CN102608076B - Device and method for carrying out detection and gloss classification on pearls - Google Patents
Device and method for carrying out detection and gloss classification on pearls Download PDFInfo
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- CN102608076B CN102608076B CN201210070028.3A CN201210070028A CN102608076B CN 102608076 B CN102608076 B CN 102608076B CN 201210070028 A CN201210070028 A CN 201210070028A CN 102608076 B CN102608076 B CN 102608076B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of quality testing of pearls and particularly discloses a device and a method for carrying out detection and gloss classification on pearls. According to the device disclosed by the invention, a differential interference prism is specially arranged on basis of the conventional laser con-focal microscopy. One light beam is separated into two light beams with different polarization directions. Polarized light irradiates to the surface of a sample, so that the polarized light reaches to the differential interference prism through collection of an objective lens after the light is subjected to phase shift. The prism recombines the two vertical light polarized light beams into one light beam, and a phase difference is converted into an amplitude, so that an image with darkness difference is formed. The device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being simple in structure, simple, convenient and rapid for utilization, and high in measurement accuracy. The detecting method has no damages to the sample, so that the three-dimensional feature of the surface of each pearl can be observed firstly with relatively high resolution, and the defect condition and the surface roughness of the surface of each pearl can be obtained.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to the quality inspection field of pearl, particularly a kind ofly pearl to be detected and the apparatus and method of gloss classification.
(2) background technology
Pearl is a kind of traditional organic gemstone, and with a long history, inside information enriches, but the detection of pearl and gloss classification are all difficult problems for puzzlement Gemstone Identification department all the time.Although in detection pearl, China has put into effect national standard: GB/T18781-2008 " pearl classification ", far reaching significance is had to domestic pearl, Pearl Accessories production and selling, but mainly still adopt macroscopic mode to carry out in this standard, there is larger randomness, easy generation error, therefore, our pearl detects in the urgent need to the effective quantization method of one at present.
About the ultimate principle of laser confocal microscope and application have been reported, 1971, Davidovits etc. invented the lens scanning system taking laser as light source, 1978, and Sheppard etc. release objective table scanister.What laser confocal microscope had developed for many years is more and more ripe, and its application is also more and more extensive.Chinese patent document CN1619293A(CN200410100285.2) disclose a kind of scanned-laser microscope, laser confocal microscope is optimized design, successfully be applied to biological living, see CN1424574A (CN02154529.4).
CN101957312A (CN201010516426.4) improves the cannot-harm-detection device that a kind of authenticity of pearl is differentiated, comprise tungsten halogen lamp light source, optical fibre light splitting mirror, the spectroscopical mechanical part of fixed fiber, can realize the two-dimensional scan of pearl and become margaritaceous inner structure, both can differentiate true and false pearl, natural seawater pearl or freshwater cultured pearl can also be identified.
CN202049112U (CN201120085850.8) discloses a kind of Pearl quality detecting device, pearl is placed on the objective table of upright microscope, laser is irradiated to pearl surface through microscope, the raman signatures spectrum of its surface reflection is placed in the spectrometer collection on microscope top, by analyzing the wavelength of the Raman signal shown in spectrometer and peak Distribution, the accurate detection of specific trace element in pearl can be realized, thus judge pearl quality.
Above-described CN101957312A (CN201010516426.4) is based on spectrophotometric principle, provide and a kind ofly differentiate true and false pearl and distinguish the device of natural seawater pearl and freshwater cultured pearl, margaritaceous inner structure is become to pearl two-dimensional scan; CN202049112U (CN201120085850.8) devises a kind of device detecting specific trace element in pearl on the basis of Raman scattering principle; These two inventions contribute to the discriminating of pearl, but are but difficult to realize for the detection of pearl surface pattern and gloss classification.
Very large difficulty is there is in current state inner detection technique for the clear observation of high power of pearl surface pattern and the classification of pearly luster degree.
(3) summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, provides that a kind of structure is simple, degree of accuracy is high detects pearl and the device and method of gloss classification.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind ofly pearl to be detected and the device of gloss classification, the opticator comprising objective table and be connected with objective table by mechanical arm, it is characterized in that: in described opticator, semiconductor laser light source is installed, semiconductor laser light source side is provided with beam splitter, differential interference prism and object lens are provided with from top to bottom below beam splitter, double needle hole structure and scan detector is disposed with from lower to upper above beam splitter, double needle hole structure by the burnt pinhole arrangement of two identical copolymerization up and down parallel stacking form, the burnt pinhole arrangement of each copolymerization is by photomultiplier, pin hole and lens composition, pin hole is positioned at picture planimetric position, lens are positioned in the light path above beam splitter, the laser that beam splitter and semiconductor laser light source export and differential interference prism are all in 45 degree of angles.
The present invention protects a kind of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope adopting laser; during detection; pearl sample is placed on the focal plane of object lens; described laser vertically enters differential interference prism after beam splitter reflection; be irradiated to again on object lens; objective lens aims at the pearl sample on objective table, by the light of pearl sample reflection after object lens transmission and differential interference prism are assembled, vertically enters double needle hole structure and scan detector.
More excellent scheme of the present invention is:
Described object lens side is connected with stepper motor, scan detector is connected with computing machine, stepper motor can control object lens and move up in the side of vertical print platform, can focus in the different levels of sample surfaces like this, stepping successively, the shape appearance figure of sample surfaces in the acquisition different levels so just can gone forward one by one successively on scan detector, by computing machine, the pattern of different levels is integrated again, obtain the three-dimensional image of sample surfaces, on the basis of this three-dimensional image, just can the surfaceness of calculation sample.
Described object lens are made up of multiple objective lens, can realize the observation of different amplification, and Wavelength matched with semiconductor laser, to avoid aberration.
Described objective table is provided with coarse adjustment knob and fine tuning knob, coarse adjustment knob and fine tuning knob can make objective table move up and down, and regulate the height of objective table, thus are focused on the focal plane of People's Armed Police by sample surfaces.
The diameter of described pin hole is 25 ~ 50 μm, double needle hole structure can make light source, photographed object point and scan detector be in the conjugate position corresponded to each other, light source focuses on the spot penetrating restriction in face at sample surfaces through object lens, its reflected light or transmitted light again by object lens at the burnt pin hole planar imaging of copolymerization, improve microscopical resolution.
Described objective table is arranged the microslide that bottom surface is smooth, upper surface has semicircle shrinkage pool, for placing pearl.
Described microslide length is 6 ~ 9cm, width is 3 ~ 4cm, thickness is 3 ~ 10cm, the diameter of semicircle shrinkage pool is 2 ~ 20mm, and microslide upper surface is frosting, and shrinkage pool spacing is 1 ~ 5mm, with suitable with the pearl sample diameter detected, and well stabilize pearl sample.
Of the present inventionly pearl to be detected and the method for gloss classification, mainly comprise the steps:
(1) pearl sample is put on the semicircle shrinkage pool of microslide, is placed on the objective table under objective lens;
(2) semiconductor laser light source is opened, laser vertically enters differential interference prism after beam splitter reflection, be irradiated to again on object lens, objective lens is aimed at pearl sample, choose the object lens of minimum multiplying power, adjusting knob makes sample surfaces be positioned on the focal plane of object lens, and light source is focused into the spot of diffraction restriction at sample surfaces through object lens, its reflected light or transmitted light again by object lens in the burnt Vacuum plate imaging of copolymerization, obtain the pattern of sample surfaces from scan detector; Change the object lens of larger multiplying power successively, present the trickle pattern of pearl surface until clear on scan detector, restart stepper motor, in longitudinal extent interscan, obtain the three-dimensional image of pearl sample;
(3) computing machine by being connected with scan detector, analyze the 3 D stereo pattern of gained, sample that surface has a directed cut is through polishing, according to gained 3 D stereo pattern, the surfaceness of calculation sample, determines the gloss ratings of pearl successively respectively.
The present invention is ad hoc differential interference prism on existing laser confocal microscope basis, light beam is resolved into the two-beam that polarization direction is different, polarizing light irradiation is to sample surfaces, after light there occurs phase shift, reach on differential interference prism in the convergence through object lens, the mutually perpendicular polarized light of two bundles is reassembled into same light beam by prism, and is transformed on amplitude by phase differential, thus forms the image with shade distinctions.
Copolymerization burnt pin hole planar imaging part is also set to double needle hole structure by the present invention, light source, photographed object point and surface sweeping detector can be made to be in the conjugate position corresponded to each other, light source is focused into the spot of diffraction restriction at sample surfaces through object lens, its reflected light or transmitted light again by object lens at the burnt pin hole planar imaging of copolymerization, improve microscopical rate respectively.
The present invention is also preferred laser instrument mates with object lens, and the optical wavelength coupling etc. of pinhole diameter light source, to obtain best three-dimensional image.
Present device structure is simple, and fast easy to use, measuring accuracy is high, and detection method is hindered sample nondestructive, can take the lead in observing the three-dimensional appearance of pearl surface, and obtain its defect situation and surfaceness in higher resolution.
(4) accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 is the core structural representation of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the external structure schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the slide configurations schematic diagram of pearl sample.
In figure, 1 semiconductor laser light source, 2 beam splitters, 3 differential interference prisms, 4 object lens, 5 scan detectors, 6 photomultipliers, 7 pin holes, 8 lens, 9 stepper motors, 10 coarse adjustment knobs, 11 fine tuning knobs, 12 objective tables, 13 microslides, 14 shrinkage pools.
(5) embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind ofly pearl to be detected and the device of gloss classification, the opticator comprising objective table 12 and be connected with objective table 12 by mechanical arm, semiconductor laser light source 1 is installed in described opticator, semiconductor laser light source 1 side is provided with beam splitter 2, differential interference prism 3 and object lens 4 are provided with from top to bottom below beam splitter 2, double needle hole structure and scan detector 5 is disposed with from lower to upper above beam splitter 3, double needle hole structure by the burnt pinhole arrangement of two identical copolymerization up and down parallel stacking form, the burnt pinhole arrangement of each copolymerization is by photomultiplier 6, pin hole 7 and lens 8 form, pin hole 7 is positioned at picture planimetric position, lens 8 are positioned in the light path above beam splitter 2, the laser that beam splitter 2 and semiconductor laser light source 1 export and differential interference prism 3 are all in 45 degree of angles, described object lens 4 side is connected with stepper motor 9, and scan detector 5 is connected with computing machine, described object lens 4 are made up of multiple objective lens, and Wavelength matched with semiconductor laser, described objective table 12 is provided with coarse adjustment knob 10 and fine tuning knob 11, the diameter of described pin hole 7 is 25 ~ 50 μm, described objective table 12 is arranged the microslide 13 that bottom surface is smooth, upper surface has semicircle shrinkage pool 14, described microslide 13 length is 6 ~ 9cm, width is 3 ~ 4cm, thickness is 3 ~ 10cm, and the diameter in semicircle recessed 14 holes is 2 ~ 20mm, and microslide 13 upper surface is frosting, and shrinkage pool 14 spacing is 1 ~ 5mm.
Utilize above-mentioned device, carry out the method for pearl detection and gloss classification, step is as follows:
Sample is the pearl that 5 diameters are about 10mm, and circularity is good.Sample is placed on microslide 13 successively, and is placed in together on the objective table 12 under object lens 4 camera lens.Open semiconductor laser light source 1, laser vertically enters differential interference prism 3 after beam splitter 2 reflects, be irradiated on object lens 4 again, by object lens 4 alignment lens first pearl sample, choose the object lens of minimum multiplying power, regulate coarse adjustment knob, fine tuning knob, sample surfaces is positioned on the focal plane of object lens 4.Light source is focused into the spot of diffraction restriction at sample surfaces through object lens 4, its reflected light or transmitted light pass through object lens 4 again at the burnt pin hole planar imaging of copolymerization, now can obtain the pattern of sample surfaces from scan detector 5; Change to the object lens of larger multiplying power successively, until the trickleer pattern of pearl surface can be seen clearly; Restart stepper motor 9, in certain longitudinal extent interscan, obtain the three-dimensional image of first sample.
Moving stage 12, changes sample, repeats above-mentioned steps, obtains second three-dimensional image to the 5th sample successively.
Analyze gained three-dimensional image, if surface has directed cut, then interpret sample is through polishing; According to gained three-dimensional image, the surfaceness of calculation sample, marks off the gloss ratings of these five pearls.
Embodiment 2:
Pearl detect and the device of gloss classification as embodiment 1, the method for pearl detection and gloss classification, step is as follows:
Sample is the pearl of 1 diameter about 4.5mm, and circularity is good, but surperficial defectiveness.Sample is placed into microslide 13 central pit hole to go out, and under being placed in object lens 4 camera lens together.By object lens 4 alignment lens pearl sample, choose the object lens of minimum multiplying power, regulate coarse adjustment fine tuning knob, make sample surfaces be positioned on the focal plane of object lens 4, now can obtain the pattern of sample surfaces from detector 5; Change to the object lens of larger multiplying power successively, until the trickleer pattern of pearl surface can be seen clearly; Restart stepper motor 9, in certain longitudinal extent interscan, obtain the three-dimensional image of sample.Then observe this three-dimensional image, obtain shape and the three-dimensional dimension of defect; Finally, according to this three-dimensional image, the surfaceness of calculation sample, marks off the gloss ratings of pearl.
Embodiment 3:
Pearl detect and the device of gloss classification as embodiment 1, the method for pearl detection and gloss classification, step is as follows:
Sample is the oval pearl of 1 about 4mm*6mm.Sample is placed in microslide 13 central pit hole 14 place, and under being placed in object lens 4 camera lens together.By object lens 4 alignment lens pearl sample, choose the object lens of minimum multiplying power, regulate coarse adjustment fine tuning knob, sample surfaces is positioned on the focal plane of object lens 4.The pattern of sample surfaces now can be obtained from detector 5; Change to the object lens 4 of larger multiplying power successively, until the trickleer pattern of pearl surface can be seen clearly; Restart stepper motor 9, in certain longitudinal extent interscan, obtain the three-dimensional image of sample; Then observe this three-dimensional image, if surface has directed cut, then interpret sample is through polishing; Finally, according to this three-dimensional image, the surfaceness of calculation sample, marks off the gloss ratings of pearl.
Embodiment 4:
According to GB18781-2008 " pearl classification " national standard, pearl classification is the classification (sea water pearls, fresh water pearl) according to pearl, evaluate from six aspect qualitative factors such as color, size, shape, gloss, smooth finish, pearl layer thicknesses (nucleated pearl) respectively, wherein color, gloss, smooth finish need to contrast with national standard sample to provide rank; Many Pearl Accessories need to carry out oeverall quality factor and matching rank is determined; Last according to pearl quality factor rank, the pearl being used for decorating is divided into jewelry level pearl and the large grade of technique grade pearl two
(1) Characterization of Pearl and classification
The qualification of pearl need distinguish natural peral or cultured pearl, and the aspects such as color, whether through artificial treatment, separate sea water pearls and fresh water pearl according to output waters simultaneously.
(2) qualitative factor level evaluation
Evaluate from six aspect qualitative factors such as color, size, shape, gloss, smooth finish, pearl layer thicknesses (nucleated pearl).
A. color
Color: the body colour of pearl, companion's look and iridescence comprehensive characteristics.
The body colour of pearl is divided into white, redness, yellow, black and other five series.
Pearl may have companion's look, as companion's looks such as white, pink, rose-colored, silvery white or greens; Pearl may have iridescence, and iridescence is divided into that iridescence is strong, iridescence is obvious, iridescence is general.
B. size
Size: the size of simple grain pearl.
Positive round, circle, subcircular pearl represent with minimum diameter,
Other shape pearls take advantage of minimum dimension to represent with full-size.
C. shape rank
Shape: the formalness of pearl.
Fresh water pearl shape rank:
Circle class: positive round A1, circle A2, closely round A3;
Oval class: short oval B1, long oval B2, free of water droplets shape, pyriform;
Oblate class: high shape C1, low shape C2;
Abnormity: D.
Sea water pearls shape rank:
Positive round A1, circle A2, closely round A3, ellipse (free of water droplets, pyriform) B, flat C, special-shaped D.
D. gloss grades
Gloss: the intensity of pearl surface reflected light and the readability of reflection.
Gloss grades: extremely strong A, strong B, middle C, weak D.
E. smooth finish rank
Smooth finish: pearl surface by the size of flaw, color position and how many determine smooth.Clean total degree.
Smooth finish rank: the A that has no time, micro-free time B, little free time C, flaw D, heavy free time E.
F. pearl layer thickness rank
Pearl layer thickness: from the outer vertical range to pearl surface of pearl core.
Current detection method comprises radiograph method, OCT optical coherence tomography pearl layer thickness detection method and the direct method of measurement.
Pearl layer thickness rank:
Special thick A >=0.6mm, thick B >=0.5mm, middle C >=0.4mm, thin D >=0.3mm, very thin E <=0.3mm.
(3) pearl grade is determined
By pearl quality factor rank, jewelry level pearl and the large grade of technique grade pearl two can be divided into for ornamental pearl.
A. the minimum levels necessitate of jewelry level pearl quality factor:
Gloss grades: in (C);
Smooth finish rank: minimum dimension at 9mm(containing 9mm) more than pearl: flaw (D);
Pearl layer thickness (nucleated pearl): thin (D).
B. technique grade pearl: what do not reach the requirement of jewelry level pearl is technique grade pearl.
Claims (4)
1. one kind to be detected pearl and the device of gloss classification, the opticator comprising objective table (12) and be connected with objective table (12) by mechanical arm, it is characterized in that: semiconductor laser light source (1) is installed in described opticator, semiconductor laser light source (1) side is provided with beam splitter (2), beam splitter (2) below is provided with differential interference prism (3) and object lens (4) from top to bottom, beam splitter (2) top is disposed with double needle hole structure and scan detector (5) from lower to upper, double needle hole structure by the burnt pinhole arrangement of two identical copolymerization up and down parallel stacking form, the burnt pinhole arrangement of each copolymerization is by photomultiplier (6), pin hole (7) and lens (8) composition, pin hole (7) is positioned at picture planimetric position, lens (8) are positioned in the light path of beam splitter (2) top, the laser that beam splitter (2) and semiconductor laser light source (1) export and differential interference prism (3) are all in 45 degree of angles, the diameter of described pin hole (7) is 25 ~ 50 μm, described objective table (12) is arranged the microslide (13) that bottom surface is smooth, upper surface has semicircle shrinkage pool (14), described object lens (4) side is connected with stepper motor (9), and scan detector (5) is connected with computing machine, described object lens (4) are made up of multiple objective lens, and Wavelength matched with semiconductor laser.
2. according to claim 1ly pearl to be detected and the device of gloss classification, it is characterized in that: described objective table (12) is provided with coarse adjustment knob (10) and fine tuning knob (11).
3. according to claim 1ly pearl to be detected and the device of gloss classification, it is characterized in that: described microslide (13) length is 6 ~ 9cm, width is 3 ~ 4cm, thickness is 3 ~ 10cm, the diameter of semicircle shrinkage pool (14) is 2 ~ 20mm, microslide (13) upper surface is frosting, and shrinkage pool (14) spacing is 1 ~ 5mm.
4. use device as claimed in claim 1 to detect pearl and the method for gloss classification, it is characterized in that: mainly comprise the steps: that pearl sample is put on the semicircle shrinkage pool (14) of microslide (13) by (1), be placed on the objective table (12) under object lens (4) camera lens; (2) semiconductor laser light source (1) is opened, laser vertically enters differential interference prism (3) after beam splitter (2) reflection, be irradiated on object lens (4) again, by object lens (4) alignment lens pearl sample, choose the object lens (4) of minimum multiplying power, adjusting knob makes sample surfaces be positioned on the focal plane of object lens (4), light source is focused into the spot of diffraction restriction at sample surfaces through object lens (4), its reflected light or transmitted light pass through object lens (4) again in the burnt Vacuum plate imaging of copolymerization, obtain the pattern of sample surfaces from scan detector (5); Change the object lens (4) of larger multiplying power successively, until scan detector (5) is above clear present the trickle pattern of pearl surface, restart stepper motor (9), in longitudinal extent interscan, obtain the three-dimensional image of pearl sample; (3) computing machine by being connected with scan detector (5), the 3 D stereo pattern of gained is analyzed, the sample that surface has a directed cut is through polishing, according to gained 3 D stereo pattern, the surfaceness of calculation sample, determines the gloss ratings of pearl successively respectively.
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| CN201210070028.3A CN102608076B (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2012-03-16 | Device and method for carrying out detection and gloss classification on pearls |
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| CN201210070028.3A CN102608076B (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2012-03-16 | Device and method for carrying out detection and gloss classification on pearls |
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| CN202522515U (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-11-07 | 国家黄金钻石制品质量监督检验中心 | Detection and gloss grading device for pearls |
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| JP3757854B2 (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2006-03-22 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Method and apparatus for analyzing sample containing a plurality of fluorescent substances |
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| CN2416510Y (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2001-01-24 | 南京理工大学 | Laser confocal screening microscope |
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| CN101957312A (en) * | 2010-10-23 | 2011-01-26 | 福州大学 | Nondestructive testing device for identifying authenticity of pearl |
| CN202049112U (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-11-23 | 张娴 | Pearl quality detecting device |
| CN202522515U (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-11-07 | 国家黄金钻石制品质量监督检验中心 | Detection and gloss grading device for pearls |
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