CN102603430B - Compost tea for improving soil hardness and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a compost tea for improving the soil hardness and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of soil improvement. The preparation method of the compost tea suitable for improving the hardness soil comprises three parts: material selection, preparation process and quality index selection. The applying method of the compost tea comprises the step of selecting parameters of applying condition, applying time and applying amount. The preparation method of the compost tea has the advantages of easily obtained materials, lower cost, simple preparation process and simple applying method. The preparation of the improved hardened soil of the compost tea has the advantages of high efficiency and short time, and the crumb structure of the hardened soil is remarkably improved 40-50 days after the application of the compost tea. Chemically synthesized substances are not needed in the materials, and the compost tea solution prepared is pollution-free to the environment, thereby conforming to the need of agricultural sustainable development.

Description

Compost tea for improving soil compaction and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a compost tea for improving soil compaction and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

(1) Soil compaction is an important problem in the sustainable development of agriculture

As countries around the world pay more and more attention to the sustainable development of agriculture, higher requirements are put forward for the sustainability of soil production capacity. Especially in the severe situation of my country's large population, little arable land, and food security, how to ensure the sustainable production capacity of soil is particularly important. Soil compaction is one of the important manifestations of soil degradation, especially the subsurface soil compaction, which restricts the growth of plant roots underground. In the middle and late stages of plant growth, if there is little rainfall and high evaporation, soil compaction seriously affects the water absorption of plants. Drought can limit plant growth and yield development. Deep tillage is often used to slow down soil compaction, but the effect of deep tillage is short-lived and has high energy and time costs. Deep tillage to slow soil compaction also destroys the surface cover developed over years of no-till management, and also increases the risk of soil erosion and topsoil compaction.

(2) Compost tea provides the possibility for the improvement of compacted soil

Compost tea refers to the water extract obtained by fermenting composted and decomposed organic materials, which not only contains a large number of beneficial microorganisms, but also contains a large amount of nutrients. The principle is to add specific microbial food in the process of making compost tea, making the soil food web more healthy. In recent years, the effect and application of compost tea in organic agriculture has gradually been recognized, because the use of compost tea has the following advantages: (1) inhibit disease or improve crop disease resistance, so as to enhance crop health and reduce exposure to pesticides demand; (2) provide water-soluble nutrients to plants to reduce fertilizer requirements and reduce costs; and (3) increase soil microbial biomass and diversity to improve soil structure, water retention, and promote root and plant growth. As early as the 1920s, European gardeners used compost tea to soak seeds and sprinkle irrigation to increase soil fertility and prevent crushing disease. It was not until the mid-1980s that some scientists in the United States began to study compost tea, and it was applied in some organic farms. At present, the research and application of compost tea in foreign countries mostly focus on its control effect on plant diseases and insect pests, while the research on its nutritional effect is still rare, and the reports on its use in soil improvement are even more scarce.

(3) The production of compost tea and its application in compacted soil improvement will provide a new way for the sustainable development of agriculture

In view of the many advantages of compost tea in agricultural applications, the improvement of compacted soil by making high-quality compost tea will provide a new way for the sustainable development of agriculture. Because different types of soil microorganisms play different roles in soil, there are great differences in improving soil structure. By adjusting the formula of compost tea to produce high-quality compost tea that is conducive to improving soil structure and optimizing its application method, for It provides a new method to solve the problem of soil compaction in the process of sustainable agricultural development.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above technical problems, the present invention designs and provides a compost tea which is especially suitable for improving the aggregate structure of compacted soil and its production and application method. The method is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and fast in improving effect. The method is suitable for changing water to dryness in paddy fields, loosening soil with large bulk density such as red clay and sandy ginger black soil, no-tillage fertilization and soil improvement of perennial crops such as tea and fruit trees.

The preparation of the compost tea suitable for compacted soil improvement of the present invention includes three parts: material selection, production process and quality index selection; the application method of compost tea includes the selection of parameters of application conditions, application time and application amount.

The preparation method of the compost tea for improving soil compaction of the present invention is:

Step 1: Put the compost into a mesh bag with a mesh diameter of 0.08-0.50mm;

Step 2: Add water to the container, place the ventilation tube at the bottom of the container, the aeration rate of 1m ³ water is 0.2-0.8L/h, ventilate for 20-60min, after removing the chlorine, add the mass ratio is 1: (1.5-5.0): (1.5-4.5) of molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid, then put the mesh bag of composting in step 1 into water, and the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: (10-40); molasses, seaweed powder and The total mass of humic acid added is 1-5% of the compost mass;

Step 3: Avoid strong light during the extraction and fermentation process, keep the solution ventilated, and control the outside temperature at 20-35°C, preferably 25-30°C. After 24-48 hours, the compost tea that improves soil compaction is obtained.

The compost is selected to meet the requirements of organic fertilizer NY525-2011 and bio-organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004, and the biological indicators are: active bacteria ≥ 15 μg/mg, all bacteria ≥ 15 μg/mg, active fungi ≥ 10 μg/mg and all Fungi ≥ 200 μg/mg.

The biological indicators of the compost tea for improving soil compaction prepared in step 3 are: active bacteria ≥ 10 μg/ml, total bacteria ≥ 150 μg/ml, active fungi ≥ 10 μg/ml and total fungi ≥ 20 μg/ml.

The application method of the compost tea for improving soil compaction prepared in step 3 is as follows: the prepared compost tea for improving soil compaction is used up within 6 hours, the application amount per mu is 10-20L, and 50-250 times the quality of water is added to dilute after application.

The diluted compost tea can be watered directly to the roots of the crops, or a drip irrigation system can be used.

Beneficial effects: 1) The material for making compost tea in the present invention is very easy to obtain, and the cost is low, the production process is simple, and the application method is simple; 2) The efficiency of improving compacted soil in the present invention is high, and the time is short, and the compost tea is watered for about 40 -After 50 days, the aggregate structure of the compacted soil is significantly improved; 3) the raw materials used in the present invention do not add chemical synthetic substances, and the compost tea solution produced has no pollution to the environment and meets the needs of sustainable agricultural development.

Description of drawings

Figure 1: The soil normalized mean equivalent diameter NMWD value of the mortar black soil soil in Example 2 after adding compost tea for 45 days and the soil control sample without adding compost tea.

Fig. 2: The results of soil bulk density inside and outside the canopy of papaya seedlings transplanted 6 months after application of compost tea and no compost tea in papaya orchard in brick red soil in Example 3.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

Step 1: Put the compost into a mesh bag with a mesh diameter of 0.15mm;

Step 2: Add water to the container, place the ventilation tube at the bottom of the container, aerate ^1m3 of water at a rate of 0.2L/h, ventilate for 30min, and add molasses, seaweed powder and rotten water with a mass ratio of 1:4:3 after removing chlorine gas. Humic acid, then put into the water the mesh bag of composting in step 1, the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: 20; Molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add total mass and are 2% of composting quality;

Step 3: Avoid strong direct sunlight during the extraction and fermentation process, keep the solution ventilated, and control the outside temperature at 25-30°C. After 24 hours, a compost tea that improves soil compaction is obtained.

The compost is selected to meet the requirements of organic fertilizer NY525-2011 and bio-organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004, and the biological indicators are: active bacteria ≥ 15 μg/mg, all bacteria ≥ 15 μg/mg, active fungi ≥ 10 μg/mg and all Fungi ≥ 200 μg/mg.

The biological indicators of the above prepared compost tea for improving soil compaction are: active bacteria ≥ 10 μg/ml, total bacteria ≥ 150 μg/ml, active fungi ≥ 10 μg/ml and total fungi ≥ 20 μg/ml.

Tomato biomass and soil structure after 40 days of planting tomatoes with compost tea on paddy soil: Vegetable planting requires loose soil, and unripe paddy soil is usually more compacted, which is not conducive to vegetable growth. The experiment is to plant tomatoes on paddy soil to reduce fertilizer input. Water the compost tea prepared above under 50% of the situation, and use up the compost tea made within 6 hours. The amount of application per mu is 20L. Add 100 times the quality of water to dilute it and then directly pour it on the tomato roots. After 40 days, The growth status and biomass of tomato were not statistically different from the treatment with conventional fertilization (100% chemical fertilizer), meanwhile, the soil aggregate structure of the compost tea treatment was significantly better than that of the conventional fertilization treatment. Experiments show that planting vegetables on compacted soil by adopting the compost tea made by the present invention and its use method can not only improve the compacted soil (form a good soil aggregate structure), but also reduce the input amount of chemical fertilizers.

Example 2:

Step 1: Put the compost into a mesh bag with a mesh diameter of 0.15mm;

Step 2: Add water to the container, place the ventilation tube at the bottom of the container, aerate ^1m3 of water at a rate of 0.2L/h, ventilate for 30min, and add molasses, seaweed powder and rotten water with a mass ratio of 1:3:2 after removing chlorine gas. Humic acid, then put the net bag of compost in step 1 into water, the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: 10; Molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add total mass and are 3% of compost quality;

Step 3: Avoid direct sunlight during the extraction and fermentation process, keep the solution ventilated, and control the outside temperature at 25-30°C. After 36 hours, the compost tea that improves soil compaction is obtained.

The compost is selected to meet the requirements of organic fertilizer NY525-2011 and bio-organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004, and the biological indicators are: active bacteria ≥ 15 μg/mg, all bacteria ≥ 15 μg/mg, active fungi ≥ 10 μg/mg and all Fungi ≥ 200 μg/mg.

The biological indicators of the above prepared compost tea for improving soil compaction are: active bacteria ≥ 10 μg/ml, total bacteria ≥ 150 μg/ml, active fungi ≥ 10 μg/ml and total fungi ≥ 20 μg/ml.

Effect of compost tea addition on soil structure of mortar black soil (soil cultured for 45 days):

Shajiang black soil is a typical compacted soil, which has bad properties such as poor soil structure, poor soil physical properties, and low nutrient content. The characteristics of its soil structure are that the plow layer is shallow (generally about 12 cm) and relatively loose, and the plow bottom layer is thick (generally 15-20 cm) and compact. The main manifestations of poor physical properties are that, in addition to the granular structure of the plow layer, The prismatic structure of the soil body is developed, the soil layer is solid, and the soil bulk density is large. The cultivated layer is about 1.4g/ ^cm3 , and the rest of the soil layers are above. The total soil porosity and air porosity are small, and the cultivated layer is 47% And about 8%, the remaining soil layers are about 45% and 2% respectively, the permeability is very poor, and the plow bottom layer is basically an impermeable layer. In terms of mechanical composition, the clay content of the plow layer is lower than that of the plow bottom layer and the sand ginger layer, with an average of 22.95%, and the content of the silt layer is higher, generally above 57%. The characteristics of this kind of soil structure and physical properties are reflected in agricultural cultivation: hard when dry, muddy when wet, poor plowability, and short suitable tillage period (3-5 days).

The normalized mean equivalent diameter (NMWD value) is an index to measure the stability of soil aggregates, and the lower the value, the less stable the aggregate. The present embodiment adopts the test soil-Shajiang black soil to carry out the soil constant temperature cultivation experiment. Weigh 150g of soil, set the treatment as: compost tea treatment and control, apply 100ml/kg of compost tea, make up the remaining water with deionized water, adjust the soil water content to 60% of the field water holding capacity of the soil, and use polyethylene plastic for the plastic cup Seal the plastic wrap and leave a small hole in the middle of the plastic wrap to facilitate gas exchange and prevent excessive moisture loss. The beakers were placed in a constant temperature incubator at 25°C for cultivation, and were weighed every 3 days and supplemented with water to keep the soil moisture content constant. The cultivation experiment lasted for 45 days, and the air-dried soil was tested for its aggregate structure. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the soil NMWD value of the compost tea treatment was significantly higher than that of the control treatment, and the NMWD value of the compost tea treatment was 19.3% higher than that of the control treatment. This example shows that the present invention can still improve the aggregate structure of compacted soil (shajiang black soil) well without planting plants.

Example 3:

Step 1: Put the compost into a mesh bag with a mesh diameter of 0.50mm;

Step 2: Add water to the container, place the ventilation tube at the bottom of the container, aerate ^1m3 of water at a rate of 0.5L/h, ventilate for 30min, and add molasses, seaweed powder and rotten water with a mass ratio of 1:2:2 after removing chlorine. Humic acid, then put into the water the mesh bag of composting in step 1, the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: 15; The total quality of molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid is 1% of composting quality;

Step 3: Avoid strong direct sunlight during the extraction and fermentation process, keep the solution ventilated, and control the outside temperature at 25-30°C. After 48 hours, a compost tea that improves soil compaction is obtained.

The compost is selected to meet the requirements of organic fertilizer NY525-2011 and bio-organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004, and the biological indicators are: active bacteria ≥ 15 μg/mg, all bacteria ≥ 15 μg/mg, active fungi ≥ 10 μg/mg and all Fungi ≥ 200 μg/mg.

The biological indicators of the above prepared compost tea for improving soil compaction are: active bacteria ≥ 10 μg/ml, total bacteria ≥ 150 μg/ml, active fungi ≥ 10 μg/ml and total fungi ≥ 20 μg/ml.

Effects of compost tea application on soil bulk density in papaya orchard in brick red soil:

For hundreds of years, plowshare tillage has been the basis of dry farming agricultural production. Tillage has been widely used on flat, wet and sticky land. However, in undulating areas, frequent tillage aggravates soil erosion, resulting in poor soil fertility. degradation. No-tillage has the advantages of reducing labor intensity and time, reducing mechanical loss, reducing fuel costs, reducing soil erosion, maintaining soil moisture, improving soil plowability, improving soil water infiltration performance, increasing soil organic matter content, reducing CO ₂ emissions and air pollution, continuous cultivated land Sexual use, increasing farmers' income and other characteristics. Therefore, the development of no-tillage technology is the best choice for sustainable and profitable agriculture. Deep plowing during the planting of perennial fruit trees is easy to damage the roots, which provides opportunities for pathogenic bacteria to enter the fruit trees, thereby affecting the growth of crops.

Brick red soil is a deep red soil developed from the intense aluminum-rich and bio-enrichment of soil in tropical rainforest or monsoon rainforest under tropical monsoon climate. In the experiment, the papaya orchard in brick red soil was irrigated twice a month with the above-mentioned compost tea, and the application rate per mu was 20L. In the first 3 months after planting, 200 times the quality of water was added to dilute the compost tea and then watered on the papaya roots. In the 4th month after planting, add 100 times the quality of water to dilute the compost tea and water it on the papaya roots. Figure 2 shows the results of the soil bulk density inside and outside the canopy of the papaya seedlings treated with compost tea and the control treatment 6 months after transplanting. The soil bulk density inside the canopy of papaya treated with compost tea was significantly lower than that outside the canopy and the control treatment. This example shows that the new technology can improve the soil aggregate structure of brick red soil, and achieve good results in no-tillage in orchards.

Claims (3)

1. a preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction, is characterized in that, its concrete preparation process is:

Step 1: compost is packed in the mesh bag that mesh diameter is 0.08-0.50mm;

Step 2: add water in container, ventpipe is placed in to container bottom, 1m ³the aeration rate of water is 0.2-0.8L/h, ventilation 20-60min, remove after chlorine that to add mass ratio be 1:(1.5-5.0): molasses (1.5-4.5), seaweed powder and humic acid, then the mesh bag that installs compost in step 1 is put into to water, the mass ratio of compost and water is 1:(10-40); Molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add the 1-5% that total mass is compost quality;

Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilating in solution, outside air temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, through 24-48 hour, makes the compost tea that improves soil compaction;

Described compost meets fertilizer NY525-2011 and biological organic fertilizer standard NY884-2004 requirement, and Biological indicators are: activated bacterial >=15 μ g/mg, whole bacterium >=15 μ g/mg, activity fungal >=10 μ g/mg and whole fungi >=200 μ g/mg;

The Biological indicators of the compost tea that improves soil compaction that step 3 makes are: activated bacterial >=10 μ g/ml, whole bacterium >=150 μ g/ml, activity fungal >=10 μ g/ml and whole fungi >=20 μ g/ml.

2. a kind of preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the application process of the compost tea that improves soil compaction that step 3 makes is: the compost tea that improves soil compaction made was finished using in 6 hours, the amount of application of every mu is 10-20L, uses after adding the water dilution of 50-250 times of quality.

3. a kind of preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the compost tea after dilution directly is poured onto crop root, or adopt drip irrigation system.

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