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CN103118913A - 用于车辆的助力制动系统以及用于控制所述助力制动系统的方法 - Google Patents

用于车辆的助力制动系统以及用于控制所述助力制动系统的方法 Download PDF

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CN103118913A
CN103118913A CN2011800468798A CN201180046879A CN103118913A CN 103118913 A CN103118913 A CN 103118913A CN 2011800468798 A CN2011800468798 A CN 2011800468798A CN 201180046879 A CN201180046879 A CN 201180046879A CN 103118913 A CN103118913 A CN 103118913A
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pump
hydraulic fluid
control
low pressure
operating control
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CN103118913B (zh
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M.格德斯
J.迈耶
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/44—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device, i.e. open systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/142—Systems with master cylinder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/148—Arrangements for pressure supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/662—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems characterised by specified functions of the control system components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/02—Arrangements of pumps or compressors, or control devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/404—Control of the pump unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/404—Control of the pump unit
    • B60T8/405—Control of the pump unit involving the start-up phase
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/44—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device, i.e. open systems
    • B60T8/441—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device, i.e. open systems using hydraulic boosters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于车辆的助力制动系统，其具有：带有腔室（3）的主制动缸（2），所述腔室与用于制动所述车辆的车轮（4）的车轮制动缸（7）液压地连接；液压的操纵装置（11），所述操纵装置操纵所述主制动缸（2）的活塞（12），以便由此使所述腔室（3）中的液压液处于压力之下；低压蓄能器（23），所述低压蓄能器将液压液在压力下储存并且将所述液压液供给到用于操纵所述主制动缸（2）的活塞（12）的操纵装置（11）；泵（26），所述泵将液压液从储箱（27）供给到所述低压蓄能器（23）；以及驱动装置（41），所述驱动装置驱动所述泵（26）。本发明还涉及一种用于控制助力制动系统的方法。

Description

用于车辆的助力制动系统以及用于控制所述助力制动系统的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的制动系统。
背景技术
原则上用于车辆的制动系统区分为所谓的外力制动系统和助力制动系统。
在外力制动系统中，操纵与车轮制动缸液压地连接的主制动缸，而并不直接将驾驶员的脚踏力传递到车轮制动缸，从而为车轮制动缸加载液压液。例如在文献DE 10 2004 025 638 A1中描述了一种这样的外力制动系统。
与此不同，在助力制动系统中安装有制动力放大器，所述制动力放大器附加于驾驶员的脚踏力作用到主制动缸上，以便为车轮制动缸加载液压液。例如在文献DE 103 18 850 A1中描述了一种这样的助力制动系统。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种用于车辆的助力制动系统，所述助力制动系统具有以下部件:带有腔室的主制动缸，所述腔室与用于制动所述车辆的车轮的车轮制动缸液压地连接；液压的操纵装置，所述操纵装置操纵所述主制动缸的活塞，以便由此挤压所述腔室中的液压液；低压蓄能器，所述低压蓄能器将液压液在压力下储存，并且将所述液压液供给到用于操纵所述主制动缸的活塞的操纵装置；泵，所述泵将液压液从储箱供给到所述低压蓄能器；以及驱动装置，所述驱动装置驱动所述泵。
在权利要求1中限定的助力制动系统以及在权利要求9中限定的方法相对于传统的技术方案具有以下优点：设有低压蓄能器，所述低压蓄能器将液压液在压力下储存，并且将所述液压液供给用于操纵主制动缸的活塞的操纵装置。这种低压蓄能器是相对成本低廉的并且仅需要较少的空间。尤其在第一泵还不能输送液压液时，所述低压蓄能器支持该泵连同驱动该泵的驱动装置，因为所述驱动装置的惯性还没有被克服。
所谓"低压蓄能器"目前应理解为一种压力存储器，所述压力存储器储存最大压力并且包含最大的液压的体积，所述最大压力明显小于为了车辆的总减速在所述操纵装置上所需的压力，所述体积明显小于为了完全填充所述操纵装置所需的体积。
在相应的从属权利要求中提及的特征涉及本发明的主题的有利的改进方案和改善方案。
附图说明
在附图的唯一示图中示出了本发明的实施例，并且在接下来的描述中进行详细解释。该示图示意性地示出了根据本发明的一种实施例的制动系统。
具体实施方式
在示图中，相同的附图标记表示相同的或者功能相同的元件，除非另有说明。
示图示意性地示出了根据本发明的一种实施例的助力制动系统1。
所述制动系统1优选使用在未进一步示出的机动车中。
所述制动系统1具有带有两个腔室3的主制动缸2，所述两个腔室分别与两个用于制动机动车的车轮4的车轮制动缸7借助管路5液压地连接。所述主制动缸2优选是串联主缸（Tandem Master Cylinder；TMC）。所述管路5中的每一个借助进入阀6与车轮制动缸7连接。所述进入阀6能够构造为常开的2/2换向阀，正如在示图中示出的那样。此外，止回阀18平行于进入阀6设置。所述管路5中的每一个能够分支地构造，以便为两个车轮制动缸7提供液压液。此外，所述车轮制动缸7借助排出阀8、低压蓄能器9、泵10以及管路19与腔室3连接，接下来的实施方式为了更好地理解仅仅涉及在示图中左边示出的制动回路。所述排出阀8能够构造为常闭的2/2换向阀，正如在示图中示出的那样。所述泵10在制动系统1的防抱死模块中将液压液输送到所述腔室3中。
此外，所述制动系统1具有液压的操纵装置11，所述操纵装置操纵所述主制动缸2的活塞12，以便由此将液压液挤压到所述腔室3中。所述液压的操纵装置11当前构造为制动力放大器，所述制动力放大器加强由机动车的驾驶员借助制动踏板13施加到所述活塞12上的脚踏力。因此所述制动系统是助力制动系统。
所述操纵装置11具有缸14，在所述缸中引导活塞15。利用液压液17加载所述缸14与所述活塞15之间形成的腔室16，参见图1，由此所述活塞15沿其纵向方向推移并且作用到主制动缸2的活塞12上。踏板连杆21将踏板13与所述活塞15连接起来。因此驾驶员能够不依赖于操纵装置11地将力施加到所述主制动缸2的活塞12上，由此操纵车轮制动缸7。这尤其在考虑到操纵装置11可能失效的情况下是有利的。
例如布置在所述踏板连杆21与所述活塞15之间的踏板传感器22感应到由驾驶员施加的踏板力进而感应到驾驶员的制动期望。所述传感器22以及相关的测量原理例如能够像在文献DE 10 2008 041 349 A1中描述的那样进行规定。
此外制动系统1具有低压蓄能器23，所述低压蓄能器将液压液在压力下储存并且将所述液压液供给用于操纵所述主制动缸2的活塞12的操纵装置11。
所述低压蓄能器23例如构造为活塞蓄能器。然而也可以考虑使用另一种低压蓄能器。为了提供一定压力构造所述低压蓄能器23并且所述低压蓄能器占据一定体积，其中所述压力比为了车辆的总减速在所述操纵装置11（也就是其腔室16）上所需的压力低5%至30%；所述体积比为了完全填充所述操纵装置11（也就是其腔室16）所需的体积小5%至30%。所述低压蓄能器23借助管路24与所述操纵装置11的腔室16液压地连接。压力传感器25测量所述管路24中的压力进而测量所述压力腔室16中的压力。
所述制动系统1此外包括泵26，所述泵将来自储箱27的液压液供给到所述低压蓄能器23。所述泵26又能够由多个、例如四个错开地布置的单个泵32组成。其目的在于使由所述泵26得出的压力曲线变得平滑。所述泵26在吸入侧（saugseitig）借助管路33与储箱27液压地连接并且在压力侧（druckseitig）借助管路34与低压蓄能器23液压地连接。所述管路34借助第一控制阀35与所述管路24连接，也就是说，所述第一控制阀35将低压蓄能器23和泵26的压力侧与操纵装置11的腔室16连接。所述第一控制阀35例如能够构造为2/2换向阀，其正如在附图中示出的那样是常闭的。此外，管路36和第二控制阀37将管路24与管路33连接，也就是说，所述第二控制阀37将操纵装置11的腔室16与储箱27连接。所述第二控制阀37例如能够构造为2/2换向阀，其正如在附图中示出的那样是常开的。
所述泵26由形式为电动机41的驱动装置驱动。当应当操纵车轮制动缸7时，所述电动机41在制动间隔过程中驱动所述泵26，以便为所述操纵装置11的腔室16加载液压液。在这种情况下所述第一控制阀35打开，并且所述第二控制阀37关闭。液压液于是从所述泵26经由控制阀35流动到腔室16，由此最终操纵车轮制动缸7。此外，能够安装所述制动系统1的控制装置（电子控制单元ElectronicControlUnit，简称"ECU"）42，以便如此控制所述第二控制阀37，从而使得在运行所述泵26时产生的压力波动变得平滑。这通过以下方式完成：所述第二控制阀37短暂地打开，并且因此压力峰值传递到储箱27上。
在以上所描述的制动间隔结束时，电动机41不再加载其它电流。由于其惯性（Trägheit），所述电动机41具有空转运行状态（Nachlauf）。应用所述空转运行状态以便驱动第一泵26并且由此填充低压蓄能器23。为此，闭合所述第一控制阀35以开始所述空转。这是高效节能的。此外，由此不需要附加的泵以填充低压蓄能器23。
此外，所述泵26能够在制动系统功能试验间断过程中填充低压蓄能器23。所谓的"功能试验间断"当前是指制动系统的一种状态，在所述状态中对所述制动系统的功能优良性（Funktionstüchtigkeit）进行试验。通常在机动车中在起动内燃机之前和/或之后实施相应的功能试验。这样一种功能试验的组成部分也能够操纵电动机41进而操纵泵26。在此，所输送的液压液储存在低压蓄能器23中。为此，闭合所述第一控制阀35。
为了产生最大的制动力矩，控制装置42如此控制第一控制阀35和泵26，从而所述泵26在压力形成阶段结束时在液压液中产生了占主要部分的压力、也就是大于在腔室16中存在的压力的50%、优选大于70%。压力的较小的部分、也就是小于压力的50%或者30%的部分由低压蓄能器23产生。例如，所述低压蓄能器23在压力形成阶段结束时还产生10bar的压力，而所述泵26产生60bar的压力。然而为了开始压力形成阶段，所述低压蓄能器23例如产生20bar的压力，而所述泵26甚至实际上不产生压力。尤其在压力形成阶段开始时，这时所述泵26由于电动机41的惯性还没有产生相关的压力，所述低压蓄能器23支持驾驶员，方法是打开所述第一控制阀35并且由此将液压液从低压蓄能器23供给到腔室16。
接下来，为了更好地理解简要地解释制动循环：驾驶员将脚放置到制动踏板13上，从而所述驾驶员直接偏转踏板传感器22。所述第一控制阀35基于其信号通电、也就是说打开，并且所述第二控制阀37通电、也就是说闭合。所述电动机41同样通电，如果其之前没有通电的话。因此处于操纵装置11的腔室16处的液压液与驾驶员脚踏力一起操纵主制动缸2，由此在管路5中进而在车轮制动缸7处形成制动压力。
如果驾驶员现在不进一步向下踩踏，那么驾驶员的制动期望保持恒定，所述制动期望通过踏板传感器22感应出来。紧接着，减小所述泵26的通电，也就是说减小泵功率，所述泵功率停止了（ausbleiben）进一步的压力上升。所述第二控制阀37在此根据存在的、借助压力传感器25测得的压力转换到压力调节功能，也就是说所述第二控制阀37的通电减小如此之多，从而操纵装置11的腔室16中的压力大约保持相同。如果驾驶员向下踩踏制动踏板13，那么只要所述第一泵26还能进一步提高在腔室16中存在的压力，则所述第二控制阀37强烈地通电。短暂的压力过高基于之前描述的压力波动借助所述第二控制阀37的进一步打开反作用所述泵26，这又借助对其相应的触发通过所述控制装置42来进行，由此压力峰值强烈地降低并且不再是能够由驾驶员感觉到的。此外，所述压力峰值通过低压蓄能器23减小，所述低压蓄能器弹性地接纳该压力峰值。
如果驾驶员将脚从制动踏板13上松开，那么这在踏板传感器22上识别出来，并且减小了所述第二控制阀37和所述泵26的通电。闭合所述第一控制阀35。在低压蓄能器23中保持不变的剩余压力首先用于制动。通过在腔室16中降低的压力推动操纵装置11的弹簧43，并且在管路5中的压力使活塞12、15进而使制动踏板13也回到初始位置（Ausgangslage）。
尽管之前根据实施例对本发明进行了具体描述，但是这不视为对本发明的限制，而是尤其能够以多种的方式和方法修改。描述根据本发明的助力制动系统的改进方案和实施例相应地适用于根据本发明的方法。此外需要指出的是，原文中的不定冠词"一个"不排除多个。

Claims (10)

1.带有腔室（3）的主制动缸（2），所述腔室与用于制动所述车辆的车轮（4）的车轮制动缸（7）液压地连接；
液压的操纵装置（11），所述操纵装置操纵所述主制动缸（2）的活塞（12），以便由此使所述腔室（3）中的液压液处于压力之下；
低压蓄能器（23），所述低压蓄能器将液压液在压力下储存并且将所述液压液供给到用于操纵所述主制动缸（2）的活塞（12）的操纵装置（11）；
泵（26），所述泵将液压液从储箱（27）供给到所述低压蓄能器（23）；以及
驱动装置（41），所述驱动装置驱动所述泵（26）。
2.按权利要求1所述的助力制动系统，其中所述低压蓄能器（23）储存一定压力并且包含最大的液压的体积，所述压力比为了车辆的总减速在所述操纵装置（11）上所需的压力低5%至30%，所述体积比为了完全填充所述操纵装置（11）所需的体积小5%至30%。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的助力制动系统，其中构造为电动机（41）的驱动装置在制动间隔期间驱动所述泵（26）以便为所述操纵装置（11）加载液压液，并且所述泵（26）在所述电动机（41）的空转运行期间紧接着制动间隔填充所述低压蓄能器（23）。
4.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的助力制动系统，其中所述泵（26）在制动系统功能试验间断期间填充所述低压蓄能器（23）。
5.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的助力制动系统，其中设置控制装置（42），所述控制装置为了产生最大的制动力矩如此控制第一控制阀和/或第二控制阀（35、37）和/或所述泵（26）的驱动装置（41），即所述泵（26）在压力形成阶段结束时在液压液中产生在所述操纵装置（11）上存在的压力的绝大部分。
6.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的助力制动系统，其中所述泵（26）在其压力侧上与第一控制阀（35）和所述低压蓄能器（23）液压地连接，并且所述第一控制阀（35）进一步地与所述操纵装置（11）液压地连接。
7.按权利要求6所述的助力制动系统，其中所述储箱（27）借助第二控制阀（37）与所述操纵装置（11）液压地连接，并且其中设置控制装置（42），所述控制装置为了产生制动力矩打开所述第一控制阀（35），以便由此为所述操纵装置（11）供给液压液，并且同时为了补偿压力峰值控制所述第二控制阀（37）。
8.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的助力制动系统，其中所述液压的操纵装置（11）构造为制动力放大器，所述制动力放大器增强由驾驶员机械地施加到所述主制动缸（2）的活塞（12）上的力。
9.一种用于控制车辆用的助力制动系统（1）的方法，所述方法具有以下步骤:
借助泵（26）将液压液供给到低压蓄能器（23）处；
将液压液从所述低压蓄能器（23）供给到操纵装置（11）处；并且
借助所述操纵装置（11）操纵主制动缸（2）的活塞（12），以便由此将液压液从所述主制动缸（2）的腔室（3）供给到用于制动所述车辆的车轮（4）的车轮制动缸（7）。
10.按权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述泵（26）为了给所述操纵装置（11）加载液压液在制动间隔期间由构造为电动机（41）的驱动装置驱动，并且所述低压蓄能器（23）在所述电动机（41）的空转运行期间紧接着制动间隔由所述泵（26）进行填充。
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