CN102373811A - Construction guide rule of village houses applicable to arid areas with less rainfall and more blown sand - Google Patents
Construction guide rule of village houses applicable to arid areas with less rainfall and more blown sand Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of planning and construction of houses in a new village and provides a construction guide rule of village houses applicable to arid areas with less rainfall and more blown sand. The construction guide rule comprises classification of houses in a range of building the houses in the areas, specific formation of each type of the houses, and a mutual configuration relation among the houses. The construction guide rule is characterized in that: each house comprises two areas including a living area and a chore area; a traffic area is used as a house road; the living area comprises housings and drying fields; the chore area comprises an auxiliary housing and a leisure plantation; and the houses are divided into A type houses, B type houses and C type houses which respectively have two varied types and the housings are divided into D room-type housings and E room-type housings which respectively have three varied types. According to the construction guide rule provided by the invention, the new village construction is guided to be rationally and sequentially developed and the construction scale of the new village in a certain period is determined; a scheme for planning and constructing the new village is determined according to a combination principle; the construction guide rule is beneficial to controlling and guiding the new village construction for a long time and unifies elastic implementation and a rigid principle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to house planning of new rural area and construction field, relate in particular to the formation of new rural area, arid windy and dusty area short of rain house and the collocation method between house, area, for example suitable China South Sinkiang residents'living habit instructs the house construction of new rural area, this area.
Background technology
In October, 2005, " the national economy and social development 11th Five-Year Plan " passed through in the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of party, pointed out " building a New Socialist Countryside is the great historic task in China's modernization ".Building a New Socialist Countryside be get into the new stage of developing rural areas through urban development of promoting agriculture through industry in the macroeconomy development of the critical period of building a well-off society in an all-round way, China, people-oriented and the theory of building a harmonious society is rooted in the hearts of the people under the new situation; The very important decision that central authorities propose is the important behave that realizes that town and country are planned as a whole.In recent years, new countryside construction just more and more receives the attention of the Party Central Committee and local governments at all levels, and is in all parts of the country also at the new countryside construction of trying to explore to meet its own geographical characteristic.How improving the town and country human settlement through new countryside construction, the adjustment town and country industrial structure improves economic development, realizes the harmonious development in " city-rural area ", is the key subjects that new countryside construction faces.
The rural area house is the main body and main research object of new countryside construction, and the rural area house also is the place of its life and work not only concerning peasant's inhabitation, and peasant's endowment guarantee, so the design of rural area house especially is the most important thing of new countryside construction.How guaranteeing that the rural area house can satisfy the demand of peasant's modern life and work, embody regional culture features simultaneously, is the key point of new countryside construction.
Build guide rule and come from the san francisco, usa Urban Design Practice the earliest, it is that the urban design conception is expressed with the form abstract of literal clause.The purpose of formulate building guide rule is the enforcement that ensures the urban design content, and as the management of long-term foundation of urban construction.In concrete planning and designing process, guide rule is the concrete technical operation means that realize design object, is used for dynamically instructing effective enforcement of design philosophy.The practice of domestic related city design guide rule was had a surplus in existing 20 years, and the design guide rule is being brought into play more and more important effect aspect the urban pattern moulding, and has especially brought into play increasing effect at construction field.The strong instrument that guide rule is implemented as planning and designing is significant for the construction of instructing new rural area.For the rural area house of areal, guide rule can play the effect of drawing inferences about other cases from one instance, and avoids repeating in a short time establishment planning.Because guide rule is that design considerations is carried out framework control, therefore has stronger universality for the new countryside construction in the scope of specific region.
The domestic new countryside construction guide rule of carrying out mainly can be divided into two big types at present.The new country planning establishment " article " that the first kind is is characteristic to formulate new country planning guide; Mainly be still unsound to the technical standard standard system of China's Village-town Planning; The professional technique talent of Village Planning comparatively is short of and is the breach, in the hope of the reference of having a mind to is provided for the new country planning construction of the new period.Planning guidance is started with from aspects such as the data preparation of new country planning, new rural area Village Planning, architectural composition, infrastructure construction, pre-disaster planning, vertical planning, land use for greening planning, environmental protection plans, proposes requirement, planning principles, the object of planning, the designing requirement of planning establishment and plans content.This type of planning guidance biases toward from planning system sets about, and focuses on the general Village Planning of standard and programs and program results.This type of but " planning guidance " difficult planning construction in new rural area that directly instructs is movable, especially partly considers less for planning implementation.Second type then is to be the village " design " of characteristic to work out single concrete new country planning; This type of guide rule is an object with single village; Layout from new country planning plane figure, traffic programme, each item communal facility and infrastructure; And aspect such as house construction starts with, and gives the planning construction scheme in the rural area that makes new advances.The essence of this type of scheme is the planning plane figure scheme that provides the blueprint formula of a Future Time point, and corresponding building method is a clause of confirming principle according to plane figure.Design of this type village and construction guide rule are directed against single new countryside construction activity and carry out, and aspect universality, are short of to some extent, difficult popularization.In sum, the problem of subject of the new countryside construction guide rule of present domestic establishment existence is:
1. the planning construction of the existing new rural area house planning construction lack of uniform aspect house and house of China instructs; (some area is the leading development & construction of government under the uncertain situation of main body building; Some area then is that farmers'independent builds a house), cause because of the unordered of building method easily and complicatedly cause building the construction aspect and have potential safety hazard.And the architectural scene in new rural area and community's view are difficult unified, form rambling new Rural Landscape easily.
2. planning and designing with construct and implement disconnection; The most values of new country planning establishment from planner self; Continue to use city house Design Mode, do not consider the demand that the local resident lives and works the space is used, therefore; Program results usually appears by hack, or the awkward situation that is difficult to implement.Even in some area; New countryside construction can be implemented by planning fully, but owing to do not consider peasant's work and habits and customs, and local customs; Thereby cause that the peasant " causes poor upstairs ", " upstairs unemployment ", hindered the sustainable development of new rural area social economy and culture.
3. Chinese vast in territory; Rural economic development level, social environment, geography and climate, natural environment in all parts of the country are far different; Correspondingly also far from each other for the space user demand of house and house, therefore the new rural area house construction of different regions demonstrates strong different demands.Still do not have at present the rural area house planning guide rule that is suitable for arid windy and dusty area short of rain, build guide rule such as the similar new rural area of Xinjiang region house.
4. new countryside construction is carried out with the principle of " government leading, peasant voluntary "; Under the prerequisite that respects fully peasant's wish; Peasant household can be according to the development and the external factor of family; The time of comprehensive decision resettlement, thereby newly the construction in rural area will be a long-term progressive process, the program results of traditional blueprint formula is unfavorable for built by separate periods and enforcement; More be unfavorable for responding actively when adapting to outside economic conditions takes place to change, thereby need the new rural area house planning construction guide rule of confirming that elasticity can be grown badly.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of arid windy and dusty area short of rain that is suitable for; The formation of house in the scope of a certain concrete New Countryside Construction promptly provides the inside formation of house in a kind of classification type at house, the affiliated type and the configuration relation between house and the house.The object of the invention is realized by following technical scheme:
A kind of suitable arid windy and dusty regional rural area short of rain house is built guide rule, i.e. classification, the concrete formation of all kinds of houses and the mutual configuration relation between house of house in the scope of house is built in said area is characterized in that:
Said house comprises living area and odd job district two big zones, and as the commuter zone on institute road, the living area comprises house and airing place, and the odd job district comprises the accessory occupancy and the plantation of lying fallow;
The gate of said house is the main-inlet of single household house, and the courtyard wall of house defines the house scope, and each functional areas are linked up on the institute road of house;
Said house comprises A type house, Type B house and C type house, and two kinds of modification are arranged respectively again in all types of, wherein:
The formation of A type house: the living area places north side, house base, and the odd job district places southern side, house base, and accessory occupancy is positioned at the house southern side.House arranges that near north side and west side courtyard wall it is mainly towards parallel with the north side courtyard wall; The long limit of accessory occupancy is parallel with the southern side courtyard wall; To adjoining time layout airing place and leisure plantation in the south, the leisure plantation is between living area and foreign material district from north in zone between house and the accessory occupancy.
The maximum of the type house is characterised in that accessory occupancy and house are respectively near both sides, north and south body of wall; The complete wide open space of middle formation is arranged leisure plantation and airing place; Can improve the landscape environment of house to greatest extent, form strong space and surround sense; In addition, house can be avoided forming the north side and shine upon the shadow region near the north side body of wall; Make the wide open space of house place the southern side entirely; Effectively avoid the winter north wind for the interference of house environment, increased southern side daylighting face simultaneously, help forming comfortable pleasant dwelling environment.
The formation of Type B house: the living area places the north side in house base, and the foreign material district places the southern side in house base, and accessory occupancy is positioned at the house southern side; House is positioned at the middle part of house, and it is mainly towards parallel with house southern side courtyard wall; Accessory occupancy is near west side and southern side courtyard wall, and it is mainly towards parallel with the southern side courtyard wall; The airing place is positioned at the north side of house; The leisure plantation house and attached live with the room between.
The maximum of the type house is characterised in that house is divided into two relatively independent courtyards with house space, and is arranged apart on function: one is the airing place of north side, and one is the leisure plantation between southern side accessory occupancy and the house.So the airing field hard floor file of north side is main, also can have the place that leisure exchanges concurrently, for peasant household provides outdoor activity space preferably; The leisure plantation in southern side is main with the plantation fruit-bearing forest, reduces the hard floor file as far as possible, can reduce the heat radiation in summer; Accessory occupancy combines the leisure plantation to arrange, can make things convenient for peasant household's work, and it is disconnected from each other to form recreation district, north side and southern side plantation work district like this; Avoid disturbing each other; Make that the courtyard layout is clear, kept traditionally, satisfied contemporary peasant's various lives and agricultural affair requirement again.
The formation of C type house: the living area places the southern side in house base, and the odd job district places the north side in house base, and accessory occupancy is positioned at the house north side.House is positioned at the house middle part, and it is mainly towards parallel with house southern side body of wall; Accessory occupancy is positioned at the house north side, and near west side and north side body of wall, it is mainly towards parallel with the north side courtyard wall; Arrange the leisure plantation between accessory occupancy and the house; The airing place is positioned at the house southern side, near house southern side body of wall.
The maximum of the type house is characterised in that leisure combine closely accessory occupancy and house setting of plantation, is one and surrounds the very strong courtyard space of sense; C type house is on the basis that has Type B house advantage concurrently; The difference maximum with it plantation that is to lie fallow places the north side, and the airing place that opens wide places the southern side, and such two kinds of courtyards are arranged the demand that can satisfy the Different Crop airing; For example need dry in the shade at some fruit thing of Xinjiang region; Then can adopt the Type B house, some fruit thing then need dry, and then can adopt C type house.C type house can also satisfy the peasant household that counterglow has relatively high expectations to be used, and the southern side is master's an airing place layout voluntarily with the hard floor file, and prolongable space is bigger.
House launches along both sides, the road linear arrangement of registering one's residence, and the present invention under the constant prerequisite of the basic layout of house, is provided with the north-south inlet to every kind of house type respectively, as follows:
When the main-inlet of house towards south, be respectively A-01 type house, B-01 type house and C-01 type house;
When the main-inlet of house is exposed to the north, be respectively A-02 type house, B-02 type house and C-02 type house;
Mutual configuration relation between each house:
1. house is arranged in juxtaposition along community branch road both sides, registers one's residence A-02, B-02, C-02 type house are set on the south the road; Registering one's residence is provided with A-01, B-01, C-01 type house to the north of the road, the house gate is over against the road of registering one's residence;
When 2. road was arranged with the grid road network, house was provided with continuously along branch road and is no more than 9 groups in each little plot;
3. cul de sac is provided with house along the line, and the house combination is no more than 6 groups;
4. because of the integral layout restriction, when the road network spacing is big, between continuous house, choose a house base as the body-building place.
Following basic principle is followed in the house design:
1) is accustomed to according to peasant's traditional life; And modern peasant's characteristic of life; The design of house will be satisfied the demand of peasant household's development courtyard economy, and the relation in therefore in the house design, need rationally make arrangements for the daily life space and labor service space forms the incorporate novel house layout of inhabitation-work.
2) according to the windy and dusty climate characteristic arid short of rain of locality, the layout of house is avoided forming the shadow region, north side as far as possible, blocks strong north wind, in order to avoid form abominable living environment in the winter time; Also to consider simultaneously to keep the sand in check, avoid infringement indoor environment.
3) new countryside construction will embody ecological principle; House of the present invention is all combined closely accessory occupancy and growing area; Centralized arrangement shed for animals, biomass pool, non-irrigated lavatory in accessory occupancy can directly enter fermentation in the biomass pool with a large amount of manure of livestock and poultry urine like this, and the fermentation back produces flammable biogas; Discharging is fertilizer, is used for plantation and irrigates.This arrangement can form the circulating ecological energy synthesis that " twice laid-aerogenesis-collected manure-plantation is cultured " carries out synchronously.
4) to adjacent house principle of minimum interference.Because house of the present invention is basic composite unit; A house is a family, and the combination of house is spliced into the master with East and West direction, so the building in the house is mainly towards must be inner towards house; Main and southern, the north side body of wall is parallel; Avoid being parallel to east side or west side body of wall as far as possible, can reduce interference like this, also can guarantee the privacy that house is inner to greatest extent adjacent house.
5) house is arranged and is answered simple and clear, makes things convenient for the combination between the house, forms new rural community.
6) the house layout should take into full account the demand of rural demand diversification satisfying on the basis of above-mentioned requirements, avoids unified pattern to form stiff new Rural Landscape.
House is the main building in the house; According to the climate characteristic in arid windy and dusty area short of rain and local resident's habits and customs; In the house type design of house, increased the semi-outdoor space-mat shelter in southern side; Can effectively intercept the infringement of dust storm, form the semi-outdoor activity space simultaneously indoor environment.In the windy and dusty new rural area of arid, mat shelter can be used for planting of climbing plant, and the environment that helps garden is built; Semi-outdoor activity space under the mat shelter has promoted the contacts between the family member, and for carrying out part work activity comfortable space is provided; All the time be in the effectively direct projection of block sunlight of mat shelter of house type south orientation in addition, help the suitable temperature of indoor maintenance.
Said house is divided into D house type house and E house type house, wherein:
The formation of D house type house: long 3.6 meters of north-south, long 8.1 meters of 1.1 meters of East and West direction length and north-south, two rectangle interior spaces that East and West direction is long 3.5 meters formation side by side are the L type; The mat shelter space is long 4.2 meters of north-south, the rectangle that East and West direction is long 11.4 meters.
The maximum of this house type is characterised in that single room area is bigger, and two bedrooms or two parlors are arranged, be applicable to two generation big family and three generations family live.Such house type can adapt at different times, to the reconstruction demand of house space, is transformable rural area house house type in the single rural households demographic change process.
Further, said D house type house has three kinds, is respectively D-01 house type, D-02 house type, D-03 house type, wherein:
The D-01 house type is that two Rooms one, two Room are defended: kitchen and washroom are arranged in parallel at house inside, and establish an entrance hall in the southern side in washroom and kitchen, link to each other with parlor, both sides, bedroom:
The D-02 house type is that one Room one, two Room is defended: kitchen and washroom are arranged apart inner at house, and the kitchen is positioned at the house east side, and the washroom links to each other with two bedrooms, and the mat shelter space connects each room;
The D-03 house type is two Rooms, two Room: the kitchen is positioned at house inside, and the washroom is positioned at the accessory occupancy of house; The host and guest Room links to each other with the bedroom, and the mat shelter space connects each room.
The formation of E house type house: long 5.7 meters of north-south, long 3.9 meters of 3.9 meters of East and West direction length and north-south, two rectangle interior spaces that East and West direction is long 12.3 meters formation side by side are a type; The mat shelter space is long 1.8 meters of north-south, the rectangle that East and West direction is long 12.3 meters.
The maximum of this house type is characterised in that space layout is compact, and each room close relation is applicable to the nuclear family's inhabitation of two generations.
Further, said E house type house has three kinds, is respectively E-01 house type, E-02 house type, E-03 house type, wherein:
The E-01 house type is that one Room one, two Room is defended: kitchen and washroom are arranged in juxtaposition in house, and establish an entrance hall in the southern side in washroom and kitchen, and the entrance hall links to each other with the bedroom, both sides;
The E-02 house type is that one Room one, two Room is defended: the kitchen is arranged in the house west side separately, and the washroom links to each other with two bedrooms, and the mat shelter space connects kitchen and parlor;
The E-03 house type is one Rooms, two Room: the kitchen is positioned at the middle part in each room of house, and the washroom places the open air.
Superiority of the present invention and innovative point are following:
(1) about the innovation of new countryside construction planning aspect
1. the present invention has overcome original new country planning " from top to bottom "; The drawback of ignoring peasant's wish by unified the carrying out of government; Respect fully the main body of new countryside construction---peasant's wish; At first select oneself house layout and house form by the peasant, afterwards again by village collective or local government's unified implementation, the unified construction.This pattern has improved the enthusiasm that the peasant participates in new countryside construction, has formed the planning process of " from bottom to top ".
2. take into full account local peasant's life requirement,, form the technical control framework of new countryside construction, instruct new countryside construction rational and orderly ground to carry out through setting up key element house and the house in the new countryside construction.
3. the present invention does not provide the new country planning plane of ultimate blueprint formula, but through definite controlling element, and combination principle, provide and can grow, the new country planning construction schemes of many combinations.Peasant, village collective, local government can confirm the building size in new rural area in the regular period according to the demand of oneself, according to combination principle, confirm new country planning construction scheme.
4. the present invention helps new countryside construction is carried out long-term control and guiding, has taken into account the unification of elasticity enforcement with the rigidity principle.
(2) about the innovation of house aspect, new rural area
1. courtyard is arranged the actual conditions that combine the locality, and reasonable arrangement is lived, leisure is planted, breed three's relation, accomplishes that people and animals separate, and has innovated the plane figure of rural area house, has respected the traditional life in the countryside and the mode of production.
2. according to local conditions, multiple functional areas such as grape trellis, vegetable garden, orchard are set in courtyard, will live combines with courtyard economy.
3. in courtyard except main house is set, also be provided with accessory occupancies such as shed for animals, agricultural tools shed, warehouse.
4. for the house and the house of critical elements, the present invention provides various selection of menu mode, has promptly taken into account the requirement of the unified design of unified planning unified implementation, has satisfied the diversified selection demand of peasant again, avoids forming machine-made new Rural Landscape.
5. new rural area is that the unit is built with the house, and suitably centralized residence both can improve peasant's living standard, and it is supporting to increase communal facilities, simultaneously can also intensive soil.
Said technical scheme can instruct the rural area house planning construction in arid windy and dusty area short of rain.Adopt to build in the guide rule control, and multivariant menu option is provided, confirm combination principle, thereby satisfy local government, village collective and peasant construction demand at different times to key element to key element.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is suitable in the structure of rural area house in arid windy and dusty area short of rain the type structure classification declaration figure of house;
Fig. 2 is the subregion key diagram of house internal construction of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is gate, courtyard wall, the road defined declaration figure of institute of house structure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the type structure classification declaration figure of house in the house of the present invention;
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are respectively the structure charts of A-01 in the house of the present invention, A-02 type house;
Fig. 7, Fig. 8 are respectively the structure charts of B-01 in the house of the present invention, B-02 type house;
Fig. 9, Figure 10 are respectively the structure charts of C-01 in the house of the present invention, C-02 type house;
Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 are respectively the structure charts of house D-01 in the house of the present invention, D-02, D-03 house type;
Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16 are respectively the structure charts of house E-01 in the house of the present invention, E-02, E-03 house type.
Among the figure, the 1st, house, the 2nd, accessory occupancy, the 3rd, leisure plantation, the 4th, airing place, the 5th, commuter zone (institute road), the 6th, gate, the 7th, parlor, the 8th, washroom, the 9th, kitchen, the 10th, entrance hall, the 11st, guest bedroom, the 12nd, master bedroom, the 13rd, mat shelter space.
The specific embodiment
Guide rule, i.e. classification, the concrete formation of all kinds of houses and the mutual configuration relation between house of house in the scope of house is built in said area specifically comprise classification and formation, the formation of house house type and the combination principle of house of house.
House is made up of house 1, accessory occupancy 2, airing place 4, leisure growing area 3, commuter zone 5.Wherein house 1 is main inhabitation of peasant and living space; Accessory occupancy 2 comprises livestock and poultry house, warehouse, washroom, biomass pool facility and rick coal canopy, is that peasants'production is with room and main storage space; Airing place 4 is the hard floor file, comprises that grape trellis, flower stand etc. are used for the outdoor structure of airing; Leisure growing area 3 comprises orchard and vegetable garden, is the place that the peasant is developed courtyard economy; Each functional areas of commuter zone contact.
The house base is divided into living area and odd job district for long 30 meters, wide 22.4 meters rectangle land used.House 1 belongs to the living area with airing place 4; Accessory occupancy 2, leisure plantation 3 belong to the odd job district; Commuter zone 5 contact foreign material district and living areas.Gate 6 is main-inlets of single household house, and courtyard wall defines the house scope, and each functional areas are linked up on institute road 5, and vegetable garden wherein, orchard, flower stand are taken into account the function of improving the human settlement.House has three type selectings, is defined as A type, Type B, C type house respectively.
(1) plane figure of A type house constitutes: the living area places north side, house base, and the odd job district places southern side, house base, and accessory occupancy is positioned at the house southern side.House arranges that near north side and west side courtyard wall the long limit of house 1 is parallel with the north side courtyard wall; The long limit of accessory occupancy 2 is parallel with the southern side courtyard wall; Airing place 4 and leisure plantation 3 are arranged from north to adjoining in the south time in zone between house 1 and the accessory occupancy 2.Leisure plantation 3 is used to separate foreign material district and living area between living area and foreign material district, help to build good human settlement, improves the house weather.
The advantage of A type house is:
1. it is stronger that the space of courtyard surrounds sense, and privacy better;
2. the wide open space in the courtyard is complete, helps the needs of peasant household according to oneself, rationally arranges plantation, airing, leisure place; Also help house and add enlarging.
3. function division is reasonable, and production areas such as the work of being engaged in agriculture are positioned at the southern side of house, and life leisure spaces such as airing place are positioned at the southern side of house, and the work district separates with the living area, avoids the phase mutual interference, helps building good life and work environment.
A type house has two kinds of distortion, under the constant situation of general plane layout, has designed northern inlet and south inlet house respectively, is respectively A-01 type house and A-02 type house.The gate 6 of A-01 type house is positioned at the house southern side, is suitable for being arranged in the road north side of registering one's residence.The gate 6 of A-02 type house is positioned at the north side of house, is suitable for being arranged in the southern side of road of registering one's residence.
(2) formation of Type B house: the living area places the north side of house, and the foreign material district places the southern side of house, and accessory occupancy 2 is positioned at the house southern side.House 1 is positioned at the middle part of house, and its long limit is parallel with house southern side courtyard wall; Accessory occupancy is near west side and southern side courtyard wall, and its long limit is parallel with the southern side courtyard wall; Airing place 4 is positioned at the north side of house 1; Leisure plantation 3 house 1 and attached live with room 2 between.The general characteristic of Type B house is: house 1 is positioned at the centre of house, is partitioned into two complete relatively public spaces, and the place between north side and the accessory occupancy 2 is arranged vegetable plot, orchard, and suitably planted arbor, forms farming labor service district; Bigger prologue space being arranged between southern side and the gate, be the hard floor file, is the vital function district of house.This living area has the characteristics of flexible topology: in special periods such as busy farming seasons, the hard floor file that large tracts of land is complete can be used as airing place 4; In all the other periods, the large tracts of land garden in the living area can be provided with leisure facilities such as tables and chairs, flower stand.
The advantage of Type B house is:
1. accessory occupancy is positioned at the southern side of house, in the Xinjiang region of for example taking as the leading factor with north wind, can avoid the interference of the interior peculiar smell such as livestock poultry of accessory occupancy to house, airing place, helps building comfortable daily life environment;
2. the house southern side is towards the leisure growing area, and the vision view is good.
The Type B house has two kinds of distortion, under the constant situation of general plane layout, has designed northern inlet and south inlet house respectively, is respectively B-01 type house and B-02 type house.The gate 6 of B-01 type house is positioned at the house southern side, is suitable for being arranged in the road north side of registering one's residence.The gate 6 of B-02 type house is positioned at the north side of house, is suitable for being arranged in the road southern side of registering one's residence.
(3) plane figure of C type house constitutes: the living area places the southern side in house base, and the odd job district places the north side in house base, and accessory occupancy 2 is positioned at house 1 north side.House 1 is positioned at the house middle part, and the long limit of house is parallel with house southern side body of wall; Accessory occupancy 2 is positioned at the house north side, and near west side and north side body of wall, its long limit is parallel with the north side courtyard wall; Arrange leisure plantation 3 between accessory occupancy 2 and the house 1, help to build good human settlement, improve the house weather; Airing place 4 is positioned at the house southern side, near house southern side body of wall.
The advantage of C type house is:
1. the house southern side is a wide open space, and peasant household can lay the furniture leisure facilities according to the needs of oneself, builds house southern side view.
2. the space, southern side is open, and work apparatus easy access carries in peasant household, is suitable for the family of dilly, its vehicle easy access.
C type house has two kinds of modification, under the constant situation of general plane layout, has designed northern inlet and south inlet house respectively, is respectively C-01 type house and C-02 type house.The gate 6 of C-01 type house is positioned at the house southern side, is suitable for being arranged in the road north side of registering one's residence.The gate 6 of C-02 type house is positioned at the north side of house, is suitable for being arranged in the road southern side of registering one's residence.
D house type house 1 constitutes (axial line distance) side by side by long 11.4 meters two the rectangle interior spaces with long 3.5 meters of the long 8.1 meters East and West directions in north-south of the long 3.6 meters East and West directions in north-south, is the L type; The mat shelter space is the rectangle of long 11.4 meters of the long 4.25 meters East and West directions in north-south.The D house type is a principal character with two parlors and two bedrooms, is fit to 4-6 people's big family.Its overall advantage is:
(1) bigger semi-outdoor space: dark L type house type partly surrounds out bigger semi-outdoor activity space; Stroll about or have a rest in open air that mat shelter is used for family and work provides the space for arid regional resident short of rain builds; For example the space under the mat shelter can be used for airing in the daytime, activity such as singing and dancing entertainment in night.The semi-outdoor spatial placement of mat shelter form has also effectively been blocked summer heat and dust storm in the southern side, room in addition, for having created pleasant comfortable living environment in indoor space.
(2) indoor flexibly space: house type is two two a visitors' for sleeping in house type, and the user demand of the different occasions of different purposes can be satisfied in indoor small one and large one two parlors that are furnished with.And little parlor also can convert the bedroom to, to satisfy the use in the transition period that family population increases.
The extension house type that the plane of D house type constitutes has three kinds, is respectively D-01 house type, D-02 house type, D-03 house type, and these three kinds of distortion have advantage separately:
The D-01 house type is that two Rooms one, two Room are defended: kitchen 9 is arranged in parallel at house 1 inside with washroom 8, and 8 establishes an entrance hall 10 with the southern side in kitchen 9 in the washroom, can link to each other with parlor, both sides 11, bedroom.This house type is characterised in that with the combination of entrance hall 10, kitchen 9, washroom 8 core as the house type space indoor public space is attached to a place, and its advantage is:
(1) moving-wire clearly: being provided with in the house type with the entrance hall is the indoor activity streamline at center, improved between the family member public space meet maybe, the contacts that are of value between the family member exchange.
(2) single inlet is convenient to safety management: but it is through all rooms in the entry door inlet chamber that links to each other with the external world once fan, all directly leads to outdoor differently with a plurality of rooms of rural area present situation, has simplified the management system in indoor space.
The D-02 house type is that one Room one, two Room is defended: kitchen 9 is arranged apart in house 1 inside with washroom 8, and kitchen 9 is positioned at house 1 east side, and washroom 8 links to each other with two bedrooms, and the mat shelter space connects each room.This house type is characterised in that defends the visitor one that crouches in the house type as inner room more independently, and single-row kitchen 9 puts house type one side, and its advantage is:
(1) master bedroom and washroom, parlor form closely comfortable forming a team, and the elder in suitable owner or the two generation families lives.
(2) guest bedroom is registered one's residence and just is able to distinguish from the open air, forms three inner rooms, parlor, master bedroom-washroom, inferior crouching, and three inner rooms are convenient to how to use for the people, also can be used for hiring out.
(3) super large depth parlor; Can be by indoor or outdoor direct entering; Function is independent; The space can be cut apart combination flexibly in the room, and satisfying the difference in functionality needs, independently parlor or latter half of parlor are replaced into the bedroom function to satisfy the further demand in the family population propagation process but walling in case of necessity is divided into two.Oil smoke and noise are avoided in single-row kitchen.
The D-03 house type is two Rooms, two Room: kitchen 9 is positioned at house 1 inside, and the washroom is positioned at the accessory occupancy of house; The host and guest Room links to each other with the bedroom, and the mat shelter space connects each room, and plane figure sees Fig. 8 for details.This house type is characterised in that galley unit is positioned at the middle part in each room of house type, is convenient to heated in the contiguous host and guest Room 7 and bedroom, especially is fit to cold or the big rural area of day and night temperature in winter.In addition, washroom 8 is positioned at accessory occupancy 2, can avoid the interference of peculiar smell to the room, and convenient fertilising utilizes, and helps developing courtyard economy.
E house type house 1 constitutes (axial line distance) side by side by long 3.9 meters two the rectangle interior spaces with long 12.3 meters of the long 3.9 meters East and West directions in north-south of the long 5.7 meters East and West directions in north-south, is yi word pattern; The mat shelter space is the rectangle of long 12.3 meters of the long 1.8 meters East and West directions in north-south.
The overall advantage of E house type is:
(1) house type with a parlor and two bedrooms constitutes principal character, and area and function economical rationality are suitable for two generations nuclear family's use of 2-4 people.
(2) functional spaces such as bedroom, parlor, kitchen are convenient to get in touch in yi word pattern semi-outdoor space.The semi-outdoor space can provide the playground of having a rest as the transition of the interior space and the exterior space.The semi-outdoor spatial placement also can effectively be blocked the summer heat and the dust storm in arid area short of rain in the southern side, room, for having created more suitable living environment in indoor space.
(3) this house type depth is less, helps each room and keeps good ventilation effect.
House type is extended on the plane of E house type has three kinds, is respectively E-01 house type, E-02 house type, E-03 house type.These three kinds of distortion have advantage separately:
The E-01 house type is that one Room one, two Room is defended: kitchen 9 is arranged in juxtaposition in house with washroom 8, and 8 establishes an entrance hall 10 with the southern side in kitchen 9 in the washroom, and entrance hall 10 links to each other with the bedroom, both sides.This house type be characterised in that with between the combination of entrance hall, kitchen, washroom as the core in house type space, indoor public space is attached to a place, its advantage is:
(1) indoor clearly moving-wire: being provided with in the house type with the entrance hall is the indoor activity streamline at center, has improved the possibility of meeting at public space between the family member, and the contacts that are of value between the family member exchange.
(2) the life space of going to bed separate with the public space of receiving a visitor, and assurance is private.
The E-02 house type is that one Room one, two Room is defended: kitchen 9 is arranged in house 1 west side separately, and washroom 8 links to each other with two bedrooms, and the mat shelter space connects kitchen 9 and parlor 7.This house type is characterised in that defends dual horizontal in the house type one as inner room more independently, and single-row kitchen puts house type one side, and its advantage is:
(1) bedroom and washroom form and form a team comparatively closely, and privacy is better with residence comfort.
(2) oil smoke and noise are avoided in single-row kitchen.
The E-03 house type is one Rooms, two Room: kitchen 9 is positioned at the middle part in each room of house, and washroom 8 is placed the open air and in house type, is not provided with.Its advantage is:
(1) kitchen is positioned at house type middle part, convenient is heated in contiguous bedroom, and energy conservation especially is fit to cold or the bigger rural area of day and night temperature in winter.
(2) washroom is arranged in the accessory occupancy, separates with the living area, can avoid the interference of peculiar smell to the living area, and convenient fertilising utilization, helps the development of courtyard economy.
The combination principle of house of the present invention and house is following:
1. house is arranged in juxtaposition along community branch road both sides, registers one's residence A-02, B-02, C-02 type house are set on the south the road; Registering one's residence is provided with A-01, B-01, C-01 type house to the north of the road, the house gate is over against the road of registering one's residence.
When 2. road was arranged with the grid road network, be provided with continuously along branch road should not be above 9 groups for house in each little plot.
3. cul de sac is provided with house along the line, and the house combination should not be above 6 groups.
4. as because of integral layout limits, when the road network spacing is big, advise between continuous house, choosing a house base,, take into account the collecting and distributing and resident's activity of traffic as the national fitness campaign place.
The present invention can instruct the rural area house planning construction in arid windy and dusty area short of rain, is suitable for the regional natural environment in China South Sinkiang as embodiment, and Bachu County, Keshen residents'living habit instructs the new rural area house construction of this area's house, house.
Claims (3)
1. a suitable arid windy and dusty regional rural area short of rain house is built guide rule, i.e. classification, the concrete formation of all kinds of houses and the mutual configuration relation between house of house in the scope of house is built in said area is characterized in that:
Said house comprises living area and odd job district two big zones, and as the commuter zone on institute road, the living area comprises house and airing place, and the odd job district comprises the accessory occupancy and the plantation of lying fallow;
The gate of said house is the main-inlet of single household house, and the courtyard wall of house defines the house scope, and each functional areas are linked up on the institute road of house;
Said house comprises A type house, Type B house and C type house, and two kinds of modification are arranged respectively again in all types of, wherein:
The formation of A type house: the living area places north side, house base, and the odd job district places southern side, house base, and accessory occupancy is positioned at the house southern side.House arranges that near north side and west side courtyard wall it is mainly towards parallel with the north side courtyard wall; The long limit of accessory occupancy is parallel with the southern side courtyard wall; To adjoining time layout airing place and leisure plantation in the south, the leisure plantation is between living area and foreign material district from north in zone between house and the accessory occupancy;
The formation of Type B house: the living area places the north side of house, and the foreign material district places the southern side of house, and accessory occupancy is positioned at the house southern side; House is positioned at the middle part of house, and it is mainly towards parallel with house southern side courtyard wall; Accessory occupancy is near west side and southern side courtyard wall, and it is mainly towards parallel with the southern side courtyard wall; The airing place is positioned at the north side of house; The leisure plantation is between house and accessory occupancy;
The formation of C type house: the living area places the southern side in house base, and the odd job district places the north side in house base, and accessory occupancy is positioned at the house north side.House is positioned at the house middle part, and it is mainly towards parallel with house southern side body of wall; Accessory occupancy is positioned at the house north side, and near west side and north side body of wall, it is mainly towards parallel with the north side courtyard wall; Arrange the leisure plantation between accessory occupancy and the house; The airing place is positioned at the house southern side, near house southern side body of wall;
When the main-inlet of house towards south, be respectively A-01 type house, B-01 type house and C-01 type house;
When the main-inlet of house is exposed to the north, be respectively A-02 type house, B-02 type house and C-02 type house;
Mutual configuration relation between each house:
1. house is arranged in juxtaposition along community branch road both sides, registers one's residence A-02, B-02, C-02 type house are set on the south the road; Registering one's residence is provided with A-01, B-01, C-01 type house to the north of the road, the house gate is over against the road of registering one's residence;
When 2. road was arranged with the grid road network, house was provided with continuously along branch road and is no more than 9 groups in each little plot;
3. cul de sac is provided with house along the line, and the house combination is no more than 6 groups;
4. because of the integral layout restriction, when the road network spacing is big, between continuous house, choose a house base as the body-building place;
House in the said house is divided into D house type house and E house type house, wherein:
D house type house: long 3.6 meters of north-south, long 8.1 meters of 1.1 meters of East and West direction length and north-south, two rectangle interior spaces that East and West direction is long 3.5 meters formation side by side are the L type; The mat shelter space is long 4.2 meters of north-south, the rectangle that East and West direction is long 11.4 meters;
E house type house: long 5.7 meters of north-south, long 3.9 meters of 3.9 meters of East and West direction length and north-south, two rectangle interior spaces that East and West direction is long 12.3 meters formation side by side are a type; The mat shelter space is long 1.8 meters of north-south, the rectangle that East and West direction is long 12.3 meters.
2. build guide rule according to the said suitable arid of claim 1 windy and dusty regional rural area short of rain house, it is characterized in that said D house type house has three kinds, be respectively D-01 house type, D-02 house type, D-03 house type, wherein:
The D-01 house type is that two Rooms one, two Room are defended: kitchen and washroom are arranged in parallel at house inside, and establish an entrance hall in the southern side in washroom and kitchen, link to each other with parlor, both sides, bedroom:
The D-02 house type is that one Room one, two Room is defended: kitchen and washroom are arranged apart inner at house, and the kitchen is positioned at the house east side, and the washroom links to each other with two bedrooms, and the mat shelter space connects each room;
The D-03 house type is two Rooms, two Room: the kitchen is positioned at house inside, and the washroom is positioned at the accessory occupancy of house; The host and guest Room links to each other with the bedroom, and the mat shelter space connects each room.
3. build guide rule according to the said suitable arid of claim 1 windy and dusty regional rural area short of rain house, it is characterized in that said E house type house has three kinds, be respectively E-01 house type, E-02 house type, E-03 house type, wherein:
The E-01 house type is that one Room one, two Room is defended: kitchen and washroom are arranged in juxtaposition in house, and establish an entrance hall in the southern side in washroom and kitchen, and the entrance hall links to each other with the bedroom, both sides;
The E-02 house type is that one Room one, two Room is defended: the kitchen is arranged in the house west side separately, and the washroom links to each other with two bedrooms, and the mat shelter space connects kitchen and parlor;
The E-03 house type is one Rooms, two Room: the kitchen is positioned at the middle part in each room of house, and the washroom places the open air.
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