CN102480042B - Feed-forward type satellite television antenna and satellite television receiving system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed-forward satellite TV antenna, which includes a divergent element and a metamaterial panel, the metamaterial panel includes a core layer and a reflection plate, the core layer includes a core layer layer, and the core layer layer includes a circular area and distributed in There are multiple annular areas around the circular area. The refractive index at the same radius in the circular area and the annular area is the same. In the respective areas of the circular area and the annular area, the refractive index gradually decreases with the increase of the radius. The minimum value of the refractive index of the area is smaller than the maximum value of the refractive index of the adjacent annular area, two adjacent annular areas, the minimum value of the refractive index of the inner annular area is smaller than the maximum refractive index of the outer annular area value. In the satellite TV antenna of the present invention, the traditional parabolic antenna is replaced by a sheet-shaped metamaterial panel, and the manufacturing process is easier and the cost is lower. In addition, the present invention also provides a satellite TV receiving system with the above-mentioned feed-forward satellite TV antenna.

Description

A Feedforward Satellite TV Antenna and Its Satellite TV Receiving System

technical field

The invention relates to the communication field, and more specifically, relates to a feed-forward satellite TV antenna and a satellite TV receiving system thereof.

Background technique

The traditional satellite TV receiving system is a satellite ground receiving station composed of parabolic antenna, feed source, tuner and satellite receiver. The parabolic dish is responsible for reflecting the satellite signal into the feed and tuner at the focal point. The feed source is a horn set at the focal point of the parabolic antenna to collect satellite signals, also known as a corrugated horn. There are two main functions: one is to collect the electromagnetic wave signal received by the antenna, transform it into a signal voltage, and supply it to the tuner. The second is to perform polarization conversion on the received electromagnetic waves. The high-frequency head LNB (also known as the frequency reducer) is to reduce the frequency and amplify the satellite signal sent by the feeder, and then transmit it to the satellite receiver. Generally, it can be divided into C-band frequency LNB (3.7GHz-4.2GHz, 18-21V) and Ku-band frequency LNB (10.7GHz-12.75GHz, 12-14V). The working process of LNB is to first amplify the satellite high-frequency signal to hundreds of thousands of times, and then use the local oscillator circuit to convert the high-frequency signal to an intermediate frequency of 950MHz-2050MHz, so as to facilitate the transmission of the coaxial cable and the demodulation and work of the satellite receiver. . The satellite receiver is to demodulate the satellite signal sent by the tuner, and demodulate the satellite TV image or digital signal and audio signal.

When receiving satellite signals, the parallel electromagnetic waves are reflected by the parabolic antenna and then converged to the feed source. Usually, the corresponding feed source of the parabolic antenna is a horn antenna.

However, since the curved surface of the reflective surface of the parabolic antenna is difficult to process and requires high precision, the manufacturing is troublesome and the cost is relatively high.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a feed-forward satellite TV antenna with simple processing and low manufacturing cost, aiming at the defects of difficult processing and high cost of existing satellite TV antennas.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a feed-forward satellite TV antenna, the feed-forward satellite TV antenna includes a divergent element with electromagnetic wave divergence function arranged behind the feed source and a A metamaterial panel, the metamaterial panel includes a core layer and a reflection plate arranged on one side of the core layer, the core layer includes at least one core layer sheet, the core layer sheet includes a sheet-shaped substrate and A plurality of artificial microstructures arranged on the substrate, the core layer can be divided into a circular area located in the middle according to the refractive index distribution and multiple microstructures distributed around the circular area and concentric with the circular area. An annular area, the refractive index at the same radius in the circular area and the annular area is the same, and in the respective areas of the circular area and the annular area, the refractive index gradually decreases with the increase of the radius, and the circular area The minimum value of the refractive index is smaller than the maximum value of the refractive index of the adjacent ring area, and the minimum value of the refractive index of the inner ring area is smaller than the maximum value of the refractive index of the outer ring area. .

Further, the core layer sheet also includes a filler layer covering the artificial microstructure.

Further, the core layer includes a plurality of core layer sheets with the same refractive index distribution and parallel to each other.

Further, the metamaterial panel further includes a matching layer disposed on the other side of the core layer, so as to achieve refractive index matching from the air to the core layer.

Further, the center of the circle is the center of the core layer, the range of the refractive index of the circular area and the plurality of annular areas is the same, and the distribution of the refractive index n(r) of the core layer satisfies the following formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\frac{\sqrt{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k\&lambda;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; d</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Wherein, n(r) represents the refractive index value at the r place on the core layer sheet;

l is the distance from the feed source to the matching layer close to it, or l is the distance from the feed source to the core layer;

d is the thickness of the core layer,

n _max represents the maximum value of the refractive index on the core layer sheet;

n _min represents the minimum value of the refractive index on the core layer sheet;

floor means rounding down to an integer.

Further, the matching layer includes multiple matching layer sheets, each matching layer sheet has a single refractive index, and the refractive indices of the multiple matching layer sheets of the matching layer all satisfy the following formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Wherein, m represents the total number of layers of the matching layer, and i represents the serial number of the matching layer slice, wherein the serial number of the matching layer slice close to the core layer is m.

Further, each matching ply layer includes a first substrate and a second substrate made of the same material, and air is filled between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Further, the multiple artificial microstructures of each core layer of the core layer have the same shape, the multiple artificial microstructures at the same radius in the circular area and the annular area have the same geometric size, and The geometric size of the artificial microstructure gradually decreases with the increase of the radius in the respective areas of the circular area and the annular area, and the geometric size of the artificial microstructure with the smallest geometric size in the circular area is smaller than that of the adjacent annular area. The geometric size of the largest artificial microstructure is adjacent to two annular regions, and the geometric size of the artificial microstructure with the smallest geometric size in the inner annular region is smaller than the geometric size of the largest artificial microstructure in the outer annular region .

Further, the diverging element is a concave lens.

Further, the divergent element is a divergent metamaterial panel, and the divergent metamaterial panel includes at least one divergent sheet layer, the refractive index of the divergent sheet layer is distributed in a circle with its center as the center, and the refraction at the same radius The refractive index is the same, and the refractive index increases gradually with the increase of the radius.

According to the feed-forward satellite TV antenna of the present invention, the traditional parabolic antenna is replaced by a sheet-shaped metamaterial panel, and the manufacturing process is easier and the cost is lower. Moreover, a diverging element with electromagnetic wave divergence function is also arranged between the metamaterial panel and the feed source, so that when the range of the feed source receiving electromagnetic waves is certain (that is, the range of receiving electromagnetic wave radiation of the metamaterial panel is certain) , the distance between the feed source and the metamaterial panel can be reduced, so that the volume of the antenna can be reduced while the receiving electromagnetic range of the antenna remains unchanged.

The present invention also provides a satellite TV receiving system, including a feed source, a tuner and a satellite receiver, the satellite TV receiving system also includes the above-mentioned feed-forward satellite TV antenna, and the feed-forward satellite TV antenna is set behind the feed.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of feed-forward type satellite TV antenna of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a metamaterial unit in one form of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the refractive index distribution of the core layer sheet of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a core layer sheet of a form of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a matching layer of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the refractive index distribution of the diverging sheet of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a divergent sheet in one form of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a front view after removing the base material in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a diverging metamaterial panel having a plurality of diverging sheets as shown in Fig. 7;

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of another form of divergent sheet of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a diverging metamaterial panel with multiple diverging sheets as shown in FIG. 10 .

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, according to the present invention, the feed-forward satellite TV antenna includes a diverging element 200 with an electromagnetic wave diverging function arranged behind the feed source 1, and a metamaterial panel 100 arranged behind the diverging element 200, said The metamaterial panel 100 includes a core layer 10 and a reflection plate 200 disposed on one side surface of the core layer 10, the core layer 10 includes at least one core layer sheet 11, and the core layer sheet includes a sheet-shaped substrate 13 and A plurality of artificial microstructures 12 arranged on the substrate 13, the core layer 11 can be divided into a circular area Y located in the middle and a circular area Y distributed around the circular area Y and connected to the circular area Y according to the refractive index distribution. A plurality of annular areas with the same center (indicated by H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 respectively in the figure), the refractive index of the circular area Y and the same radius in the annular area are the same, and in the circular area and the annular area The refractive index of each area decreases gradually with the increase of the radius, and the minimum value of the refractive index of the circular area is smaller than the maximum value of the refractive index of the adjacent annular area, and the adjacent two annular areas are in the The minimum value of the refractive index of the inner annular region is lower than the maximum value of the refractive index of the outer annular region. The division of the core layer 11 into circular regions and multiple annular regions according to the refractive index is for better description of the present invention, which does not mean that the core layer 11 of the present invention has such an actual structure. In the present invention, the feed source 1 is arranged on the central axis of the metamaterial panel, that is, the line connecting the feed source and the center of the core layer sheet 11 coincides with the central axis of the metamaterial panel. Both the feed source 1 and the metamaterial panel 100 are supported by brackets, which are not shown in the figure, which is not the core of the present invention, and traditional support methods can be used. In addition, the feed source is preferably a horn antenna. The ring here includes both the complete ring area in FIG. 3 and the incomplete ring area in FIG. 3 . The core layer sheet 11 in the figure is in the shape of a square, of course, it can also be in other shapes, such as a cylinder, and when it is in the shape of a cylinder, all the annular areas can be complete annular areas. In addition, in FIG. 3 , there may be no annular regions H4 and H5 , and at this time, H4 and H5 may have a uniform refractive index distribution (that is, no artificial microstructures are provided at the positions of H4 and H5 ). In addition, the reflection plate is a metal reflection plate with a smooth surface, such as a polished copper plate, aluminum plate, or iron plate.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 , the core layer 10 includes a plurality of core layer sheets 11 with the same refractive index distribution and parallel to each other. A plurality of core layer sheets 11 are closely attached, and can be bonded to each other by double-sided adhesive tape, or fixedly connected by bolts or the like. In addition, the adjacent core layer 11 also includes a filling layer 15 , which can be air or other dielectric plates, preferably a plate-shaped piece made of the same material as the base material 13 . The substrate 13 of each core layer sheet 11 can be divided into a plurality of identical metamaterial units D, and each metamaterial unit D is composed of an artificial microstructure 12, a unit base material V and a unit filling layer W, and each core layer Sheet 11 has only one metamaterial unit D in the thickness direction. Each metamaterial unit D can be exactly the same square, it can be a cube, or a cuboid, and the length, width, and height of each metamaterial unit D are not greater than one-fifth of the incident electromagnetic wave wavelength (usually incident electromagnetic wave one-tenth of the wavelength), so that the entire core layer has a continuous electric and/or magnetic field response to electromagnetic waves. Preferably, the metamaterial unit D is a cube whose side length is one tenth of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave. Of course, the thickness of the filling layer can be adjusted, and its minimum value can reach 0, that is to say, no filling layer is needed. In this case, the base material and the artificial microstructure form a metamaterial unit, that is, the metamaterial unit D at this time The thickness is equal to the thickness of the unit substrate V plus the thickness of the artificial microstructure, but at this time, the thickness of the metamaterial unit D also meets the requirement of one-tenth of the wavelength. Therefore, in fact, when the thickness of the metamaterial unit D is selected In the case of one-tenth of the wavelength, the greater the thickness of the unit substrate V, the smaller the thickness of the unit filling layer W. Of course, the optimal situation is the situation shown in Figure 2, that is, the unit base The thickness of the material V is equal to the thickness of the cell filling layer W, and the material of the cell substrate V is the same as that of the filling layer W.

The artificial microstructure 12 of the present invention is preferably a metal microstructure composed of one or more metal wires. The metal wire itself has a certain width and thickness. The metal microstructure of the present invention is preferably a metal microstructure with isotropic electromagnetic parameters, such as the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure as shown in FIG. 2 .

For artificial microstructures with a planar structure, isotropy means that for any electromagnetic wave incident on the two-dimensional plane at any angle, the electric field response and magnetic field response of the artificial microstructure on the plane are the same, and That is, the permittivity and permeability are the same; for artificial microstructures with three-dimensional structures, isotropy refers to the electric field response and The magnetic field response is the same for all. When the artificial microstructure is a 90-degree rotationally symmetrical structure, the artificial microstructure has isotropic characteristics.

For a two-dimensional planar structure, 90-degree rotational symmetry means that it coincides with the original structure after being arbitrarily rotated 90 degrees on the plane around a rotation axis perpendicular to the plane and passing through its center of symmetry; for a three-dimensional structure, if there are two perpendicular And there are three rotation axes at the intersection point (the intersection point is the center of rotation), so that after the structure is rotated 90 degrees around any rotation axis, it will coincide with the original structure or be symmetrical with the original structure at an interface, then the structure is 90-degree rotational symmetry structure.

The plane snowflake-like metal microstructure shown in Figure 2 is a form of isotropic artificial microstructure, and the described snowflake-like metal microstructure has a first metal line 121 and a second metal line that are perpendicular to each other and bisect each other. 122, the two ends of the first metal line 121 are connected to two first metal branches 1211 of the same length, the two ends of the first metal line 121 are connected to the midpoint of the two first metal branches 1211, the first Both ends of the two metal lines 122 are connected to two second metal branches 1221 of the same length, and the two ends of the second metal line 122 are connected to the midpoint of the two second metal branches 1221 .

其中μ为相对磁导率，ε为相对介电常数，μ与ε合称为电磁参数。实验证明，电磁波通过折射率非均匀的介质材料时，会向折射率大的方向偏折（向折射率大的超材料单元偏折）。因此，本发明的核心层对电磁波具有汇聚作用，卫星发出的电磁波首先通过核心层的第一次汇聚作用，经过反射板反射，再通过核心层的第二次汇聚作用，因此，合理设计核心层的折射率分布，可以使得卫星发出的电磁波依次经过第一次汇聚、反射板反射及第二汇聚后，可以汇聚到馈源上。在基材的材料以及填充层的材料选定的情况下，可以通过设计人造微结构的形状、几何尺寸和/或人造微结构在基材上的排布获得超材料内部的电磁参数分布，从而设计出每一超材料单元的折射率。首先从超材料所需要的效果出发计算出超材料内部的电磁参数空间分布（即每一超材料单元的电磁参数），根据电磁参数的空间分布来选择每一超材料单元上的人造微结构的形状、几何尺寸（计算机中事先存放有多种人造微结构数据），对每一超材料单元的设计可以用穷举法，例如先选定一个具有特定形状的人造微结构，计算电磁参数，将得到的结果和我们想要的对比，循环多次，一直到找到我们想要的电磁参数为止，若找到了，则完成了人造微结构的设计参数选择；若没找到，则换一种形状的人造微结构，重复上面的循环，一直到找到我们想要的电磁参数为止。如果还是未找到，则上述过程也不会停止。也就是说只有找到了我们需要的电磁参数的人造微结构，程序才会停止。由于这个过程都是由计算机完成的，因此，看似复杂，其实很快就能完成。known refractive index

Among them, μ is the relative magnetic permeability, ε is the relative permittivity, and μ and ε are collectively called electromagnetic parameters. Experiments have proved that when electromagnetic waves pass through a dielectric material with a non-uniform refractive index, they will be deflected toward a direction with a large refractive index (towards a metamaterial unit with a large refractive index). Therefore, the core layer of the present invention has a converging effect on electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic waves sent by the satellite first pass through the first converging effect of the core layer, reflect through the reflector, and then pass through the second converging effect of the core layer. Therefore, the rational design of the core layer The distribution of the refractive index can make the electromagnetic waves emitted by the satellite converge on the feed source after the first convergence, the reflection of the reflector and the second convergence in sequence. When the material of the substrate and the material of the filling layer are selected, the electromagnetic parameter distribution inside the metamaterial can be obtained by designing the shape, geometric size and/or arrangement of the artificial microstructure on the substrate, thereby The refractive index of each metamaterial unit is designed. Firstly, the spatial distribution of electromagnetic parameters inside the metamaterial (that is, the electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial unit) is calculated from the effect required by the metamaterial, and the artificial microstructure on each metamaterial unit is selected according to the spatial distribution of electromagnetic parameters. Shape, geometric size (multiple artificial microstructure data are stored in the computer in advance), the design of each metamaterial unit can be exhaustive, for example, first select an artificial microstructure with a specific shape, calculate the electromagnetic parameters, and The obtained result is compared with what we want, and the cycle is repeated several times until the electromagnetic parameters we want are found. If found, the design parameter selection of the artificial microstructure is completed; if not found, change to another shape. Artificial microstructure, repeat the above cycle until we find the electromagnetic parameters we want. If it is still not found, the above process will not stop. That is to say, the program will stop only when an artificial microstructure with the electromagnetic parameters we need is found. Since this process is completed by a computer, it may seem complicated, but it can be completed very quickly.

In the present invention, the base material of the core layer is made of ceramic material, polymer material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material. Polymer materials can be selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy resin, F4B composite material, FR-4 composite material, etc. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene has very good electrical insulation, so it will not interfere with the electric field of electromagnetic waves, and has excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, and long service life.

In the present invention, the metal microstructure is metal wires such as copper wires or silver wires. The above metal wires can be attached to the substrate by etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electron etching or ion etching. Of course, three-dimensional laser processing technology can also be used.

其中μ为相对磁导率，ε为相对介电常数，μ与ε合称为电磁参数。我们知道空气的折射率为1，因此，这样设计匹配层，即靠近空气的一侧的折射率与空气基本相同，靠近核心层的一侧的折射率与其相接的核心层片层折射率基本相同。这样，就实现了从空气到核心层的折射率匹配，减小了反射，即能量损失可以大大的降低，这样电磁波可以传输的更远。As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic structural diagram of the metamaterial panel of the first embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the metamaterial panel also includes a matching layer 20 arranged on the other side of the core layer to realize Refractive index matching to the core layer 10. We know that the greater the difference in refractive index between media, the greater the reflection of electromagnetic waves from one medium to another, and the greater the reflection, it means energy loss. At this time, the matching of refractive index is required. Known refraction Rate

Among them, μ is the relative magnetic permeability, ε is the relative permittivity, and μ and ε are collectively called electromagnetic parameters. We know that the refractive index of air is 1. Therefore, the matching layer is designed in such a way that the refractive index of the side close to the air is basically the same as that of the air, and the refractive index of the side close to the core layer is basically the same as that of the adjacent core layer. same. In this way, the refractive index matching from the air to the core layer is realized, and the reflection is reduced, that is, the energy loss can be greatly reduced, so that the electromagnetic wave can be transmitted farther.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the center of the circular region Y is the center O of the core layer 11, and the refractive index variation range of the circular region Y and the plurality of annular regions is the same, The refractive index n(r) distribution of the core layer sheet 11 satisfies the following formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\frac{\sqrt{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k\&lambda;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; d</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Among them, n(r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the core layer sheet; that is, the refractive index of the metamaterial unit whose radius is r on the core layer sheet; the radius here refers to the base material of each unit The distance from the midpoint of V to the center O (circle center) of the core layer, the midpoint of the unit substrate V here refers to the midpoint of a surface on the same plane as the unit substrate V and the midpoint O.

l is the distance from the feed source 1 to the matching layer 20 close to it;

d is the thickness of the core layer,

n _max represents the maximum value of the refractive index on the core layer sheet 11;

n _min represents the minimum value of the refractive index on the core layer sheet 11; the refractive index variation range of the circular area Y and the multiple annular areas is the same, which means that the circular area Y and the multiple annular areas have the same refractive index. It decreases continuously from n _max to n _min from inside to outside. As an example, n _max can take a value of 6, and n _min can take a value of 1, that is, the refractive index of the circular area Y and the multiple annular areas decrease continuously from 6 to 1 from inside to outside.

floor表示向下取整数；k可以用来表示圆形区域及环形区域的编号，当k=0，表示圆形区域，当k=1时，表示与圆形区域相邻的第一个环形区域；当k=2时，表示第一个环形区域相邻的第二个环形区域；以此类推。即r的最大值确定了有多少个环形区域。每一核心层片层的厚度通常是一定的（通常是入射电磁波波长的十分之一），这样，在核心层形状选定的情况下（可以是圆柱形或方形），核心层片层的尺寸就可以得到确定。

floor means rounding down to an integer; k can be used to indicate the number of the circular area and the circular area. When k=0, it means the circular area. When k=1, it means the first circular area adjacent to the circular area. ; When k=2, it means the second annular area adjacent to the first annular area; and so on. That is, the maximum value of r determines how many annular regions there are. The thickness of each core layer sheet is usually certain (usually one-tenth of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave), so that when the core layer shape is selected (it can be cylindrical or square), the thickness of the core layer sheet size can be determined.

The core layer 10 determined by formula (1), formula (2) and formula (3) can ensure that the electromagnetic waves emitted by the satellite converge to the feed source. This can be obtained by computer simulation, or by using the principle of optics (that is, using the calculation of equal optical paths).

In this embodiment, the thickness of the core layer sheet 11 is constant, usually less than one-fifth of the wavelength λ of the incident electromagnetic wave, preferably one-tenth of the wavelength λ of the incident electromagnetic wave. Like this, when designing, if the number of layers of the core layer sheet 11 is selected, the thickness d of the core layer has just been determined, therefore, for the feed-forward satellite TV antennas (different wavelengths) of different frequencies, by the formula ( 2) We know that by designing the value of (n _max -n _min ) reasonably, we can get a feed-forward satellite TV antenna of any desired frequency. For example, C-band and Ku-band. The frequency range of the C-band is 3400MHz ~ 4200MHz. The frequency of the Ku band is 10.7-12.75 GHz, which can be divided into frequency bands such as 10.7-11.7 GHz, 11.7-12.2 GHz, and 12.2-12.75 GHz.

As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the matching layer 20 includes a plurality of matching layer sheets 21, each matching layer sheet 21 has a single refractive index, and the matching layer sheets of the matching layer The refractive index satisfies the following formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

Wherein, m represents the total number of layers of the matching layer, and i represents the serial number of the matching layer slice, wherein the serial number of the matching layer slice close to the core layer is m. From formula (4), we can see that the setting of the matching layer (the total number of layers m) is directly related to the maximum refractive index n _max and the minimum refractive index n _min of the core layer; when i=1, it means that the first layer Refractive index, since it is basically equal to the refractive index 1 of air, therefore, as long as n _max and n _min are determined, the total number of layers m can be determined.

The matching layer 20 can be made of a plurality of materials with a single refractive index existing in nature, or a matching layer as shown in Figure 5, which includes a plurality of matching layer sheets 21, each matching layer sheet It includes a first substrate 22 and a second substrate 23 made of the same material, and air is filled between the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 . By controlling the ratio of the volume of the air to the volume of the matching layer 21, the change of the refractive index from 1 (refractive index of air) to the refractive index of the first substrate can be realized, so that the refraction of each matching layer can be reasonably designed ratio to achieve refractive index matching from the air to the core layer.

Fig. 4 is a core layer sheet 11 of a form, and a plurality of artificial microstructures 12 of each core layer sheet 11 of the described core layer are identical in shape, and are all plane snowflake-shaped metal microstructures, and the metal microstructures The central point coincides with the midpoint of the unit substrate V, and a plurality of artificial microstructures at the same radius in the circular area and the annular area have the same geometric size, and in the respective areas of the circular area and the annular area The geometric size of the artificial microstructure 12 gradually decreases as the radius increases, and the geometric size of the artificial microstructure with the smallest geometric size in the circular area is smaller than the geometric size of the largest artificial microstructure in the adjacent annular area, Adjacent to two annular regions, the geometric size of the artificial microstructure with the smallest geometric size in the inner annular region is smaller than the geometric size of the largest artificial microstructure in the outer annular region. Since the refractive index of each metamaterial unit decreases gradually as the size of the metal microstructure decreases, the larger the geometric size of the artificial microstructure, the greater its corresponding refractive index. Therefore, in this way, it can be realized The refractive index distribution of the core layer slices is distributed according to the formula (1).

According to different requirements (different electromagnetic waves), and different design requirements, the core layer 10 may include core layer sheets 11 as shown in FIG. 4 with different numbers of layers.

The present invention also has a second embodiment, the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that l in the distribution formula of the refractive index n(r) of the core layer sheet 11 represents the distance from the feed source to the core layer (the first In the embodiment, l represents the distance from the feed source to the matching layer close to it).

In the present invention, the diverging element 200 can be a concave lens or the diverging metamaterial panel 300 shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. As shown in Figure 6, the refractive index of the diverging sheet 301 is distributed circularly with its center O3 as the center, and the refractive index at the same radius is the same, and the refractive index gradually increases with the increase of the radius. A divergent element with electromagnetic wave divergence function is set between the metamaterial panel and the feed source. In this way, when the range of the feed source receiving electromagnetic waves is certain (that is, the range of receiving electromagnetic wave radiation of the metamaterial panel is certain), it can be reduced. The distance between the feed source and the metamaterial panel reduces the size of the antenna while keeping the electromagnetic receiving range of the antenna unchanged.

The distribution law of the refractive index on the divergent sheet 301 can be a linear change, that is, n _R =n _min +KR, K is a constant, R is the radius (with the center O3 of the divergent sheet 301 as the center), and n _min is the divergent sheet The minimum value of the refractive index on 301 is the refractive index at the center O3 of the diverging sheet 301 . In addition, the distribution law of the refractive index on the diverging sheet 301 can also be a square rate change, that is, n _R =n _min +KR ² ; or a cubic rate change, that is, n _R =n _min +KR ³ ; or a ghost function change, That is, n _R =n _min *K ^R and so on.

Fig. 7 is a kind of divergent sheet layer 400 that realizes the refractive index distribution shown in Fig. 6, as shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. The metal microstructure 402 on the top and the support layer 403 covering the metal microstructure 402, the divergent sheet layer 400 can be divided into a plurality of identical first divergent units 404, and each first divergent unit includes a metal microstructure 402 and its occupied The substrate unit 405 and the supporting layer unit 406, each diverging sheet layer 400 has only one first diverging unit 404 in the thickness direction, each first diverging unit 404 can be exactly the same square, it can be a cube, it can also be a cuboid , the length, width, and height of each first diverging unit 404 are not greater than one-fifth of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave (usually one-tenth of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave), so that the entire diverging sheet has a continuous electric field for the electromagnetic wave and/or magnetic field response. Preferably, the first diverging unit 404 is a cube whose side length is one tenth of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave. Preferably, the structural form of the first diverging unit 404 of the present invention is the same as that of the metamaterial unit D shown in FIG. 2 .

Fig. 8 shows the front view of Fig. 7 after removing the base material. From Fig. 8, it can be clearly seen that the spatial arrangement of a plurality of metal microstructures 402 is centered on the center O3 of the diverging sheet 400 (the O3 here is in At the midpoint of the middlemost metal microstructure), the metal microstructures 402 on the same radius have the same geometric size, and the geometric size of the metal microstructures 402 gradually increases as the radius increases. The radius here refers to the distance from the center of each metal microstructure 402 to the center O3 of the diverging sheet 400 .

The substrate 401 of the divergent sheet layer 400 is made of ceramic material, polymer material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material. Polymer materials can be selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy resin, F4B composite material, FR-4 composite material, etc. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene has very good electrical insulation, so it will not interfere with the electric field of electromagnetic waves, and has excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, and long service life.

The metal microstructure 402 is metal wires such as copper wires or silver wires. The above metal wires can be attached to the substrate by etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electron etching or ion etching. Of course, three-dimensional laser processing technology can also be used. The metal microstructure 402 may adopt a planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure as shown in FIG. 8 . Of course, it can also be a derivative structure of a planar snowflake-like metal microstructure. Also can be metal wires such as " I " font, " ten " font.

FIG. 9 shows a diffuse metamaterial panel 300 formed using a plurality of diffuse sheets 400 shown in FIG. 7 . There are three layers in the figure. Of course, according to different needs, the divergent metamaterial panel 300 can be composed of divergent sheets 400 of other layers. The plurality of divergent sheet layers 400 are closely attached, and can be bonded to each other by double-sided adhesive tape, or fixedly connected by bolts or the like. In addition, matching layers as shown in FIG. 5 can also be provided on both sides of the divergent metamaterial panel 300 shown in FIG. 9 to achieve matching of refractive index, reduce reflection of electromagnetic waves, and enhance signal reception.

Fig. 10 is another form of divergent sheet layer 500 that realizes the refractive index distribution shown in Fig. 6. The divergent sheet layer 500 includes a sheet-shaped substrate 501 and an artificial hole structure 502 arranged on the substrate 501. The sheet layer 500 can be divided into a plurality of identical second diverging units 504, each second diverging unit 504 includes an artificial pore structure 502 and a substrate unit 505 occupied by it, each diverging sheet layer 500 has only A second diverging unit 504, each second diverging unit 504 can be exactly the same block, can be a cube, also can be a cuboid, the length, width and height of each second diverging unit 504 are not greater than five times the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave One-tenth of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave (usually one-tenth of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave), so that the entire diverging sheet has a continuous electric and/or magnetic field response to the electromagnetic wave. Preferably, the second diverging unit 504 is a cube whose side length is one tenth of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave.

As shown in Figure 10, the man-made hole structures on the diverging sheet 500 are all cylindrical holes, with the center O3 of the diverging sheet 500 as the center (the O3 here is on the central axis of the most middle man-made hole structure), the same The artificial pore structure 502 on the radius has the same volume, and the volume of the artificial pore structure 402 gradually decreases as the radius increases. The radius here refers to the vertical distance from the central axis of each artificial pore structure 502 to the central axis of the man-made pore structure in the middle of the diverging sheet 500 . Therefore, when each cylindrical hole is filled with a dielectric material (such as air) with a lower refractive index than the substrate, the refractive index distribution shown in FIG. 6 can be realized. Of course, if the center O3 of the diverging sheet 500 is the center, the artificial hole structure 502 on the same radius has the same volume, and the volume of the artificial hole structure 402 gradually increases with the increase of the radius, then it is necessary to The refractive index distribution shown in Figure 6 can only be achieved by filling the medium with a dielectric material whose refractive index is greater than that of the substrate.

Of course, the divergent sheet layer is not limited to the above-mentioned form, for example, each artificial hole structure can be divided into several unit holes with the same volume, and the number of unit holes on each substrate unit is used to control the number of second divergent units. The volume of the artificial pore structure on it can also achieve the same purpose. For another example, the divergent sheet layer can also be in the following form, that is, all the artificial pore structures of the same divergent sheet layer have the same volume, but the refractive index of the medium it fills satisfies the distribution shown in Figure 6, that is, the filled medium on the same radius The refractive index of the material is the same, and the refractive index of the filled medium material decreases gradually with the increase of the radius.

The base material 501 of the divergent sheet layer 500 is made of ceramic material, polymer material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material. Polymer materials can be selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy resin, F4B composite material, FR-4 composite material, etc. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene has very good electrical insulation, so it will not interfere with the electric field of electromagnetic waves, and has excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, and long service life.

The artificial pore structure 502 can be formed on the substrate by high temperature sintering, injection molding, stamping or numerical control drilling. Of course, for substrates of different materials, the ways of generating the artificial pore structure will also be different. For example, when ceramic materials are selected as the substrate, it is preferable to use high-temperature sintering to generate the artificial pore structure on the substrate. When a polymer material is selected as the base material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene or epoxy resin, it is preferable to form an artificial pore structure on the base material by injection molding or stamping.

The aforementioned artificial hole structure 502 may be one or a combination of cylindrical holes, conical holes, conical holes, trapezoidal holes or square holes. Of course, other types of holes are also possible. The shape of the artificial hole structure on each second diverging unit can be the same or different according to different needs. Of course, for easier processing and manufacturing, the entire metamaterial preferably uses holes of the same shape.

FIG. 11 shows a diverging metamaterial panel 300 formed using a plurality of diverging sheets 500 shown in FIG. 10 . There are three layers in the figure. Of course, according to different needs, the divergent metamaterial panel 300 can be composed of divergent sheets 500 of other layers. The plurality of diverging sheet layers 500 are closely attached, and can be bonded to each other by double-sided adhesive tape, or fixedly connected by bolts or the like. In addition, matching layers as shown in FIG. 5 can also be provided on both sides of the divergent metamaterial panel 300 shown in FIG. 11 to achieve matching of refractive index, reduce reflection of electromagnetic waves, and enhance signal reception.

In addition, the present invention also provides a satellite TV receiving system, including a feed source, a tuner and a satellite receiver, and the satellite TV receiving system also includes the above-mentioned feed-forward satellite TV antenna, the front The feeding satellite TV antenna is set behind the feeding source.

Feed source, tuner and satellite receiver are all existing technologies, and will not be described here.

Embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, and the above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative, rather than restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the enlightenment of the present invention, many forms can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of feed-forward satellite TV antenna, it is characterized in that, described feed-forward satellite TV antenna comprises the divergent element with the electromagnetic wave divergence function that is arranged on the feed source rear and the metamaterial panel that is arranged on the divergent element rear, described The metamaterial panel includes a core layer and a reflection plate arranged on one side of the core layer, the core layer includes at least one core layer sheet, and the core layer sheet includes a sheet-shaped substrate and multiple According to the distribution of refractive index, the core layer can be divided into a circular area in the middle and a plurality of annular areas distributed around the circular area and having the same center as the circular area. The refractive index at the same radius in the circular area and the annular area is the same, and the refractive index gradually decreases with the increase of the radius in the respective areas of the circular area and the annular area, and the minimum value of the refractive index of the circular area is less than The maximum value of the refractive index of the adjacent ring-shaped area, two adjacent ring-shaped areas, the minimum value of the refractive index of the inner ring-shaped area is smaller than the maximum value of the refractive index of the outer ring-shaped area. 2 . The feed-forward satellite TV antenna according to claim 1 , wherein the core layer further comprises a filling layer covering artificial microstructures. 3 . 3 . The feed-forward satellite TV antenna according to claim 2 , wherein the core layer comprises a plurality of core layer layers with the same refractive index distribution and parallel to each other. 4 . 4. The feed-forward satellite TV antenna according to claim 3, wherein the metamaterial panel further comprises a matching layer disposed on the other side of the core layer, so as to achieve refractive index matching from the air to the core layer. 5. feed-forward satellite television antenna according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described center of circle is the center of core layer sheet, and the range of refractive index variation of described circular area and a plurality of annular areas is identical, all is Continuously decreasing from n _max to n _min from the inside to the outside, the refractive index n(r) distribution of the core layer sheet satisfies the following formula: $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\frac{\sqrt{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k\&lambda;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; d</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$ Wherein, n(r) represents the refractive index value at the place where the radius on the core layer sheet is r; the radius here refers to the distance from the midpoint of each unit substrate to the center of the core layer sheet, and the unit base here The midpoint of the material refers to the midpoint of a surface on the same plane as the unit substrate and the center of the core layer sheet, where λ is the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave; l is the distance from the feed source to the matching layer close to it, or l is the distance from the feed source to the core layer; d is the thickness of the core layer, $d=\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{2({\mathrm{no}}_{\max }-{\mathrm{no}}_{\min })};$ n _max represents the maximum value of the refractive index on the core layer sheet; n _min represents the minimum value of the refractive index on the core layer sheet; $k=\mathrm{floor}\left(\frac{\sqrt{l^2+r^2}-l}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}\right),$ floor means rounding down to an integer. 6. The feed-forward satellite TV antenna according to claim 5, wherein the matching layer comprises a plurality of matching layer layers, each matching layer layer has a single refractive index, and the plurality of matching layers The refractive index of each matching layer satisfies the following formula: $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$ Wherein, m represents the total number of layers of the matching layer, and i represents the serial number of the matching layer slice, wherein the serial number of the matching layer slice close to the core layer is m. 7. The feed-forward satellite TV antenna according to claim 6, wherein each of the matching layers comprises a first substrate and a second substrate of the same material, and the difference between the first substrate and the second substrate is fill with air. 8. The feed-forward satellite TV antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that, a plurality of artificial microstructures of each core layer sheet of the core layer have the same shape, and the circular area and multiple artificial microstructures at the same radius in the annular area have the same geometric size, and in the respective areas of the circular area and the annular area, the geometric dimensions of the artificial microstructures gradually decrease with the increase of the radius, the circle The geometric size of the artificial microstructure with the smallest geometric size in the circular area is smaller than the geometric size of the artificial microstructure with the largest geometric size in the adjacent annular area. If there are two adjacent annular areas, the artificial microstructure with the smallest geometric size in the inner annular area The geometric size of the microstructure is smaller than the geometric size of the largest artificial microstructure in the outer annular region. 9. The feed-forward satellite TV antenna according to claim 1, wherein the diverging element is a concave lens. 10. The feed-forward satellite TV antenna according to claim 1, wherein the divergent element is a divergent metamaterial panel, and the divergent metamaterial panel includes at least one divergent sheet layer, and the refraction of the divergent sheet layer The refractive index is distributed circularly with its center as the center, and the refractive index at the same radius is the same, and the refractive index increases gradually with the increase of the radius. 11. A satellite TV receiving system, comprising a feed source, a tuner and a satellite receiver, characterized in that, said satellite TV receiving system also includes a feed-forward satellite TV as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 Antenna, the feed-forward satellite TV antenna is arranged behind the feed source.

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