CN102084063A - Energy harvesting - Google Patents
Energy harvesting Download PDFInfo
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- CN102084063A CN102084063A CN2009801123260A CN200980112326A CN102084063A CN 102084063 A CN102084063 A CN 102084063A CN 2009801123260 A CN2009801123260 A CN 2009801123260A CN 200980112326 A CN200980112326 A CN 200980112326A CN 102084063 A CN102084063 A CN 102084063A
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- power
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- harvesting system
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F11/00—Road engineering aspects of Embedding pads or other sensitive devices in paving or other road surfaces, e.g. traffic detectors, vehicle-operated pressure-sensitive actuators, devices for monitoring atmospheric or road conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G3/00—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/08—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
- F03G7/081—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine recovering energy from moving road or rail vehicles, e.g. collecting vehicle vibrations in the vehicle tyres or shock absorbers
- F03G7/083—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine recovering energy from moving road or rail vehicles, e.g. collecting vehicle vibrations in the vehicle tyres or shock absorbers using devices on streets or on rails
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/08—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
- F03G7/081—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine recovering energy from moving road or rail vehicles, e.g. collecting vehicle vibrations in the vehicle tyres or shock absorbers
- F03G7/083—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine recovering energy from moving road or rail vehicles, e.g. collecting vehicle vibrations in the vehicle tyres or shock absorbers using devices on streets or on rails
- F03G7/087—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine recovering energy from moving road or rail vehicles, e.g. collecting vehicle vibrations in the vehicle tyres or shock absorbers using devices on streets or on rails magnetic or electromagnetic devices, e.g. linear electric generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了使用压电发生器采集道路和高速公路上的功率的设备系统和方法。本发明提供包括嵌入在道路中并配置成在运输工具行经其位置时产生电功率的多个压电装置的功率采集系统。该系统包括功率调节单元及将压电装置连接到功率调节单元的电导体。采集的能量可在靠近能量产生位置处本地使用、进行储存以供以后使用或传送到远处位置进行使用。
The invention discloses a device system and method for collecting power on roads and highways using piezoelectric generators. The present invention provides a power harvesting system including a plurality of piezoelectric devices embedded in a roadway and configured to generate electrical power as a vehicle travels over its location. The system includes a power conditioning unit and electrical conductors connecting the piezoelectric device to the power conditioning unit. Harvested energy can be used locally close to where the energy is generated, stored for later use, or transmitted to a remote location for use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to use piezo-electric generator on road, speedway, railway and airfield runway, to gather the device systems and the method for power
Background technology
The phenomenon of piezoelectricity is that some crystalline material is proportional to the ability that the mechanical pressure that is applied produces electric charge.Opposite effect also can be seen in these materials, promptly is proportional to the electric field that is applied and produces strain.This is initially found in the 1880's by Curie.At present, the leaded pottery of piezoelectric that is used for commercial Application for can extensively obtaining.Piezoelectric is the most well-known, as to be generally used for sensor and adaptive structure active material.
Original ceramic materials must at first polarize to utilize its piezo-electric effect completely.Polarization comprises to material and applies high electric field.During polarization process, the crystal dipole in the material is aimed at the electric field that is applied and material launches by the direction of electric field.By applying rightabout electric field, observe the strain of contrary sign.If increase the size of this opposite electric field, material is depolarising and final repolarization at first.
Piezoelectric after the polarization is considered to transverse isotropy, that is: plane isotropism, and direction has different character outside the plane simultaneously.By IEEE[IEEE Standard on Piezoelectricity, 176-1978] accepted standard coordinate agreement with the 1-2 plane be assigned as symmetrical plane and with 3 outside being assigned as the plane polarised direction.For the little electric field that applies, the response of piezoelectric ceramics can constitute [Jaffe, B., Cook Jr. by following linear piezoelectric, W.R., and H.Jaffe, 1971, " Piezoelectric Ceramics ", AcademicPress] carry out modeling, be expressed as by engineering matrix notation:
Wherein D is dielectric displacement, and S is strain, and E is an electric field, and T is a pressure, ε
TBe constant pressure (undamped) dielectric, d is the strain constant that causes, s
EBe permanent electric field compliance.
The mechanical compress on the piezo ceramic element of polarization or the change dipole moment that stretches, thus voltage produced.Along the compression of polarised direction or perpendicular to the stretching generation of polarised direction and the voltage of polarizing voltage identical polar.Along the stretching of polarised direction or perpendicular to the compression polarization of polarised direction and the opposite polarity voltage of polarizing voltage.These act as the generator effect, and promptly the ceramic component mechanical energy that will compress or stretch is converted to electric energy.This condition is used in fuel igniter, solid state battery, Force sensor, reaches in other product.The value of compressive force and the linear ratio of voltage (or field intensity) because of exerting pressure to piezo ceramic element and producing are up to the peculiar pressure of material.Strain for voltage that applies and generation is like this equally.
If apply voltage with the polarizing voltage identical polar to ceramic component, in the direction of polarizing voltage, ceramic component will become littler with elongated and diameter.If apply the voltage with the polarizing voltage opposite polarity, it is shorter and wideer that ceramic component will become.If apply alternating current, then ceramic component is will be with the frequency circulation of the voltage that applied elongated and shorten.This is the motor effect, and promptly electric energy is converted to mechanical energy.This principle is fit to piezoelectric motors, sound or ultrasonic TRT, reaches many other products.
Fig. 1 a schematically shows the generator effect of piezoelectric element known in the art.
Piezoelectric has considerable influence to the accessible performance of sensor.Normally used piezoelectric is based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) pottery.
Suppose the PZT element directly as sensor, important material parameter can outline so that the material quality factor to be provided.These are many factors that influence the selection of PZT composition.Formation equation at the horizontal lower linear piezoelectric of low-pressure (T) can be write
x＝s
DT+gD (2)
And
E＝-gT+β
xD (3)
Wherein x is strain, and D is dielectric displacement, and E is an electric field, and s is an elastic compliance, and reaching g is piezoelectric voltage coefficient, promptly
At this, d is a piezoelectric constant, and ε is an electric medium constant.Constant β in the equation (3) is a dielectric susceptibility, and equals contrary dielectric Constant component of tensor.Under applied force F=TA (wherein A is an area), the open circuit output voltage (U) of pottery can be calculated as from equation (3)
Wherein t is the thickness of pottery.The electric charge that produces on the piezoelectric ceramics (Q) can be defined as from equation (2)
Or
Wherein C is the electric capacity of material.Top relation shows that when low frequency, the performance of piezoelectric board can be assumed to the performance of plane-parallel capacitor similar.Therefore, the electrical power that obtains under cycle motivation is provided by equation (8).
Wherein V=A * t is the capacity of piezo-electric generator.
Under some experiment condition, for the given material of fixed-area and thickness, electrical power depends on the d of material
2/ ε
xRatio.
Has high d
2/ ε
xThe material of ratio will produce high power when piezoelectric ceramics is directly used in collecting energy.
Fig. 1 b (i) shows the structure of single-element sensor, and Fig. 1 b (ii) shows the multiple field sensor.
In Fig. 1 b multiple field structure (ii), all layers are applied same power F.Yet because the thickness of each layer is littler, the voltage that produces in each layer (when all layers electrical connection in parallel, its voltage for producing on the total) is lower.All layers electrical connection in parallel will be increased the electric capacity of this structure.
Fig. 1 b (iii) shows the preferred embodiment of multiple field PZT generator, and wherein the polarised direction of adjacent layer is opposite.In this embodiment, two opposite faces to the layer between use common electrode.
The comment " Advances In Energy Harvesting Using Low Profile Piezoelectric Transducers " that is published among J Electroceram (2007) 19:165-182, is write by Shashank Priya covers the latest developments in the piezoelectric energy collection field of using unobtrusive sensor comprehensively and the result of various energy acquisition prototype plants is provided.The selection of piezoelectric in Kai Heguan resonance is used has also briefly been described.
Be published in IEEE/ASME Transactions On Mechatronics in April, 2005, VOL.10, the paper of writing by Stephen R.Platt, Shane Farhtor and Hani Haider among the NO.2 " On Low-Frequency Electric Power Generation With PZT Ceramics " discussed generator based on PZT to different in nature remote application as the potential application in vivo sensing element, embedded MEMS device and distributed network.This paper points out that because relatively poor source characteristic (high voltage, low current, high impedance) and quite low power output, developing piezo-electric generator is challenging.
By IEEE CS and IEEE ComSoc, the article " Energy Scavenging for Mobile and Wireless Electronics " that 1536-1268/05/ publication, Joseph A.Paradiso and Thad Starner write has been commented on and has been used for the sensor network of omnipresent deployment and the energy acquisition field of mobile electronic device and recorder system power supply, and these networks and equipment and system can extract power or obtain limited energy from amount of heat, light, radio or vibration from mankind's activity.
At The Shock and Vibration Digest, Vol.36, No.3, May 2004 197-205, the comment paper " A Review of Power Harvesting from Vibration using Piezoelectric Materials " of publishing among the SagePublications, being write by Henry A.Sodano, Daniel J.Inman and Gyuhae Park has been discussed the process of obtaining energy around the system and being converted into available electrical energy, is called power collecting.This paper has been discussed the research carried out in the power collecting field and has been entered daily use in the following target that must realize for the power collecting system.
Carman Gregory P. and Lee Dong G. disclose the energy acquisition equipment that is used in the electrical system at patent application WO07038157A2 on September 21st, 2006 application, that be entitled as " Energy Harvesting Using Frequency Rectification ", have the reverse frequency rectifier of the mechanical energy that is configured to receive a frequency, wherein power makes sensor stand another frequency.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to use piezo-electric generator on road and speedway, to gather the device systems and the method for power.
An aspect of of the present present invention provides the power collecting system, comprising: a plurality of piezo-electric devices that are configured to produce electrical power when vehicle is passed through its position; The power adjusting unit; Piezo-electric device is connected to the electric conductor of power adjusting unit.
In certain embodiments, piezo-electric device is embedded in the road.
In certain embodiments, the power adjusting unit further is connected to main electrical network.
In certain embodiments, the power adjusting unit further is connected to the power storage element.
In certain embodiments, the power adjusting unit provides electrical power to charge with the battery to electric automobile to Battery Charging Station.
In certain embodiments, the power adjusting unit provides electrical power to the roadside lamp.
In certain embodiments, the power adjusting unit provides electrical power to signal element.
Another aspect of the present invention provides the power collecting system, and wherein said piezo-electric device comprises a plurality of PZT bars that are embedded in the adhesive.
In certain embodiments, described adhesive is an epoxy resin.
In certain embodiments, described adhesive is selected from down group: thermoplastic polymer, rubber or other natural or synthetic flexible material.
Another aspect of the present invention provides the method for collecting energy, comprising: a plurality of piezo-electric devices that can produce electrical power are embedded in the road; By electric conductor the power adjusting unit is connected to described a plurality of piezo-electric device; Wherein when vehicle process piezo-electric device position, produce electrical power.
In certain embodiments, the energy collecting system that embeds based on piezo-electric device comprises: a plurality of piezo-electric devices and electric conductor are arranged on the way of concrete foundations of road; Reach asphalt reperfusion on described piezo-electric device and described electric conductor.
In certain embodiments, the energy collecting system that embeds based on piezo-electric device comprises: perfusion first bitumen layer on road foundation; A plurality of piezo-electric devices and electric conductor are arranged on first bitumen layer; Reach perfusion second bitumen layer on described piezo-electric device and described electric conductor.
In certain embodiments, the energy collecting system that embeds based on piezo-electric device comprises: stay first bitumen layer thereby bitumen layer is partly moved apart the road that has paved; A plurality of piezo-electric devices and electric conductor are arranged on first bitumen layer; Reach perfusion second bitumen layer on described piezo-electric device and described electric conductor.
In certain embodiments, the energy collecting system that embeds based on piezo-electric device comprises: along bitumen layer being moved apart the road that has paved with the length of road to parallel narrow ditch; A plurality of piezo-electric devices and electric conductor are arranged in the described ditch; And on described piezo-electric device and described electric conductor asphalt reperfusion layer thereby fill described ditch.
In certain embodiments, comprise the ditch that produces the concrete foundation that reaches road along to parallel narrow ditch bitumen layer being moved apart the road that has paved with the length of road.
In certain embodiments, comprise the length that produces with road to two parallel narrow ditches, narrow ditch in each track of road along to parallel narrow ditch bitumen layer being moved apart the road that has paved with the length of road.
Unless otherwise indicated, all technology and scientific terminology have the common implication of understanding of those skilled in the art of the technical field of the invention as used herein.Although can use in enforcement of the present invention or test with said method similar or of equal value and material, suitable method and material are described below.Under the situation that conflict occurs, patent specification comprises that definition will control.In addition, material, method and example only are illustrative, are not intended to restriction.
Description of drawings
At this present invention is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but only as an example.Now specifically with reference to the accompanying drawings during details, what should emphasize is, shown in details only as an example and will be used for purpose to the argumentation of describing property of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and be considered to principle of the present invention and notion aspect are carried out description former of the most useful and easy understanding thereby provided because of providing.Since it is so, attempt illustrating of the present invention, than the more detailed CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION of basic comprehension details essential to the invention, the description of carrying out makes several form of the present invention can how implement in practice it will be apparent to those skilled in the art in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 a and b schematically show the generator effect of piezoelectric element known in the art.
Fig. 2 a and b schematically show the equipment that is used for signal of telecommunication generation, rectification and storage.
Fig. 3 (i), (ii) and (iii) schematically show piezoelectric transducer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 schematically shows box-like according to the preferred embodiment of the invention piezoelectric transducer.
Fig. 5 schematically shows the power collecting system that is implemented in according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention on the track.
Fig. 6 schematically shows according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and the enforcement and the energy of energy collecting system use.
Fig. 7 schematically shows according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, during road is paved the way energy collecting system is implemented in the new road with concrete foundation.
Fig. 8 schematically shows according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, during road is paved the way energy collecting system is implemented in the new road that does not have concrete foundation.
Fig. 9 schematically shows according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, energy collecting system is implemented in the method in the new road that does not have concrete foundation during road is paved the way.
Figure 10 (a)-(d) schematically shows the method in the existing road with concrete foundation that energy collecting system is implemented in according to the embodiment of the invention.These illustrate the stage of refurbishment process.
Figure 11 (a)-(d) schematically shows the method in the existing road with concrete foundation that energy collecting system is implemented in according to the embodiment of the invention.These illustrate the stage of refurbishment process.
Figure 12 a schematically shows the lateral cross-sectional view of combination piezo-electric generator according to a further aspect of the invention.
Figure 12 b schematically shows the lateral view of combination piezo-electric generator according to a further aspect of the invention.
Figure 12 c schematically shows the vertical view of combination piezo-electric generator according to a further aspect of the invention.
Figure 12 d schematically shows the system that uses combination piezo-electric generator collecting energy according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 e schematically shows the system that uses combination piezo-electric generator collecting energy according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 schematically shows the inclination of piezo-electric generator according to a further aspect of the invention and places.
Figure 14 schematically shows the elevation of commercial passenger aircraft, shows typical dimensions.
Figure 15 schematically shows the landing point of commercial passenger aircraft, shows wheel construction and typical sizes.
Figure 16 a schematically shows the installation of piezoelectric energy generator (PEG) on runway according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 b schematically shows the enforcement of PEG in runway according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 17 schematically shows the box-like piezoelectric transducer 1700 of another preferred embodiment according to the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention relates to use piezo-electric generator on road and speedway, to gather the device systems and the method for power.
Before elaborating at least one embodiment of the present invention, should be appreciated that the invention is not restricted to propose in the following description or accompanying drawing shown in composition structure and the details of arranging.The present invention can use other embodiment or implement in every way or realize.Equally, should be appreciated that word and the term in this employing is used for purpose of description, should not be considered as restriction.
Accompanying drawing is non-usually to be drawn in proportion.Some optional parts are used dotted lines.
For the purpose of clear, in some figure, omit unessential element.
As used herein, should be understood to not get rid of plural element or step with the odd number statement and with element or step that speech " " carries out, unless spell out such eliminating.
Fig. 1 a and b schematically show the generator effect of the piezoelectric element of discussing in known in the art and the background technology part.
Fig. 1 a (i) shows PZT disk 110, wherein shows the polarised direction under the situation that does not have external force.In this case, voltmeter 120 shows does not have charge generation.
Fig. 1 a (ii) (iii) shows same PZT disk 110 with 1a, but applies compressive force and stretching force to it respectively.In this case, voltmeter 120 shows and has produced the positive and negative electric charge respectively.
Fig. 1 b (i) shows and similar single element PZT shown in Fig. 1 a.Length of element " L " and surface area " A " thereof mark in the figure.
Fig. 1 b (ii) shows and comprises n PZT disk 111 (1) ... the multicomponent PZT heap of 111 (n), each PZT disk has duplicate thickness t and surface area " A ".In this case, all PZT disks 111 (1) ... 111 (n) polarize by same direction, and the electrical connection all in parallel of all disks.Electrical insulator need be inserted between the contact electrode of adjacent elements.
Electric charge appears at connector 113 (+) and 113 (-).For simplicity, these connectors can be called " top electrodes " and " bottom electrode ".
Fig. 1 b (iii) shows and comprises n PZT disk 112 (1) ... the multicomponent PZT heap of 112 (n), each PZT disk has duplicate thickness and surface area.In this case, all piezoelectric ceramics disks 112 (1) ... 112 (n) polarize by the alternating direction shown in the arrow.Preferably between the face of adjacent elements, use common electrode.
Electric charge appears at connector 114 (+) and 114 (-).For simplicity, these connectors can be called " top electrodes " and " bottom electrode ".
Piezo-electric generator
The important applied field of PZT is for to be converted to electric energy with mechanical energy, and these chapters and sections are described the condition that PZT is used to change the energy of peak discharge.
The PZT cylinder can produce sufficiently high voltage to draw the spark in spaning electrode gap, and such spark is used in ignited flammable gas in cigar lighter or the gas stove.
In addition, the part energy of PZT sensor generation can be stored in the capacitor and can be used for to circuit supply, as shown in Figure 2.
In generating shown in Fig. 2 and storage facilities, the electric charge that piezoelectric transducer produces is stored in energy accumulating device such as the capacitor.Rectifier is by diode D
1Schematically show, collected electric charge is kept in the capacitor, up to it is utilized load to use by energy till.
Fig. 2 (i) shows single diode rectifier, and Fig. 2 (ii) shows the full rectifier that comprises the 4-diode bridge.
Fig. 2 (i) shows and uses single diode rectifier D
1Energy collecting system 200 (i).Although the PZT sensor among Fig. 2 a and the 2b all shows as the single element with top electrodes 211 and bottom electrode 212, the PZT sensor can be the multicomponent structure, as Fig. 1 b (ii) as shown in or preferably as Fig. 1 b (iii) as shown in.
Commutation diode D1 prevents to be accumulated in capacitor C
pOn electric charge when described sensor removes load, turning back to sensor.Therefore, capacitor C
pOn electric charge keep, when it is used by the load that is connected to load output 220 (i) till.
Fig. 2 (ii) show use the full rectifier comprise 4-diode bridge FR energy collecting system 200 (ii).
The rectifier bridge FR that comprises four diodes will be directed to capacitor C by the electric charge that applies the generation of compression and stretching force to the PZT sensor
pRectifier bridge FR prevents to be accumulated in capacitor C
pOn electric charge when described sensor removes load, turning back to sensor.Therefore, capacitor C
pOn electric charge keep, till it is when being connected to load output 220 load (ii) and using.Yet, can be clear that system 200 (ii) uses the electric charge that is produced better, thereby has higher energy efficiency.
Fig. 3 (i), (ii) and (iii) schematically show piezoelectric transducer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (i) shows the isometric drawing of piezoelectric transducer 300, wherein shows top electrodes 310 and bottom electrode 311.
Each bar can be made by single structure or multilayer, as Fig. 1 b (i), 1b (ii) or 1b (iii) shown in.
Preferably, the electrode of all bars is parallel-connected to top and bottom electrode, as Fig. 3 (iii) as shown in.
Those skilled in the art should be clear that, round-shaped, the position of bar of sensor and bar and the aspect ratio of sensor only are used for demonstration, and actual parameter will consider that requirement selects according to application as free space, load etc.
Fig. 4 schematically shows box-like according to the preferred embodiment of the invention piezoelectric transducer 400.
Although these bars are shown to have square sectional, also can use cylindrical or other shape.
Typical sizes 14 * 14cm
2Provide as an example with the 2cm height.Also can use other shape and size.
Preferably, the ratio of active piezoelectric material and adhesive filler is about 50%.Yet, can use greater or lesser ratio.
Typically, adhesive is softer than piezoelectric.
Each bar can be made by single structure or multilayer.
Preferably, the electrode of all bars is parallel-connected to top and bottom electrode (invisible among the figure).
In testing equipment, the ratio of active piezoelectric material and adhesive filler is approximately 64%.Yet, can use greater or lesser ratio.Preferably, the adhesive ratio is 30% to 40%.
In testing equipment, the array of 8 * 8 (64 altogether) piezoelectric pile is embedded in the adhesive, and wherein each heap is 4 * 4mm
2With the 20mm height.
Typically, adhesive is softer than piezoelectric.
As known in the art, each bar can be made by multilayer.Preferably, each bar has the multi-ply construction as shown in (iii) as Fig. 1 b.Preferably, the electrode of all bars is parallel-connected to top and bottom electrode (invisible among this figure).
In institute's testing equipment, each PZT bar is the 20mm height.Typically, polarizing voltage is every centimetre of 50000 volts of levels.Use this Polarization technique will need 100000 volts, this can cause the very high voltage source of spark jump and needs.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, many bars be connected in parallel and be placed in the stove and be heated near or preferably be higher than the temperature of Curie temperature (for employed pottery, about 300 degrees centigrade).Use only 5000V/cm (polarizing voltage altogether～10000V).Preferably, bar cool to room temperature under polarizing voltage.Afterwards, these bars are combined as sensor construction by the perfusion adhesive.
Fig. 5 schematically shows according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, power collecting system 500 is implemented in the vertical view on two carriageway surfacings 505.The part of road 505 illustrates with enlarged drawing.
In the embodiment shown, a plurality of energy producing units 520 are embedded in the road.Preferably, device 520 is the piezoelectric transducer shown in Fig. 3 or 4.
In a preferred embodiment, energy producing unit 520 is arranged in below the road surface at interval with rule.Shown in the amplifier section of Fig. 5, can select the axial distance of 30cm.It should be noted that the distance between the energy producing unit 520 preferably depends on the strain propagation in the road structure thereby depends on road structure and material.Usually, the distance between the device is determined by the achievement of optimizing the energy of being gathered and the system cost that influenced by every piezo-electric device installation cost and price.
Preferably, arrange two row's sensors in each track on road surface, wherein each row is arranged in the place that the automotive wheel that passes through may pass through.The cable 510 that is connected to energy producing unit is used for the energy that is produced is passed to energy management unit 530.Afterwards, the energy after the adjusting is passed to energy utility system 540.
In one embodiment, each cable 510 is made by two conductors, and all energy producing units are connected in parallel.As alternative, energy producing unit is connected in series.Combination in parallel and that be connected in series also is possible.
In certain embodiments, electric rectification carries out at each energy producing unit place, or carries out at one group of energy producing unit place, and the signal of telecommunication after the rectification is transmitted by cable.
For example, energy management unit 530 can comprise the DC-AC converter, and the signal that is produced after the rectification is converted to AC power, is ready to be powered by the device of the common master of family mains supply to being designed to.
In a preferred embodiment, energy management unit 530 be positioned at road a part the center and serve this segment path, the road of 1km for example.Energy loss in cloth cable cost, installation cost, the cable etc. is depended in the optimization that it will be appreciated that the distance between energy producing unit and the energy management unit.
Preferably, the system of power collecting shown in duplicates to carry out other power collecting along road.
In certain embodiments, arrange the more close road curb of energy producing unit more and arrange, rather than center, the track symmetry that more may pass through thereon about automobile.
In certain embodiments, arrange energy producing unit arranges by generally taking turns axial extent away from each other more.
It should be noted that the example that is implemented among this figure in the two track roads only is used to demonstrate and simple and clear purpose.System of the present invention can use in list or multi lane roadway.
Fig. 6 schematically shows according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and the enforcement and the energy of energy collecting system 600 use.
In the embodiment shown, the energy 610 that is produced by the energy producing unit that is embedded in the road surface 605 is converted to the electrical power of useful form by energy management unit 630.
The exemplary embodiment of Fig. 6 shows the Four-Lane Road speedway that each direction has two tracks, yet, can use the road of other type within the scope of the present invention.Usually, compare left-lane, automobile more may in right lane, advance (is left-lane at UK and similar country).Therefore, power generator only is implanted in usefulness cost efficient in the busiest track.Preferably, one section road of energy management unit 630 services comprises the track of two direct of travels, so that the energy loss minimum that causes because of cloth cable resistance.
Alternatively, energy accumulator 620 is used for storage power to use when needed as large capacitor or preferred rechargeable battery.Since the energy that produced only automobile above energy producing unit by the time just exist, energy accumulator is useful, make when do not have automobile or traffic slowly or the car number after a little while power supply be not interrupted.
Energy is used by energy utility system 630.Alternatively, energy utility system 630 is arranged near energy management unit 630 and optional energy accumulator 620.
For example:
Energy is used in the night illumination road.In this case, to such an extent as to during in the daytime, produce and energy stored can be in the use at night that the vehicle flow is too little can not satisfy whole power demand the time.
Signal lamp and roadside label can be powered, particularly, and distant place and uninhabited position and crossroad when the cost of powering from main electrical network at the electrification line is higher.Other purposes can be that emergent communication unit, mobile communication base station and roadside advertisement are powered.
Along with electric automobile is popular, the needs at battery recharge station, roadside are increased day by day.Can use the power of gathering from the automobile that passes through.
In certain embodiments, the power of all generations or the excess power that stays after local power demand satisfies are exported to main electrical power electrical network to be paid by Utilities Electric Co..In these embodiments, energy management unit can be converted to the electrical power that is produced the high voltage that uses in the high-tension power line.In these embodiments, optional main electrical network connects 690 and can be used as the local standby electric power that uses when flow is rare.
Fig. 7 schematically shows according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, during road is paved the way energy collecting system is implemented in the new road with concrete foundation.
In this embodiment, after sandy gravel stratum 720 was arranged on the soil 710, concrete foundation 730 had been ready to, arranged that energy producing unit 750 and stube cable 760 thereof are laid on the concrete and asphalt layer 740 thereon more.
This enforcement is the simplest enforcement and with the practice of paving the way of normal road minimum deflection is only arranged.In these embodiments, the structure of stube cable and direction thereof almost have absolute freedom.
Fig. 8 schematically shows according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, during road is paved the way energy collecting system is implemented in the new road that does not have concrete foundation.
In this embodiment, energy producing unit and stube cable are embedded in the pitch.
Fig. 9 schematically shows according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, energy collecting system is implemented in the method in the new road that does not have concrete foundation during road is paved the way.
In this embodiment, after gravel foundation 720 has been ready to, lay first bitumen layer 940.Many row's energy producing units 750 and stube cable 760 thereof are laid on first bitumen layer 940 and lay second bitumen layer 941 thereon.
This is embodied as simple enforcement and only requires to lay layers of asphalt rather than one deck.In this embodiment, the structure of stube cable and direction thereof almost have absolute freedom.
Figure 10 schematically shows the method in the existing road that does not have concrete foundation that energy collecting system is implemented in according to the embodiment of the invention.
In this embodiment, for example use disk cutting ditch 1010 along road.Each ditch is enough deeply with partial penetration bitumen layer 740.This ditch is enough wide to hold energy producing unit 750 and stube cable 760 thereof.Energy producing unit and stube cable thereof are laid on the bottom of ditch, fill up ditch again with pitch 1020 afterwards.
Figure 10 (a) shows each stage of refurbishment process to Figure 10 (d).
Figure 11 schematically shows the method in the existing road with concrete foundation 730 that energy collecting system is implemented in according to the embodiment of the invention.
In this embodiment, for example use disk cutting ditch 1110 along road.Each ditch is enough deeply all to penetrate bitumen layer 740 and to reach layer of concrete 730.This ditch is enough wide to hold energy producing unit 750 and stube cable 760 thereof.Energy producing unit and stube cable thereof are laid on the bottom of ditch against concrete, fill up ditch again with pitch 1120 afterwards.
Figure 11 (a) shows each stage of refurbishment process to Figure 11 (d).
Figure 11 a shows the road before the renovation.
Figure 11 b shows the stage of ditching in the layer of last track.
Figure 11 c shows the stage of putting electricity energy harvester.
Figure 11 d shows the road after ditch is laid again.
Figure 12 a schematically shows the lateral cross-sectional view of combination piezo-electric generator according to a further aspect of the invention.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, combination piezo-electric generator 1200 comprises a plurality of piezo-electric generators 1244 (shown in this figure four, but can use more or less piezo-electric generator).
For example, each piezo-electric generator 1244 can be the box-like piezoelectric transducer 400 of Fig. 4, or the piezo-electric generator of other shape.
Preferably, piezo-electric generator 1244 is placed on the base plate 1232 and with top board 1231 and covers.
Preferably this structure is kept together and preferably between base plate 1232 and top board 1231, apply compressive force at the elastic component at plate 1231 and 1232 ends place such as spring 1211.This compressive force is applied to piezo-electric generator 1244.When automobile or truck above combination piezo-electric generator 1200 or when passing through near it, thereby pressure that causes because of vehicle and vibration are propagated in road and are influenced base plate 1232 and top board 1231 produces time dependent power on piezo-electric generator 1244, and this will produce electrical power.It will be appreciated that structure is that the structure of elastic component 1211 " precompressed " is guaranteed will generate electricity equally at the traction element of vibration period.Therefore, preferably, the power that elastic component 1211 applies can be equivalent to or surpass the maximum of expecting during the vibration period concentrate composite force.
Preferably, piezo-electric generator 1244 is electrically connected to each other and is connected to local energy adjustment unit 1293 through electric conductor 1291 and 1292.Yet alternatively, each piezo-electric generator 1244 can be connected to local energy adjustment unit 1293 separately.Local energy adjustment unit 1293 for example can be a disclosed form among Fig. 2.Pass to the energy utilization of outside through cable 1294 from the energy after the adjusting of local energy adjustment unit 1293.Alternatively, in all or several combinations piezo-electric generator 1200, omit local energy adjustment unit 1293, and carry out energy adjustment in the outside of combination piezo-electric generator.
Preferably, combination piezo-electric generator 1200 about 60cm are long, 4cm is wide and 3cm is high, wherein highly comprises the active piezoelectric material of 2cm and the thickness of base plate 1232 and top board 1231.Yet, can use other size.
Alternatively, whole combination piezo-electric generator 1200 is enclosed in the soft cover of protectiveness and prevents that pitch from entering generator to exempt from during dust and moisture reach in being embedded in road.Additionally or as alternative, combination piezo-electric generator 1200 can be canned with elastomeric material.
Figure 12 b schematically shows the lateral view of combination piezo-electric generator according to a further aspect of the invention.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, combination piezo-electric generator 1200 comprises a plurality of piezo-electric generators 1244.
Preferably, piezo-electric generator 1244 is placed on the base plate 1232 and with top board 1231 and covers.
Elastic component such as spring 1211 this structure is kept together and preferably between base plate 1232 and top board 1231, apply compressive force (in this lateral view, see two, but but also one or more).
Figure 12 c schematically shows the vertical view of combination piezo-electric generator according to a further aspect of the invention.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, combination piezo-electric generator 1200 comprises a plurality of piezo-electric generators 1244.
Preferably, piezo-electric generator 1244 is placed on the base plate 1232 and with top board 1231 and covers (only can see top board at this).
Elastic component such as spring 1211 this structure is kept together and preferably between base plate 1232 and top board 1231, apply compressive force (in this vertical view, see two elastic components in each side, but but also one or more).
Figure 12 d schematically shows the system that uses combination piezo-electric generator collecting energy according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, combination piezo-electric generator 1200 is placed to the energy maximization that makes collection.Make collection energy maximization can by generator 1200 is placed on the wheel that makes by vehicle therein in the heart the maximized position of probability crossed of square tube realize.
In exemplary embodiment of the present invention, generator 1200 is parallel in fact each other with about 30cm at interval along two rows corresponding to same traffic track to be placed.In exemplary embodiment of the present invention, external boundary 1262 about 60cm in the center to center distance track of generator 1200 place.In exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the about 180cm in center of center to center distance first row's generator 1200 of second row's generator 1200 places.It should be noted that between the generator 1200 and also can use other distance.
Figure 12 e schematically shows the system that uses combination piezo-electric generator collecting energy according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
It will be appreciated that and also can use other cloth cable topology, and the invention is not restricted to single-lane road.
Figure 13 schematically shows the inclination of piezo-electric generator according to a further aspect of the invention and places.
According to general aspect of the present invention, piezo-electric generator 1300 can with the 1320 one-tenth angle α in surface of road be embedded in the road surface 740.
Preferably, the angle of slope is in vehicle main direction 1310 that moves above generator 1300.
In another preferred embodiment, energy producing unit is placed on below the airfield runway apron.Although aerodrome traffic is not too frequent, the pressure that the pressure that the passenger plane landing causes causes much larger than automobile.Preferably, energy collecting system is placed on the place, landing region that the pressure on airport is peak value.
Figure 14 schematically shows the elevation of commercial passenger aircraft, shows typical dimensions.
Typically, most of aircraft weights are positioned on two main wheel assemblies 1420.For shown in Boeing-747, the maximum on the front component 1410 (taking off) load is about 17 tons, and is about 60 tons for each assembly in two main wheel assemblies 1420.
According to the type and size of aircraft, the distance variableization between the center of two main wheel assemblies 1420.Typical range is about 11m.
Figure 15 schematically shows the landing point of commercial passenger aircraft, shows wheel construction and typical sizes.
Its landing commercial jet airliner shown in this figure for example Boeing-767 has landing gear usually, comprises front component 1410 that is connected to the fuselage front and two main wheel assemblies 1420 that are connected to the wing pedestal.
Distance between the center of two main wheel assemblies 1420 is about 9.3m.
The paving
Local ground is depended in the selection that is used to build the material of runway.Generally speaking, the big airport for ground condition allows is long-term minimum maintenance, and optimal road surface types is a concrete.Although reinforcement material has been used on some airport in the rigid pavement, it is unnecessary that this is found to be usually, but stride except the expansion joint of runway, and the pin assemblies that wherein allows the concrete flaggy to relatively move is placed in the concrete.Can predict, because unsettled ground condition, the big sedimentation of runway will occur after the several years, and the bituminous concrete surface preferably is installed, because it is periodically repaired easilier.For airport, can use turf surface with very low light aerocraft flow.
The exploitation of pavement design is carried out along many routes.Survey boring to determine the roadbed condition, reach relative bearing capacity, set up different road surface stipulations based on roadbed.Typically, for heavily loaded commercial aircraft, no matter what its top surface is, road surface thickness changes to 4 feet (1m) from 10 inches (25cm), comprises roadbed.
In the past, airport pavement designs by two kinds of methods.First kind of Westergaard method is based on hypothesis: the road surface is the elastic plate that is supported on the heavy-fluid basis with the homogeneous reaction coefficient that is known as the K value.Experiment shows that formula is not useable for having the aircraft of the renewal of very big landing point pressure based on its K value of developing.
Because airport pavement construction cost is too high, carries out each effort so that give the pressure minimum on road surface because of aircraft.Manufacturer's design landing gear of big aircraft makes the weight of aircraft be supported on the bigger and more tire.Should also be noted that the characteristic of landing gear itself, make the adverse effect minimum of road pavement.Yet, in last analysis,, must provide usually on stronger road surface, road surface European and that the U.S. uses if aircraft weight continued to increase by the past like that.Sometimes can be by strengthening the road surface to be used for higher load with suitable bituminous concrete that combines of initial flaggy or Portland cement concrete coating.
Be runway surface exploitation post-tensioned concrete.This allows to use thinner road surface and will cause the longer rigid pavement life-span.Because thinner road surface is to the sensitivity of frost heave, this method only can be used for not having the place of obvious frost effect usually.
Landing airdrome length
Although landing airdrome length may belong to the theoretical aspect of being concerned about, aspect the applicability of airline's operation, the runway of at least 6000 feet (1829m) length is enough to be used in weighing less than the aircraft of about 90718kg usually.Bigger aircraft will need 2438m at least usually under the situation of sea level, then need longer runway on the airport of higher height above sea level.International wide-bodied aircraft also can have 3048m or longer landing requirement and 3962m or the longer requirement of taking off.
Under the situation of sea level, 3048m can be regarded as enough adapting in fact the length of any aircraft.Because atmospheric density reduces when higher height above sea level, any given aircraft will need longer runway when higher height above sea level.Most of commercial aircrafts carry showing at the table of giving the needed adjusting of fixed temperature of manufacturer.
Figure 16 a schematically shows the installation of piezoelectric energy generator (PEG) on runway according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Runway energy collecting system 1150 is installed in the airport with runway 1510.For the purpose of clear, omit cloth cable and energy adjustment and storage unit from this figure.Yet these elements are followed formerly disclosed structure and operational mode among the figure.
At least at the end place near runway, landing mark 1520 is sprayed on the road surface.The pilot is intended to make aircraft to contact to earth in this mark.Usually, take off and near same mark or its, begin.The take-off and landing direction is opposite with wind direction usually, thereby in the position that wind direction changes, the landing mark will be sprayed on the two ends of runway.Yet predominant wind is determined the probability in a wind direction or the landing of another wind direction.On some airports, different runways is used for landing and taking off.
When landing, the pressure on the landing gear is all very high during alighting run.On the contrary, during taking off, aerodynamic lift reduces pressure when air speed increases.
Preferably, PEG is installed in below the big and frequent runway road surface of pressure that the landing gear because of the aircraft of duty runway causes.
In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 16 a, PEG 1540 has been installed, the landing mark in group 1530 starts.Every group of PEG 1530 comprises a plurality of PEG 1540 (see four in the figure, but the quantity of the PEG in a group can change).Each organizes preferred 1 to 6m length.Group 1530 organizes 1535 by the parallel construction setting to form two rows with predetermined distance.In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 16 a, the distance between the group is about 30cm, and the distance between two rows' 1535 the center is determined by the average distance between the main landing gear of the aircraft of duty runway.Usually, group between 1540 distance and group in distance between the PEG with the PEG of higher quantity the time the cost of PEG increase and energy acquisition efficient improve between balance.
In the embodiment shown, PEG is installed in runway and begins the place, up to the expection energy that is reduced to the reduction of being gathered because of aircraft by the pressure that causes make PEG install the usefulness cost when uneconomical till.For example, most of takeoff runways are longer than average take-off distance, thereby PEG installs the place that begins that will be limited to runway.For landing runway, landing and takeoff runway, and the runway at wind direction change location place can similarly consider.At the runway place of wind direction change location, PEG can be installed in the place, two ends or all install in the whole length of runway.
Figure 16 b schematically shows the enforcement of PEG in runway according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 b (i) shows the runway that comprises the layer of concrete 1620 that is laid on the ground 1610 and bitumen layer 1630 disposed thereon.In this embodiment, PEG 1540 preferably is attached to layer of concrete 1620 and covers with pitch.
As alternative, PEG can be installed in layer of concrete 1620 below.
Figure 16 b (ii) shows the runway that comprises the layer of concrete 1620 that is laid on the ground 1610 but do not have bitumen layer.In this embodiment, PEG 1540 can be installed in the layer of concrete 1620.In this embodiment, PEG can be attached to and strengthen concrete reinforcement, if any.As alternative, PEG can be supported by braced structures 1545 in concrete perfusion.
As alternative, PEG can be installed in layer of concrete 1620 below.
Figure 17 schematically shows the box-like piezoelectric transducer 1700 of another preferred embodiment according to the present invention.
Combination box is made by the piezoelectric bar 1720 that is schematically shown combination among the figure by binder resin 1721.Preferably, binder resin is made by pitch-polymer mixture.Preferably, select resin properties to make the average mechanical characteristics of generator 1700 (have the piezoelectric ceramics bar and be installed in wherein matrix) corresponding to the engineering properties requirement on runway road surface.
Although aforementioned rod is shown to have square sectional, also can use cylindrical or other shape.In the embodiment shown, " halma board " structure of selector.Yet, can use different packing structures.
Typical sizes 12.5 * 5cm
2Provide as an example with the 2.5cm height.Also can use other shape and size.In the embodiment shown, 40% volume is taken by piezoelectric bar, yet, also can use other bar-resin ratio.In the embodiment shown, use 125 piezoelectric bars, be arranged to 10 rows, alternately 13 and 12 of every rows, however also can use other bar structure.
Each bar can be made by single structure or multilayer.
In the embodiment shown, all top electrodes of all bars are parallel-connected to top electrodes 1730.Top electrodes 1730 is connected to top electrodes lead 1732 at top contact 1733 places.
Similarly, all bottom electrodes of all bars are parallel-connected to bottom electrode (invisible in the figure).Bottom electrode is connected to bottom electrode lead 1742 at bottom contact 1743 places.Lead 1742 and 1732 is connected to the cable 1750 that leads to energy adjustment and utilize unit (invisible in the figure).
In another preferred embodiment, energy producing unit is positioned at below the train rail.Although the train traffic is not too frequent, the pressure that the pressure that train produces produces much larger than automobile.In addition, the pressure that the train that passes through produces concentrates on rail below and easier collection.
It will be appreciated that of the present invention some be characterized as and in the embodiment that separates, describe for the purpose of clear, but they also can be combined among the single embodiment.On the contrary, the different characteristic of describing in single embodiment for the sake of simplicity also can separately provide or provide with any suitable sub-portfolio.
Although the present invention is described in conjunction with its specific embodiment, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that many alternatives, modifications and variations are apparent.Therefore, the present invention comprises spirit and interior all aforementioned alternatives, the modifications and variations of wide region that drop on claims.All publications, patent and the patent application of mentioning in this manual this by reference complete combination show individually and be combined in this by reference just as each single publication, patent or patent application clearly reach in this manual.In addition, any reference among the application is quoted or is identified should not be construed as and admits that above-mentioned reference is the same with prior art of the present invention and utilize.
Claims (22)
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
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| US2660008P | 2008-02-06 | 2008-02-06 | |
| US61/026,600 | 2008-02-06 | ||
| US12/204,958 | 2008-09-05 | ||
| US12/204,958 US7830071B2 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2008-09-05 | Power harvesting apparatus, system and method |
| US12/353,764 US20090195124A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-01-14 | Energy harvesting from airport runway |
| US12/353,764 | 2009-01-14 | ||
| PCT/IL2009/000075 WO2009098676A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-01-19 | Energy harvesting |
Publications (1)
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| CN102084063A true CN102084063A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
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| EP (1) | EP2252740A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2011511619A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20100125282A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102084063A (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0908816A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2715129C (en) |
| IL (1) | IL207475A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2010008301A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009098676A1 (en) |
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- 2009-01-19 JP JP2010545605A patent/JP2011511619A/en active Pending
- 2009-01-19 KR KR1020107019588A patent/KR20100125282A/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-01-19 CA CA2715129A patent/CA2715129C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-01-19 WO PCT/IL2009/000075 patent/WO2009098676A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-01-19 BR BRPI0908816-4A patent/BRPI0908816A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103959635A (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2014-07-30 | 特雷沃特赛斯公司 | System for generating and distributing energy from piezoelectric materials |
| CN105207523A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-30 | 长安大学 | Generating pavement piezoelectric system and laying method |
| CN108235606A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2018-06-29 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of encapsulating structure of road pressure generator |
| CN108235606B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2020-04-28 | 北京科技大学 | Road pressure generator |
| CN113077636A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-06 | 长安大学 | Traffic sensing device for intelligent road surface and paving method thereof |
| CN113077636B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-08-26 | 长安大学 | Traffic sensing device for intelligent road surface and paving method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0908816A2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
| CA2715129C (en) | 2012-11-27 |
| CA2715129A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| WO2009098676A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| MX2010008301A (en) | 2011-03-04 |
| IL207475A0 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
| KR20100125282A (en) | 2010-11-30 |
| JP2011511619A (en) | 2011-04-07 |
| EP2252740A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
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