Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the low a kind of feather vertical axis windmill that starts wind speed, wide operating range, high-output power.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
a kind of feather vertical axis windmill of the present invention, it is characterized in that: comprise generator, pylon, wind wheel, main shaft, blade, actuating motor, spindle encoder, flow direction vane, anemoscope, variable-pitch control system, main shaft and generator are arranged on respectively on pylon, wind wheel is arranged on main shaft and rotates around the spindle, rotatablely moving of wind wheel is delivered on generator through the chain transmission, blades installation rotation rotating around the spindle with wind wheel on wind wheel, actuating motor connects blade, spindle encoder connects respectively main shaft and wind wheel and rotates and gather the wind wheel instantaneous position with wind wheel, flow direction vane and anemoscope are arranged on the spindle encoder top, generator is the variable-pitch control system power supply, variable-pitch control system is controlled the blade pitch angle.
The present invention can also comprise:
1, described variable-pitch control system comprises single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer comprises A/D module, interruption and I/O module, flow direction vane, anemoscope signal change into digital signal through the A/D module, the spindle encoder signal changes into digital signal through interruption and I/O module, digital signal output pwm signal after the single-chip microcomputer computing drives actuating motor, and actuating motor is adjusted the blade pitch angle.
2, also comprise power conversion system, power conversion system comprises rectifier, DC/DC transducer, inverter, storage battery, rectifier connects the DC/DC transducer, the DC/DC transducer connects respectively storage battery and inverter, storage battery connects respectively variable-pitch control system and DC load, and inverter connects AC load, and rectifier is connected with generator, it is charge in batteries that the electricity that generator sends is transformed to direct current through DC/DC after by rectifier rectification, and storage battery connects variable-pitch control system.
3, also comprise blade encoder, Hall transducer, H bridge power amplifier module, the blade encoder is arranged on the actuating motor speed end, Hall transducer is arranged on the two ends of blade, H bridge power amplifier module is arranged between single-chip microcomputer and actuating motor, and the pwm signal of single-chip microcomputer output is through H bridge power amplifier module rear driving actuating motor.
Advantage of the present invention is: the present invention has reduced wind energy conversion system and has started wind speed, has improved startability and wind energy utilization, has widened the operating range of wind energy conversion system, and system flexibility is strong, and application is wide, and economic and social benefit is remarkable.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, for example the present invention is described in more detail:
In conjunction with Fig. 1~7, main shaft 4 of the present invention is fixed with pylon 1, wind wheel 3 is around main shaft 4 revolution, blade 5 adopts the two end supports form and is arranged on the wind wheel support arm, blade 5 rotating shafts are connected with wind wheel 3 by angular contact ball bearing, blade 5 is connected by coupling with actuating motor 6, can realize that blade 5 is around self rotating shaft rotation.Spindle encoder 8 inner rings and main shaft 4 are fixed, and outer ring and wind wheel 3 are fixed, and rotate to gather the wind wheel instantaneous position with wind wheel 3.Flow direction vane 9 and anemoscope 10 gather respectively wind speed size and the wind vector of External airflow field, for controller provides input signal.Rotatablely moving of wind wheel is delivered to generator 2 through the chain transmission, completes the conversion of wind energy to electric energy, and the electric energy that generator 2 sends enters power conversion system 11.In the electric power variation process, electric energy is after rectifier 11-1 rectification, be delivered to inverter 11-3 through one-level DC/DC conversion 11-2, and the ac power supply after inversion can be just AC load 11-4 power supply.Direct current through DC/DC conversion 11-2 can be storage battery 11-5 charging simultaneously, and the DC electrical source of storage can be DC load 11-6 power supply, is also variable-pitch control system 12 power supplies of wind energy conversion system, realizes the wind turbine system energy-autarchic.
in conjunction with Fig. 3, variable-pitch control system of the present invention is usingd single-chip microcomputer 16 as control core, wind direction and wind speed and wind wheel corner are as the input signal of system, this input signal is through flow direction vane 9 and anemoscope 10 and spindle encoder 8 collections, A/D module by single-chip microcomputer, interruption and I/O are converted into the discernible digital signal of system, via single-chip microcomputer internal processes algorithm output pwm signal, by H bridge power amplifier module 13, drive actuating motor 6, actuating motor 6 is adjusted the blade pitch angle by worm type of reduction gearing 14, blade encoder 7 is arranged on actuating motor 6 speed end to return to the blade pitch angle position signal.Hall transducer 15 is installed at the blade two ends, in the blade rotary process, carries out location position, has obtained the absolute position of blade rotating angle, avoids simultaneously the generation of blade pitch angle integrating error.
In conjunction with Fig. 4, feather vertical axis windmill of the present invention is self-supporting energy system, and namely the various energy consumptions of electrical servo variable-pitch control system 12 are all to be provided by the electric energy that wind energy conversion system generator 2 sends.The electric energy that generator 2 sends is converted into galvanic current and is 24V storage battery 11-5 charging through power conversion system 11, and the direct current of storage battery 11-5 output is mainly electrical servo variable-pitch control system 12 provides power power-supply and digital power.On the one hand, the 24V direct current is converted to 12V numeral electricity through DC/DC, then transfers the 5V power supply to through switch power LM2576-5, is single-chip microcomputer 16 power supplies.On the other hand, the 24V direct current is actuating motor 6 power supplies through H bridge power amplifier module 13, realizes that the servo feather of blade 5 is controlled; The 24V direct current is also operational amplifier, photoelectric isolated chip 6N137 and the power supply of IR2112 constant power element simultaneously, realizes that finally the servo feather of vertical axis windmill is controlled.
In conjunction with Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, vertical axis windmill feather working principle of the present invention is: according to the wind regime information of flow direction vane 9 and anemoscope 10 collections, the vertical-shaft wind machine controller is enabled different mode of operations, to realize the maximum power output of wind energy conversion system.Its working principle is as follows: (size of startup wind speed is relevant with the efficiency of the friction factor of mechanical structure and generator when gathering wind speed V lower than startup wind speed Vstart, the startup wind speed of vertical axis windmill of the present invention is 2m/s), wind energy conversion system controller resistance of start start-up mode, servo variable-pitch control system utilizes the advantage of shaft resistance type windmill, the adjusting vane propeller pitch angle is realized maximum starting torque control, the low wind speed of realizing wind energy conversion system starts, the operating range under the low wind speed of expansion.When gathering wind speed V when starting between wind speed Vstart and specified operating air velocity VN, wind energy conversion system is operated in the lift operating mode, improves wind energy conversion system maximal wind-energy utilization ratio.When wind speed surpasses rated wind speed and in work wind speed range the time, wind energy conversion system is operated in specified running state, rotation speed of fan is not changing with wind speed, but by regulating load electric current and blade pitch angle, realizes the optimum Match of wind speed, rotating speed and load, to improve the wind energy conversion system output power.When wind speed surpassed work wind speed, servo variable-pitch control system adjusting vane propeller pitch angle, realized the braking of wind energy conversion system, to guarantee security of system.Fig. 6 has provided the feather control law of resistance start-up mode, lift operating mode and specified operating mode.
In conjunction with Fig. 7, the control core device of electrical servo variable-pitch control system of the present invention is single-chip microcomputer, adopts the PID controlling method to realize the feather control of blade.At first the feather process is achieved in that at initial phase composes the PWM value, drive vane 5 rotations, and when blade 5 arrived calibration position, leaf position flag bit M_Flag put 1, and blade 5 stops operating, leaf position flag bit zero clearing simultaneously; When wind wheel 3 rotations trigger the Z signal of spindle encoder 8, trigger external interrupt INT0, wind wheel tick lables position Z_Flag puts 1, wind wheel position zero clearing simultaneously, initialization finishes.The propeller pitch angle adjustment process, at first calculate the blade movement specified rate, and specified rate is carried out to data and process the unification of the unit of realization; After obtaining setting value, enter the error calculation process, and carry out the data processing to avoid the sudden change of leaf position marker bit state; After obtaining error amount, enter the pid stream journey, after PID regulates, need the PWM value is carried out to saturated restriction, to prevent the generation of the full dutycycle situation of PWM; Finally detect the demarcation signal of blade 5, until Interruption triggers, a sampling period finishes.
In the present invention, vertical axis windmill electrical servo feather is controlled and is adopted medelling stage by stage to control, and makes control law more adapt to wind energy conversion system runnability, can realize freely switching of wind energy conversion system operating mode, increases the flexibility that feather is controlled; The feather of medelling is simultaneously controlled the operation that has realized the wind energy conversion system continous-stable, has avoided the long-time holding state of horizontal-shaft wind turbine, has increased the generated energy of vertical axis windmill.
The start up period of wind energy conversion system, electrical servo pitch-variable system adjusting vane propeller pitch angle is realized wind energy conversion system resistance start-up mode, reduces wind energy conversion system and starts wind speed, widens the low wind speed operating range of wind energy conversion system.
Wind energy conversion system by the start up period in specified operation phase transient process, wind energy conversion system adopts lift-type feather control law, and enters lift mode and constantly adjust the blade pitch angle, to realize the maximum instantaneous power output of wind energy conversion system, improves wind energy utilization.
Wind energy conversion system is under specified operating mode, when guaranteeing maximum power output, consider load electricity consumption situation, adjusting by load current and blade pitch angle, realize the optimum Match of wind energy conversion system rotating speed and wind speed and load, increase the proportion of wind energy conversion system maximum power output in the wind energy conversion system running.
At wind speed, during greater than the wind energy conversion system work wind speed, by quick adjustment blade pitch angle, make blade parallel with wind direction, greatly reduce the wind that blade bears and carry, guarantee security of system work; Simultaneously at wind speed during less than survival wind speed, the electrical servo pitch-variable system is regulated again propeller pitch angle automatically, makes blade realize normal operation.