CN102471933A - 用于处理单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物的方法 - Google Patents
用于处理单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种处理单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物的方法,尤其用于生产用来制造聚合物纤维的粘稠物,该聚合物纤维尤其是对位芳酰胺纤维(p-aramide fibre),其中,单体、预聚物、聚合物、添加剂或相应的混合物被与溶剂共混、被混合、被熔化、被均匀化和/或被脱气,随后被排出,这至少部分在反应器(7)中进行,采用强制进料装置(4)将单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物强制送入反应器(7)中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种处理单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物的方法,尤其用于制造用于生产聚合物纤维的纺丝溶液,该聚合物纤维尤其是对位芳酰胺纤维(p-aramide fiber),其中,单体、预聚物、聚合物、添加剂或相应的混合物被与溶剂共混、被混合、被熔化、被均匀化和/或被脱气,随后被排出,这至少部分在反应器(7)中进行,以及一种用于该目的的装置。
背景技术
当前,在家用和工业领域中的很多应用需要合成纤维。例如,合成纤维应用于所有类型的服装、增强纤维织物、工业用纺织品、耐磨垫和过滤器等。为了该目的,通常以块或粉末形式存在的相应聚合物与溶剂被混合、被熔化、被均匀化和/或被脱气,随后在仍为粘性状态下被输送至喷嘴,随后,其从喷嘴在高压下被挤出以形成纤维。
例如,已知WO2008/138597的方法,其中,液态硫酸被用作溶剂以及在优选连续操作的单轴或双轴反应器中至少进行混合、均匀化和脱气。这消除了迄今必须冷却硫酸使之低于凝固点的需要,使整个工艺相当简单且成本较低。
发明内容
发明目的
本发明的目的是仍然进一步改进WO2008/138597公开的方法以及提高产品的品质。
发明目的的实现
通过强制进料装置,将单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物强制送入反应器,实现了所述目的。
强制进料产品具有的优点为,产品在进入反应器之前被压缩或挤压,使得其基本无死点地可被送入反应器。由此还避免了空气夹杂物,使得在反应器中的产品的处理进行的效率更高。此外,强制传输具有的优点为,产品的传输不再依赖于重力,相反,产品进一步被主动地移动。
向反应器中进料优选地在靠近反应器的端面处进行,使得在反应器中不发生混合长度的损失,因为在端面后的第一反应区已经可以被用作混合腔。由于该原因,尤其溶剂的进料也在接近反应器的端面处进行。
可想到强制进料装置的多个可能性,下面通过例子仅提到几个可能。本质是通过强制进料装置施加足够的强制力/压力至产品,使得强制进料可以进行。例如,这可以用气动或流体静力方式实现,或用相应的泵实现。然而,优选机械装置,再次优选的是该机械装置具有至少一个彼此啮合的传送螺杆,优选是两个彼此啮合的传送螺杆。该传送螺杆由此体现出与壁齐平,即,其外径大约与外壳的内径一致,传输螺杆在该外壳中旋转。
为积聚相应的压力,螺杆的螺距可以不同。例如,接近产品的供料的螺杆的螺距体现出更大,但是在再往前的部分中减小使得产品传输进行的更慢,但产品由此被压缩。
产品本身,尤其是单体、预聚物、聚合物、添加剂或其相应的混合物可以不同的物理状态存在。例如,可以考虑粉末形式。
溶剂自身可以在任意所需的位置处和/或以任意所需的方向被送入反应器和/或强制进料装置中,其中,在选择被送入强制进料装置中时,产品已经在强制进料装置中被预混合。将溶剂送入反应器优选地在靠近在强制进料装置与反应器之间的进料区并且进而接近反应器的端面处进行。
在进料区自身中,也可进行产品的热影响,其含有较大的深层作用。例如,因此,热被较好地并更强烈地引入产品。
如果需要,也可将多个强制进料装置分配给反应器,使得还能够将不同的产品送入反应器,这些不同的产品例如随后在反应器中彼此反应。在此处可以想到多个可能性,这些可能性被本发明所覆盖。
尤其是,使用捏合混合机作为反应器。
该类型的捏合混合机被用于大量的目的。首先应提及溶剂挥发回收,其以分批或连续的方式以及还通常在真空下进行。例如,据此可以处理蒸馏残留物,还可处理来自化学工业和药品生产中的具有有毒的或高沸点溶剂的生产残留物、清洗液和涂料污泥、聚合物溶液、来自溶剂聚合的弹性体溶液、胶黏剂和密封胶。
设备还用于进行水润湿和/或溶剂润湿的产品的连续或分批接触干燥,该干燥通常也在真空下进行。该应用尤其用于颜料、染料、精细化学品、添加剂,例如盐、氧化物、氢氧化物、抗氧剂、对温度敏感的药品和维生素产品、活性物质、聚合物、合成橡胶、聚合物悬浮液、乳胶、水溶胶、蜂蜡、杀虫剂及从生产化学品或药品得到的残留物,例如盐、催化剂、废渣、废液。这些工艺还可应用于食品生产,例如,应用于奶块、代糖、淀粉衍生物及海藻酸盐的生产和/或处理中,用于工业泥污、油泥、生物泥污、纸泥污、涂料污泥的处理以及通常用于发粘、成壳、粘糊状产品、工业垃圾及纤维素衍生物的处理。
在捏合混合机中,可以进行脱气和/或脱挥发分。这被应用于聚合物熔体、用于合成纤维的纺丝溶液以及固态的聚合物或弹性体颗粒或粉末。
在捏合混合机中,可以进行缩聚反应,通常连续地以及通常在熔体中进行,该缩聚反应尤其是用于处理聚酰胺、聚酯、聚醋酸盐、热塑性塑料、弹性体、聚硅酮、脲醛树脂以及酚醛树脂。
还可以进行聚合反应,通常也是连续地进行。这被应用于聚丙烯酸酯、水凝胶、多元醇、热塑性聚合物、弹性体、间同立构的聚苯乙烯以及聚丙烯酰胺。
相当常见地,可在捏合混合机中进行固/液以及多相反应。这尤其应用于逆反应,应用在氢氟酸、硬脂酸盐、氰酸盐、聚磷酸盐、三聚氰酸、纤维素衍生物、纤维素酯、纤维素醚、聚缩醛树脂、磺胺酸、铜酞菁、淀粉衍生物、聚磷酸胺、磺酸盐、杀虫剂和化肥的处理中。
另外,可以进行固/气的反应(例如,羧化反应)或液/气的反应。这被应用于处理乙酸酯、叠氮化物、柯尔伯-施密特反应(Kolbe-Schmitt reaction),例如,BON、Na的水杨酸盐、对羟基苯甲酸及药品。
进行液/液的反应,例如,中和反应及酯交换反应。
在这种类型的捏合混合机中对用于合成纤维、聚酰胺、聚酯及纤维素的纺丝溶液进行溶解和/或脱气。
在聚酯和聚酰胺的生产和处理中进行固态后缩聚,例如在纤维的处理中用溶剂进行连续的制浆,纤维例如为纤维素纤维,在盐、精细化学品、多元醇、醇化物的处理中进行从熔体或从溶液的结晶,聚合物混合物、硅酮化合物、密封化合物、粉煤灰的复合、混合(连续和/或分批),在聚合物悬浮液的处理中的凝结(尤其是连续的)。
在捏合混合机中,还可以结合多种功能的工艺,例如,加热、干燥、熔化、结晶化、混合、脱气、反应,所有这些可连续或分批进行。以这种方式进行聚合物、弹性体、无机产品、残留物、药品、食品及印刷油墨的生产或处理。
在捏合混合机中,还可以进行真空升华/凝华,由此,化学前体(例如蒽醌、金属氯化物、有机金属化合物等)被纯化。而且,可以生产药品中间产品。
进行连续的载气的凝华,例如,在有机中间产品情况下进行,例如,有机中间产品例如为蒽醌及精细化学品。
捏合混合机可以是单轴或在相同或不同速度下以相同的方向或相反的方向旋转的双轴。
例如,EP0517068B1公开了上述类型的捏合混合机。其中,两个轴在混合机外壳中以相反的方向或相同的方向轴向平行地旋转。在这种情况下,装在圆盘部件上的混合棒彼此相互作用。除了混合功能,还具有清洗与产品接触的混合器的外壳、轴以及圆盘部件的可能的表面的任务以及具有由此避免未混合的区的任务。尤其在高度压紧、产品硬化及成壳的情况下,混合棒的到达边缘的能力导致混合棒与轴的局部机械负荷高。尤其当混合棒处于产品难于离开的那些区域中时出现这些力的峰值。例如,在将圆盘部件安装在轴上的地方存在这样的区域。在DE59000547.2、DE59106245.3、DE59203529.8、DE19536944.0、DE59600991.7、DE19940521.2、DE10120391.8、DE10150900.6等中描述了另外的捏合混合机。然而,本发明不限于此。也可以采用其他的混合机、挤出机或类似机器。
附图说明
基于附图以及通过下述优选示例性实施方式的描述示出了本发明的进一步的优点、特征及细节;附图如下,
图1示意性地或用框图形式示出了用于进行根据本发明的用于处理单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物的方法的装置;
图2示意性地或用框图形式表示了根据图1的装置的部分。
具体实施方式
在根据图1的装置中,提供了计量装量1,在该计量装置中进行要处理的产品的重量计量。借助出料装置2,该产品被排出进入粉体溜槽3。产品从粉体溜槽3到达传输装置4,至少一个传输螺杆5位于该传输装置4中。还指出了用于该传输螺杆的对应的驱动器6。
在示出的示例性实施方式中,传输螺杆5被分成具有两个不同的螺距P1或P2的区域,螺距P1比螺距P2大。这表明,具有螺距P1的区域中的产品被挤压较小,但传输较快,然而,具有螺距P2的区域中的挤压力增大。
产品从传输装置4到达捏合混合机7,这可以如期望的那样实施。根据图2,对应的进料区8的位置非常接近于捏合混合机7的端面9,其中,在进料区8中还指出了带有两个传输螺杆5.1及5.2的传输装置。
现有技术已知的对应的混合和捏炼部件,尤其是混合杆和捏炼轴,由靠近端面9处的马达10驱动。
另外,在接近端面9处或在入口8上方进行溶剂或所需的液体的添加,为了该目的,提供了计量泵11。从计量泵11至捏合混合机7的对应的供料管用12标出。
本发明的操作方法如下:
要处理的产品,尤其是单体、预聚物、聚合物、添加剂或相应的混合物在计量装置1中被计量以及借助出料装置2和粉体溜槽3被送至传输装置4(强制进料装置)。由于传输螺杆的设计,进行了产品的挤压,其中,建立了产品上的压力。因此,产品基本无死区地被强制送入捏合混合机7。该送入进而在捏合混合机7的靠近端面9处进行,使得捏合混合机7的混合长度几乎100%被利用。此外,通过计量泵将液体(尤其是溶剂)送入捏合混合机7中的非常接近端面9处。
Dres.WEISS & ARAT
专利律师事务所
欧洲专利代理人/律师
卷号:P 4084/PCT 数据:2010年8月5日W/ST
附图标记列表
| 1 | 计量装置 | 34 | 67 | ||
| 2 | 出料装置 | 35 | 68 | ||
| 3 | 粉体溜槽 | 36 | 69 | ||
| 4 | 传输装置 | 37 | 70 | ||
| 5 | 传输螺杆 | 38 | 71 | ||
| 6 | 马达 | 39 | 72 | ||
| 7 | 捏合混合机 | 40 | 73 | ||
| 8 | 进料区 | 41 | 74 | ||
| 9 | 端面 | 42 | 75 | ||
| 10 | 马达 | 43 | 76 | ||
| 11 | 计量泵 | 44 | 77 | ||
| 12 | 供料管 | 45 | 78 | ||
| 13 | 46 | 79 | |||
| 14 | 47 | ||||
| 15 | 48 | ||||
| 16 | 49 | P1 | 5的螺距 | ||
| 17 | 50 | P2 | 5的螺距 | ||
| 18 | 51 | ||||
| 19 | 52 | ||||
| 20 | 53 | ||||
| 21 | 54 | ||||
| 22 | 55 | ||||
| 23 | 56 | ||||
| 24 | 57 | ||||
| 25 | 58 | ||||
| 26 | 59 | ||||
| 27 | 60 | ||||
| 28 | 61 | ||||
| 29 | 62 | ||||
| 30 | 63 | ||||
| 31 | 64 | ||||
| 32 | 65 | ||||
| 33 | 66 |
Claims (21)
1.一种处理单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物的方法,尤其用于生产用于制造聚合物纤维的纺丝溶液,该聚合物纤维尤其是对位芳酰胺纤维,其中,单体、预聚物、聚合物、添加剂或相应的混合物被与溶剂共混、被混合、被熔化、被均匀化和/或被脱气以及随后被排出,这至少部分在反应器(7)中进行,其特征在于:通过强制进料装置(4)将所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物强制送入所述反应器(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物被送入上游传输装置(4),随后经所述上游传输装置将所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物基本无死点地强制送入所述反应器(7)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:在靠近所述反应器(7)的端面(9)处将所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物送入所述反应器(7)。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于:在所述上游传输装置(4)中建立朝着所述反应器(7)的方向的强制力/压力。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:将所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物气动地送入所述反应器(7)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:将所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物流体静压地送入所述反应器(7),尤其是泵入所述反应器(7)。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物以粉体的形式被送入。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:不管所述溶剂的物理状态如何,在所述反应器(7)的任意所需的位置处和/或以任意所需的方向将所述溶剂送入所述反应器(7)。
9.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物与预混合的所述溶剂一起被送入所述反应器(7),不管其物理状态如何。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:在强制进料装置(4)中,所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物被预混合。
11.根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:所述反应器(7)和/或所述强制进料装置(4)在进料区(8)的区域中受到热影响。
12.根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂被送入在所述强制进料装置(4)和/或所述反应器(7)中的不同位置处,和/或可选地所述溶剂以不同的量被送入。
13.用于进行权利要求1-12任一项所述的方法的装置,其特征在于:用于强制送入单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物的装置(4)被分配给所述反应器(7)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的装置,其特征在于:用于将所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物强制送入的所述装置(4)机械地操作。
15.根据权利要求14所述的装置,其特征在于:所述装置是单轴或双轴传输螺杆(5,5.1,5.2)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的装置,其特征在于:所述传输螺杆(5,5.1,5.2)的几何结构,尤其是所述传输螺杆(5,5.1,5.2)的螺距以及所述传输螺杆(5,5.1,5.2)的芯的直径,被设计成使得产生所需的压力区和/或卸压区。
17.根据权利要求14所述的装置,其特征在于:用于将所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物送入所述反应器(7)的所述装置是泵。
18.根据权利要求13所述的装置,其特征在于:用于将所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物强制送入的所述装置气动地操作。
19.根据权利要求12-18任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述反应器(7)具有用于溶剂的入口。
20.根据权利要求13-19任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:用于将所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物强制送入所述反应器(7)的所述装置(4)具有用于溶剂的入口。
21.根据权利要求13-18任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:用于强制送入所述单体、预聚物、聚合物或相应的混合物的多个装置(4)被分配给所述反应器(7)。
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| PCT/EP2010/004822 WO2011018189A2 (de) | 2009-08-11 | 2010-08-06 | Verfahren zum behandeln eines monomers, pre-polymers, polymers oder einer entsprechenden mischung |
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| CN104492305A (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-08 | 浙江鑫盛永磁科技有限公司 | 用于粉体生产的投混料装置 |
| CN114889000A (zh) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 江苏诚盟装备股份有限公司 | 一种连续聚合反应挤出成套设备 |
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| BR122020002319B1 (pt) * | 2013-10-29 | 2021-06-15 | Braskem S.A. | Método e sistema contínuo para a produção de pelo menos um fio polimérico |
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- 2010-08-06 CN CN201080035760.6A patent/CN102471933B/zh active Active
- 2010-08-06 US US13/390,062 patent/US9394626B2/en active Active
- 2010-08-06 KR KR1020127006409A patent/KR101531586B1/ko active Active
- 2010-08-06 EP EP10754265.6A patent/EP2464763B1/de active Active
- 2010-08-06 RU RU2012100037/12A patent/RU2543418C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-08-06 CA CA2768894A patent/CA2768894A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104492305A (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-08 | 浙江鑫盛永磁科技有限公司 | 用于粉体生产的投混料装置 |
| CN114889000A (zh) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 江苏诚盟装备股份有限公司 | 一种连续聚合反应挤出成套设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20120046771A (ko) | 2012-05-10 |
| WO2011018189A3 (de) | 2011-05-12 |
| EP2464763A2 (de) | 2012-06-20 |
| US20120140587A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
| CA2768894A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
| CN102471933B (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
| RU2012100037A (ru) | 2013-09-20 |
| BR112012000683A2 (pt) | 2016-02-16 |
| DE102009036915A1 (de) | 2011-02-24 |
| WO2011018189A2 (de) | 2011-02-17 |
| JP5826175B2 (ja) | 2015-12-02 |
| RU2543418C2 (ru) | 2015-02-27 |
| JP2013501829A (ja) | 2013-01-17 |
| EP2464763B1 (de) | 2017-05-03 |
| KR101531586B1 (ko) | 2015-06-25 |
| US9394626B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
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