CN102696514B - Ecological fish culture and biological water purification integrated breeding system and method - Google Patents
Ecological fish culture and biological water purification integrated breeding system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological fish culture and biological water purification integrated breeding system and an ecological fish culture and biological water purification integrated breeding method, and solves the problems that feed is utilized incompletely, water eutrophication is aggravated, the fish products have low quality and the like in the conventional fish culture in running water. The breeding system mainly comprises a running water pool (1) with a water inlet (2) and a water outlet (3) and is characterized in that an interception device (4) for intercepting plankton is arranged at the water outlet (3) in the running water pool (1). The invention also relates to the ecological fish culture and biological water purification integrated breeding method. In the system and the method, the feed can be utilized completely and the aim of feeding little bait or no bait and not applying fertilizer is fulfilled. The system and the method have the advantages of ecological fish culture and biological water purification.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of pond for cultivation, specifically refers to Ecological Fish Culture and the integrated cultivating system of biological water purification; The invention still further relates to the method for cultivation.
Background technology
Great river ecological fish various in style, mouthfeel is good, nutritious, and supply falls short of demand in market; The present ecological fish high-grade healthy food that pursue in city that come into fashion.According to the market price, more this problem can be described, as: catfish valency differs one times, and Huang Lading, clear rasbora differ 2-3 times, and Jiang Tuanyu differs 3-5 times, and soft-shelled turtle differs 6-8 times, and rare kind reaches 300-400 yuan as 1 kilogram of mullet, the former carp price of rock.Ecological fish price can be in any more for a long time, has beyond measure potentiality to be exploited, and market shows pursuing obviously of large freshwater fish: ecological fish has become the developing direction of fishery market.
Research shows, great river fish is grown in flowing water environment, and except discharge condition, its living environment also needs that water quality is pure and fresh, bait is diversified.And the pure and fresh essence of water quality is heavy-oxygen-enriched water (oxygen content 8.0 milligrams/more than L), extremely low without poisonous and harmful substances or content, recognize these basic points and requirement, imitative wild breeding fish just had practicable foundation: i.e. flowing water, heavy-oxygen-enriched water, nontoxic water source, nuisance free feed, ecological bait, profundal zone, littoral zone and fatten the bare bones such as flowing water open countryization handling in later stage.And existing fish culture in running water is by current oxygen supply, artificial method for bait is carried out biochemical reaction, thereby obtains fishery-ies product.The shortcoming of this fish culture in running water is:
1, the design of existing fish culture in running water and method, only focus on pursuing the specific yield of fishery-ies product, do not consider sustainable development, thereby ignored the problem of the ecological balance, fishery-ies product quality.The same with the problem that cage bird existed originally, only solved basic existence problem, do not note the diversity of fish demand.As pure and fresh in water quality, flowing water district, relatively inner lead, profundal zone, littoral zone, the pollution of breeding fish to water body, and fatten the factors such as later stage flowing water open countryization handling.
2, in order to pursue the specific yield of fishery-ies product, aspect the production preparation of feed, using in a large number especially bait, growth accelerator, the chemical substances such as antibiotic, and ignored the pursuit to healthy ecology fishery-ies product.
3, because feedstuff feeding amount is large, feed coefficient is high, causes current fish culture in running water not only to increase the weight of body eutrophication, and economic benefit is extremely low, and existing fish culture in running water is in stagnating, leave unused, fall into disuse state.
4, aqiuculrue exists exploitation excessively, seriously polluted, the problem that benefit is low.The development of aqiuculrue is in the last thirty years in the leap phase, and the emphasis of research and development concentrates on the output that improves unit are, solves the problem of food and clothing of shortage economy phase.Be subject to this inertia impact, aqiuculrue, in " Hubei and Hunan Provinces " and the serious excessively exploitation of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces one band, is mainly manifested in: the one, build in a large number pond, and the 2nd, the feed of throwing something and feeding in a large number, drops into fertilizer.Overdeveloped result has caused the destruction of water area ecological environment, causes the disease in fish production serious, and economic benefit obviously declines, difficult sustainable development.
The shortcoming of aqiuculrue is in particular in: breed variety, production model unification; The low amount of product matter is high, the serious eutrophication of water ecological environment; Low in economic efficiency, fishman takes in continuous reduction, production, living environment pauperization.Fishman, by expanding pond scale, increases fingerling supply volume, increases feedstuff feeding amount and solves the problem that income constantly declines.Thereby circulation be absorbed in this " output " vicious circle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve current fish culture in running water insufficient to food utilization, increase the weight of body eutrophication, the low inferior problem of fishery-ies product quality, also comprises the problem existing in aqiuculrue.A kind of Ecological Fish Culture addressing the above problem and the integrated cultivating system of biological water purification and cultural method thereof are provided.
Aquatic products scientific research and practitioner are noted that 1, any commercial activity all can not be sacrificed environmental protection, and we will not have future there is no environmental protection; 2, fishery is an important component part of aquatic ecosystem, safeguards water area ecological environment, and keeping aquatic ecological is the inevitable requirement of social development, and changing type of production fishery into functional environment-friendly type fishery is our duty-bound responsibility and obligation.
And principle of the present invention is to supply dissolved oxygen and plankton by ecological flow water extraction, and simulate flowing water natural, ecological formation production line, carry out multi-stage biological utilization, produce the aquatic products of health, high-quality.Its key problem in technology is to make full use of the plankton that lotic ecosystem provides and simulates flowing water natural ecological environment, imitates wild breeding fish.The target that this invention is pursued has two, and the one, environment protection significance---tool protection water area ecological environment, the function of maintaining ecological balance; The 2nd, healthy ecology fishery-ies product.
By above principle, the technical scheme that the present invention designs is as follows:
Ecological Fish Culture and the integrated cultivating system of biological water purification, be mainly comprised of the flowing water pond with water inlet and delivery port, and described water outlet is provided with the planktonic blocking apparatus of interception.
Further, described blocking apparatus is the filter screen of 60～400 Mu ∕ inch.
As a kind of preferred, in described flowing water pond, water outlet is also provided with the waterwall that embeds stream pool wall of pool, is also provided with draining bottom outlet on this waterwall; Described filter screen is arranged on this waterwall and covers this draining bottom outlet.
In order effectively to control the height of flowing water pool inner water position, be also provided with between described waterwall and delivery port the water level control wall that embeds stream pool wall of pool; Described water level is controlled on wall and is provided with emptying bottom outlet.
As a kind of preferred set-up mode, on described draining bottom outlet, be provided with fish screen.
Further, described waterwall and water level are controlled wall and are built into by cement mortar, and described stream pool wall of pool is comprised of concrete.
Preferably, described filter screen is 60～200 Mu ∕ inch.
Ecological Fish Culture and the integrated cultural method of biological water purification, mainly comprise the following steps:
(1) ecological flowing water flows into flowing water pond from water inlet constantly, and the plankton naturally existing is brought in flowing water pond;
(2) enter the bottom of the plankton formation flowing water pond food chain in flowing water pond, for flowing water pond food chain provides foundation bait;
(3) when the ecological flowing water in flowing water pond flows out from delivery port, zooplankton is wherein tackled by filter screen, and concentrates, is enriched in flowing water pond;
(4) zooplankton of enrichment, has given play to interception function by the phytoplankton that ingests, organic matter, bacterial mass; Thereby amplify filter screen interception function;
(5) along with lasting inflow and the outflow of ecological flowing water, the zooplankton in flowing water pond increases gradually, thereby is the biological continual increasing foundation bait that provides of the raising in flowing water pond.
Wherein, described step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
Using plankton as foundation bait, carry out the nursing of filter feeder; Using the young of filter feeder as secondary bait, carry out the nursing of predacious fish or spiral shell, shrimp are carried out to the nursing of soft-shelled turtle as secondary bait.
As a kind of preferred, described filter feeder comprises silver carp, bighead, the aquatic animal young and spiral shell, shrimp.
The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, the present invention arranges by simple and cleverly filter screen, has played the fundamental role that concentrates and cultivate food organisms, for environmental and ecological fishery and biological water purification technology have been established theory and practical basis.Overcome the insufficient body eutrophication that increases the weight of of food utilization in traditional cultural technique, the low inferior problem of fishery-ies product quality.For culture fishery provides a brand-new cultivation thinking, there is the aquatic ecological of maintenance, realize the substantive distinguishing features of sustainable development, be an innovation greatly of cultural technique, there is marked improvement.
2, the present invention is by the setting of filter screen, effectively the plankton naturally existing in ecological flowing water is enriched in flowing water pond, As time goes on, effectively increase planktonic concentration in flowing water pond, thereby be filter-feeding fish, most of aquatic animal young and spiral shell, shrimp etc. provide very abundant natural bait, to reach the not ecologic breeding object of fertilise of few throwing feed or not bait throwing in material, so both reduced aquaculture cost, realized again green cultivation, responded the call of national green environment-protecting cultivation, killed two birds with one stone.
3, the present invention can effectively tackle phytoplankton in water body, organic matter, bacterial mass etc. by the zooplankton of filter screen enrichment, thereby make to be obtained effectively purifying and obviously improving by the water body of environmental factor or the factor eutrophication of breeding fish, reached the object of effective maintaining ecological balance.
4, suitable minute basin body eutrophication of the present invention administered; every ecological flowing water fish farm is but a biological water purification works; give full play to fishery water purification function; safeguard water area ecological environment balance; realize " with fishing, harnessing the river "; " in development, ask protection ", environmental protection industry development and the requirement of " in protection, seeking development ".
5, the present invention compares with traditional pond cultivation technology, thoroughly solve pond culture and must drop into the problem that bait was raised and provided to manpower, greatly reduce human and material resources cost, avoid the adverse effect of pond stagnant water to ecotope and aquaculture organism simultaneously, guaranteed growth efficiency and the quality of aquaculture organism; And compare with traditional flowing water culture technology, the present invention is by designing cleverly plankton enrichment effectively, realized making full use of of ecological flow hydroplankton, and guaranteed the stable of flowing water pond food chain by the increase of plankton concentration, thereby for the raising biology in flowing water pond provides enough food, reached the object of guaranteeing and improving raising biological growth efficiency.
6, the suitable fish culture in running water of the present invention field transformation and upgrade, and effectively activate the infrastructure investments of large quantities of 80～nineties, realize protection water area ecological environment and significantly improve the object of fish culture in running water field economic benefit with minimum input; Also the transformation of suitable aqiuculrue simultaneously, makes the delivery port transformation and upgrade in pond, improves fish production discharge water standard, very great to the meaning of environmental protection.
7, the present invention can with small hydropower station association, by simulation river, build the large-scale simulation flowing water natural, ecological fishing place of breeding fish, fishery and leisure are combined as a whole, thereby develop large quantities of water conservancy related fisheries resources, increase economic efficiency.
8, the present invention can also carry out cultivation and the open countryization handling of aquatic products product by simulation river flowing water ecotope, and the quality of aquatic products product is improved.
9, water inlet of the present invention and delivery port are blocked or opened, can realize the exchange of fish culture in running water and aqiuculrue, aqiuculrue and fish culture in running water cooperatively interact, the good and bad imitative wild pattern of breeding fish complementary, the one of mutually changing, domesticate has been opened omnibearing imitative wild new concept of breeding fish, and have broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of cultivating system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of A-A section in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is cultivation schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Reference numeral in figure is as follows:
1-flowing water pond, 2-water inlet, 3-delivery port, 4-blocking apparatus, 5-waterwall, 6-draining bottom outlet, 7-water level is controlled wall, 8-emptying bottom outlet, 9-fish screen.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following example.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, cultivating system of the present invention is mainly comprised of the flowing water pond 1 with water inlet 2 and delivery port 3, and described delivery port 3 places are provided with blocking apparatus 4, and this blocking apparatus 4 is chosen as the filter screen of 80～400 Mu ∕ inch.Dismountable delivery port 3 places that are arranged at of this filter screen, can clean its taking-up at any time by this setting, prevent from stopping up.
Flowing water of the present invention pond 1 can be designed to 100 square metres of left and right; Also can be designed to common pond size, be generally 10～30 mu, there is aqiuculrue function completely.When realizing fish culture in running water, the blocking-up by water inlet 2 and delivery port 3 and opening, can realize two kinds of modes of breeding fish mutual conversion, work in coordination, thereby realize the foster instruction combination of flowing water pond 1 interior aquatic products, improve the quality of aquatic products.
The setting of described filter screen can effectively prevent that zooplankton from being taken away by current, and concentrates, the complex ecological plant that forms fish culture in running water and cultivate zooplankton.In flowing water pond, the zooplankton of enrichment can be filter-feeding fish and part aquatic organism provides very abundant natural feed, reduces production costs.Meanwhile, this zooplankton also can be tackled organic matter in water body, bacterial mass, phytoplankton etc., makes to be purified or larger improvement by the water body of environmental factor or the factor eutrophication of breeding fish.
Described filter screen also can effectively be tackled feed powder and fish excreta get off, and feed powder is reached compared with good utilisation, obviously improves the availability of this feed powder, reduces production costs.Meanwhile, this filter screen has also effectively been protected environment, prevents that fish faeces from polluting flowing water, has also prevented the serious eutrophication of water ecological environment that flowing water culture causes simultaneously.
The selection kind of described filter screen is various, and filter screen is preferably 60～200 Mu ∕ inch, and this filter screen can be selected to be comprised of nylon or stainless steel wire, also can select to be formed by environmental protection anti-fouling material, as: photo-catalytic filtering screen, synthetic resin filter screen etc.
By described filter screen is all covered draining bottom outlet 6, can make the zooplankton in flowing water pond 1 be blocked, prevent that it from flowing out flowing water pond 1 with current, reaches the object of enrichment zooplankton.Meanwhile, when the filter screen in waterwall 5 the place aheads destroys, the fish screen 9 of installing on this draining bottom outlet 6 can effectively stop the aquatic products in flowing water pond 1 to be swum out of, thereby prevents fisherman's economic loss.
Water level is controlled the Height Adjustable of wall 7, by regulating water level to control the height of wall 7, realizes the control of flowing water pond 1 interior water level; Meanwhile, because emptying bottom outlet 8 is arranged at the bottom that water level is controlled wall 7, when the water in flowing water pond 1 needs emptying, only need open the emptying that this emptying bottom outlet 8 can be realized flowing water pond 1 interior water.
It is the concrete composition of C20 that the pool wall in flowing water of the present invention pond 1 all adopts intensity, and waterwall 5 and water level control wall 7 are built into by M10 cement mortar, and the intensity that this waterwall 5 and water level are controlled wall 7 is C20.
Cultivating system of the present invention can also be transformed generation by convection current pond or pond.When transforming or newly-built fish culture in running water field installs filter screen additional, can suit measures to local conditions, make the best use of the situation, expand as far as possible single pool area, in conjunction with the requirement of breed variety, aquaculture model, the eco environment factos such as flowing water district, relative inner lead, profundal zone, littoral zone are set.Thereby accomplish " moving " and " quiet " combination, the object that fish culture in running water and aqiuculrue cooperatively interact, mutually change.Meanwhile, cultivating system of the present invention combines with modern scientific and technical result-aeration in deep water technology, can make to hold solution oxygen content and reach every liter more than 8 milligrams, produces the ecological water product of high-quality.By the setting to above-mentioned cultivating system delivery port 3 and water inlet 2, control the flow and the flow velocity that flow into flowing water in flowing water pond 1, thereby reach the object of cultivating seed.
As shown in Figure 3, utilize cultivating system of the present invention to carry out the process of aquatic products production as follows:
(1) ecological flowing water flows into flowing water pond from water inlet constantly, and the plankton naturally existing is brought in flowing water pond;
First flowing water in natural environment enter in flowing water pond by water inlet, and now, the plankton being present in flowing water also enters flowing water pond thereupon.Meanwhile, thereby flowing water is also brought heavy-oxygen-enriched water into the oxygen content abundance in assurance flowing water pond in flowing water pond, thereby can realize the nursing of fish without other oxygen supply.
(2) enter the bottom of the plankton formation flowing water pond food chain in flowing water pond, for flowing water pond food chain provides foundation bait;
Plankton provides the detailed process of foundation bait as follows for flowing water pond food chain:
Using plankton as foundation bait, carry out the nursing of filter feeder.
Plankton comprises zooplankton and phytoplankton, and in natural, ecological, the nutriments such as the nitrogen in phytoplankton absorption water body, phosphorus, potassium, produce by photosynthesis.This phytoplankton is utilized by zooplankton again, thereby produces more zooplankton.Meanwhile, zooplankton can also utilize bacterial mass in water body, organic matter etc. to produce.
Filter feeder is filtered food using plankton as bait.Also spiral shell, shrimp can be fed in cultivating system of the present invention, because spiral shell, shrimp are that to take bacterial mass, organic matter, plankton be food, so also can be using plankton as bait feeding spiral shell, shrimp simultaneously.Meanwhile, the young of most aquatic animal is also to take zooplankton as food, reaches the object of growth.
Common filter feeder has silver carp, bighead, catfish, oily Pacific herring, sardine, anchovy etc.Silver carp, bighead are fresh-water fishes, and catfish, oily Pacific herring, sardine, anchovy are saltwater fish, and cultivating system of the present invention can be applicable to the fresh water areas such as river, Jiang Liu, also applicable to salt water regions such as Hai Bo.
Because silver carp is mainly to take phytoplankton as food, bighead is mainly to take zooplankton as food, it is food that spiral shell, shrimp be take bacterial mass, organic matter, plankton, feed the various bacterial mass, organic matter, the plankton that not only make in water body simultaneously and be effectively utilized, and can more effective purifying water body.
The present invention also can utilize the young of aquatic animal as bait, raises the meat-eating race fish of higher level, reaches the various object of aquatic products kind.Being that plankton is orientable is converted to grey silver carp and small fish, then is converted into the famous and precious predacious fishes such as mandarin fish, catfish, snakeheaded fish.Meanwhile, plankton also can be converted into spiral shell, shrimp, and spiral shell, shrimp are utilized by soft-shelled turtle again, reaches the object of producing soft-shelled turtle.So, can enrich the composition of food chain, improve the quality and benefits of ecologic breeding.
Organic matter in plant and animal residues in ecological flowing water and factory effluent, sanitary sewage etc. is resolved into by bacterial mass utilization the organic matter that utilized by zooplankton again and by materials such as nitrogen that phytoplankton utilized, phosphorus, potassium.
(3) when the ecological flowing water in flowing water pond flows out from delivery port, zooplankton is wherein tackled by filter screen, and concentrates, is enriched in flowing water pond;
Ecological flowing water is constantly by flowing water pond, and the setting of this flowing water pond water outlet filter screen effectively tackles the zooplankton in ecological flowing water get off, thereby effective this zooplankton of enrichment increases planktonic concentration in flowing water pond.
(4) zooplankton of enrichment, has given play to interception function by the phytoplankton that ingests, organic matter, bacterial mass; Thereby amplify filter screen interception function;
The zooplankton of enrichment produces by the phytoplankton that ingests, organic matter, bacterial mass, thereby the zooplankton of this enrichment gets off the interceptions such as phytoplankton, organic matter, bacterial mass, amplifies the interception function of filter screen; Effectively ecological flowing water is purified.
(5) along with lasting inflow and the outflow of ecological flowing water, the zooplankton in flowing water pond increases gradually, thereby is the biological continual increasing foundation bait that provides of the raising in flowing water pond;
As time goes on, the continuous enrichment of zooplankton in described flowing water pond, the formation that this plankton is food chain as the bottom of food chain provides effective guarantee.Plankton by this enrichment just can well be fed filter feeder, thereby reaches the not object of fertilise of few bait throwing in material or not bait throwing in material.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment adopts the cultural method of above-mentioned cultivating system and this system to cultivate, and in the present embodiment, flowing water pond 1 is 60 square metres, and the pond depth of water is 1.8 meters, by the fish culture in running water pond of leaving unused, is converted.Set filter screen is trapezoidal, and its area is set to 1/2(2.3+3.3) * 1.8 square metres, surrounding is fixed on pool wall with 10 * 6 centimetres of wooden frames, then with press strip, filter screen nail is fixed on wooden frame.
The present embodiment is industrial experimentation, selects altogether the flowing water Chi4Kou that primary condition is consistent, and flow of inlet water can be controlled between 0.05～0.08 cube of meter per second.1#, 2#, 3# pond adopts respectively 60 orders/inch, 120 orders/inch, the nylon leaching net of 200 orders/inch; 4# pond is for contrast pond, without filter screen, and with large 1.0 centimetres of order without joint polythene net sheet, replace filter screen, prevent from cultivating fish and escape.
By above setting, in water filling after 5 days, 1#, 2#, there are respectively a large amount of macroscopic zooplanktons in 3# pond, and 4# pond is difficult to see zooplankton.Variegated carp summer flower 1.4 ten thousand tails are thrown in respectively in every pond, silver carp 0.6 ten thousand tails.Throw in first three day after fry, micro-flowing water is all entered in every pond, strengthens gradually inflow after three days, makes variegated carp summer flower adapt to gradually flowing water ecological condition.
This industrial experimentation is since May 20 to end of day in October 12.Duration of test carries out 5～6 times to filter screen every day to be scrubbed, and prevents that filter screen from blocking, and the active situation of administrative situation and fish is carried out to record, to sum up simultaneously.
Record finds: the present embodiment 1#, and 2#, 3# pond has all obtained the better growth of flower, silver carp fish, amounts to per mu yield and is respectively: 10894 kilograms, 11895 kilograms, 13178 kilograms.And control group 4# pond does not obtain the better growth of flower, silver carp fish, in first week, to lose more than halfly, the growth of surviving is also extremely slow, also only reaches the specification of 1.8～2.0 cun during to off-test.Though go out the nearly 150 kilograms of fingerlings in pond, weight when deduction drops into, increases by 100 kilograms of less thaies, and folding per mu yield is 1111.6 kilograms, lower than 1317 kilograms of 3# 1/10th.
In process of the test, during 6～September, every middle of a month to water inlet before and delivery port after water quality carry out one-time detection.Testing result and fish crop result be as table 1,
Table 1
Known by upper table: turbidity and organic oxygen demand all have significant change.This example is by when detecting explanation, and cultivating system and method that the present invention adopts can not bait throwing in material, fertilise not, can effectively produce flower, silver carp fish.In native system, flower, silver carp fish crop reach 13178 kilograms of per mu yields, obtain better economic benefit, reach the object of Ecological Fish Culture, biological water purification.And 1#, 2#, 3# pond are produced fish amount with the increase of filter screen order number and are increased, and water purification effect also has the trend of reinforcement; But the cleaning frequency of filter screen also increases to some extent.With renewal and the improvement of cleaning way, screen area and filter screen order number should be by required corresponding increases.
The present embodiment is production test, and object is to detect the effect that filter screen is raised together with food property fish in fish culture in running water.The flowing water pond 1 of the present embodiment is chosen as 60 square metres, 1.8 meters of the depth of waters, and nylon leaching net all adopts 200 orders/inch; Other conditions are identical with embodiment 1.
The production test of the present embodiment is selected two mouthfuls of basically identical flowing water ponds of condition, and flow is all controlled at 0.05～0.08 cube of meter per second.Pengzhe fish summer flower 30,000 tails are thrown in 1# pond, and Young grass carp 30,000 tails are thrown in 2# pond.When the specification of crucian and grass carp all reaches total length when more than 2.0 cun, variegated carp summer flower 1.4 ten thousand tails are thrown in every pond again, silver carp summer flower 0.6 ten thousand tails; And the heavy forage of the grit of throwing something and feeding.Above production test routinely fish culture in running water is fed, and management is basically identical with embodiment 1.
Result of the test: 3518 kilograms of the total common property fishes of 1# Chi; Wherein flower, silver carp fish are 1060 kilograms, 2148 kilograms of crucians.4704 kilograms of the total common property fishes of 2# Chi; Wherein flower, silver carp fish are 982 kilograms, 2816 kilograms of grass carp kinds.Feed coefficient is calculate to feeding habits fish crop, and result of calculation is: 1# pond is that 2.1,2# pond is 1.8; The feed coefficient indifference of monoculture in this feed coefficient and traditional conventional fish culture in running water.
After filter screen is set, every 60 square metres of flowing water ponds can increase 982～1060 kilograms of flower, silver carp fish crops newly, and amounting to per mu yield is 10916.5～11783.6 kilograms.Relatively without significant change, illustrate that filter screen convection current pond is set cultivates fingerling substantially without impact with example 1.
It is example that the present embodiment be take in fresh water area production test, and by 10 mu of pond transformation and upgrade, water inlet flow-control is 0.08～0.12m
3/ s, delivery port arranges the rectangle stainless steel wire filter screen of 400 orders/inch, and this setting can clean its taking-up or change at any time, and its structure is 8 compositions of 2.0 * 1.0 meters of rectangular frames, and screen area is 2.0 * 1.0 * 8 ㎡.The mode that employing is raised together with silver carp bighead and grass carp, black carp, crucian, when dropping into feed, has also increased the nursing of zoobenthos river snail, for black carp free choice feeding.
The present embodiment fingerling is thrown in situation: specification be 8～12 tails/kilogram silver carp 1500 tails; Specification be 3～4 tails/kilogram variegated carp 3000 tails; Specification be 6～8 tails/kilogram grass carp 10000 tails; Specification be 3～4 tails/kilogram black carp 1000 tails; Specification be 15～18 tails/kilogram crucian 8000 tails.River snail is thrown in after cleaning up the pond before year, and injected volume is 500 kilograms.Above fingerling is thrown in before the beginning of spring.
The bait throwing in situation of the present embodiment is as follows: with the device for feeding fish bait crude protein content of throwing something and feeding, be 21 tons of the heavy property manufactured feeds of 30% grit, and 12000 kilograms of perennial ryegrass and Sudan grasses, not fertilise.
The present embodiment flow-control principle is that daytime is little, and strengthen night gradually, but does not all surpass 0.1m
3the flow of/second.Daytime, photosynthesis oxygen supply was obvious, and flow is little is conducive to strengthen the biochemical action in pond, the advantage of performance aqiuculrue, and night, flow was strengthened, and oxygen supply reinforcement pond in embodies the advantage of fish culture in running water.
The present embodiment produces 7758 kilograms of filter-feeder fishs only, and wherein variegated carp is 5890 kilograms, 1860 kilograms of silver carps, and under filter screen and flowing water Ecology Action, clean the producing of the average mu of flower, silver carp increases by a multiple; Only produce to 10818 kilograms of feeding habits fishes, wherein grass carp is 6080 kilograms, 2630 kilograms of black carps, 2108 kilograms of crucians.Not only giving the feed coefficient of feeding habits fish is 1.94, more lower slightly 0.1～0.2 than traditional aqiuculrue feed coefficient, and clean the producing than traditional pond of average mu breeded fish and improved nearly one times.
The present embodiment also to before water inlet with delivery port after water quality detect; Its result is as follows:
Water quality detection result before water inlet: turbidity is 23 degree, and organic oxygen demand is 52mg/L.
Water quality detection result after delivery port: turbidity is 13 degree, organic oxygen demand 14mg/L.
The present embodiment and water quality detection result show, system and method for the present invention obviously improves fish production amount and fishery water discharge standard, reaches the object of Ecological Fish Culture and biological water purification.
By above design, just can realize preferably the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Ecological Fish Culture and the integrated cultivating system of biological water purification, mainly by the flowing water pond (1) with water inlet (2) and delivery port (3), formed, it is characterized in that: the inner delivery port in described flowing water pond (1) (3) locates to be provided with interception planktonic blocking apparatus (4), and this blocking apparatus (4) is the filter screen of 60～200 Mu ∕ inch; The interior delivery port in described flowing water pond (1) (3) is located to be also provided with the waterwall (5) that embeds flowing water pond (1) pool wall, is also provided with draining bottom outlet (6) on this waterwall (5); Described filter screen is arranged at this waterwall (5) above and covers this draining bottom outlet (6); Between described waterwall (5) and delivery port (3), be also provided with the water level control wall (7) that embeds flowing water pond (1) pool wall; This water level is controlled on wall (7) and is provided with emptying bottom outlet (8); On described draining bottom outlet (6), be provided with fish screen (9); Described waterwall (5) and water level are controlled wall (7) and are built into by cement mortar, and described flowing water pond (1) pool wall is comprised of concrete.
2. the Ecological Fish Culture described in application rights requirement 1 and Ecological Fish Culture and the integrated cultural method of biological water purification of the integrated cultivating system of biological water purification, is characterized in that, mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) ecological flowing water flows into flowing water pond from water inlet constantly, and the plankton naturally existing is brought in flowing water pond;
(2) enter the bottom of the plankton formation flowing water pond food chain in flowing water pond, for flowing water pond food chain provides foundation bait;
(3) when the ecological flowing water in flowing water pond flows out from delivery port, zooplankton is wherein tackled by filter screen, and concentrates, is enriched in flowing water pond;
(4) zooplankton of enrichment, has given play to interception function by the phytoplankton that ingests, organic matter, bacterial mass; Thereby amplify filter screen interception function;
(5) along with lasting inflow and the outflow of ecological flowing water, the zooplankton in flowing water pond increases gradually, thereby is the biological continual increasing foundation bait that provides of the raising in flowing water pond.
3. Ecological Fish Culture according to claim 2 and the integrated cultural method of biological water purification, is characterized in that, described step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
Using plankton as foundation bait, carry out the nursing of filter feeder; Using the young of filter feeder as secondary bait, carry out the nursing of predacious fish or spiral shell, shrimp are carried out to the nursing of soft-shelled turtle as secondary bait.
4. Ecological Fish Culture according to claim 3 and the integrated cultural method of biological water purification, is characterized in that, described filter feeder comprises silver carp, bighead, the aquatic animal young and spiral shell, shrimp.
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| CN105409868B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2019-06-14 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | A kind of filter device and application for preventing and controlling prawn crayfish |
| CN105830971B (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2019-01-04 | 安徽恒天生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of high-quality grass carp |
| CN107466943A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-12-15 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所 | The fry hatching and culture pond of controlled water body exchange capacity |
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