CN102608004A - Aerodynamic size spectrometer - Google Patents
Aerodynamic size spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102608004A CN102608004A CN2012100671346A CN201210067134A CN102608004A CN 102608004 A CN102608004 A CN 102608004A CN 2012100671346 A CN2012100671346 A CN 2012100671346A CN 201210067134 A CN201210067134 A CN 201210067134A CN 102608004 A CN102608004 A CN 102608004A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aerodynamic size spectrometer, which comprises a sample flow injection device, a particle beam collimation and acceleration nozzle, a shell flow device, a light beam focusing and reshaping device, a photoelectric detector, a signal detecting and processing module, and a micro-control and display module. The aerodynamic size spectrometer adopts flight time to measure aerodynamic diameter, and preceding stage particle size cutting and sampling is not needed, so that the particle loss is avoided, the sensitivity is high, and the accuracy of detection is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Detection of Air Quality field, in particular to a kind of aerodynamic size spectrometer.
Background technology
In atmosphere; Mostly pollutant is to be attached to the lip-deep of aerosol particle, and aerocolloidal particle diameter is generally the 0.001-100 micron, it is found that; Aerodynamic diameter can't get into people's respiratory tract at the particle of scope more than 50 microns owing to gravity; Particle in the 10-50 micrometer range can only get into pharynx nasalis, and the particle in the 2.5-10 micrometer range can get into bronchus usually, and the particle below 2.5 microns has 80% can get in the alveolar of human body.Have report to point out, below 10 microns particularly the particle below 2.5 microns be to cause that breathing problem is propagated and the one of the main reasons of PUD D.In order to prevent of the injury of PM10 particle to human body; Domestic and international many countries have successively set up the standard of PM10; Particularly some developed countries such as U.S. just came into effect the PM2.5 standard from 1997; China is at present also actively preparing to carry out the PM2.5 standard, and is in line with international standards in the particle context of detection, and it is very urgent therefore to develop the instrument that detects the PM2.5 particle.
At present; Generally use the instrument that detects PM10 and PM2.5 particle to mainly contain β rays method and trace concussion sedimentation balance method both at home and abroad; These two kinds of detection methods at first all need be carried out cascade sampling; Has different momentum owing to grain size is different; Therefore smaller particles changes movement locus more easily and walks around crash panel with air-flow and arrive filtering material, thereby carries out the separated and collected of 10 microns or 2.5 micron particles, the particle weighing that will on filtering material, hold back, analyzes the data of the PM10 or the PM2.5 that just can obtain to reflect air quality.The problem that these class methods exist is: at first; Because these two kinds of methods need in advance the particle of PM10 or PM2.5 to be collected; Therefore need and at first need pass through the separate particles harvester; And the phenomenon that such device more or less all can exist particle bounce-back and particle to reflux makes particle exist loss, influences measuring accuracy.Secondly, need particle be deposited and just can detect after a certain amount of, so detection speed can not realize real-time detection more slowly, the timely acquired information of the incident of some bursts.
In addition, except above two kinds of detection methods, people often use light scattering device to come the particle tested thing; Particle is produced scattered light after through laser beam; Thereby on photo-detector, obtain characteristics such as particle particle diameter, concentration, the problem that such device exists is, because it only relies on light scattering intensity to measure grain size; Receive the influence of factors such as shape of particle, scattering angle, there is bigger error in the precision of measurement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of aerodynamic size spectrometer; Detect the aerodynamic diameter and the concentration of particulate in the air in order to real-time online; Obtain the particle concentration spectrogram of 0.5-20 micro particles, obtain to comprise PM2.5 and PM10 simultaneously at interior particle quality concentration spectrogram.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of aerodynamic size spectrometer, it comprises:
Appearance flows to sampling device, and the one of which end is gathered surrounding air, and through the other end surrounding air appearance stream of gathering is delivered to coupled particle beams collimation acceleration spout;
Particle beams collimation quickens spout and coupled shell stream device; Shell stream device provides purifying gas flow to get into particle beams collimation and quickens in the spout; Form circulation surrounding air appearance stream parcel is made particle beams collimation wherein; The particle beams in the surrounding air appearance stream quickens to be accelerated in the spout at particle beams collimation, makes the particle of different-grain diameter produce different movement velocitys, forms particle beams passage;
Light beam focuses on apparatus for shaping; 650nm red laser light beam is carried out focusing on the particle beams passage after shaping forms the adjacent light beam of two bundles, and the particle with friction speed flight in the particle beams passage vertically produces two bundle scattered lights through priority behind the adjacent two-beam respectively;
Photodetector is surveyed two bundle scattered lights of different particles generations and is formed bimodal signal, obtains the flight time of different particles through the adjacent light beam of two bundles according to the difference between the bimodal signal two adjacent peak values;
Input and processing module are connected with photodetector, respectively the particle number of identical flight time are added up, and obtain the particle concentration of different-grain diameter particle; And
Micro-control and display module; Be connected with processing module with input; The flight schedule of detection particle flight time that obtains and the standard particle diameter particle that records is in advance compared, obtain the aerodynamic diameter Dp of different particles in the surrounding air appearance stream, and combine the particle concentration of different-grain diameter particle; Obtain and show the particle concentration collection of illustrative plates of different-grain diameter size; The aerodynamic diameter Dp of the different particles that will record simultaneously is scaled volume, multiply by particle average density ρ then and obtains 52 groups of mass particles in the PM0.5-PM20 scope, and wherein aerodynamic diameter Dp is corresponding one by one with mass particle; Result after again mass particle and particle concentration being multiplied each other and modifying factor K multiply each other and obtain the mass concentration spectrogram; The summation of simple grain path quality concentration below 2.5 microns is obtained PM2.5; The summation of simple grain path quality concentration below 10 microns is obtained PM10, and output shows PM2.5 and PM10.
Preferable, photodetector comprises aspheric surface ellipsoidal mirror and photodetector, wherein
The aspheric surface ellipsoidal mirror has a pair of conjugate points; One conjugate points places beam focus; Another conjugate points places on the photosurface of photodetector, and the particle in the particle beams passage focuses on the photosurface of photodetector after the reflection of aspheric surface ellipsoidal mirror through the scattered light that focus produces.
Preferable, be provided with thermostat in the photodetector.
Preferable, be provided with highly effective particle filter in the shell stream device, the clean air after filtering is sent into particle beams collimation quicken in the spout.
Preferable, input and processing module also comprise:
Invalid particle and coincidence particle discriminator circuit are differentiated and are also got rid of diameter greater than 20 microns the invalid particle or the signal of coincidence particle.
Preferable, shell stream device is provided with first air-flow and carries control module, and be used to shell stream device and carry clean air that power is provided to particle beams collimation acceleration spout, and the flow of control clean air.
Preferable, appearance flows to and is provided with second air-flow in the sampling device and carries control module, and be used to appearance and flow to sampling device and carry surrounding air appearance stream that power is provided, and the flow of the air appearance stream that controls environment.
Preferable, micro-control and display module also are used to accept the user to the setting of data statistics time, to obtain PM2.5 and the PM10 in a certain moment or a period of time scope.
Can find out that from the foregoing description the present invention has the following advantages at least:
1, compare with traditional weight method, the present invention adopts the flight time measurement aerodynamic diameter, need not prime particle diameter cutting sampling, has avoided particle loss, and sensitivity is higher, and accuracy in detection is higher.
2, the present invention can realize real-time information collection, analysis, obtains air quality concentration spectrogram fast, and can set up the data statistics time on their own, obtains PM2.5 and PM10 in a certain moment or a period of time scope.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; To do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the aerodynamic size spectrometer synoptic diagram of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the actual measurement ambient air quality concentration spectrogram of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
To combine the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention below, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is carried out clear, intactly description, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills are not paying the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the present invention's protection.
Fig. 1 is the aerodynamic size spectrometer synoptic diagram of one embodiment of the invention; As shown in the figure, this aerodynamic size spectrometer comprises:
Appearance flows to sampling device 101, and the one of which end is gathered surrounding air, and through the other end surrounding air appearance stream of gathering is delivered to coupled particle beams collimation acceleration spout 102;
Particle beams collimation quickens spout 102 and coupled shell stream device 103; Shell stream device 103 provides purifying gas flow to get into particle beams collimation and quickens in the spout 102; Form circulation surrounding air appearance stream parcel is made particle beams collimation wherein; The particle beams in the surrounding air appearance stream quickens to be accelerated in the spout 102 at particle beams collimation, makes the particle of different-grain diameter produce different movement velocitys, forms particle beams passage;
Light beam focuses on apparatus for shaping 104; 650nm red laser light beam is carried out focusing on the particle beams passage after shaping forms the adjacent light beam of two bundles, and the particle with friction speed flight in the particle beams passage vertically produces two bundle scattered lights through priority behind the adjacent two-beam respectively;
Photodetector 105 is surveyed two bundle scattered lights of different particles generations and is formed bimodal signal, obtains the flight time of different particles through the adjacent light beam of two bundles according to the difference between the bimodal signal two adjacent peak values;
Input and processing module 106 are connected with photodetector 105, respectively the particle number of identical flight time are added up, and obtain the particle concentration of different-grain diameter particle; And
Micro-control and display module 107; Be connected with processing module 106 with input; The flight schedule of detection particle flight time that obtains and the standard particle diameter particle that records is in advance compared, obtain the aerodynamic diameter Dp of different particles in the surrounding air appearance stream, and combine the particle concentration of different-grain diameter particle; Obtain and show the particle concentration collection of illustrative plates of different-grain diameter size; The aerodynamic diameter Dp of the different particles that will record simultaneously is scaled volume, multiply by particle average density ρ then and obtains 52 groups of mass particles in the PM0.5-PM20 scope, and wherein aerodynamic diameter Dp is corresponding one by one with mass particle; Result after again mass particle and particle concentration being multiplied each other and modifying factor K multiply each other and obtain the mass concentration spectrogram; The summation of simple grain path quality concentration below 2.5 microns is obtained PM2.5; The summation of simple grain path quality concentration below 10 microns is obtained PM10, and output demonstration PM2.5 and PM10, wherein; K is that constant is (because the different regions ATMOSPHERICAL BACKGROUND is different; The particle average density ρ that preceding text are got is an empirical value, and it is inaccurate to use same ρ value to calculate the gained result for different regions, therefore need carry out the background experiment and obtain modifying factor K test result is revised the acquisition accurate result).
In addition, micro-control and display module also can be realized the control to laser output power, flow pump (being arranged on the flow velocity that appearance flows to sampling device inner control air appearance stream) start and stop and photodetector high pressure.Laser instrument and photodetector are semiconductor devices; Laser instrument output energy or photodetector detection efficiency are reduced; Therefore need be provided with its parameter,, guarantee that test result is accurate so that laser instrument output energy and photodetector detection efficiency are consistent.
Fig. 2 is the actual measurement ambient air quality concentration spectrogram of one embodiment of the invention.In Fig. 2, transverse axis is represented particle diameter (μ m), and the longitudinal axis is represented mass concentration (mg/m
3), hollow cylinder is represented the mass concentration in simple grain footpath, and the black main body is represented the mass concentration of PM particle, wherein includes PM2.5 and PM10, and by finding out that mass concentration concentrates on big particle diameter place among the figure, its PM2.5 and PM10 and air quality report are basic identical.
For example, photodetector comprises aspheric surface ellipsoidal mirror and photodetector, wherein
The aspheric surface ellipsoidal mirror has a pair of conjugate points; One conjugate points places beam focus; Another conjugate points places on the photosurface of photodetector, and the particle in the particle beams passage focuses on the photosurface of photodetector after the reflection of aspheric surface ellipsoidal mirror through the scattered light that focus produces.
For example, be provided with thermostat in the photodetector.Thermostat can be controlled at temperature ± and 0.1 ℃, reduce photodetector and received Influence of Temperature, improved the stability of instrument.
For example, in the embodiment in figure 1, be provided with highly effective particle filter 1031 in the shell stream device 103, the clean air after filtering sent into particle beams collimation quicken in the spout.
For example, input and processing module also comprise:
Invalid particle and coincidence particle discriminator circuit are differentiated and are also got rid of diameter greater than 20 microns the invalid particle or the signal of coincidence particle.
For example, shell stream device is provided with first air-flow and carries control module, and be used to shell stream device and carry clean air that power is provided to particle beams collimation acceleration spout, and the flow of control clean air, at 4L, precision is ± 10% like shell stream device flow control.
For example, appearance flows to and is provided with second air-flow in the sampling device and carries control module, and be used to appearance and flow to sampling device and carry surrounding air appearance stream that power is provided, and the flow of the air appearance stream that controls environment, at 5L, precision is ± 10% like flow control.
For example, micro-control and display module also are used to accept the user to the setting of data statistics time, to obtain PM2.5 and the PM10 in a certain moment or a period of time scope.
Can find out that from the foregoing description the present invention has the following advantages at least:
1, compare with traditional weight method, the present invention adopts the flight time measurement aerodynamic diameter to need not prime particle diameter cutting sampling, has avoided particle loss, and sensitivity is higher, and accuracy in detection is higher.
2, the present invention can realize real-time information collection, analysis, obtains air quality concentration spectrogram fast, and can set up the data statistics time on their own, obtains PM2.5 and PM10 in a certain moment or a period of time scope.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: accompanying drawing is the synoptic diagram of an embodiment, and module in the accompanying drawing or flow process might not be that embodiment of the present invention is necessary.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the module in the device among the embodiment can be described according to embodiment and be distributed in the device of embodiment, also can carry out respective change and be arranged in the one or more devices that are different from present embodiment.The module of the foregoing description can be merged into a module, also can further split into a plurality of submodules.
What should explain at last is: above embodiment is only in order to explaining technical scheme of the present invention, but not to its restriction; Although with reference to previous embodiment the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that previous embodiment is put down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these are revised or replacement, do not make the spirit and the scope of the essence disengaging embodiment of the invention technical scheme of relevant art scheme.
Claims (8)
1. an aerodynamic size spectrometer is characterized in that, comprising:
Appearance flows to sampling device, and the one of which end is gathered surrounding air, and through the other end surrounding air appearance stream of gathering is delivered to coupled particle beams collimation acceleration spout;
Said particle beams collimation quickens spout and coupled shell stream device; Said shell stream device provides purifying gas flow to get into said particle beams collimation and quickens in the spout; Form circulation surrounding air appearance stream parcel is made particle beams collimation wherein; The particle beams in the surrounding air appearance stream quickens to be accelerated in the spout at said particle beams collimation, makes the particle of different-grain diameter produce different movement velocitys, forms particle beams passage;
Light beam focuses on apparatus for shaping; 650nm red laser light beam is carried out focusing on the particle beams passage after shaping forms the adjacent light beam of two bundles, and the particle with friction speed flight in the particle beams passage vertically produces two bundle scattered lights through priority behind the adjacent two-beam respectively;
Photodetector is surveyed two bundle scattered lights of different particles generations and is formed bimodal signal, obtains the flight time of different particles through the adjacent light beam of two bundles according to the difference between the bimodal signal two adjacent peak values;
Input and processing module are connected with said photodetector, respectively the particle number of identical flight time are added up, and obtain the particle concentration of different-grain diameter particle; And
Micro-control and display module; Be connected with processing module with said input; The flight schedule of detection particle flight time that obtains and the standard particle diameter particle that records is in advance compared, obtain the aerodynamic diameter Dp of different particles in the surrounding air appearance stream, and combine the particle concentration of different-grain diameter particle; Obtain and show the particle concentration collection of illustrative plates of different-grain diameter size; The aerodynamic diameter Dp of the different particles that will record simultaneously is scaled volume, multiply by particle average density ρ then and obtains 52 groups of mass particles in the PM0.5-PM20 scope, and wherein aerodynamic diameter Dp is corresponding one by one with mass particle; Result after again mass particle and particle concentration being multiplied each other and modifying factor K multiply each other and obtain the mass concentration spectrogram; The summation of simple grain path quality concentration below 2.5 microns is obtained PM2.5; The summation of simple grain path quality concentration below 10 microns is obtained PM10, and output shows PM2.5 and PM10.
2. aerodynamic size spectrometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that said photodetector comprises aspheric surface ellipsoidal mirror and photodetector, wherein
Said aspheric surface ellipsoidal mirror has a pair of conjugate points; One conjugate points places beam focus; Another conjugate points places on the photosurface of said photodetector, and the particle in the particle beams passage focuses on the photosurface of said photodetector after the reflection of aspheric surface ellipsoidal mirror through the scattered light that focus produces.
3. aerodynamic size spectrometer according to claim 2 is characterized in that, is provided with thermostat in the said photodetector.
4. aerodynamic size spectrometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with highly effective particle filter in the said shell stream device, the clean air after filtering is sent into said particle beams collimation quicken in the spout.
5. aerodynamic size spectrometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said input and processing module also comprise:
Invalid particle and coincidence particle discriminator circuit are differentiated and are also got rid of diameter greater than 20 microns the invalid particle or the signal of coincidence particle.
6. aerodynamic size spectrometer according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said shell stream device is provided with first air-flow and carries control module, and be used to said shell stream device and carry clean air that power is provided to said particle beams collimation acceleration spout, and the flow of control clean air.
7. aerodynamic size spectrometer according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said appearance flows to and is provided with second air-flow in the sampling device and carries control module, and be used to said appearance and flow to sampling device and carry surrounding air appearance stream that power is provided, and the flow of the air appearance stream that controls environment.
8. aerodynamic size spectrometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said micro-control and display module also are used to accept the user to the setting of data statistics time, to obtain PM2.5 and the PM10 in a certain moment or a period of time scope.
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| CN103196806A (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2013-07-10 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Real-time monitoring system and monitoring method for air particle concentration and fluorescence intensity data |
| CN103234882A (en) * | 2013-04-21 | 2013-08-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Method for inverting mass concentration of atmospheric particulates based on flight time of particulates |
| CN103868835A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-18 | 南昌黄绿照明有限公司 | System for monitoring PM2.5 by smart phone |
| CN105699263A (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2016-06-22 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Real-time monitoring system and method for air particle concentration and fluorescence intensity data |
| CN105842135A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-10 | 远大空品科技有限公司 | Weight calculating method and data displaying method for dust |
| CN106018194A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 深圳市青核桃科技有限公司 | Method using laser particle counting machine to calculate particle mass |
| CN103868835B (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2016-11-30 | 南昌黄绿照明有限公司 | A kind of system of smart mobile phone monitoring PM2.5 |
| CN108827843A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 华中科技大学 | The mass concentration of stationary source particulate matter and the measuring device of fineness spectrum and method |
| CN110132802A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-16 | 张家港谱析传感科技有限公司 | Online particle size and particle concentration detection device and online particle size and particle concentration detection method |
| CN111624143A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-04 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Method for measuring volume equivalent diameter and effective density of aerosol particles |
| CN112504922A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-03-16 | 华南师范大学 | Online measurement system and method for particle size distribution of atmospheric particulates |
| CN113418836A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-21 | 赵唐铭 | Aerodynamic particle size spectrometer and method for analyzing particle flight trajectory |
| CN117782916A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-03-29 | 北京英视睿达科技股份有限公司 | Atmospheric particle concentration detection system, method, computer equipment and storage medium |
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| CN103196806A (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2013-07-10 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Real-time monitoring system and monitoring method for air particle concentration and fluorescence intensity data |
| CN105699263A (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2016-06-22 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Real-time monitoring system and method for air particle concentration and fluorescence intensity data |
| CN103234882A (en) * | 2013-04-21 | 2013-08-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Method for inverting mass concentration of atmospheric particulates based on flight time of particulates |
| CN103234882B (en) * | 2013-04-21 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of Atmospheric particulates mass concentration inversion method based on the particulate matter flight time |
| CN103868835A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-18 | 南昌黄绿照明有限公司 | System for monitoring PM2.5 by smart phone |
| CN103868835B (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2016-11-30 | 南昌黄绿照明有限公司 | A kind of system of smart mobile phone monitoring PM2.5 |
| CN105842135A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-10 | 远大空品科技有限公司 | Weight calculating method and data displaying method for dust |
| CN106018194A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 深圳市青核桃科技有限公司 | Method using laser particle counting machine to calculate particle mass |
| CN108827843A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 华中科技大学 | The mass concentration of stationary source particulate matter and the measuring device of fineness spectrum and method |
| CN110132802A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-16 | 张家港谱析传感科技有限公司 | Online particle size and particle concentration detection device and online particle size and particle concentration detection method |
| CN110132802B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2024-01-12 | 张家港谱析传感科技有限公司 | Online detection device and online detection method for particle size and particle concentration |
| CN111624143A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-04 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Method for measuring volume equivalent diameter and effective density of aerosol particles |
| CN111624143B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-10-01 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | A method for measuring the volume equivalent diameter and effective density of aerosol particles |
| CN112504922A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-03-16 | 华南师范大学 | Online measurement system and method for particle size distribution of atmospheric particulates |
| CN112504922B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-09-02 | 华南师范大学 | Online measurement system and method for particle size distribution of atmospheric particulates |
| CN113418836A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-21 | 赵唐铭 | Aerodynamic particle size spectrometer and method for analyzing particle flight trajectory |
| CN117782916A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-03-29 | 北京英视睿达科技股份有限公司 | Atmospheric particle concentration detection system, method, computer equipment and storage medium |
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Application publication date: 20120725 |