CN102331719B - Method for controlling dynamic derating of hybrid electric vehicle based on thermal model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling dynamic derating of a hybrid electric vehicle based on a thermal model. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing an entire vehicle motion model and an electric driving power model; and establishing a thermal model which is partitioned into three levels, wherein a first level is used for measuring the temperature rise of each part based on a 3D (three-dimensional) part thermal model; a second level is an electric driving level thermal model which is used for establishing a thermal resistance network system model of each part by using the analysis result of the first level and adopting a simplifying method of a thermal node, and constituting an electric driving system thermal model by establishing a system thermal model of a motor, a battery and a controller; and a third level thermal model is an entire vehicle grade thermal model in which an environmental model for the working of an electric driving part and a cooling system model for the electric driving system and an entire vehicle interface are added on the basis of an electric driving subsystem thermal model. Due to the adoption of the method, temperature variation can be calculated specific to different working conditions of a certain specified vehicle type, and the temperature value obtained by calculating can be compared with a value acquired by using a sensor to predict the variation of the temperature at a next moment.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of algorithm of the dynamic derate control strategy based on thermal model, is particularly useful for hybrid vehicle.
Background technology
The temperature rise of motor, battery and controller variation has proposed new challenge to control strategy in hybrid vehicle system, so that the control strategy of hybrid vehicle is more complicated than orthodox car.Control strategy affects the temperature rise of motor, battery and controller, and temperature rise affects the life-span of motor, battery and controller, and the requirement in life-span affects again control strategy conversely; Therefore from the angle of system, be conflict between this three of control strategy, life requirements and fuel economy, it is again dynamic coupled relation, if want the elongated component life-span, the motor output torque will be restricted, the output torque that engine distributes will increase, and this has affected the power drive system performance, and then can affect fuel economy.At present the existing strategy of subduing has only been considered bad working environments, is a fixed policy, can not dynamically adjust with Real-road Driving Cycle and various parts temperature variation.
The existing strategy of subduing of hybrid vehicle is to set by rule of thumb a temperature threshold, when somewhere temperature sensor read value rises to threshold value in the motor controller, namely enters reduction mode; Temperature drops under the threshold value, then withdraws from reduction mode.This fixed policy has following defective:
1. do not consider the transient state of temperature variation, because the existence of thermal capacitance, sensor can only monitor current temperature, can not judge the temperature variation of next time, this can cause actual temperature to be higher than the threshold temperature of setting, affects the life-span of motor, battery and controller.
2. current to subdue in the strategy distribution of temperature monitoring point limited, focuses on other temperature of parts level, do not consider the heat distribution of whole system.The thermal model of system comprises car load level, electric driving stage and parts level, close ties is arranged between at different levels, not only can carry out monitoring and prediction to the temperature of Full Vehicle System after introducing thermal model, and can manage the temperature value that diverse location collects etc.
3. some parts can't mounting temperature sensor, if without corresponding with it thermal model, then can't judge and predict the temperature of these parts, affects and subdues control accuracy.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of hybrid vehicle based on thermal model and dynamically subdues control method, they can be for the different operating modes of a certain specific vehicle, accounting temperature changes, and can compare the numerical value that the Temperature numerical that calculates and sensor collect, next variation is constantly predicted to temperature, simultaneously according to these temperature variation, in conjunction with the life curve of parts, formulate and dynamically subdue strategy, the output torque of dynamic assignment motor and engine.
In order to solve above technical matters, the invention provides the dynamic derate control method of a kind of hybrid vehicle based on thermal model; Comprise: set up car load motion model, electricity driving dynamic model; Set up thermal model, be divided into three levels: the first level is based on the parts thermal model of 3D, the temperature rise of measuring each parts; The second level is the thermal model that electricity drives level, utilize the analysis result of the first level, adopt the short-cut method of thermal center point, set up the thermal resistance network system model of each parts, by the foundation to system's thermal model of motor, battery and controller, consist of the power drive system thermal model; The thermal model of tri-layer is the thermal model of car load level, and it is on the basis of electric driver sub-system thermal model, adds the environmental model that electricity drives parts work, the cooling system model of power drive system and car load interface.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: can be for the different operating modes of a certain specific vehicle, pass through high-tension battery, the thermal model of motor and controller, accounting temperature changes, and can compare the numerical value that the Temperature numerical that calculates and sensor collect, and the variation in next moment of temperature is predicted, simultaneously according to these temperature variation, in conjunction with the life curve of parts, formulate and dynamically subdue strategy, the output torque of dynamic assignment motor and engine.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 dynamically subdues the control strategy schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the power drive system realistic model;
Fig. 3 is the hot simulated effect figure of parts;
Fig. 4 is car load thermal model schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is battery thermal model subsystem;
Fig. 6 is IGBT device temperature---life curve.
Embodiment
The innovative point of this patent is exactly by introducing thermal model the life-span of motor, battery, controller and electric driveability and fuel economy to be coupled together, and the control strategy algorithm is subdued in formation dynamically.
Based on thermal model, drive (E-drive) dynamic model in conjunction with car load motion model and electricity, can realize dynamically subduing strategy according to Real-road Driving Cycle, thereby between part life and electric driveability, find equilibrium point, realize optimum control.Than the existing strategy of subduing, guaranteeing to improve performance and the fuel economy of car load under the parts prerequisite in serviceable life.
Hybrid vehicle based on thermal model of the present invention is dynamically subdued the control strategy algorithm, can be for the different operating modes of a certain specific vehicle, pass through high-tension battery, the thermal model of motor and controller, accounting temperature changes, and can compare the numerical value that the Temperature numerical that calculates and sensor collect, next variation is constantly predicted to temperature, simultaneously according to these temperature variation, life curve in conjunction with parts, formulate and dynamically subdue strategy, the output torque of dynamic assignment motor and engine.
The present invention has set up three layers of hot realistic model: car load layer, electricity drive layer and parts layer.Include car load motion model and electricity driving dynamic model in whole system simultaneously.
For a certain specific blend power vehicle, under a certain driving cycle, by analyzing driver's torque demand, obtain each data such as the speed of a motor vehicle, acceleration and brake constantly, in the input car load motion model, analyze the separately required output torque that provides of engine and motor is provided.It as input, is entered electricity driving dynamical simulation model and analyze, obtain the working point of high-tension battery, motor controller.With the input of these data as battery, motor and controller and other thermal model, calculate the temperature rise of these thermal models under the working environment that changes again, the Dynamic Thermal that the electricity of deriving thus drives layer and car load layer distributes.
If part parts or electric drive environment temperature simulation result are too high, affect parts serviceable life, then power drive system enters dynamic reduction mode, and information sent to entire car controller (VCU), reduce the motor output torque, increase simultaneously engine output torque, to guarantee vehicle performance; If it is normal that the localized heat environment recovers, then withdraw from dynamic reduction mode, and information is sent to entire car controller (VCU), increase motor output torque ratio, reduce simultaneously engine output torque, to improve the car load rate of economizing gasoline.
If the change hybrid electric vehicle then needs to change corresponding parameter, set up corresponding car load motion model and carry out emulation; If the hybrid power topological structure that adopts is different, then need to change corresponding parameter, set up the corresponding electric dynamic model that drives and carry out emulation; If the change driving cycle can obtain (such as road conditions such as city, suburb, mountain regions) under the different road conditions by emulation, hybrid vehicle dynamically subdue strategy.
The present invention can instruct each parts type selecting of hybrid vehicle and assessment in serviceable life, and optimizes integrated vehicle control tactics, improves the fuel economy of vehicle and the power performance of car load.Model among the present invention is changed a little, also can be carried out Temperature Failure pattern analysis and risk assessment to key components and partss such as IGBT, DC-link, DC/DC transducer, cooling water channels.
As shown in Figure 1, method of the present invention is for dynamically subduing control strategy.Be divided into as car load, electricity drive and three levels of parts, comprise that car load motion model, electricity drive dynamic model and system's thermal model, wherein system's thermal model is divided into again car load, electricity drives and three levels of parts.
The car load Motion Controlling Model is set up by Matlab software.In the parameter input models such as driving cycle and unloaded WT, engine displacement, coefficient of air resistance, front face area, tire radius, resistance to rolling, ratio of gear, gearing efficient, vehicle wheel rotation inertia, can analyze and draw in the driving process each constantly required output torque.Be that engine and motor distribute output torque separately according to control strategy.This parameter input electricity is driven in the dynamic model.
Electricity drives dynamic model and is set up by Portunus software, mainly comprises high-tension battery, motor, electric machine controller and cooling system, as shown in Figure 2.Wherein, the main parts size of electric machine controller has inverter, cooled plate and DC/DC transducer.In the driving process that the car load simulation analysis is obtained each motor demand torque and speed of a motor vehicle input electricity drive dynamic model constantly, obtain each constantly working point of parts, such as high-tension battery output power, motor output torque, power, rotating speed, electric current, controller output current etc.In these parameter input parts thermal models.
Thermal model is divided into three levels:
The first level is based on the parts thermal model of 3D, by the hot simulation software foundation of 3D, and such as Ansys, CFD tool software etc., as shown in Figure 3.Hot simulation analysis by the first level not only can obtain the temperature rise of parts under bad working environments, such as: can obtain key components and parts such as battery unit, rotor permanent magnetic steel, stator winding, controller IGBT, DC-link electric capacity and bus etc. and locate separately temperature rise.Simultaneously, the heat transfer relation of also can combing knowing each parts inside.
The second level is the thermal model that electricity drives level, utilizes the analysis result of the first level, adopts the short-cut method of thermal center point, sets up the thermal resistance network system model of each parts.By the foundation to system's thermal model of motor, battery and controller, consist of the power drive system thermal model, as shown in Figure 4.Utilize these thermal models just can carry out dynamic temperature computation and prediction to each parts.
The thermal model of tri-layer is the thermal model of car load level, it is on the basis of electric driver sub-system thermal model, the environmental model that adds the work of electricity driving parts, the cooling system model of power drive system and car load interface, A/C model for example, heat-exchanger model, evaporator model, fan model etc.
Electricity drives the moment of torsion of dynamic model output, rotating speed and current signal enter electrically driven (operated) system thermal model, the power drive system model at first changes into power consumption output to these signals by the power consumption submodel, enter each kernel component (motor, battery and controller) the thermal resistance network model, calculate the temperature rise of each parts, simultaneously electrically driven (operated) system thermal model again with environmental model and the cooling system submodel Dynamic Coupling of whole vehicle model, so not only can obtain the actual dynamic temperature of each parts changes, can also obtain the temperature variation of the cooling system of Full Vehicle System, utilize temperature rise and the life curve of parts, as shown in Figure 5, can predict the serviceable life of each parts.In addition, change the power input of vehicle, can obtain the high workload point duration of each parts, as shown in Figure 6.On this basis, subdue strategy, the output torque of dynamic assignment engine and motor for the Electric Propulsion System on Hybrid Electric Vehicles formulation.If each level environment temperature is too high, part life is exerted an influence, then reduce in real time the motor output torque, demand torque is mainly provided by engine.Each parts after subduing are carried out hot emulation again, if each level environment temperature all is down in the zone of reasonableness, then suitably improve output power of motor and moment of torsion in next period, allow the engine most of the time be operated in efficient district, to save oil consumption.So circulation is until driving cycle finishes.
The emulation case: hybrid vehicle in the process of moving, run into 200 meters long distances 10% climbing operating mode, by car load level Kinematics Simulation, obtain the demand torque under this operating mode, this moment, engine and motor were exported simultaneously than high pulling torque, and substitution electricity driving stage kinetic model can obtain output power of motor, rotating speed, the output power of PEU, output current etc.This moment, semiconductor power electron device IGBT etc. located to have larger temperature rise, and caused the variation of whole power drive system thermal environment.By heat and the life model emulation to these devices, analyze the impact on its life-span.In ensuing straight operating mode, change control strategy, motor is carried out dynamic derate control, reduce output power and moment of torsion, the demand torque major part is born by engine, so that parts and power drive system temperature fall after rise to zone of reasonableness, can suitably increase the ratio of output power of motor and moment of torsion, reduce the engine output torque ratio, to improve the car load rate of economizing gasoline.
All leave interface between each model and the simulation software, be convenient to carry out associative simulation.Simulation result needs to verify by actual condition.Dynamically subdue strategy and also need in experiment, revise, to reach under the prerequisite that does not affect the parts normal service life, improve the ratio of motor output torque as far as possible, improve the purpose of Fuel Economy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles.
The present invention is not limited to embodiment discussed above.More than the description of embodiment is intended in order to describe and illustrate the technical scheme that the present invention relates to.Based on the apparent conversion of the present invention enlightenment or substitute and also should be considered to fall into protection scope of the present invention.Above embodiment is used for disclosing best implementation method of the present invention, so that those of ordinary skill in the art can use numerous embodiments of the present invention and multiple alternative reaches purpose of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. dynamic derate control method of the hybrid vehicle based on thermal model; It is characterized in that, comprising:
Set up car load motion model, electricity driving dynamic model;
Set up thermal model, be divided into three levels:
The first level is based on the parts thermal model of 3D, the temperature rise of measuring each parts;
The second level is the thermal model that electricity drives level, utilize the analysis result of the first level, adopt the short-cut method of thermal center point, set up the thermal resistance network system model of each parts, by the foundation to system's thermal model of motor, battery and controller, consist of the power drive system thermal model;
The thermal model of tri-layer is the thermal model of car load level, and it is on the basis of electric driver sub-system thermal model, adds the environmental model that electricity drives parts work, the cooling system model of power drive system and car load interface;
Different operating modes for a certain specific vehicle, pass through high-tension battery, the thermal model of motor and controller, accounting temperature changes, and the numerical value that the Temperature numerical that calculates and sensor collect is compared, and the variation in next moment of temperature is predicted, simultaneously according to these temperature variation, in conjunction with the life curve of parts, formulate and dynamically subdue strategy, the output torque of dynamic assignment motor and engine.
2. the dynamic derate control method of the hybrid vehicle based on thermal model as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described car load Motion Controlling Model comprises driving cycle and unloaded WT, engine displacement, coefficient of air resistance, front face area, tire radius, resistance to rolling, ratio of gear, gearing efficient, vehicle wheel rotation inertia.
3. the dynamic derate control method of the hybrid vehicle based on thermal model as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described electricity drives dynamic model and comprises high-tension battery, motor, electric machine controller and cooling system.
4. the dynamic derate control method of the hybrid vehicle based on thermal model as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described the first level is measured battery unit, rotor permanent magnetic steel, stator winding, controller IGBT, DC-link electric capacity and the temperature rise separately of bus place.
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| CN109975711A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | 宝沃汽车（中国）有限公司 | Battery failure detection method and device |
| CN108074466B (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2020-02-04 | 北京车和家信息技术有限公司 | Simulation method of new energy vehicle thermal management system |
| CN108875255B (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2022-08-16 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Permanent magnet driving motor temperature rise analysis method based on actual running condition of electric automobile |
| CN109344557B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-06-15 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method and system for analyzing thermal performance of automobile |
| CN112836291A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-25 | 北京理工大学 | Calculation and Distribution Method of Flow Balance and Lubrication in Multi-hydraulic System of Integrated Transmission |
| CN112865668B (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2023-03-03 | 联合汽车电子有限公司 | Bridge temperature online calculation and bridge control method and system |
| CN113792460B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2024-05-03 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional thermal simulation method of new energy electric drive system |
| CN114564850B (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-08-02 | 成都复锦功率半导体技术发展有限公司 | A method, system and terminal for electrothermal co-simulation of power electronic system |
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| US6861820B2 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2005-03-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Control strategy for an electric motor using real time predictions of motor capability based on thermal modeling and measurements |
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