CN102482949B - Power cycle system and power cycle method - Google Patents
Power cycle system and power cycle method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102482949B CN102482949B CN200980159052.0A CN200980159052A CN102482949B CN 102482949 B CN102482949 B CN 102482949B CN 200980159052 A CN200980159052 A CN 200980159052A CN 102482949 B CN102482949 B CN 102482949B
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
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- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910001623 magnesium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;bromide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[Br-] IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/005—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant by means of a heat pump
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
A power cycle system includes a steam turbine or a screw expansion power machine (200) having an inlet pipe (240) and an exhaust pipe (230), a generator (10) which contains absorbent solution inside and has a generation heat exchanger (11) for heating the absorbent solution to produce steam of an absorbent cycling working medium, wherein an inlet of the generation heat exchanger is connected with the exhaust pipe of the steam turbine, an absorber (20) which contains the absorbent solution inside and has an absorption heat exchanger, wherein an inlet of the absorption heat exchanger is connected with an outlet of the generation heat exchanger, an outlet of the absorption heat exchanger is connected with the inlet pipe of the steam turbine, a connection pipe is placed between the generator and the absorber, and an absorbent crystallizer (30); which includes an inlet of the crystallizer's absorbent solution, an outlet of the absorbent solution after crystallization and an outlet of the solution containing absorbent crystals. The power cycle system improves the heat efficiency and the generating efficiency of the power cycle considerably by reclaiming the condensation heat of the steam discharged by the steam turbine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power circulation technology in the field of thermal energy engineering, in particular to a power circulation system and a power circulation method for circularly fusing an absorption heat pump into power circulation.
Background
Steam turbine generators are one of the main ways of generating electricity from conventional heat engines. The operating principle of the Rankine cycle-based turbogenerator is that high-temperature and high-pressure steam is used as inlet steam to drive a steam turbine and drive a generator to generate electricity, and the steam is expanded to apply work to form low-pressure exhaust steam to be discharged from the steam turbine. The discharged steam enters a condenser to release heat to cooling water and is condensed into water, the water is pressurized and sent into a boiler by a water feeding pump, and the water is heated and evaporated in the boiler to form high-temperature high-pressure steam, so that circulation is completed. As described above, since a large amount of latent heat of condensation is discharged to the outside of the working medium (exhaust gas) through the condenser in the rankine cycle, the thermal efficiency of the rankine cycle, that is, the power generation efficiency of the steam turbine is low, and is generally on the level of 10 to 40%, and the power generation efficiency is lowered as the intake temperature and pressure are lowered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems of low thermal efficiency and high energy grade of a required heat source of the existing heat engine power generation system, particularly a steam turbine generator unit, and provides a novel power circulation method and a power circulation system, aiming to solve the technical problem of converting the heat of various external heat sources including high, medium and low grade into power or electric power with high efficiency, thereby realizing a novel clean and high-efficiency heat engine power circulation technology, being more practical and having industrial utilization value.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme. According to the present invention, a power cycle system is provided, which includes: the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine is used for doing work or generating electricity under the drive of steam and is provided with an air inlet pipeline and an air outlet pipeline; the generator is internally provided with absorption solution and a generating heat exchanger, the generating heat exchanger is used for heating the absorption solution to generate absorption cycle working medium steam, and an inlet of the generating heat exchanger is connected with an exhaust pipeline of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine; the absorption heat exchanger is used for heating power cycle working medium to generate high-temperature and high-pressure power cycle working medium steam, an inlet of the absorption heat exchanger is connected to an outlet of the generation heat exchanger, and an outlet of the absorption heat exchanger is connected to an air inlet pipeline of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine; the generator and the absorber are provided with communicating pipelines; an absorbent crystallizer for cooling the absorption solution from the generator and/or the absorption solution from the absorber to form a crystallized absorption solution and absorbent crystals, the crystallized absorption solution being fed to the generator, the absorbent crystals or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystals being fed to the absorber, comprising: the crystallizer absorption solution inlet is connected with the absorber absorption solution outlet and the generator solution outlet through pipelines; an absorbing solution outlet after crystallization of the crystallizer is connected with an absorbing solution inlet of the generator through a pipeline; and a crystallization solution containing outlet connected to the absorption solution inlet of the absorber through a pipeline.
The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.
Preferably, in the power cycle system, at least one of the exhaust duct of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine and the intake duct of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine is provided with a heater.
Preferably, in the power cycle system, the heater is a heat exchanger, a regenerative heater, a solar collector or a burner.
Preferably, the power cycle system further comprises an absorption solution self-heat exchanger, which is arranged on a pipeline connecting the absorbent crystallizer with the generator and the absorber, and is used for heat exchange between the absorption solution after crystallization and/or the absorption agent crystallization or the absorption solution containing the absorption agent crystallization and the absorption solution from the generator and/or the absorption solution from the absorber. After crystallization, the solution was absorbed.
Preferably, the power cycle system further includes: and the absorption solution self-heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the absorption solution from the absorber and the crystallized absorption solution from the absorbent crystallizer.
Preferably, the power cycle system further includes: the absorption solution self-heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the absorption solution from the absorber and the absorption solution from the absorbent crystallizer or containing the absorbent crystals.
Preferably, the power cycle system further includes: the absorption solution self-heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the absorption solution from the absorber and the absorption solution after crystallization from the absorbent crystallizer and the absorbent crystallization or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystallization.
Preferably, in the power cycle system, the absorption solution from the generator and the absorption solution from the absorber are mixed and then enter the absorption solution self-heat exchanger to exchange heat with the absorption solution from the absorbent crystallizer and the absorbent crystals or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystals.
Preferably, the power cycle system further comprises a generator for generating the absorbing solution, wherein the concentration of the absorbing solution in the generator is lower than the concentration of the absorbing solution in the absorber.
Preferably, in the power cycle system, the absorbent of the absorption solution is LiBr, LiCl, LiNO3、Li2SO4、ZnCl2、ZnBr2、NaCl、KCl、Na2SO4、K2SO4、NaBr、KBr、CaCl2And MgBr2One or a mixture of several of them.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme. The power cycle method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) in the absorber, the high-concentration absorption solution absorbs the absorption cycle working medium steam from the generator, and releases absorption heat to heat the power cycle working medium in the absorption heat exchanger, so that the power cycle working medium steam with high temperature and high pressure is generated;
(2) the power cycle working medium steam is led into a steam turbine or a screw expansion power machine to drive the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine to do work or generate electricity outwards;
(3) the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine discharges low-temperature and low-pressure power cycle working medium steam, the discharged steam is guided into the generating heat exchanger to be condensed, and the condensation heat is released to heat the absorption solution in the generator so as to generate absorption cycle working medium steam;
(4) introducing the absorption cycle working medium steam generated in the generator into an absorber;
(5) and (3) outputting the absorption solution in the absorber and the generator into an absorbent crystallizer, generating absorbent crystals in the crystallizer, carrying out solid-liquid separation, conveying the absorption solution after the crystallization after the solid-liquid separation into the generator, and conveying the solution containing crystals into the absorber.
Preferably, the power cycle method further includes: before the absorption solution after crystallization is conveyed to the generator and before the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorption solution output by the absorber exchanges heat with the absorption solution after crystallization.
Preferably, the power cycle method further includes: before the absorbent crystals are conveyed to the absorber and the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorbent crystals or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystals exchange heat with the absorption solution output by the absorber.
Preferably, the power cycle method further includes: before the absorption solution after crystallization is conveyed to the generator and before the absorbent crystals are conveyed to the absorber, and before the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorption solution output by the absorber exchanges heat with the absorption solution after crystallization and the absorbent crystals or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystals.
Preferably, the power cycle method further includes: before the absorption solution after crystallization is conveyed to the generator and before the absorbent crystals are conveyed to the absorber, and before the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorption solution output by the generator and the absorption solution output by the absorber are mixed to form a mixed absorption solution, and the mixed absorption solution exchanges heat with the absorption solution after crystallization and the absorbent crystals or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystals.
Preferably, in the power cycle method, one or both of the power cycle working medium steam output from the absorption heat exchanger and the power cycle working medium steam exhausted by the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine are heated by an external heat source.
Preferably, in the power cycle method, the external heat source is geothermal heat, solar heat, valley electricity, medium-low temperature waste heat or fuel combustion heat.
Preferably, in the power cycle method, the absorbent crystallizer is cooled by an external cold source.
Preferably, in the power cycle method, the absorbent mass concentration of the absorption solution in the absorber is higher than the absorbent mass concentration of the absorption solution in the generator by more than 7 wt%.
Preferably, in the power cycle method, the saturated vapor pressure of the absorption solution in the generator is higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the absorption solution in the absorber by 0.05kPa or more.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the heat of condensation of the exhaust steam of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine is recycled, so that the heat efficiency and the power generation efficiency of power circulation are obviously improved;
(2) because the exhausted steam is not required to be cooled by using external cold energy, the cooling load of the cooling tower can be greatly reduced, and valuable water resources are remarkably saved;
(3) the device can cleanly and efficiently convert various low-grade energy sources, such as renewable energy sources including solar heat and the like, biomass energy sources including straws, firewood, methane, bioethanol and the like, medium-low temperature waste heat, low-ebb electricity and the like into electric energy.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a power cycle system of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a power cycle system of embodiment 2 of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a power cycle system of embodiment 3 of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a power cycle system of embodiment 4 of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a power cycle system of embodiment 5 of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a power cycle system of embodiment 6 of the invention.
Best mode for carrying out the invention
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects of the power cycle system according to the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a power cycle system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. This power cycle system mainly includes: a steam turbine or screw expansion motor 200, a generator 10, an absorber 20, and an absorbent crystallizer 30. The steam turbine 200 is a device for generating power or doing work under the pushing of steam, and can adopt a device in the prior art. A steam turbine or screw expansion motor 200, having an inlet duct 240 connected to the input and an outlet duct 230 connected to the output, is connected to a generator 210 via a transmission. The generator 210 is driven by a steam turbine or a screw expansion motor to generate electricity. The generator 10, the absorber 20, and the absorbent crystallizer 30 are filled with an absorbent solution, and the absorbent solution is circulated among the three devices. The absorption solution is composed of absorption cycle working medium and absorbent dissolved in the working medium. The absorbent of the absorption solution is LiBr, LiCl or LiNO3、Li2SO4、ZnCl2、ZnBr2、NaCl、KCl、Na2SO4、K2SO4、NaBr、KBr、CaCl2And MgBr2The absorption cycle working medium is one or a mixture of more of water, ammonia, methanol and ethanol.
A generator 10 having an inlet for the generator-crystallized absorbing solution and an outlet for the generator-absorbing solution, and a generator heat exchanger 11 provided in the generator 10. The generator 10 is used for concentrating the absorption solution, namely, heat is provided for the absorption solution in the generator 10 through the generating heat exchanger 11, so that the working medium in the absorption solution in the generator is evaporated to generate working medium steam. A steam pipe 12 is provided between the generator 10 and the absorber 20 for connecting the generator and the absorber, so that the working medium steam generated by the generator 10 can be introduced into the absorber 20. The generator absorption solution outlet may be disposed at the bottom of the generator 10, thereby outputting the concentrated absorption solution to the absorbent crystallizer 30. The generating heat exchanger 11 is used for heating the absorption solution in the generator 10 to generate absorption cycle working medium steam, and an inlet of the generating heat exchanger 11 is connected to an exhaust pipeline 230 of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine. Since the power cycle steam discharged from the steam turbine or screw expansion motor 200 has a saturation temperature higher than the operating temperature of the generator 10, it can be used as a heat source to heat the absorbing solution in the generator by releasing the condensation heat through condensation.
The absorber 20 is provided with an absorber absorption solution inlet and an absorber absorption solution outlet, and an absorption heat exchanger 21 is arranged in the absorber 20. The absorber 20 is used to absorb the vapor of the absorption cycle working medium from the generator 10, and when the high-concentration absorption solution absorbs the working medium, it can release the absorption heat at a higher temperature. The inlet of the absorption heat exchanger 21 is connected to the outlet of the generation heat exchanger 11, and the high-temperature heat generated by the absorption heat is transferred to the power cycle working medium in the absorption heat exchanger 21, so that the power cycle working medium of the liquid is converted into power cycle working medium steam with higher temperature and pressure. The outlet of the absorption heat exchanger 21 is connected to the air inlet pipe 240 of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine, so that the power cycle working medium steam can be introduced into the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine 200, and the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine 200 is driven to do work or further drive the generator 210 to generate electricity. The absorption solution absorbs the absorption cycle working medium steam from the generator 10, and then the concentration of the absorption solution is reduced, and the absorption solution with the reduced concentration is conveyed to the absorbent crystallizer 30 through the outlet of the absorber absorption solution. The concentration of the absorption solution in the absorber is greater than that in the generator, and the greater the concentration difference between the absorption solution and the generator, the better the output power and the energy utilization efficiency of the power cycle system are improved.
An absorbent crystallizer 30, comprising: the crystallizer absorption solution inlet is connected with the absorption solution outlet of the absorber and the absorption solution outlet of the generator through pipelines; an absorbing solution outlet after crystallization of the crystallizer is connected with an absorbing solution inlet of the generator through a pipeline; and a crystallization solution containing outlet connected to the absorption solution inlet of the absorber through a pipeline. The absorbent crystallizer 30 further has a cooling medium circulation device for supplying cooling energy to the absorbent solution in the absorbent crystallizer 30 to lower the temperature of the absorbent solution in the absorbent crystallizer 30, and when the temperature is lower than the crystallization temperature of the absorbent, the absorbent crystals are precipitated. After the sedimentation separation, the absorbent crystals are output to the absorber 20 from the output port of the crystallization-containing solution, and the crystallized absorption solution with the reduced absorbent concentration is conveyed into the generator 10 from the outlet of the crystallized absorption solution of the crystallizer.
The absorption solution forms absorbent crystals and a post-crystallization absorption solution in the absorbent crystallizer 30. The absorbent crystals described in example 1 and the following examples are not limited to being only absorbent crystal particles, and may be an absorbent solution containing absorbent crystal particles.
In this embodiment, a heater 220 is disposed on the air inlet duct 240 for heating the power cycle steam entering the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine, so as to further increase the temperature of the steam introduced into the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine, thereby being beneficial to increase the output power and the exhaust dryness of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine. The heater 220 is a heat exchanger, a heat accumulating type heater, a geothermal type heater, a solar heat collector or a burner. The fuel of the fuel device can be combustible substances such as firewood, coal, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methane, bioethanol, straw or fuel oil. The heater 220 may be a direct heater or a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between a circulating heat medium and heated steam.
The power cycle system formed by the structure forms a closed power cycle working medium circulation loop by the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine, the generating heat exchanger, the absorbing heat exchanger, the heater and the connecting pipeline thereof, and absorbs the absorbing working medium steam generated in the generator by using absorbing solution with higher concentration in the absorber, so that the absorbing heat with higher temperature can be generated, and the power cycle working medium in the absorbing heat exchanger is converted into steam with higher temperature and higher pressure from liquid state. The power cycle working medium steam enters a steam turbine or a screw expansion power machine to do work, so that power is output or a generator is driven to generate electric power. The generator, the absorber crystallizer and the connecting pipeline thereof form a closed circulation loop of the absorber and the absorption cycle working medium, so that the concentration of the absorption solution in the absorber can be increased and the concentration of the absorption solution in the generator can be reduced, and the absorption cycle working medium is transmitted from the generator to the absorber in a steam state between the generator and the absorber and returns to the generator in a liquid state from the absorber for circulation. Through the two circulations, the heat provided by the heater can be used for acting of a steam turbine or a screw expansion power machine as much as possible, so that the circulating system can efficiently utilize an external heat source to do work or generate electricity.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of embodiment 2 of the present invention. Compared with the power cycle system in the embodiment 1, the power cycle system in this embodiment adds the absorbing solution self-heat exchanger 40, which is arranged on the pipeline connecting the absorbing agent crystallizer 30 with the generator 10 and the absorber 20, and is used for carrying out heat exchange on the absorbing solution entering the absorbing agent crystallizer, the crystallized absorbing solution output from the absorbing agent crystallizer and the crystallization-containing solution output from the absorbing agent crystallizer. The absorption solution enters the absorbent crystallizer 30 after heat exchange from the heat exchanger 30, the temperature of the absorption solution is reduced, and crystallization is facilitated, so that the cold energy required by crystallization is saved; the temperature of the crystallized absorption solution output to the generator 10 is increased, which is beneficial to the evaporation of the absorption cycle working medium; the temperature of the exiting absorbent-containing crystalline solution is also increased to facilitate maintaining the absorber 20 at a higher temperature.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of embodiment 3 of the present invention. Compared with embodiment 2, the power cycle system of the present embodiment adds another heater 250 in the exhaust duct 230 of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine to heat the exhaust in the exhaust duct 230. Since the temperature of the exhaust gas is significantly lower than that of the intake steam, a lower grade external heat source can be effectively used for power generation by the heater 250.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of embodiment 4 of the present invention. In contrast to example 2, the absorption solution is fed from the heat exchanger 40 for heat exchange between the absorption solution from the absorber 20 and the crystallized absorption solution discharged from the absorbent crystallizer 30. The absorption solution from the absorber 20 after heat exchange is input into the absorbent crystallizer 30 for cooling crystallization and solid-liquid separation, and the absorption solution after heat exchange after crystallization is sent into the generator 10. The absorption solution from the generator 10 and the absorbent crystals (or absorption solution containing absorbent crystals) from the absorbent crystallizer 14 are jointly transported to the absorber 20 by pipelines. Since the temperature of the absorption solution from the absorber 20 is much higher than the temperature of the crystallized absorption solution output from the absorbent crystallizer 30, the temperature of the absorption solution entering the absorbent crystallizer 30 after heat exchange is greatly reduced, so that the amount of a cold source for cooling the absorption solution can be reduced. Meanwhile, the temperature of the absorption solution after heat exchange and crystallization from the absorbent crystallizer is greatly increased, and the absorption solution is conveyed into the generator, so that the consumption of a driving heat source of the generator can be reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of embodiment 5 of the present invention. Compared with the embodiment 2, the absorbing solution is fed from the heat exchanger 40 to exchange heat between the absorbing solution from the absorber 20 and the absorbent crystals (or absorbing solution containing absorbent crystals) discharged from the absorbent crystallizer 30, and the absorbent crystals after heat exchange are fed to the absorber 20. The absorption solution from the absorber 20 after heat exchange is input into an absorbent crystallizer 30 for cooling crystallization and solid-liquid separation; the absorbent crystals output from the absorbent crystallizer 30 after heat exchange are transported to the absorber 20 through a pipeline. The absorption solution from the generator 10 is also fed to the absorber 20 via a pipeline, so that the absorption solution from the generator 10 and the absorbent crystals after heat exchange can be mixed and fed together to the absorber. The crystallized absorbing solution output from the absorbent crystallizer 30 is fed into the generator 10. Since the temperature of the absorption solution from the absorber 20 is much higher than the temperature of the absorbent crystals discharged from the absorbent crystallizer 30, the temperature of the absorption solution entering the absorbent crystallizer 30 after heat exchange is greatly reduced, so that the amount of cold used for cooling the absorption solution can be reduced. Meanwhile, the temperature of the absorbent crystal from the absorbent crystallizer after heat exchange is greatly increased, and the absorbent crystal is conveyed into an absorber to absorb working medium steam with the same amount and release absorption heat at higher working temperature, so that the temperature of output steam is increased.
Fig. 6 shows a flowchart of embodiment 6 of the present invention. In contrast to example 2, the absorption solution is fed from the heat exchanger 40 for heat exchange of the absorption solution fed to the absorbent crystallizer, the post-crystallization absorption solution discharged from the absorbent crystallizer and the crystallization-containing solution discharged from the absorbent crystallizer. Since the temperature of the absorption solution from the absorber 20 is much higher than the temperature of the absorbent crystal and the crystallized absorption solution discharged from the absorbent crystallizer 30, the temperature of the absorption solution entering the absorbent crystallizer 30 after heat exchange is greatly reduced, so that the amount of cold used for cooling the absorption solution can be reduced. Meanwhile, the temperature of the absorbent crystallization from the absorbent crystallizer after heat exchange is greatly increased, and the absorbent crystallization is conveyed into the absorber to absorb working medium steam with the same amount, so that the absorption heat can be released at higher working temperature, and the temperature of the absorber for generating steam can be increased. The temperature of the crystallized solution from the absorbent crystallizer after heat exchange is greatly increased, and the crystallized solution is conveyed into the generator to evaporate the same working medium steam.
In the above embodiments, only the basic flow for completing the technical solution of the present invention is described, and other parts or devices for implementing the flow are omitted, for example, pumps or valves required for ensuring the flow direction of each substance. For example, pump 260 is shown in FIG. 3 for pressurizing the power cycle fluid flowing from the generating heat exchanger to the absorbing heat exchanger. For other devices or parts required for implementing the power cycle system described in the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can find corresponding technical means in the prior art, and the details are not repeated herein by the inventor.
Embodiment 7 of the present invention also proposes a power cycle method based on the power cycle system of embodiment 1, which includes the steps of:
(1) in the absorber, the high-concentration absorption solution absorbs the absorption cycle working medium steam from the generator, and releases absorption heat to heat the power cycle working medium in the absorption heat exchanger, so that the power cycle working medium is converted from a liquid state into steam with higher temperature and pressure;
(2) the power cycle working medium steam is heated by an external heat source through a heater, and then is guided into a steam turbine or a screw expansion power machine to drive the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine to do work or generate electricity outwards;
(3) the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine discharges power cycle working medium steam, the discharged steam is guided into the heat exchanger for condensation, and the condensation heat is released to heat the absorption solution in the generator so as to generate absorption cycle working medium steam;
(4) introducing the absorption cycle working medium steam generated in the generator into an absorber;
(5) and outputting the absorption solution in the absorber and/or the generator into an absorbent crystallizer, cooling the absorbent crystallizer by adopting an external cold source, generating absorbent crystals in the crystallizer, carrying out sedimentation separation, conveying the crystallized absorption solution after the sedimentation separation into the generator, and conveying the crystallized absorption solution into the absorber.
Embodiment 8 of the present invention also proposes a power cycle method based on the power cycle system of embodiment 2, and compared with embodiment 7, the power cycle method of this embodiment further includes a post-crystallization absorption solution: the absorption solution from the generator and/or the absorption solution from the absorber exchange heat with the absorption solution after crystallization and/or absorbent crystallization or the absorption solution containing absorbent crystallization. The temperature of the absorption solution entering the generator is increased, thereby being beneficial to evaporation and concentration and saving the heat supply of the generator; meanwhile, the temperature of the absorption solution entering the absorbent crystallizer is reduced, and the cooling crystallization is facilitated, so that the supply of cold energy is reduced.
Preferably, before the absorption solution after crystallization is conveyed to the generator and before the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorption solution output by the absorber exchanges heat with the absorption solution after crystallization.
Preferably, before the absorbent crystals are conveyed to the absorber and the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorbent crystals or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystals exchange heat with the absorption solution output by the absorber.
Preferably, before the absorption solution after crystallization is conveyed to the generator and before the absorbent crystals are conveyed to the absorber, and before the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorption solution output by the absorber exchanges heat with the absorption solution after crystallization and the absorbent crystals or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystals.
Preferably, before the absorption solution after crystallization is conveyed to the generator and before the absorbent crystals are conveyed to the absorber, and before the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorption solution output by the generator and the absorption solution output by the absorber are mixed to form a mixed absorption solution, and the mixed absorption solution exchanges heat with the absorption solution after crystallization and the absorbent crystals or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystals.
Embodiment 9 of the present invention further provides a power cycle method based on the power cycle system of embodiment 3, and compared with embodiment 8, the power cycle method of this embodiment further includes a step of heating the power cycle working medium steam exhausted by the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine.
In the above embodiments 7 to 9, the external heat source is geothermal heat, solar heat, off-peak electricity, medium-low temperature waste heat, or fuel combustion heat; the mass concentration of the absorbent of the absorption solution in the absorber is higher than that of the absorbent of the absorption solution in the generator by more than 7 wt%; meanwhile, the saturated vapor pressure of the absorption solution in the generator is higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the absorption solution in the absorber by more than 0.05 kPa.
The technical solution described in the above embodiments of the present invention is not particularly limited to the kind of the absorbing solution used, and the above embodiments have been described by taking an absorbing solution using water-lithium bromide as the working medium pair, and the working medium of the working medium pair used in the present invention may be ammonia, methanol, ethanol, a mixture thereof, or the like, in addition to water, and the absorbent of the working medium pair used in the present invention may be LiCl, LiNO, or the like, in addition to lithium bromide3、Li2SO4、ZnCl2、ZnBr2、NaCl、KCl、Na2SO4、K2SO4、NaBr、KBr、CaCl2Or MgBr2Mixtures thereof and the like.
The feasibility of the above embodiments is illustrated below by the embodiments with specific parameters.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the method described in embodiment 8 is adopted, the steam inlet of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine and the steam outlet of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine are heated by adopting 150 ℃ industrial waste heat as an external heat source, the absorbent crystallizer is cooled by adopting 5 ℃ cooling water, the heat insulation efficiency of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine is 80%, the generator efficiency is 90%, and the power generation efficiency of the power circulation system is 22%.
Example 2
In this example, the method described in embodiment 8 is adopted, the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine is fed with heat energy of 200 ℃ from the geothermal heat exchanger as an external heat source and the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine is exhausted to heat, the absorbent crystallizer is cooled by cooling water of 5 ℃, the adiabatic efficiency of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine is 80%, the generator efficiency is 90%, and the power generation efficiency of the power cycle system in this example is 34%.
Example 3
In this example, the method described in embodiment 7 is adopted, the 250 ℃ combustion flue gas from the boiler is used as an external heat source to heat the steam entering the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine, the cooling water of 20 ℃ is used to cool the absorbent crystallizer, the thermal insulation efficiency of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine is 80%, the generator efficiency is 90%, and the power generation efficiency of the power cycle system of this example is 33%.
Example 4
In this example, the method described in embodiment 7 is adopted, the heat energy of 400 ℃ from the solar heat collector is used as an external heat source to heat the steam entering the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine, the cooling water of 20 ℃ is used to cool the absorbent crystallizer, the thermal insulation efficiency of the steam turbine or the screw expansion power machine is 80%, the generator efficiency is 90%, and the power generation efficiency of the power cycle system of this example is 37%.
Comparative example
In the comparative example, a rankine cycle-based steam turbine generator is adopted, 200 ℃ heat energy of a geothermal heat exchanger is used as a heat source of a steam boiler, 20 ℃ cooling water is used as a cold source of an exhaust steam condenser, the heat insulation efficiency of a steam turbine or a screw expansion power machine is 80%, the generator efficiency is 90%, and the power generation efficiency of the comparative example is 17%.
The calculation formula of the power generation efficiency of the power cycle systems of the above examples and comparative examples is as follows:
ηc＝P/Q
＝(Q-q1-q2)×ηp/Q
＝ΔH×ηp/Q
ηc: power generation efficiency of power cycle system
P: generated energy of power cycle system, kJ
Q: heat kJ absorbed by power cycle working medium from external heat source
ηp: efficiency of the generator
q1: cooling capacity of absorbent crystallizer, kJ
q2: heat loss of the system, kJ
Δ H: enthalpy difference, kJ, between admission and exhaust
Table 1 below shows the operating parameters and properties of examples 1-4 above.
TABLE 1
Other technical means necessary for realizing the technical scheme can be realized by adopting the technology in the prior art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Industrial applicability
The power circulation system and the power circulation method obviously improve the heat efficiency and the power generation efficiency of the power circulation by recycling the condensation heat of the steam exhaust of the steam turbine. Because the exhausted steam is not required to be cooled by using external cold energy, the cooling load of the cooling tower can be greatly reduced, and valuable water resources are remarkably saved; in addition, various low-grade energy sources including renewable energy sources such as solar heat and the like, biomass energy such as straw, firewood, methane, bioethanol and the like, medium-low temperature waste heat, off-peak electricity and the like can be cleanly and efficiently converted into electric energy.
Claims (29)
1. A power cycle system, characterized in that it comprises:
the screw expansion power machine is used for doing work or generating electricity under the drive of steam and is provided with an air inlet pipeline and an exhaust pipeline;
the generator is internally provided with absorption solution and a generating heat exchanger, the generating heat exchanger is used for heating the absorption solution to generate absorption cycle working medium steam, and an inlet of the generating heat exchanger is connected with an exhaust pipeline of the screw expansion power machine;
the absorption heat exchanger is used for heating power cycle working medium to generate power cycle working medium steam, an inlet of the absorption heat exchanger is connected to an outlet of the generation heat exchanger, and an outlet of the absorption heat exchanger is connected to an air inlet pipeline of the screw expansion power machine; the generator and the absorber are provided with communicating pipelines;
and the absorbent crystallizer is used for cooling the absorption solution from the generator and/or the absorption solution from the absorber to form crystallized absorption solution and absorbent crystals, the crystallized absorption solution is conveyed to the generator, and the absorbent crystals or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystals are conveyed to the absorber.
2. The power cycle system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the exhaust and intake ducts of the screw expansion motor is provided with a heater.
3. The power cycle system of claim 2, wherein the heater is a heat exchanger, a storage heater, a solar collector, or a burner.
4. The power cycle system of claim 1, further comprising an absorption solution self-heat exchanger for heat exchange between the crystallized absorption solution and/or the absorbent crystals, which are absorbent crystal particles or absorption solution containing absorbent crystal particles, and the absorption solution from the generator and/or the absorption solution from the absorber.
5. The power cycle system of claim 1, further comprising: and the absorption solution self-heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the absorption solution from the absorber and the crystallized absorption solution from the absorbent crystallizer.
6. The power cycle system of claim 1, further comprising: the absorption solution self-heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the absorption solution from the absorber and the absorption solution from the absorbent crystallizer or containing the absorbent crystals.
7. The power cycle system of claim 1, further comprising: the absorption solution self-heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the absorption solution from the absorber and the crystallized absorption solution from the absorbent crystallizer and the absorbent crystals; the absorbent crystals are absorbent crystalline particles or an absorption solution containing the absorbent crystalline particles.
8. The power cycle system of claim 7, wherein the absorption solution from the generator and the absorption solution from the absorber are mixed and then enter the absorption solution self-heat exchanger to exchange heat with the crystallized absorption solution from the absorbent crystallizer and the absorbent crystals; the absorbent crystals are absorbent crystalline particles or an absorption solution containing the absorbent crystalline particles.
9. The power cycle system of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the absorption solution in the generator is less than the concentration of the absorption solution in the absorber.
10. The power cycle system of claim 1, wherein the absorbent of the absorption solution is LiBr, LiCl, LiNO3、Li2SO4、ZnCl2、ZnBr2、NaCl、KCl、Na2SO4、K2SO4、NaBr、KBr、CaCl2And MgBr2One or a mixture of several of them.
11. A power cycle method characterized by comprising:
(1) in the absorber, the high-concentration absorption solution absorbs the absorption cycle working medium steam from the generator, and releases absorption heat to heat the power cycle working medium in the absorption heat exchanger, so that the power cycle working medium steam with high temperature and high pressure is generated;
(2) the power cycle working medium steam is led into the screw expansion power machine to drive the screw expansion power machine to do work or generate electricity outwards;
(3) leading the power cycle working medium steam exhausted by the screw expansion power machine into a generating heat exchanger for condensation, releasing condensation heat to heat the absorption solution in the generator, and generating absorption cycle working medium steam;
(4) introducing the absorption cycle working medium steam generated in the generator into an absorber;
(5) and (2) outputting the absorption solution in the absorber and/or the generator into an absorbent crystallizer, generating absorbent crystals in the crystallizer, carrying out solid-liquid separation, conveying the crystallized absorption solution after the solid-liquid separation into the generator, and conveying the crystallized solution into the absorber.
12. The power cycle method of claim 11, further comprising: before the absorption solution after crystallization is conveyed to the generator and before the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorption solution output by the absorber exchanges heat with the absorption solution after crystallization.
13. The power cycle method of claim 11, further comprising: before the absorbent crystals are conveyed to the absorber and the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorbent crystals or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystals exchange heat with the absorption solution output by the absorber.
14. The power cycle method of claim 11, further comprising: before the absorption solution after crystallization is conveyed to the generator and before the absorbent crystal is conveyed to the absorber, and before the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorption solution output by the absorber exchanges heat with the absorption solution after crystallization and the absorbent crystal; the absorbent crystals are absorbent crystalline particles or an absorption solution containing the absorbent crystalline particles.
15. The power cycle method of claim 14, further comprising: before the absorption solution after crystallization is conveyed to the generator and before absorbent crystals are conveyed to the absorber, and before the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorption solution output by the generator and the absorption solution output by the absorber are mixed to form a mixed absorption solution, and the mixed absorption solution exchanges heat with the absorption solution after crystallization and the absorbent crystals; the absorbent crystals are absorbent crystalline particles or an absorption solution containing the absorbent crystalline particles.
16. The power cycle method of claim 11 wherein one or both of the power cycle fluid vapor output from the absorption heat exchanger and the power cycle fluid vapor exhausted from the screw expansion motor are heated by an external heat source.
17. The power cycle method of claim 16 wherein the external heat source is geothermal heat, solar heat, off-peak electricity, medium or low temperature waste heat, or heat from combustion of a fuel.
18. The power cycle method of claim 11 wherein the absorbent mass concentration of the absorption solution in the absorber is greater than 7wt% above the absorbent mass concentration of the absorption solution in the generator.
19. The power cycle method of claim 11, wherein the saturated vapor pressure of the absorption solution in the generator is greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the absorption solution in the absorber by more than 0.05 kPa.
20. A power cycle system, characterized in that it comprises:
the steam turbine is used for doing work or generating electricity under the driving of steam and is provided with an air inlet pipeline and an exhaust pipeline;
the generator is internally provided with absorption solution and a generating heat exchanger, the generating heat exchanger is used for heating the absorption solution to generate absorption cycle working medium steam, and an inlet of the generating heat exchanger is connected with an exhaust pipeline of the steam turbine;
the absorption heat exchanger is used for heating power cycle working medium to generate power cycle working medium steam, an inlet of the absorption heat exchanger is connected to an outlet of the generation heat exchanger, and an outlet of the absorption heat exchanger is connected to an air inlet pipeline of the steam turbine; the generator and the absorber are provided with communicating pipelines;
an absorbent crystallizer for cooling the absorption solution from the generator and/or the absorption solution from the absorber to form a crystallized absorption solution and absorbent crystals, the crystallized absorption solution being fed to the generator, the absorbent crystals or the absorption solution containing the absorbent crystals being fed to the absorber;
the absorption solution self-heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the absorption solution from the generator or the absorption solution from the absorber and the absorption solution after crystallization and/or the absorbent crystallization, or
The absorption solution from the generator and the absorption solution from the absorber exchange heat with the crystallized absorption solution or absorbent crystal;
wherein, the absorbent crystal is absorbent crystal particles or an absorption solution containing the absorbent crystal particles.
21. The power cycle system of claim 20, wherein at least one of the exhaust and intake ducts of the steam turbine is provided with a heater.
22. The power cycle system of claim 21, wherein the heater is a heat exchanger, a storage heater, a solar collector, or a burner.
23. The power cycle system of claim 20 wherein the concentration of the absorption solution in the generator is less than the concentration of the absorption solution in the absorber.
24. The power cycle system of claim 20 wherein the absorbent of the absorbent solution is LiBr, LiCl, LiNO3、Li2SO4、ZnCl2、ZnBr2、NaCl、KCl、Na2SO4、K2SO4、NaBr、KBr、CaCl2And MgBr2One or a mixture of several of them.
25. A power cycle method characterized by comprising:
(1) in the absorber, the high-concentration absorption solution absorbs the absorption cycle working medium steam from the generator, and releases absorption heat to heat the power cycle working medium in the absorption heat exchanger, so that the power cycle working medium steam with high temperature and high pressure is generated;
(2) the power cycle working medium steam is led into a steam turbine to drive the steam turbine to do work or generate electricity;
(3) leading the power cycle working medium steam exhausted by the steam turbine into a generating heat exchanger for condensation, releasing condensation heat to heat the absorption solution in the generator, and generating absorption cycle working medium steam;
(4) introducing the absorption cycle working medium steam generated in the generator into an absorber;
(5) outputting the absorption solution in the absorber and/or the generator to an absorbent crystallizer, generating absorbent crystals in the crystallizer, carrying out solid-liquid separation, conveying the absorption solution after the crystallization after the solid-liquid separation to the generator, and conveying the solution containing the crystals to the absorber;
wherein,
before the absorption solution after crystallization is conveyed to the generator and before the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorption solution output by the absorber exchanges heat with the absorption solution after crystallization; or
Before the absorbent crystals are conveyed to the absorber and the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorbent crystals exchange heat with the absorption solution output by the absorber; or
Before the absorption solution after crystallization is conveyed to the generator and before the absorbent crystal is conveyed to the absorber, and before the absorption solution output by the absorber is cooled, the absorption solution output by the absorber exchanges heat with the absorption solution after crystallization and the absorbent crystal;
the absorbent crystals are absorbent crystalline particles or an absorption solution containing the absorbent crystalline particles.
26. The power cycle method of claim 25, wherein either or both of the power cycle fluid stream output from the absorption heat exchanger and the power cycle fluid stream exhausted from the steam turbine are heated by an external heat source.
27. The power cycle method of claim 26 wherein the external heat source is geothermal heat, solar heat, valley electricity, medium low temperature waste heat, or heat of combustion of a fuel.
28. The power cycle method of claim 25 wherein the absorbent mass concentration of the absorption solution in the absorber is greater than 7wt% above the absorbent mass concentration of the absorption solution in the generator.
29. The power cycle method of claim 25, wherein the saturated vapor pressure of the absorption solution in the generator is greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the absorption solution in the absorber by more than 0.05 kPa.
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| PCT/CN2009/000714 WO2010148538A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2009-06-25 | Power cycle system and power cycle method |
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| CN104698318A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-06-10 | 国家电网公司 | Calculating method and system for transferred power load of electric boiler |
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| CN103967543B (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2017-08-11 | 基准涡轮动力（广州）有限公司 | A kind of energy storage steam circulation |
| WO2014117924A2 (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2014-08-07 | Interimo GmbH | Method for operating a low-temperature power plant, and low-temperature power plant itself |
| AT517535B1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-03-15 | Rudolf Dipl Ing Fh Gutscher | Steam power plant |
| CN106440474B (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2020-04-21 | 李华玉 | Combined heat and power system |
| EP3784421A4 (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2021-07-28 | Maxeff Teknoloji Anonim Sirketi | METHOD OF SEPARATION BY SOLIDIZING FOR USE IN ABSORPTION HEATING / COOLING SYSTEMS THAT WORK WITH CRYSTALLIZATION / FREEZING / ICING METHODS |
| CN108917224B (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2023-10-13 | 北京科技大学 | Composite thermodynamic cycle system for low-grade heat source power generation |
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| SU569735A1 (en) * | 1974-03-25 | 1977-08-25 | Mikhelman Izrail D | Thermal-refrigerating-electric plant |
| CN1032058A (en) * | 1988-02-03 | 1989-03-29 | 陈家恩 | Efficient heating power micro circulation and regenerator thereof |
| US5311741A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1994-05-17 | Blaize Louis J | Hybrid electric power generation |
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| CN104698318B (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2017-09-01 | 国家电网公司 | Method and system for measuring and calculating electric load transferred by electric heating boiler |
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| WO2010148538A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
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