CN102832453B - Low-loss wave-transparent material, antenna housing and antenna system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a low-loss wave-transparent material and its radome and antenna system. The low-loss wave-transparent material includes a first substrate and a second substrate made of non-metallic materials, and a metal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the metal layer is engraved with multiple The three-fork groove structure of the fork, the three forks of the three-fork groove structure have a common end point and the angle formed between each other is 120 degrees. The invention also provides a radome and an antenna system. The low-loss wave-transmitting material and its radome and antenna system of the present invention can work in the X-band, and the wave-transmitting efficiency in this band is very high. After the antenna is added with a radome, the radiation capability of the antenna is enhanced and the gain is effectively increased. Moreover, the bandwidth of the working frequency band of the wave-transmitting material, the radome and the antenna system can be changed by adjusting the size of the three-fork groove structure and the three-fork metal microstructure.

Description

Low-loss wave-transparent material and its radome and antenna system

technical field

The present invention relates to a radome, and more particularly, to a low-loss wave-transmitting material, a radome and an antenna system thereof.

Background technique

Generally, the antenna system is provided with a radome. The purpose of the radome is to protect the antenna system from wind, rain, snow, sand and solar radiation, so that the performance of the antenna system is relatively stable and reliable. At the same time, it reduces the wear, corrosion and aging of the antenna system and prolongs its service life. However, the radome is an obstacle in front of the antenna, which will absorb and reflect the radiated waves of the antenna, change the free space energy distribution of the antenna, and affect the electrical performance of the antenna to a certain extent.

At present, the materials for making radome are mostly materials with low dielectric constant and loss tangent and high mechanical strength, such as fiberglass, epoxy resin, high molecular polymer, etc. The dielectric constant of the material is not adjustable. The structure is mostly uniform single-wall structure, sandwich structure and space skeleton structure, etc. The design of the cover wall thickness needs to take into account factors such as the working wavelength, the size and shape of the radome, environmental conditions, and the electrical and structural performance of the materials used. Under the condition that the antenna is free from the influence of the external environment, it does not have the function of enhancing the directivity of the antenna and increasing the gain of the antenna, the loss is large, and the wave transmission performance is poor.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-loss wave-transmitting material and its radome and antenna system in view of the defects of the prior art such as high loss and poor wave-transmitting performance.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: construct a low-loss wave-transmitting material, including a first substrate and a second substrate made of non-metallic materials, and sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate The metal layer in between is engraved with a plurality of three-forked groove structures having three forks, and the three forked groove structures of the three-forked groove structure have a common end point and the angle formed between them is an obtuse angle.

In the low-loss wave-transparent material of the present invention, the low-loss wave-transparent material further includes a plurality of array-arranged second metal microstructures covering the outer surface of the first substrate and covering the second A plurality of third metal microstructures arranged in an array on the outer surface of the substrate.

In the low-loss wave-transparent material of the present invention, the second metal microstructure is a three-fork metal microstructure, and the three forks of the three-fork metal microstructure have a common end point and form an included angle between each other. is an obtuse angle.

In the low-loss wave-transparent material of the present invention, the shape and size of the third metal microstructure are the same as that of the second metal microstructure.

In the low-loss wave-transmitting material of the present invention, the position of the three-fork metal microstructure on the outer surface of the first substrate is the same as the position of the three-fork groove structure between the first substrate and the second substrate. correspond.

In the low-loss wave-transmitting material of the present invention, the three-branched groove structure takes the direction of any bifurcated axis of symmetry as the row, and the direction at 60 degrees to the axis of symmetry as the column, and the row Periodically arranged with a pitch equal to the column pitch.

In the low-loss wave-transmitting material of the present invention, the three-branched metal microstructure has a row in the direction of any bifurcated axis of symmetry, and a direction at 60 degrees to the axis of symmetry as a column. And the rows are arranged periodically in a manner that the row spacing is equal to the column spacing.

In the low-loss wave-transparent material of the present invention, the dielectric constant of the first substrate and the second substrate is 2.65, and the loss tangent is 0.001.

The present invention also provides a radome for covering on an antenna, comprising the above-mentioned low-loss wave-transmitting material.

The present invention also provides an antenna system, which includes an antenna and the above-mentioned radome, and the radome is arranged on the antenna.

The implementation of the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by attaching a metal microstructure of a specific shape on the substrate, the required electromagnetic response is obtained, so that the wave-transmitting performance of the radome is enhanced, and the anti-interference ability is increased. The relative permittivity, refractive index and impedance of the material can be changed by adjusting the shape and size of the metal microstructure, so as to achieve impedance matching with the air to maximize the transmission of incident electromagnetic waves and reduce the time required for traditional radome design. Limitations on material thickness and dielectric constant. The low-loss wave-transmitting material and its radome and antenna system of the invention can work in the X-band, and the wave-transmitting efficiency in this band is very high. After the antenna is added with a radome, the radiation capability of the antenna is enhanced and the gain is effectively increased.

Moreover, the bandwidth of the working frequency band of the wave-transmitting material, the radome and the antenna system can be changed by adjusting the size of the three-fork groove structure and the three-fork metal microstructure.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, in the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-loss wave-transmitting material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a top view of the low-loss wave-transparent material described in Fig. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the periodic arrangement of the three-fork groove structure 31 shown in FIG. 2;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-loss wave-transmitting material according to another embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the second metal layer shown in FIG. 4 on the first substrate;

6 is a schematic diagram of the periodic arrangement of the second metal microstructure shown in FIG. 5 on the outer surface of the first substrate;

7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the third metal layer shown in FIG. 4 on the second substrate;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of S-parameter simulation of a low-loss wave-transmitting material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention provides a low-loss wave-transmitting material, as shown in FIG. The metal layer is engraved with a plurality of three-forked groove structures 31 having three forks, the three forks of the three-forked groove structures 31 have a common end point and the angle formed between them is an obtuse angle. It can be understood that the number of the three-fork groove structures 31 shown in the accompanying drawings is only for illustration and is used to illustrate the arrangement of artificial microstructures, and is not intended to limit the present invention.

There are many options for manufacturing substrate materials, such as ceramics, FR4, F4B (polytetrafluoroethylene), HDPE (High Density Polyethylene), ABS (Acrylonitrile ButadieneStyrene), ferroelectric materials, or ferromagnetic materials. The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are preferably materials with a dielectric constant of 2.65 and a loss tangent of 0.001.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the angle formed between the three forks of the three-fork groove structure 31 is 120 degrees, and may also be an unequal obtuse angle, such as 100 degrees, 120 degrees, 140 degrees, 110 degrees, respectively. degrees, 120 degrees, 130 degrees, etc. The ends of the three forks of the three-fork groove structure 31 may be arc-shaped, such as semi-circular arcs, elliptical arcs, and the like.

The three-branch groove structure 31 is arranged on the substrate, and there are many ways to arrange it, such as a rectangular array arrangement, that is, a row in any direction, a column in a direction perpendicular to the direction, and a certain row Spacing and column spacing can be arranged.

In the present invention, a new periodic arrangement is designed based on the structural characteristics of the three-branch groove structure 31 itself. As shown in Figure 2 and 3. The three-fork groove structure 31 is periodically arranged with the direction of any bifurcated axis of symmetry as the row (referred to as the x direction), and the direction at 60 degrees to the axis of symmetry as the column (referred to as the y direction), And the row spacing (the distance between the center points O and O3 of two adjacent three-fork groove structures 31 on the same column, denoted as ⊿y) is equal to the column spacing (the distance between two adjacent three-fork groove structures 31 on the same row The distance between the center point O and O3 is denoted as ⊿x). It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the line connecting the center points O, O1, O2 and O3 of the four trifurcated groove structures 31 on two adjacent rows and two adjacent columns forms a rhombus quadrilateral with an acute angle of 6°. With this arrangement, the space on the surface of the substrate can be fully utilized to arrange the three-fork groove structure 31 .

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-loss wave-transmitting material according to another embodiment of the present invention. The low-loss wave-transparent material includes two substrates: a first substrate 10 and a second substrate 20 , and three metal layers 1 , 2 , 3 . The metal layer 1 is the metal layer shown in FIG. 1 . The difference from FIG. 1 is that, in addition to the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 and the metal layer in FIG. 1 , it also includes a second metal layer 2 and a third metal layer 3 . The second metal layer 2 covers the outer surface of the first substrate 10 and is composed of a plurality of second metal microstructures arranged in an array. The third metal layer 3 covers the outer surface of the second substrate 20 and is composed of a plurality of third metal microstructures arranged in an array. The second and third metal microstructures are planar structures made of conductive materials with certain geometric patterns. The conductive material here can be metal materials with good electrical conductivity such as gold, silver, and copper, or an alloy material whose main component is one or two of gold, silver, and copper, or carbon nanotubes, aluminum-doped oxides, etc. Conductive non-metallic materials such as zinc and indium tin oxide. In the present invention, copper or silver is preferred. The thickness of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 is 0.5-1.5 mm.

The arrangement and specific shape of the second metal microstructure on the outer surface of the first substrate 10 are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 . The second metal microstructure is a three-fork metal microstructure 32 , the three forks of the three-fork metal microstructure 32 have a common end point and an included angle between them is 120 degrees. In an embodiment of the present invention, the angles formed between the three branches of the three-fork metal microstructure 32 are 120 degrees, and may also be unequal obtuse angles, such as 100 degrees, 120 degrees, and 140 degrees, respectively. 110 degrees, 120 degrees, 130 degrees, etc. The ends of the three forks of the three-fork metal microstructure 32 may be arc-shaped, such as semi-circular arcs, elliptical arcs, and the like.

It is similar to the arrangement of the three-fork groove structure 31 described above. The trifurcated metal microstructures 32 are arranged periodically with the direction of any bifurcated symmetry axis as the row (denoted as the x direction), and the direction at 60 degrees to the symmetry axis as the column (denoted as the y direction) , and the row spacing (the distance between the center points O and O3 of two adjacent three-fork metal microstructures 32 on the same column, denoted as ⊿y) is equal to the column spacing (the distance between two adjacent three-fork metal microstructures 32 on the same row The distance between the center points O and O3 of the structure 32 is denoted as ⊿x). It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the line connecting the center points O, O1, O2, and O3 of the four trifurcated metal microstructures 32 on two adjacent rows and two adjacent columns forms a rhombus quadrilateral with an acute angle of 6°. With this arrangement, the space on the surface of the substrate can be fully utilized to arrange the trifurcated metal microstructures 32 .

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shape and size of the third metal microstructure are the same as those of the second metal microstructure, and it is also a trifurcated metal microstructure. For details, please refer to the above description. FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the third metal layer 3 shown in FIG. 4 on the second substrate 20 .

The position of the three-fork metal microstructure 32 on the outer surface of the first substrate 10 corresponds to the position of the three-fork groove structure 31 between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 . That is to say, for the low-loss wave-transparent material shown in top view 4, the centers of the three-fork groove structure 31, the three-fork metal microstructure 32, and the three-fork metal microstructure 33 on the three-layer metal layer correspond to each other.

According to the required wave-transparent material or the working frequency range of the radome, the size of the trifurcated groove structure 31, the trifurcated metal microstructure 32, 33 and the row and column spacing can be adjusted appropriately to meet different needs .

The application effects of the low-loss wave-transmitting material of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. In one embodiment, the parameter values of the three-fork groove structure 31 in FIG. The ends of the bifurcations are in the shape of a semicircle. The parameter values of the trifurcated metal microstructure 32 in FIG. The part is semicircular. In an embodiment of the present invention, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are made of polytetrafluoroethylene (F4B). The first metal microstructure 31 and the second and third metal microstructures 32, 33 are made of copper. The dielectric constant εr of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 is 2.65, and the loss tangent tanδ is 0.001. The thickness of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 is 1 mm, and the thickness of the metal microstructures 32 and 33 is 0.018 mm. The above parameters are just an example and are not intended to limit the present invention.

The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are connected to each other by filling liquid substrate materials or by assembling. The three metal layers 1, 2, 3 are attached to the substrate by etching, of course, they can also be attached to the first substrate 10 or the second substrate 20 by means of electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electron etching or ion etching. The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 can also be made of other materials, such as ceramics, HIPS (High impact polystyrene) material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.

The low-loss wave-transparent material with the above parameters is simulated, and its S-parameter simulation diagram is shown in Figure 8. As can be seen from Figure 8, the wave transmission effect is very good in the X-band (8~12GHz) range. In other frequency bands, the S21 parameter is small, the reflection coefficient is large, and it has a filtering effect. In actual application, by adjusting the size of the three-fork groove structure 31, the three-fork metal microstructure 32, and the three-fork metal microstructure 33, the relative permittivity, refractive index and impedance of the material can be changed, so that the working frequency band can be Move to higher or lower frequencies, or change the bandwidth of the operating band.

Therefore, the present invention also provides a radome. The radome is made of the above-mentioned low-loss wave-transmitting material, which is used to cover the antenna to protect the antenna while ensuring that the antenna is working The frequency band works normally, and the irrelevant frequency bands are shielded to eliminate interference.

It should be noted that the shape of the radome can be the same flat shape as the low-loss wave-transmitting material in the attached figure, or the shape of the radome can be designed according to actual needs, such as a spherical shape or one that matches the shape of the antenna. shape (conformal radome), etc., does not exclude the use of multiple flat-shaped structures spliced into a required shape, which is not limited in the present invention.

The present invention also provides an antenna system, including an antenna, and the above-mentioned radome, and the radome is arranged on the antenna. The antenna includes a radiation source, a feed unit, etc. For specific components, please refer to relevant technical documents, which is not limited in the present invention. The antenna body may be, for example but not limited to, a panel antenna, a microwave antenna, a radar antenna, and the like.

The low-loss wave-transmitting material and its radome and antenna system of the invention can work in the X-band, and the wave-transmitting efficiency in this band is very high. After the antenna is added with a radome, the radiation capability of the antenna is enhanced and the gain is effectively increased. Moreover, the bandwidth of the working frequency band of the wave-transmitting material, the radome and the antenna system can be changed by adjusting the size of the three-fork groove structure and the three-fork metal microstructure.

Embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, and the above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative, rather than restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the enlightenment of the present invention, many forms can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a low-loss electromagnetic wave transparent material, it is characterized in that, comprise the first substrate and second substrate be made up of nonmetallic materials, and the metal level be folded between first substrate and second substrate, described metal level is engraved multiple three bifurcate slot structures with three bifurcateds, three bifurcateds of described three bifurcate slot structures are total to end points and angle is obtuse angle each other; Described three bifurcate slot structures with the direction at the symmetry axis place of its arbitrary bifurcated be row, to become the direction of 60 degree for arrange and line space equals the mode periodic arrangement of column pitch with described symmetry axis; It is the rhombic quadrangles of 60 that the line of the central point 4 of four described three bifurcate slot structures on adjacent rows, adjacent two row forms acute angle.

2. low-loss electromagnetic wave transparent material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described low-loss electromagnetic wave transparent material also comprises the second metal micro structure of the multiple array arrangements being covered in described first substrate outer surface and is covered in the 3rd metal micro structure of multiple array arrangements of described second substrate outer surface.

3. low-loss electromagnetic wave transparent material according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described second metal micro structure is three bifurcated metal micro structures, and three bifurcateds of described three bifurcated metal micro structures are total to end points and angle is obtuse angle each other.

4. low-loss electromagnetic wave transparent material according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described 3rd metal micro structure is identical with the shape and size of the second metal micro structure.

5. low-loss electromagnetic wave transparent material according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described three bifurcated metal micro structures are corresponding with described three positions of bifurcate slot structure between first substrate and second substrate in the position of first substrate outer surface.

6. low-loss electromagnetic wave transparent material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described three bifurcated metal micro structures with the direction at the symmetry axis place of its arbitrary bifurcated be row, to become the direction of 60 degree for arrange and line space equals the mode periodic arrangement of column pitch with described symmetry axis.

7. low-loss electromagnetic wave transparent material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the dielectric constant of described first substrate and described second substrate is 2.65, and loss tangent is 0.001.

8. a radome, is characterized in that, for being located at antenna, comprises the low-loss electromagnetic wave transparent material as described in any one of claim 1 ~ 7.

9. an antenna system, is characterized in that, comprise antenna and radome as claimed in claim 8, described radome covers on antenna.