CN102182918B - Natural gas adsorption storage device for natural gas automobiles - Google Patents
Natural gas adsorption storage device for natural gas automobiles Download PDFInfo
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- CN102182918B CN102182918B CN2011100709480A CN201110070948A CN102182918B CN 102182918 B CN102182918 B CN 102182918B CN 2011100709480 A CN2011100709480 A CN 2011100709480A CN 201110070948 A CN201110070948 A CN 201110070948A CN 102182918 B CN102182918 B CN 102182918B
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于天然气汽车的天然气吸附储存装置，包括放气加热解吸系统和充气冷却吸附系统；所述放气加热解吸系统包括高温蒸发器、天然气吸附储存箱、冷凝器、储液器和循环泵；所述充气冷却吸附系统包括制冷压缩机、冷凝器、储液器、热力膨胀阀和天然气吸附储存箱；所述热力膨胀阀的感温包安装在天然气吸附储存箱的吸附层内；所述放气加热解吸系统和充气冷却吸附系统共用冷凝器和储液器。所述高温蒸发器采用对流换热的方式由汽车尾气加热。本发明解决了吸附-解吸过程的放热和吸热所引起的吸附剂床层的温升和温降对吸附储存容量和解吸释放容量影响的问题，使吸附和解吸过程一直处于等温条件进行，吸附剂的性能得以最大限度的发挥。
The invention discloses a natural gas adsorption and storage device for natural gas vehicles, comprising a deflation heating and desorption system and an air charging cooling adsorption system; the deflation heating and desorption system includes a high temperature evaporator, a natural gas adsorption storage box, a condenser, a liquid storage device and circulation pump; the air-filled cooling adsorption system includes a refrigeration compressor, a condenser, a liquid receiver, a thermal expansion valve, and a natural gas adsorption storage tank; the temperature sensing package of the thermal expansion valve is installed on the adsorption layer of the natural gas adsorption storage tank Inside; the degassing heating and desorption system and the charging and cooling adsorption system share a condenser and a liquid reservoir. The high-temperature evaporator is heated by the exhaust gas of the automobile in the way of convective heat exchange. The invention solves the problem that the temperature rise and drop of the adsorbent bed layer caused by the heat release and heat absorption in the adsorption-desorption process affects the adsorption storage capacity and desorption release capacity, so that the adsorption and desorption process is always carried out under isothermal conditions, The performance of the adsorbent can be maximized.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及天然气汽车的储气技术，特别是一种用于天然气汽车的天然气吸附储存装置。The invention relates to a gas storage technology for natural gas vehicles, in particular to a natural gas adsorption storage device for natural gas vehicles.
背景技术 Background technique
随着世界石油资源的日益短缺，天然气以其热值高、污染排放少等优点越来越受到人们的青睐，是一种相对丰富和清洁的汽车替代燃料。与汽油相比较，天然气作为汽车燃料的主要问题是其体积能量密度低。如何安全、经济、有效地提高天然气的随车储存能量密度是发展天然气汽车的关键。目前天然气可用液化、压缩和吸附三种方式来储存。液化天然气法需低温深冷，不仅能耗高，而且在储存过程中的维护保养也较为困难；压缩天然气法需能够承受20MPa以上且自重较大的储气瓶和建设高压充气站，投资费用高。吸附天然气法因其储存压力较低(3.5-6MPa)，对储气和充气设备耐压性能要求不高，投资费用低，使用安全性好，日常维护方便，且可根据车型对储气设备进行合理的结构设计，布局合理，在天然气汽车行业越来越受到重视。但是由于吸附剂导热系数非常低，吸附-解吸过程的放热和吸热所引起的吸附剂床层的温升和温降对吸附储存容量和解吸释放容量有着明显的影响。大量实验研究表明：在充气过程中，活性炭吸附剂的温升为74-87℃时，较等温吸附充气的储存容量降低了45％-48％；吸附剂温升为55℃时，可使吸附容积减少20％。而解吸放气过程中，由于解吸引起的温降，使吸附剂在还有8％-18％的吸附余量时就停止解吸。这使得吸附法储存天然气的体积能量密度大大降低。With the increasing shortage of oil resources in the world, natural gas is becoming more and more popular due to its advantages of high calorific value and low pollution emission. It is a relatively abundant and clean alternative fuel for vehicles. Compared with gasoline, the main problem of natural gas as a vehicle fuel is its low volumetric energy density. How to safely, economically and effectively increase the energy density of natural gas on-board storage is the key to the development of natural gas vehicles. At present, natural gas can be stored in three ways: liquefaction, compression and adsorption. The liquefied natural gas method requires low-temperature cryogenics, which not only consumes high energy, but also is difficult to maintain during the storage process; the compressed natural gas method requires a gas storage cylinder that can withstand more than 20MPa and a large dead weight and the construction of a high-pressure gas filling station, which requires high investment costs . Due to the low storage pressure (3.5-6MPa), the adsorption natural gas method does not require high pressure resistance performance of gas storage and inflation equipment, low investment cost, good use safety, convenient daily maintenance, and the gas storage equipment can be adjusted according to the vehicle model. Reasonable structural design and reasonable layout are getting more and more attention in the natural gas vehicle industry. However, due to the very low thermal conductivity of the adsorbent, the temperature rise and drop of the adsorbent bed caused by the heat release and heat absorption in the adsorption-desorption process has a significant impact on the adsorption storage capacity and desorption release capacity. A large number of experimental studies have shown that: during the aeration process, when the temperature rise of the activated carbon adsorbent is 74-87°C, the storage capacity of the activated carbon adsorbent is reduced by 45%-48% compared with the isothermal adsorption aeration; when the temperature rise of the adsorbent is 55°C, the adsorption 20% reduction in volume. In the process of desorption and degassing, due to the temperature drop caused by desorption, the adsorbent stops desorption when there is still 8%-18% of the adsorption margin. This greatly reduces the volumetric energy density of natural gas stored by adsorption.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明要设计一种可以解决天然气汽车采用吸附法储存天然气引起的吸附热问题的用于天然气汽车的天然气吸附储存装置。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention is to design a natural gas adsorption storage device for natural gas vehicles that can solve the problem of adsorption heat caused by natural gas vehicles using the adsorption method to store natural gas.
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：一种用于天然气汽车的天然气吸附储存装置，包括放气加热解吸系统和充气冷却吸附系统；所述的放气加热解吸系统包括高温蒸发器、天然气吸附储存箱、冷凝器、储液器和循环泵，所述的高温蒸发器通过管路依次与电磁阀A、天然气吸附储存箱、电磁阀B、冷凝器、储液器、循环泵和电磁阀C连接，形成放气加热解吸回路；所述的天然气吸附储存箱中填充适量的吸附剂；所述的充气冷却吸附系统包括制冷压缩机、冷凝器、储液器、热力膨胀阀和天然气吸附储存箱，所述的制冷压缩机通过管路依次与电磁阀E，冷凝器、储液器、电磁阀F、热力膨胀阀、天然气吸附储存箱、电磁阀D连接，形成充气冷却吸附回路；所述的热力膨胀阀的感温包安装在天然气吸附储存箱的吸附层内；所述的放气加热解吸系统和充气冷却吸附系统共用冷凝器和储液器。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a natural gas adsorption and storage device for natural gas vehicles, including a deflation heating and desorption system and an air charging cooling adsorption system; the deflation heating and desorption system includes a high temperature evaporator, a natural gas Adsorption storage tank, condenser, liquid receiver and circulation pump, the high-temperature evaporator is sequentially connected with solenoid valve A, natural gas adsorption storage tank, solenoid valve B, condenser, liquid storage, circulation pump and solenoid valve through pipelines C is connected to form a degassing heating desorption circuit; the natural gas adsorption storage tank is filled with an appropriate amount of adsorbent; the air-filled cooling adsorption system includes a refrigeration compressor, a condenser, a liquid receiver, a thermal expansion valve and a natural gas adsorption storage box, the refrigerating compressor is sequentially connected with solenoid valve E, condenser, liquid receiver, solenoid valve F, thermal expansion valve, natural gas adsorption storage tank, and solenoid valve D through pipelines to form an air-filled cooling adsorption loop; The temperature-sensing package of the thermal expansion valve is installed in the adsorption layer of the natural gas adsorption storage tank; the deflated heating and desorption system and the charging and cooling adsorption system share a condenser and a liquid receiver.
本发明所述的制冷压缩机为汽车自身空调系统的制冷压缩机。The refrigerating compressor of the present invention is a refrigerating compressor of an automobile's own air-conditioning system.
本发明所述的高温蒸发器采用对流换热的方式由汽车尾气加热。The high-temperature evaporator of the present invention is heated by automobile exhaust in a convective heat exchange manner.
本发明所述的冷凝器为风冷式冷凝器。The condenser described in the present invention is an air-cooled condenser.
本发明所述的放气加热解吸系统的加热工质和充气冷却吸附系统的制冷工质是同一种工质。The heating working fluid of the degassing heating and desorption system of the present invention and the cooling working fluid of the air-filled cooling and adsorption system are the same working fluid.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、由于本发明采用了放气加热解吸系统和充气冷却吸附系统，解决了吸附-解吸过程的放热和吸热所引起的吸附剂床层的温升和温降对吸附储存容量和解吸释放容量影响的问题，使吸附和解吸过程一直处于等温条件进行，吸附剂的性能得以最大限度的发挥。1. Since the present invention adopts the degassing heating and desorption system and the air-filled cooling adsorption system, the temperature rise and temperature drop of the adsorbent bed caused by the heat release and heat absorption in the adsorption-desorption process have no effect on the adsorption storage capacity and desorption release. Due to the problem of capacity influence, the adsorption and desorption process has been carried out under isothermal conditions, and the performance of the adsorbent can be maximized.
2、本发明的放气加热解吸系统采用汽车尾气作为热源，充分利用了汽车尾气的余热。2. The degassing heating and desorption system of the present invention uses automobile exhaust as a heat source, and makes full use of the waste heat of automobile exhaust.
附图说明 Description of drawings
本发明仅有附图1张，其中：The present invention has only one accompanying drawing, wherein:
图1是用于天然气汽车低压吸附储存的新设计示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the new design for low-pressure adsorption storage of natural gas vehicles.
图中：1、高温蒸发器，2、电磁阀A，3、天然气吸附储存箱，4、电磁阀B，5、冷凝器，6、储液器，7、循环泵，8、电磁阀C，9、制冷压缩机，10、电磁阀E，11、电磁阀F，12、热力膨胀阀，13、电磁阀D，14、天然气进出口阀。In the figure: 1. High temperature evaporator, 2. Solenoid valve A, 3. Natural gas adsorption storage tank, 4. Solenoid valve B, 5. Condenser, 6. Liquid receiver, 7. Circulation pump, 8. Solenoid valve C, 9. Refrigeration compressor, 10. Solenoid valve E, 11. Solenoid valve F, 12. Thermal expansion valve, 13. Solenoid valve D, 14. Natural gas import and export valve.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步地说明。如图1所示，一种用于天然气汽车的天然气吸附储存装置，包括放气加热解吸系统和充气冷却吸附系统；所述的放气加热解吸系统包括高温蒸发器1、天然气吸附储存箱3、冷凝器5、储液器6和循环泵7，所述的高温蒸发器1通过管路依次与电磁阀A2、天然气吸附储存箱3、电磁阀B4、冷凝器5、储液器6、循环泵7和电磁阀C8连接，形成放气加热解吸回路；所述的天然气吸附储存箱3中填充适量的吸附剂；所述的充气冷却吸附系统包括制冷压缩机9、冷凝器5、储液器6、热力膨胀阀12和天然气吸附储存箱3，所述的制冷压缩机9通过管路依次与电磁阀E10，冷凝器5、储液器6、电磁阀F11、热力膨胀阀12、天然气吸附储存箱3、电磁阀D13连接，形成充气冷却吸附回路；所述的热力膨胀阀12的感温包安装在天然气吸附储存箱3的吸附层内；所述的放气加热解吸系统和充气冷却吸附系统共用冷凝器5和储液器6。所述的制冷压缩机9为汽车自身空调系统的制冷压缩机9。所述的高温蒸发器1采用对流换热的方式由汽车尾气加热。所述的冷凝器5为风冷式冷凝器5。所述的放气加热解吸系统的加热工质和充气冷却吸附系统的制冷工质是同一种工质。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing. As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of natural gas adsorption storage device for natural gas vehicle comprises a deflation heating and desorption system and an air charging cooling adsorption system; the deflation heating and desorption system includes a high temperature evaporator 1, a natural gas adsorption storage tank 3, Condenser 5, liquid storage 6 and circulation pump 7, described high-temperature evaporator 1 is connected with solenoid valve A2, natural gas adsorption storage tank 3, solenoid valve B4, condenser 5, liquid storage 6, circulation pump sequentially through the pipeline 7 is connected with the solenoid valve C8 to form a degassing heating desorption loop; the natural gas adsorption storage tank 3 is filled with an appropriate amount of adsorbent; the air-filled cooling adsorption system includes a refrigeration compressor 9, a condenser 5, and a liquid receiver 6 ,
本发明的工作过程如下：当需要放气加热解吸时，由汽车尾气对高温蒸发，1进行加热，当加热到指定温度时，电磁阀A2、电磁阀B4、电磁阀C8同时开启，电磁阀D13、电磁阀E10、电磁阀F11均处于关闭状态。高温蒸汽经电磁阀A通过管路进入到天然气吸附储存箱3中对吸附剂进行加热，使放气解吸过程处于高等温解吸状态，解吸出的天然气经天然气进出口阀14排出。高温蒸汽对吸附剂加热后经电磁阀B4进入冷凝器5中冷凝，冷凝后的液体进入储液器6中，再由循环泵7输送回高温蒸发器1中。当需要充气冷却吸附时，启动制冷压缩机9，同时开启电磁阀D13、电磁阀E10、电磁阀F11，电磁阀A2、电磁阀B4、电磁阀C8均处于关闭状态。制冷工质由储液器6经电磁阀F11和热力膨胀阀12进入天然气吸附储存箱3中对吸附剂进行冷却，使充气吸附过程处于低等温吸附状态。通过控制加热解吸和冷却吸附的温度使吸附剂的吸附性能处于最大值。The working process of the present invention is as follows: when degassing is required for heating and desorption, the exhaust gas of the automobile is used to evaporate the high temperature, and 1 is heated. When heating to the specified temperature, the electromagnetic valve A2, the electromagnetic valve B4, and the electromagnetic valve C8 are opened simultaneously, and the electromagnetic valve D13 , electromagnetic valve E10, and electromagnetic valve F11 are all in the closed state. The high-temperature steam enters the natural gas adsorption storage tank 3 through the solenoid valve A through the pipeline to heat the adsorbent, so that the degassing and desorption process is in a high isothermal desorption state, and the desorbed natural gas is discharged through the natural gas inlet and
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| CN102840443A (en) * | 2012-09-15 | 2012-12-26 | 徐毅 | Transporting and use method for absorbing coal bed gas with coal serving as medium |
| US20140290611A1 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Natural gas storage system and method of improving efficiency thereof |
| CN105570672A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-11 | 重庆市高新技术产业开发区潞翔能源技术有限公司 | Natural gas adsorption tank heat exchange system |
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| CN1566741A (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2005-01-19 | 杨晓东 | Novel design of natural gas adsorption storage system for automobile fuel |
| CN101061014A (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2007-10-24 | 株式会社丰田自动织机 | Hydrogen tank cooling device and cooling method for hydrogen fuel automobile, and hydrogen fuel automobile |
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