CN101883079B - For the method and apparatus of accelerating to request multimedia contents in the Internet - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention proposes in the Internet for the method and apparatus of accelerating to request multimedia contents.Wherein, user terminal obtains address on multimedia server of the content of multimedia of asking and obtains corresponding indication information according to this address information, multiple relevant information comprising the network node of the identical content of the content of multimedia to be downloaded with this is obtained according to indication information, then according to the relevant information of the plurality of network node, based on P2P agreement, accelerate the download of content of multimedia, using as from multimedia server based on HTTP downloads supplementary.According to method and apparatus of the present invention, the speed of download can be improved, thus improve the fluency of online play multimedia content, improve Consumer's Experience.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for multicasting multimedia content in the internet, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for accelerating the streaming of multimedia content in the internet.
Background
At present, due to rapid development of internet technology and multimedia processing technology, it is increasingly convenient to transmit multimedia content via the internet, so that content providers provide more and more multimedia content on the internet, and more users rely on a new medium, internet, to listen to and watch multimedia content on line.
The conventional multimedia on demand service is mainly operated based on a Server/Client (C/S) model. Multimedia data such as video is mainly and intensively stored at a server side, and a user establishes connection with a corresponding server through a web browser based on an HTTP protocol and downloads video data, so that the purpose of online watching is achieved. However, in this mode, the number of users that the server can carry is limited, and after the user scale is enlarged, the bandwidth of the server and the corresponding server needs to be increased, and the downloading flexibility is not sufficient, and only a single-thread download can be provided.
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a scheme for accelerating online on-demand in HTTP mode by using P2SP (peer to peer) technology, which greatly increases the video playing speed of online on-demand and brings better user experience (usereexperience).
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that in the traditional online on-demand mode based on the HTTP protocol, as the number of users desiring to play the same multimedia content increases and the bandwidth of a server is limited, the users cannot normally play the multimedia content, the invention provides a scheme for accelerating online on-demand in the HTTP mode by adopting a P2SP (PeerToServerndPeer) technology.
Specifically, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for ordering multimedia content in a user terminal, wherein the user terminal obtains address information of the multimedia content on a multimedia server, and performs the ordering of the multimedia content according to the address information, the method further comprising the steps of: acquiring the indication information of the multimedia content according to the address information; according to the indication information, when one or more point-to-point network resources contain the multimedia content, acquiring resource related information of the one or more point-to-point network resources; accelerating the on-demand program according to the resource related information;
according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method in a first network server for assisting a user terminal in downloading multimedia content, comprising the steps of: acquiring indication information from the user terminal; acquiring first content identification information of the multimedia content according to the indication information; providing the first content identification information to the user terminal;
according to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an auxiliary downloading method in a second network server for assisting a user terminal in accelerating downloading of multimedia content, the multimedia server containing the multimedia content to be downloaded, the auxiliary downloading method comprising the steps of: receiving node-related information corresponding to multimedia content requested by the user terminal from the user terminal; acquiring relevant information of other user terminal nodes of the corresponding fragment according to the node relevant information; sending the relevant information of the other user terminal nodes to the user terminal;
according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control device for ordering multimedia content in a user terminal, wherein the control device comprises an address information obtaining device for obtaining address information of the multimedia content on a multimedia server, an ordering device for ordering the multimedia content according to the address information, and the control device further comprises: the indication information acquisition device is used for acquiring the indication information of the multimedia content according to the address information; a node resource obtaining device, configured to obtain resource-related information of one or more point-to-point network resources according to the indication information when the one or more point-to-point network resources include the multimedia content; the on-demand accelerating device is used for accelerating the on-demand according to the resource related information;
according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first auxiliary device in a first network server for assisting a user terminal in downloading multimedia content, comprising:
a first obtaining device, configured to obtain indication information from the user terminal;
a first providing device, configured to obtain first content identification information of the multimedia content according to the indication information, and provide the first content identification information to the user terminal;
according to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a second auxiliary downloading method in a second network server for assisting a user terminal in accelerating downloading of multimedia content, the multimedia server containing the multimedia content to be downloaded, the auxiliary downloading method comprising the steps of:
second obtaining means for receiving first content identification information corresponding to the multimedia content requested by the user terminal from the user terminal;
and the node related information providing device is used for acquiring the related information of other peer user terminal nodes of the corresponding fragment according to the first content identification information and sending the related information of other peer user terminal nodes to the user terminal.
By using the method or the device according to the invention, the following advantages are achieved:
the multimedia content can be simultaneously acquired from a plurality of network resources according to the address information, and the downloading speed of the multimedia content is greatly improved.
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The features, objects and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood by reading the following detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements (means).
FIG. 1 illustrates a network topology diagram in accordance with a specific embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a system method flow diagram in accordance with a specific embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a fault tolerant process for accelerated on-demand of multimedia content in the R2SP mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a specific implementation manner of using multimedia length and partial content of multimedia as indication information to obtain corresponding first content identification information according to another specific embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of an apparatus according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of an apparatus for fault tolerant processing of accelerated on-demand of multimedia content in the R2SP mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a network topology according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. Wherein, the network comprises a user terminal 1; the multimedia server 2 is used for storing multimedia contents and providing corresponding multimedia contents for each user according to the requests of different users; a first web server 3, the first web server 3 comprising an index server (IndexServer); a second network server 4, the second network server 4 comprising a directory server (tracker Server), and one or more peer nodes 5 (peers).
Fig. 2 shows a flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring now to fig. 2, and in conjunction with fig. 1, a flow chart of the method of the present invention is described.
In step S10, the user terminal 1 acquires address information on the multimedia server 2 of the requested on-demand multimedia content.
Specifically, when a user wishes to request a multimedia content, he sends a request message to the multimedia server 2 through the browser in the user terminal 1, where the request message includes address information of the requested multimedia content on the multimedia server 2, for example, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of the multimedia content.
The user terminal 1 obtains the URL of the multimedia content on the requested multimedia content server through the underlying technology. For example, the user terminal 1 acquires the URL of the multimedia content on the requested multimedia content server through an underlying hook technology (hook). The hooking technique is a platform of the Windows message handling mechanism on which an application can set a subroutine to monitor certain messages for a given window, and the monitored window can be created by other processes. When a message arrives, it is processed before the target window processing function. The hooking mechanism allows the application to intercept handling window messages or specific events. A hook is actually a segment of a program that handles messages and is hooked into the system through a system call. Whenever a particular message is sent, the hook captures the message before the destination window is reached, i.e. the hook takes control. In this case, the hook function may process (change) the message, may continue to transmit the message without processing, or may forcibly end the transmission of the message. Furthermore, the user terminal 1 may intercept the URL of the requested multimedia content through an automatic proxy script. Of course, the operation of the user terminal 1 to obtain the URL of the requested multimedia content by means of, for example, a hooking technique or the like, is completely transparent to the user, i.e., the user does not perceive the operation of the user terminal 1 to obtain the address of the requested multimedia content.
After the user terminal 1 acquires the URL of the requested multimedia content, for example, the URL of the multimedia content ishttp://www.abc.com/a/1.flvThereafter, the method proceeds to step S11, and the user terminal 1 transmits request messages to the multimedia server 2 and the first network server 3, respectively. Wherein, the request message sent by the user terminal 1 to the multimedia server 2 is used to request the multimedia server 2 to send the multimedia request content, and the request message sent by the user terminal 1 to the first network server 3 includes the URL of the multimedia content, that is,http://www.abc.com/a/1.flv. Of course, the user terminal 1 may send the request messages to the multimedia server 2 and the first network server 3 at the same time or at different times, and the sending time of the two request messages is not in obvious sequence.
After receiving the request message from the user terminal 1, the multimedia server 2 may provide the corresponding multimedia content to the user terminal 1 according to the request message, that is, the online on-demand request message, which is the prior art and therefore will not be described herein.
Then, in step S12, when the first web server 3 receives a message including address information of the multimedia content, for example, a URL, from the user terminal 1, the first web server 3 acquires first content identification information corresponding to the URL based on the URL information.
The first content identification information may include, for example, an MD5 check code (Message-digest algorithm 5). Generally, file contents are different and corresponding MD5 is different, and thus MD5 can be used to uniquely identify content. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the first content identification information is denoted by MD 5. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the first content identification information is not limited to MD5, and the first content identification information for uniquely identifying the multimedia content may be generated by algorithms such as SHA-1, RIPEMD, and Haval.
The first web server 3 comprises an index server in which a mapping table of a plurality of URLs and first content identification information of a plurality of multimedia contents is maintained locally, for example by means of a database. The URL includes addresses of a plurality of multimedia contents on the multimedia contents server 2. The multimedia content server 2 comprises servers of a plurality of different content providers, which may be, for example, a server of a potato network, a server of a koku 6, a server of a kokura, etc. The mapping table is established by reporting from each terminal. The detailed reporting process will be described in detail below.
If the first web server 3 finds the MD5 corresponding to the URL by looking up the mapping table of the URL with the first contents identification information, the method proceeds to step S13.
In step S13, the first web server 3 transmits the MD5 corresponding to the URL of the requested multimedia content acquired in step S12 to the user terminal 1.
Then, in step S14, the user terminal 1 provides the acquired MD5 to the second web server 4. It is understood that the second web server 4 includes a conventional tracker server of P2P, in which a correspondence relationship of MD5 and resource-related information of a node (peer) is maintained. The second network server 4 finds the resource-related information of the node corresponding to the MD5 transmitted by the user terminal 1, for example, the address of the node, by looking up the correspondence.
Then, the method proceeds to step S15, and the second network server 4 returns resource-related information of one or more nodes corresponding to the MD5 to the user terminal 1.
Then, in step S16, the user terminal 1 initiates a download request to the corresponding node according to the resource-related information of the specific corresponding node acquired in step S15.
Then, the user terminal 1 requests the multimedia contents on-line based on the HTTP protocol according to the address of the multimedia server 2, while the user terminal accelerates the request of the multimedia contents according to the point-to-point (P2P) protocol from the corresponding node at step S17.
If the first web server 3 does not find the MD5 corresponding to the URL by looking up the mapping table of the URL and the first contents identification information, the method proceeds to step S18, and the user terminal 1 requests the multimedia contents based on the HTTP protocol only according to the address of the multimedia server 2 it requests.
In an alternative embodiment, after the user terminal 1 finishes downloading the complete multimedia content from the multimedia server 2 in step S18, the method further includes step S19 (not shown), and the user terminal 1 locally generates the second content identification information corresponding to the multimedia content, that is, the MD5 corresponding to the completely downloaded multimedia content, according to the complete multimedia content (not shown) that has been cached locally. Specifically, the user terminal 1 blocks the entire multimedia content, generates a corresponding MD5 for each block, and calculates a total MD5 for all calculated MDs 5 of the multimedia content, where the total MD5 is an MD5 corresponding to the multimedia content. The user terminal 1 then sends the correspondence of the newly generated MD5 with the URL of the multimedia content on the multimedia server 2 to the first web server 3, so that the first web server 3 updates the correspondence of the URL on the first web server 3 with the MD5 on the first web server 3 (e.g. in its database). In addition, the user terminal 1 reports the generated information about the MD5 and the node to the second network server, so that the second network server updates the correspondence relationship between the MD5 and the node.
The above-described embodiment is to consider a case where the correspondence between the data content and the URL is kept unchanged for a period of time. In practical applications, the multimedia content server 2 may update its stored content, for example, on the first day, athttp://www.123.AThe multimedia file stored in the address of (2) is file a, and on the next day, the multimedia content server 2 will store the file ahttp://www.123.AThe multimedia contents stored in the address of (a) are updated to the file b, and at the next day, a user desires to play the multimedia contents b on line, and therefore, the user terminal 1 provides the URL corresponding to the multimedia contents b to the first web server 3, that is,http://www.123.A. However, since the multimedia server 2 is a third-party software, the first web server 3 cannot quickly sense the update of the corresponding relationship between the URL in the multimedia server 2 and the multimedia content, that is, the first web server 3 still stores the first day's datahttp://www.123.AThe corresponding relation with the multimedia content a, therefore, the first web server 3 is according to the URL, namelyhttp://www.123.AThe corresponding MD5 can be found, but not the MD5 corresponding to the multimedia content b that the user terminal 1 wishes to download, but the MD5 corresponding to the multimedia content a that has expired. Therefore, if the user terminal 1 downloads the data of the multimedia content b from the multimedia server 2 based on the HTTP protocol, while downloading the data segments of the multimedia content a from one or more peer terminals 5 based on the P2P protocol, this will cause confusion of the data content, eventually causing and preventing the user from playing the multimedia content b normally.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a fault tolerant approach to P2 SP. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, in step S15, the user terminal 1 obtains information about one or more nodes (i.e., the peer terminals 5) corresponding to the MD5 corresponding to the URL provided from the first web server 3. Then, the method proceeds to step S20, and the user terminal 1 acquires the content _ length of the respective multimedia file and the partial content of the multimedia content from the multimedia server 2 and the counter terminal 5, respectively.
The partial content of the multimedia content may be the first 5 k-first 100k content of the multimedia content. The first 5 k-first 100k content of the multimedia content may include an HTTP header, a streaming header, and a portion of the multimedia content. It can be understood that, because the HTTP headers of different multimedia files may be the same, it is preferable that the part of the multimedia content includes no HTTP header, only the streaming media header and the part of the multimedia content closest to the header, so that such information is more accurate and can distinguish different multimedia contents more, thereby achieving a higher fault tolerance. In fact, it is not sufficient to employ only a part of the content of the multimedia content as the instruction information for retrieving the MD 5. As such a situation may arise: for example, if a piece of multimedia content is a cropped segment of another piece of multimedia content, for example, a complete piece of multimedia file is divided into a first part and a second part, the information of the first 5k to the first 100k of the first part is likely to be identical to the first 5k to the first 10k of the complete piece of multimedia content, and thus, the two pieces of multimedia content cannot be distinguished according to the data content of the first part of the two pieces of multimedia content. Therefore, in order to indicate different multimedia contents, content length information is also required.
Then, in step S21, the user terminal 1 determines whether the array [ content _ length, top 20k 'S data content ] from the multimedia server 1 is the same as the array [ content _ length, top 20 k' S data content ] from the counter terminal 5. If the same, the method proceeds to step S17, the user terminal 1 requests the multimedia content online based on the HTTP protocol according to the address of the multimedia server 2, while the user terminal accelerates the request of the multimedia content according to the peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol from the corresponding node.
If the user terminal 1 determines that the two are not the same, the method proceeds to step S22, and only downloads from the multimedia server 2 according to the HTTP protocol.
In an alternative embodiment, after the user terminal 1 finishes downloading the multimedia content b from the multimedia server 2, the method further includes step S23, where the user terminal 1 locally generates an MD5 corresponding to the multimedia content b according to the complete multimedia content b that has been cached locally. Specifically, the user terminal 1 blocks the entire multimedia content b, generates a corresponding MD5 for each block, and calculates a total MD5 for all calculated MDs 5 of the multimedia content b.
Then, in step S24, the user terminal 1 sends a report message to the first web server 3, where the report message includes information for notifying the first web server 3 that the correspondence between the URL stored in the first web server 3 and the MD5 may have been inaccurate, and preferably, the report message further includes: and indication information of correspondence between MD5 and the URL generated by user terminal 1. Those skilled in the art will understand that in the multimedia server 2, the corresponding MD5 will also be generated according to the multimedia content, and the rules used by the user terminal 1 to generate MD5 should be the same as the rules used by the multimedia server 2 to generate MD 5.
Furthermore, it is also possible that the correspondence of the URL with the multimedia content in the multimedia server 2 changes for the following purposes: in order to prevent the link from being stolen, the multimedia server 2, i.e. the server of the video website, may frequently change the URL corresponding to the stored multimedia data content, for example, the directory address storing the multimedia data content is updated regularly/irregularly, and still taking the above-mentioned change as an example, the address of the file a in the multimedia content server 2 on the first day ishttp://www.123.AThe content provider replaces the file a the next day in order to prevent the theft of the multimedia contenthttp://www.123.BTo a directory to which the data is directed, wherein the data is stored in the directoryhttp://www.123.BHas not stored anything before. After the update, the data is updated,http://www.123.Adoes not store any multimedia content at the address of (a). However, since the first web server 3 cannot quickly perceive the change between the correspondence of the multimedia content and the URL in the content server 2, that is, the content provider has become more aware of the changeThe correspondence of the multimedia content to the URL is new but the first web server 3 does not know that the above update has been made, e.g. in step S11 the user terminal 1 willhttp://www.123.BProvided to the first web server 3, but only those on the first day are stored on the first web server 3http://www.123.ACorresponding to the file a, andhttp://www.123.Bhas no multimedia content corresponding to it. That is, the first web server 3 cannot find the corresponding multimedia content according to the updated URL address, but actually, the multimedia content is still stored in the multimedia content server 2, but the stored path is changed. At this time, the method proceeds to step S30, and the user terminal 1 does not acquire the corresponding MD5 according to the URL, for example, the user terminal 1 receives a feedback message from the first web server 3 that the MD5 corresponding to the URL is not found, or the user terminal 1 still does not receive a feedback message from the first web server 3 that the MD5 corresponding to the URL is found over a predetermined time. The method proceeds to step S31 and the user terminal 1 sends indication information including a part of the multimedia content and the length (content _ length) of the multimedia content to the first web server 3 for retrieval.
On the first web server 3, it is also possible to save a partial content of the multimedia content and a correspondence between the length (content _ length) of the multimedia content and the MD 5. For example, the indication information is generated from the top 20k content of the multimedia content and the content _ length of the piece of multimedia content, and the correspondence between the indication information and the MD5 is prestored on the first network server 3. In step S32, the first web server 3 searches for a correspondence between the indication information held therein and the MD5 based on the indication information of the top 20k content containing the multimedia content and the content _ length of the piece of multimedia content transmitted in step S31 at the user terminal 1. If the corresponding MD5 is found, the method proceeds to step S33. In step S33, the first web server 3 transmits the MD5 corresponding to the indication information containing the partial content of the multimedia and the content _ length of the piece of multimedia content acquired in step S31 to the user terminal 1. Then, the method proceeds to steps S14 and S15, which are not described herein since they have already been described above.
If the first web server 1 does not find MD5 corresponding to the indication information of the content _ length containing the partial content of the multimedia and the piece of multimedia content in step S31, the method proceeds to step S18, and the user terminal 1 requests the multimedia content based on the HTTP protocol only according to the address of the multimedia server 2 it requests.
Proceeding to step S19 after step S18, the user terminal 1 generates second content identification information corresponding to the multimedia content from the complete multimedia content that has been cached locally.
Various embodiments of the present invention are described above in detail from a system method perspective, and the present invention will be described below from an apparatus perspective.
Referring to fig. 5, in conjunction with fig. 1 and 2, a block diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is described. The control device 10 shown in fig. 5 is located in the user terminal 1 shown in fig. 1. The control device 10 includes an address information acquisition device 100, an instruction information acquisition device 101, a node resource acquisition device 102, a jukebox device 103, and a jukebox acceleration device 104. The node resource acquiring means 102 further includes a first content identifier acquiring means 1020 and a first content identifier providing means 1021. Wherein, the first indication information providing device 102
The first auxiliary device 20 shown in fig. 5 is located in the first network server 3 shown in fig. 1. The first assisting apparatus 20 includes a first acquiring apparatus 200, a first providing apparatus 201, a report acquiring apparatus 202, and an updating apparatus 203.
The second auxiliary device 30 shown in fig. 5 is located in the second network server 4 shown in fig. 1. The second auxiliary device 30 includes a second acquisition device 300 and a node-related information providing device 301.
First, the address information acquiring apparatus 100 acquires the address information of the requested on-demand multimedia content on the multimedia server 2.
Specifically, when a user wishes to request a multimedia content, he sends a request message to the multimedia server 2 through the browser in the user terminal 1, where the request message includes address information of the requested multimedia content on the multimedia server 2, for example, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of the multimedia content.
The address information acquisition means 100 acquires the URL of the multimedia content on the requested multimedia content server by the underlying technology. For example, the address information acquisition apparatus 100 acquires the URL of the multimedia content on the requested multimedia content server through an underlying hook technology (hook). The hooking technique is a platform of the Windows message handling mechanism on which an application can set a subroutine to monitor certain messages for a given window, and the monitored window can be created by other processes. When a message arrives, it is processed before the target window processing function. The hooking mechanism allows the application to intercept handling window messages or specific events. A hook is actually a segment of a program that handles messages and is hooked into the system through a system call. Whenever a particular message is sent, the hook captures the message before the destination window is reached, i.e. the hook takes control. In this case, the hook function may process (change) the message, may continue to transmit the message without processing, or may forcibly end the transmission of the message. Further, the address information acquisition apparatus 100 may also intercept the URL of the requested multimedia content through an automatic proxy script. Of course, the operation of the address information acquisition apparatus 100 to acquire the URL of the requested multimedia content by, for example, the hook technique or the like is completely transparent to the user, that is, the user does not perceive the operation of the address information acquisition apparatus 100 to acquire the address of the requested multimedia content.
After the address information acquisition device 100 acquires the URL of the requested multimedia content, the instruction information acquisition device 101 obtains instruction information, for example, from the information acquired by the acquisition device 100For example, the indication information includes the URL of the multimedia content ashttp://www.abc.com/a/1.flvAfter that, the instruction information providing apparatus 10201 transmits a request message to the multimedia server 2 and the first network server 3, respectively. Wherein the request message transmitted by the instruction information providing apparatus 10201 to the multimedia server 2 is used to request the multimedia server 2 to transmit the multimedia request content, and the request message transmitted by the instruction information providing apparatus 10201 to the first auxiliary apparatus 20 includes the URL of the multimedia content, that is,http://www.abc.com/a/1.flv. Of course, the instruction information providing apparatus 10201 may transmit the request messages to the multimedia server 2 and the first network server 3 at the same time or at different times, respectively, and the transmission times of the two request messages are not in a clear sequence.
After the multimedia server 2 receives the request message from the indication information providing device 10201, the multimedia server 2 may provide corresponding multimedia content to the user terminal 1 according to the request message, that is, the on-line on-demand request message, which is a prior art and therefore not described herein again.
Then, when the first acquisition apparatus 200 receives a message including address information of the multimedia content, for example, a URL from the instruction information acquisition apparatus 101, the first providing apparatus 201 acquires the first content identification information corresponding to the URL according to the URL information.
The first content identification information may include, for example, an MD5 check code (Message-digest algorithm 5). Generally, file contents are different and corresponding MD5 is different, and thus MD5 can be used to uniquely identify content. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the first content identification information is denoted by MD 5. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the first content identification information is not limited to MD5, and the first content identification information for uniquely identifying the multimedia content may be generated by algorithms such as SHA-1, RIPEMD, and Haval.
The first web server 3 comprises an index server in which a mapping table of a plurality of URLs and first content identification information of a plurality of multimedia contents is maintained locally, for example by means of a database. The URL includes addresses of a plurality of multimedia contents on the multimedia contents server 2. The multimedia content server 2 comprises servers of a plurality of different content providers, which may be, for example, a server of a potato network, a server of a koku 6, a server of a kokura, etc. The mapping table is established by reporting from each terminal. The detailed reporting process will be described in detail below.
If the first web server 3 finds the MD5 corresponding to the URL by looking up the mapping table of the URL and the first content identification information, the first providing device 201 transmits the acquired MD5 corresponding to the URL of the requested multimedia content to the first content identification acquiring device 1020 in the control device 10.
Then, the first content identification provision apparatus 1021 provides the acquired MD5 to the second acquisition apparatus 300 in the second assistance apparatus 30 of the second network server 4. It is understood that the second web server 4 includes a conventional tracker server of P2P, in which a correspondence relationship of MD5 and resource-related information of a node (peer) is maintained. The node-related information providing apparatus 301 finds resource-related information of a node corresponding to the MD5 transmitted by the user terminal 1, for example, an address of the node, etc., by looking up the correspondence, and returns the resource-related information of one or more nodes corresponding to the MD5 to the control apparatus 10 of the user terminal 1.
Then, the node resource acquiring device 102 of the control device 10 initiates a download request to the corresponding node according to the acquired resource-related information of the specific corresponding node.
Then, the on-demand device (not shown in fig. 5) requests the multimedia content on-line based on the HTTP protocol according to the address of the multimedia server 2, while the on-demand acceleration device (not shown in fig. 5) accelerates the request of the multimedia content from the corresponding node according to the peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the on-demand device and the on-demand accelerator may be implemented by the same hardware device.
If the first providing device 201 of the first web server 3 does not find the MD5 corresponding to the URL by looking up the mapping table of the URL and the first contents identification information, the demanding device demands the multimedia contents based on the HTTP protocol only according to the address of the multimedia server 2 requested by the demanding device.
In an alternative embodiment, when the on-demand device finishes downloading the complete multimedia content from the multimedia server 2, the second content identification generation device (not shown in the figure) locally generates the second content identification information corresponding to the multimedia content, that is, the MD5 corresponding to the completely downloaded multimedia content, according to the complete multimedia content that has been cached locally. Specifically, the second content identifier generating means divides the entire multimedia content into blocks, generates a corresponding MD5 for each block, and calculates a total MD5 for all calculated MDs 5 of the multimedia content, where the total MD5 is an MD5 corresponding to the multimedia content. Then, the first reporting means sends the correspondence between the newly generated MD5 and the URL of the multimedia content on the multimedia server 2 to the report acquiring means 202 of the first web server 3, so that the updating means 203 of the first web server 3 updates the correspondence between the URL and the MD5 on the first web server 3 (e.g., in its database). In addition, the first reporting device also reports the generated information about the MD5 and the node to the second network server, so that the second network server updates the corresponding relationship between the MD5 and the node.
The above-described embodiment is to consider a case where the correspondence between the data content and the URL is kept unchanged for a period of time. In practical applications, the multimedia content server 2 may update its stored content, for example, on the first day, athttp://www.123.AThe multimedia file stored in the address of (2) is file a, and on the next day, the multimedia content server 2 will store the file ahttp://www.123.AThe address of (b) is updated to a file b, and on the next day, a user wishes to play the multimedia content b on line, and thus the instruction information providing apparatus 10201 provides the URL corresponding to the multimedia content b toThe first obtaining means 200, that is,http://www.123.A. However, since the multimedia server 2 is a third-party software, the first web server 3 cannot quickly sense the update of the corresponding relationship between the URL in the multimedia server 2 and the multimedia content, that is, the first web server 3 still stores the first day's datahttp://www.123.AThe corresponding relation with the multimedia content a, therefore, the first web server 3 is according to the URL, namelyhttp://www.123.AThe corresponding MD5 can be found, but not the MD5 corresponding to the multimedia content b that the user terminal 1 wishes to download, but the MD5 corresponding to the multimedia content a that has expired. Therefore, if the user terminal 1 downloads the data of the multimedia content b from the multimedia server 2 based on the HTTP protocol, while downloading the data segments of the multimedia content a from one or more peer terminals 5 based on the P2P protocol, this will cause confusion of the data content, eventually causing and preventing the user from playing the multimedia content b normally.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a fault tolerant approach to P2 SP. Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, after the node resource obtaining means 102 obtains information about one or more nodes (i.e., the peer terminal 5) corresponding to the MD5 corresponding to the URL provided by the first network server 3, the pre-obtaining means 103 obtains the content _ length and the partial content of the multimedia content of the respective multimedia file from the multimedia server 2 and the peer terminal 5, respectively.
The partial content of the multimedia content may be the first 5 k-first 100k content of the multimedia content. The first 5 k-first 100k content of the multimedia content may include an HTTP header, a streaming header, and a portion of the multimedia content. It can be understood that, because the HTTP headers of different multimedia files may be the same, it is preferable that the part of the multimedia content includes no HTTP header, only the streaming media header and the part of the multimedia content closest to the header, so that such information is more accurate and can distinguish different multimedia contents more, thereby achieving a higher fault tolerance. In fact, it is not sufficient to employ only a part of the content of the multimedia content as the instruction information for retrieving the MD 5. As such a situation may arise: for example, if a piece of multimedia content is a cropped segment of another piece of multimedia content, for example, a complete piece of multimedia file is divided into a first part and a second part, the information of the first 5k to the first 100k of the first part is likely to be identical to the first 5k to the first 10k of the complete piece of multimedia content, and thus, the two pieces of multimedia content cannot be distinguished according to the data content of the first part of the two pieces of multimedia content. Therefore, in order to indicate different multimedia contents, content length information is also required.
Then, the comparison means 104 judges whether or not the array [ content _ length, top 20 k's data content ] from the multimedia server 1 is the same as the array [ content _ length, top 20 k's data content ] from the counter terminal 5. If the multimedia content is the same as the requested multimedia content, the on-demand device requests the multimedia content on line according to the address of the multimedia server 2 and based on the HTTP protocol, and the acceleration on-demand device accelerates the request of the multimedia content from the corresponding node according to a point-to-point (P2P) protocol.
If the comparison means 104 determines that the two are not the same, the on-demand device only downloads from the multimedia server 2 according to the HTTP protocol.
In an alternative embodiment, after the user terminal 1 finishes downloading the multimedia content b from the multimedia server 2, the user terminal 1 locally generates MD5 corresponding to the multimedia content b from the complete multimedia content b that has been cached locally. Specifically, the user terminal 1 blocks the entire multimedia content b, generates a corresponding MD5 for each block, and calculates a total MD5 for all calculated MDs 5 of the multimedia content b.
The second reporting means sends a report message to the first web server 3, the report message including information for notifying the first web server 3 that the correspondence relationship between the URL stored in the first web server 3 and the MD5 may have been inaccurate, and preferably, the report message further includes: and indication information of correspondence between MD5 and the URL generated by user terminal 1. Those skilled in the art will understand that in the multimedia server 2, the corresponding MD5 will also be generated according to the multimedia content, and the rules used by the user terminal 1 to generate MD5 should be the same as the rules used by the multimedia server 2 to generate MD 5.
Furthermore, it is also possible that the correspondence of the URL with the multimedia content in the multimedia server 2 changes for the following purposes: in order to prevent the link from being stolen, the multimedia server 2, i.e. the server of the video website, may frequently change the URL corresponding to the stored multimedia data content, for example, the directory address storing the multimedia data content is updated regularly/irregularly, and still taking the above-mentioned change as an example, the address of the file a in the multimedia content server 2 on the first day ishttp://www.123.AThe content provider replaces the file a the next day in order to prevent the theft of the multimedia contenthttp://www.123.BTo a directory to which the data is directed, wherein the data is stored in the directoryhttp://www.123.BHas not stored anything before. After the update, the data is updated,http://www.123.Adoes not store any multimedia content at the address of (a). However, since the first web server 3 cannot quickly perceive the change between the correspondence of the multimedia content and the URL in the content server 2, that is, the content provider has updated the correspondence of the multimedia content and the URL, but the first web server 3 does not know that the update has been made, for example, in step S11, the user terminal 1 will perform the updatehttp://www.123.BProvided to the first web server 3, but only those on the first day are stored on the first web server 3http://www.123.ACorresponding to the file a, andhttp://www.123.Bhas no multimedia content corresponding to it. That is, the first web server 3 cannot find the corresponding multimedia content according to the updated URL address, but actually, the multimedia content is still stored in the multimedia content server 2, but the stored path is changed. Therefore, that is, the first judgment means judges that the corresponding MD5 cannot be found from the URL, and in this case, the instruction information providing means 101 issues the instruction information according to the partial content of the multimedia content and the length (content _ length) of the multimedia content to the first judgment means as the instruction informationThe web server 3 performs retrieval.
On the first web server 3, it is also possible to save a partial content of the multimedia content and a correspondence between the length (content _ length) of the multimedia content and the MD 5. For example, the indication information is generated from the top 20k content of the multimedia content and the content _ length of the piece of multimedia content, and the correspondence between the indication information and the MD5 is prestored on the first network server 3. The first network server 3 searches for a correspondence between the indication information held therein and the MD5 according to the indication information of the top 20k content containing the multimedia content and the content _ length of the piece of multimedia content transmitted by the indication information providing apparatus 101. If the corresponding MD5 is found, the first network server 3 sends the obtained MD5 corresponding to the indication information of the partial content containing the multimedia and the content _ length of the segment of multimedia content to the user terminal 1, that is, the first content identification information of the user terminal 1 obtains the corresponding MD5, that is, the judgment result of the second judgment means is that the corresponding MD5 is obtained. Then, the node resource obtaining device 102, the on-demand device and the on-demand accelerating device respectively perform their operations, which are described above and will not be described herein again.
If the MD5 corresponding to the indication information of the content _ length containing the part of the multimedia content and the segment of multimedia content is not found, i.e. the judgment result of the second judgment means is no, the on-demand device requests the multimedia content based on the HTTP protocol only according to the address of the multimedia server 2 requested by the on-demand device.
Then, the second content identification generation means generates second content identification information corresponding to the multimedia content from the complete multimedia content that has been cached locally.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in the embodiments of the apparatuses, the sub-apparatuses implementing the same function in the same module may be implemented by the same hardware or software module, for example, the first determining apparatus and the second determining apparatus may be implemented by a CPU.
The above description is that of the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the appended claims, and those changes or modifications are within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (26)
1. A method for broadcasting multimedia content in a user terminal, wherein the user terminal acquires address information of the multimedia content on a multimedia server and carries out the multimedia content on demand according to the address information, the method further comprises the following steps:
a. acquiring the indication information of the multimedia content according to the address information;
b. judging whether one or more point-to-point network resources contain the multimedia content or not according to the address information;
-when said one or more point-to-point network resources are not found according to said address information, determining whether said one or more point-to-point network resources contain said multimedia content according to the length and at least part of the content of the multimedia content on demand;
-obtaining resource-related information of one or more point-to-point network resources when said multimedia content is comprised in said one or more point-to-point network resources;
c. and accelerating the on-demand according to the resource related information.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication information comprises any or all of:
-said address information;
-a length and at least a part of the content of said on-demand multimedia content;
the step b further comprises the following steps:
b1. acquiring first content identification information corresponding to the indication information according to the indication information;
b2. acquiring node related information of point-to-point network resources of the fragments of the content corresponding to the first content identification information according to the first content identification information;
wherein the step c further comprises:
and accelerating the on-demand program based on a point-to-point technology and the point-to-point network resources according to the node related information.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step b1 further comprises:
b11. providing the indication information to a first network server;
b12. and acquiring the first content identification information corresponding to the indication information from the first network server.
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said step b2 further comprises the steps of:
b21. providing the first content identification information to a second network server;
b22. and acquiring the node related information of the point-to-point network resource which contains the fragment of the content corresponding to the first content identification information from the second network server.
5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the method further comprises the steps of:
i. determining whether the one or more peer-to-peer network resources contain the multimedia content; when the multimedia content is not included in the one or more point-to-point network resources:
-generating second content identification information corresponding to said on-demand multimedia content upon completion of said on-demand;
-reporting said second content identification information and said indication information to said first network server and node related information of said user terminal to a second network server.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein when the determination result of step i is that the one or more peer-to-peer network resources contain the multimedia content, the step i is followed by the following steps:
determining whether the multimedia content contained by the one or more point-to-point network resources corresponds to the requested multimedia content; if not, the multimedia content is only requested from the multimedia server.
7. The method of claim 6, said step ii further comprising:
iI1, respectively pre-ordering part of multimedia contents from the one or more point-to-point network resources and the multimedia server and respectively acquiring the file length of the multimedia contents;
ii2, judging whether the two multimedia contents are the same according to the file length and at least part of the file contents of the multimedia contents respectively acquired from the one or more point-to-point network resources and the multimedia server; if not, the multimedia content is requested only from the multimedia server.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein said step ii2 is further followed by:
if not, after the on-demand is completed, generating second content identification information corresponding to the on-demand multimedia content, and feeding back the indication information to the first network server as corresponding to the second content identification information.
9. A method in a first network server for assisting a user terminal in downloading multimedia content, comprising the steps of:
acquiring indication information from the user terminal;
n, acquiring first content identification information of the multimedia content according to the indication information, wherein the indication information comprises address information; wherein,
when the first content identification information of the multimedia content is not found according to the address information, searching the first content identification information of the multimedia content according to the length and at least part of the on-demand multimedia content;
providing the first content identification information to the user terminal.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first network server stores a correspondence relationship between indication information of one or more multimedia contents and first content identification information of multimedia, and the step n further comprises:
-obtaining first content identification information of said multimedia content based on said address information and a correspondence between said indication information of one or more multimedia contents and said first content identification information of multimedia.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the steps of:
-obtaining second content identification information reported from the user terminal and/or status update information with a changed correspondence of the indication information reported from the user terminal and the first content identification information;
-creating or updating a correspondence of the indication information of the one or more multimedia contents to the first content identification information in dependence of the second content identification information and/or the status update information.
12. The method according to any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the indication information comprises any one or more of:
-address information of said on-demand multimedia content on the requested multimedia server;
-the length of said on-demand multimedia content and at least part of the content.
13. A control device for ordering multimedia content in a user terminal, wherein the control device comprises an address information obtaining device for obtaining the address information of the multimedia content on a multimedia server, an ordering device for ordering the multimedia content according to the address information, and the control device further comprises:
the indication information acquisition device is used for acquiring the indication information of the multimedia content according to the address information;
a node resource obtaining device, configured to obtain resource-related information of one or more point-to-point network resources according to the indication information when the one or more point-to-point network resources include the multimedia content;
first judging means for judging whether the one or more peer-to-peer network resources include the multimedia content according to the address information;
a second determining device, configured to determine whether the one or more peer-to-peer network resources include the multimedia content according to the length of the on-demand multimedia content and at least part of the content when the one or more peer-to-peer network resources are not found according to the address information;
and the on-demand accelerating device is used for accelerating the on-demand according to the resource related information.
14. The control device of claim 13, wherein the indication information comprises any or all of:
-said address information;
-a length and at least a part of the content of said on-demand multimedia content;
the node resource acquiring device further comprises:
a first content identifier acquiring device, configured to acquire, according to the indication information, first content identifier information corresponding to the indication information;
the node resource acquiring device is further configured to acquire, according to the first content identification information, node-related information of a point-to-point network resource including a segment of a content corresponding to the first content identification information;
the on-demand accelerating device is further configured to accelerate the on-demand based on a point-to-point technology and the point-to-point network resource according to the node-related information.
15. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the first content identification acquisition means further includes:
indication information providing means for providing the indication information to the first network server;
the first content identification obtaining device is further configured to obtain the first content identification information corresponding to the indication information from the first network server.
16. The control device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the node resource acquiring device further comprises:
first content identification providing means for providing the first content identification information to a second network server;
the node resource obtaining device is further configured to obtain the node-related information of the point-to-point network resource from the second network server, where the node-related information includes the segment of the content corresponding to the first content identification information.
17. The control device according to claim 15,
when the one or more point-to-point network resources including the multimedia content cannot be found according to the address information, the control device further includes:
second content identification generating means for generating second content identification information corresponding to the on-demand multimedia content after the on-demand is completed;
first reporting means for reporting the second content identification information and the indication information to the first network server, and reporting the node-related information of the user terminal to a second network server.
18. The control apparatus of claim 17, wherein when the one or more point-to-point network resources containing the multimedia content are found according to the address information, the control apparatus further comprises:
processing means for determining whether the multimedia content contained in the one or more point-to-point network resources corresponds to requested multimedia content; if not, the multimedia content is only requested from the multimedia server.
19. The control device of claim 18, the processing device further comprising:
the pre-acquisition device is used for pre-ordering partial multimedia contents from the one or more point-to-point network resources and the multimedia server respectively and acquiring the file length of the multimedia contents respectively;
the comparison device is used for judging whether the two multimedia contents are the same or not according to the file length of the multimedia contents and at least part of the file contents which are respectively obtained from the one or more point-to-point network resources and the multimedia server; if not, the multimedia content is requested only from the multimedia server.
20. The control device according to claim 19, characterized by further comprising:
and the second reporting device is used for generating second content identification information corresponding to the on-demand multimedia content after the on-demand is finished if the multimedia content is different from the on-demand multimedia content, and feeding back the indication information to the first network server to be corresponding to the second content identification information.
21. A first auxiliary apparatus in a first network server for assisting a user terminal in downloading multimedia content, comprising the steps of:
a first obtaining device, configured to obtain indication information from the user terminal; when the first content identification information of the multimedia content is not found according to the address information, the first content identification information of the multimedia content is searched according to the length and at least part of the content of the multimedia content on demand;
and the first providing device is used for acquiring first content identification information of the multimedia content according to the indication information and providing the first content identification information to the user terminal.
22. The first auxiliary device of claim 21, wherein the first network server stores a correspondence between indication information of one or more multimedia contents and first content identification information of multimedia, and the first providing device is further configured to obtain the first content identification information of the multimedia contents according to the address information and the correspondence between the indication information of one or more multimedia contents and the first content identification information of multimedia.
23. The first auxiliary device of claim 22, further comprising:
report obtaining means for obtaining second content identification information reported from the user terminal and/or status update information in which a correspondence relationship between the indication information reported from the user terminal and the first content identification information changes;
and the updating device is used for creating or updating the corresponding relation between the indication information of the one or more multimedia contents and the first content identification information according to the second content identification information and/or the state updating information.
24. The first aid device according to any one of claims 21 to 22, wherein said indication information comprises any one or any plurality of:
-address information of said on-demand multimedia content on the requested multimedia server;
-the length of said on-demand multimedia content and at least part of the content.
25. A user terminal comprising control means for on-demand multimedia content according to any one of claims 13 to 20.
26. A first network server comprising a first assisting apparatus for assisting a user terminal in downloading multimedia content according to any one of claims 21 to 24.
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| CN102868938B (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2018-06-05 | 上海聚力传媒技术有限公司 | A kind of method and apparatus for being used to obtain segmented video files in network |
| CN102984223B (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2016-03-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of message method, the network equipment and system |
| CN103118277B (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2016-04-06 | 北京暴风科技股份有限公司 | A kind of video acceleration method |
| CN103686430A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-03-26 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Video file acquisition method and device |
| CN104811750A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-29 | 北京风行在线技术有限公司 | Method and device used for playing video in P2P peers and system |
| CN104980815A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 南京汇智明华信息科技有限公司 | On-line video-on-demand system based on P2P |
| CN108683519A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-10-19 | 安徽展航信息科技发展有限公司 | A kind of Internet exportation acceleration system |
| CN111294617A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-16 | 深圳市云歌人工智能技术有限公司 | Video playing method and device and storage medium |
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| CN101163156A (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2008-04-16 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Method, client terminal and system of obtaining network resource |
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