在[0，π]范围内，还在是在[-π，0]范围内。在实际应用中这不是个问题，因为它的范围可由夹角Ahx来确定。夹角Ahx可由三轴加速度传感器测得，因此，邻井平行段的相对方位，即磁短节到已钻井井眼高边的夹角Obviously, AxR obtained from formula (14) cannot be determined whether it is in the range of [0, π], or whether it is in the range of [-π, 0]. In practice this is not a problem because its range can be determined by the included angle Ahx. The included angle Ahx can be measured by the triaxial acceleration sensor. Therefore, the relative orientation of the parallel section of the adjacent well, that is, the included angle from the magnetic sub to the high side of the drilled wellbore

AhR＝π-Ahx-AxR (27)AhR＝π-Ahx-AxR (27)

由磁短节到双磁传感器探管的径向间距R和夹角AhR，可以确定磁短节到双磁传感器探管的相对空间位置。磁短节的位置代表正钻井位置，双磁传感器探管的位置代表已钻井位置，因此由磁短节到双磁传感器探管的相对空间位置也就确定了邻井平行段的相对空间位置。The relative spatial position from the magnetic sub to the dual magnetic sensor probe can be determined from the radial distance R and the included angle AhR from the magnetic sub to the dual magnetic sensor probe. The position of the magnetic sub-joint represents the drilling position, and the position of the dual magnetic sensor probe represents the drilled position. Therefore, the relative spatial position from the magnetic sub-joint to the dual magnetic sensor probe also determines the relative spatial position of the parallel section of the adjacent well.

Claims

1. a method of utilizing down-hole pair two groups of magnetic signals that Magnetic Sensor inserting tubes reception magnetic short section produces to determine the relative tertiary location of offset well parallel-segment is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

Step 1 is extracted the hole condition information of drilling well and positive drilling well: drilling well and just the well track metrical information of drilling well; Drilling well and the just mouth coordinate of drilling well; Brill dish level (KB) and the EGL (GL) of drilling well and positive drilling well; The casing programme of drilling well;

Step 2, the hole condition information of the drilling well that processing is extracted and positive drilling well;

Step 3 is set up rotary magnetic pipe nipple surrounding space magnetic induction intensity and is calculated model;

Step 4 is measured the equivalent magnetic moment of magnetic short section and is provided the possible excursion of down-hole magnetic short section equivalence magnetic moment on the earth's surface;

Step 5 according to the adjacent-well parallel intervals of estimating, is lowered to drilling well to correct position with drilling rod or crawl device with the two Magnetic Sensor inserting tubes in down-hole; Magnetic short section is lowered between two Magnetic Sensor inserting tube both ends, the magnetic short section of the mid point that makes two Magnetic Sensor inserting tubes in the upper upright drilling well;

Step 6, the relative tertiary location data of the offset well parallel-segment that the two Magnetic Sensor inserting tubes in extraction down-hole calculate;

Step 7, utilize the two Magnetic Sensor inserting tube calculated datas in hole condition information, down-hole, magnetic short section equivalence magnetic moment after the described processing, calculate the two Magnetic Sensor inserting tubes in down-hole and the locus of magnetic short section in positive drilling well-head coordinate system, and then the relative tertiary location of definite offset well parallel-segment in positive drilling well-head coordinate system;

Step 8 according to result of calculation, is adjusted tool-face and is continued to creep into the next position;

Step 9 according to the adjacent-well parallel intervals that calculates, is lowered into the next position with drilling rod or crawl device with the two Magnetic Sensor inserting tubes in down-hole, the magnetic short section of the mid point that makes equally two Magnetic Sensor inserting tubes in the upper upright drilling well;

Step 10 forwards step 6 to, so is circulated to and has bored.

2. two groups of magnetic signals that utilize the two Magnetic Sensor inserting tubes in down-hole to receive the magnetic short section generation according to claim 1 are determined the method for the relative tertiary location of offset well parallel-segment, and it is characterized in that: step 2 comprises:

Step 21, according to positive drilling well and brill dish level (KB) and the EGL (GL) of drilling well, calculated level well brill dish level than straight well brill dish level high what or how much hang down;

Step 22 determines that hole trajectory data is with respect to brill dish level or EGL;

Step 23 aligns the side-play amount of drilling well-head mutually according to positive drilling well and drilling well-head coordinate Calculation drilling well-head;

Step 24 adds or deducts described side-play amount in the true vertical depth (TVD) of two Magnetic Sensor inserting tubes and connectivity points, northern coordinate (N), eastern coordinate (E) data.