CN103217719B - Method of advanced detection of breaking-loss wing coal seam of coal road based on single offset pair observation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for advanced detection of a coal seam with a broken wing in a coal roadway based on a single shot detection pair observation system. wave train, select the diffracted wave of a cycle with the largest amplitude value in the diffracted wave train, and calculate the main polarization direction of the diffracted wave , draw the detection point as the end point and the anticlockwise angle with the detection point horizontal line is the rays , Find the time corresponding to the maximum amplitude value in the above-mentioned cycle length diffracted wave , draw a circle with the detector point as the center and arc of diameter , take out the ray with arc The intersection point is the breakpoint position of the lost wing coal seam. This method can not only use the dynamic characteristic information of the main polarization direction and amplitude of the broken point diffraction wave of the lost-wing coal seam to make advanced predictions, but also has accurate detection and easy operation, filling the gap in the underground detection of the lost-wing coal seam by geophysical methods. The gap in the method has brought great convenience to mine construction. <b/>

Description

A method for advanced detection of coal seams with broken wings in coal roadways based on a single shotgun pair observation system

technical field

The invention relates to a detection method of a lost-wing coal seam, in particular to a method for advanced detection of a lost-wing coal seam in a coal roadway based on a single artillery inspection pair observation system.

Background technique

In the coal roadway excavation process of mines with irregular coal seams, there are usually invalid roadway footage and blind construction drilling due to the inability to determine the position of the broken wing coal seam, which seriously affects the efficiency and safety of roadway excavation. Among them, in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan It is particularly prominent in Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangxi and Henan regions, so it is very necessary to study fast and effective methods to detect the position of the lost wing coal seam in advance. At present, the geophysical methods in the roadway mainly include electromagnetic method, seismic and other types of geophysical technology. For the advanced detection of geological structures, the seismic method is mainly used; these methods mostly use tunnel seismic advanced detection technology, such as TSP and TRT, but This type of technology has many receiver points and shot points, which is not conducive to quick construction on site; under this background, a simple and easy observation system with a single receiver point and shot point is proposed, and based on the observation system to receive seismic signals, use seismic It is very urgent to determine the position of the lost wing coal seam using the signal.

According to the principle of coalfield seismic exploration, diffracted waves will be generated at the break point of the coal seam with the fault staggered. Due to the obvious difference in wave impedance between the coal seam and the surrounding rock, the diffracted wave signal usually has a strong amplitude energy and is easy to identify from the kinematic characteristics. Therefore, during field detection, the discontinuity diffraction wave signal can be used to invert the discontinuity position of the lost wing coal seam; It can be obtained, and the broken-flank coal seam can be judged clearly after the location of the breakpoint is determined, so as to guide the safe excavation on site.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problem that the location of the missing wing coal seam cannot be determined in mines with irregular coal seam occurrences, the present invention provides a method for advanced detection of the missing wing coal seam in coal roadways based on a single shotgun observation system. The dynamic feature information of the main polarization direction and amplitude of the breakpoint diffraction wave of the broken wing coal seam can be predicted in advance, and the detection is accurate, the cost is low, and it is easy to operate. Blank, has brought great convenience to mine construction.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the method for detecting the coal seam with the missing wing in advance based on the coal roadway of the single artillery inspection pair observation system, its specific steps are:

(1) Arrange a shot point at the front floor of the coal roadway to excite seismic waves, and arrange a detection point with X and Z components 20m directly behind the shot point, and a seismograph arranged in the roadway can obtain seismic records;

(2) According to the sequence of seismic wave propagation time, the X and Z components can be determined in the seismic records to determine the diffraction wave train at the break point of the coal seam in the missing wing;

(3) Comparing the amplitude values in the diffracted wave train at the break point of the X and Z components of the lost wing coal seam, and selecting the diffracted wave with a period length with the largest amplitude value;

(4) Calculating the main polarization direction β ₁ of the cycle-length diffracted wave (n sampling points*sampling interval) in step (3), including the following steps:

1) Calculate the average value of the X component amplitude of n sampling points:

$\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}$

2) Calculate the average value of the Z component amplitude of n sampling points:

$\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}$

3) Build matrix

$\left[\begin{array}{c}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\\ \underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\end{array}\right]$

4) Find the main eigenvector (b ₁ ,b ₂ ) of the matrix, and obtain the clockwise angle β ₁ between the horizontal line of the detection point:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&beta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; arctan</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span>$

(5) Draw the ray L ₁ with the detection point as the endpoint and the clockwise angle β ₁ of the horizontal line of the detection point;

(6) determine the time t corresponding to the maximum amplitude value from the step (3) cycle length diffracted wave, and solve the diameter R, R=v × t, where v is the top or bottom plate rock formation longitudinal wave velocity;

(7) Take the detection point as the center of the circle and draw the arc L ₂ with R as the diameter, then the intersection point of the ray L ₁ and the arc L ₂ is the breakpoint position of the lost wing coal seam, which is the position of the lost wing coal seam.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the method can not only use the two dynamic characteristic information of the main polarization direction and amplitude of the diffraction wave at the break point of the lost-wing coal seam to carry out advanced forecasting, but also has accurate detection, low cost, and easy operation, filling the mine Under the use of geophysical methods to detect the blank of the lost wing coal seam method, it has brought great convenience to mine construction.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example.

Fig. 1 is a layout diagram of the observation system of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the wave train distribution of the X and Z components of the broken points of the coal seam with broken wings.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the periodic time window of the diffraction wave at the break point of the lost-wing coal seam.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the L ₁ ray.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of determining the time t corresponding to the maximum amplitude value of the diffracted wave train.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the intersection of the L ₁ ray and the L ₂ arc.

Detailed ways

In the figure, the specific steps of the method for advanced detection of the lost-wing coal seam in the coal roadway based on the single shotgun observation system are as follows:

(1) A shot point is arranged at the front floor of the coal roadway to excite seismic waves. A detection point with X and Z components is arranged every 20m directly behind the shot point. Seismographs arranged in the roadway can obtain seismic records. The observation system The layout is shown in Figure 1, and the right direction in the figure is the excavation direction;

(2) According to the sequence of seismic wave propagation time, the X and Z components can be determined in the seismic records to determine the diffraction wave train at the break point of the coal seam in the missing wing, as shown in Figure 2;

(3) Comparing the amplitude values of the X and Z components in the diffraction wave train at the breakpoint of the broken wing coal seam, select the diffraction wave with a period length with the largest amplitude value, as shown in Figure 3, select the time window of 33.4ms-35.9ms seismic waveform;

(4) Calculating the main polarization direction β ₁ of the cycle-length diffracted wave (n sampling points*sampling interval) in step (3), including the following steps:

1) Calculate the average value of the X component amplitude of n sampling points:

$\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}$

2) Calculate the average value of the Z component amplitude of n sampling points:

$\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}$

3) Build matrix

$\left[\begin{array}{c}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\\ \underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\end{array}\right]$

4) Find the main eigenvector (b ₁ ,b ₂ ) of the matrix, and obtain the clockwise angle β ₁ between the horizontal line of the detection point:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&beta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; arctan</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; b</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span>$

(5) Draw the ray L ₁ with the detection point as the endpoint and the angle β ₁ clockwise between the horizontal line of the detection point, as shown in Figure 4;

(6) determine the time t corresponding to the maximum amplitude value from the step (3) cycle length diffracted wave, as shown in Figure 5, solve diameter R, R=v * t, v is the top or floor rock formation longitudinal wave velocity in the formula;

(7) Draw an arc L ₂ with the detection point as the center and R as the diameter, as shown in Fig. 6, the intersection point of the ray L ₁ and the arc L ₂ is the position of the break point of the broken wing coal seam, and this position is the break point of the broken wing. The location of the missing wing coal seam.

Claims (2)

1. based on the inspection of single big gun the Advance Detection of Coal Roadway of recording geometry broken and lose the method in wing coal seam, it is characterized in that, the step of the method comprises, coal road is met head on base plate location arrangements shot point, earthquake-wave-exciting, 20m place, shot point dead astern layout one, there is X, Z two geophone station of component, can seismologic record be obtained at the seismograph of roadway layout; The sequencing of base area seismic travel-time, can determine in seismologic record that X, Z component are disconnected and lose the wing coal seam breakpoint diffracted wave wave train; Relatively X, Z component break the diffracted wave of the amplitude lost in the breakpoint diffracted wave wave train of wing coal seam, the one-period length selecting amplitude maximum; Calculate the main polarization direction of this Cycle Length diffracted wave; Drawing with geophone station is end points, the ray L of the clockwise angle of geophone station horizontal line ₁; In above-mentioned Cycle Length diffracted wave, find out the time t that peak swing value is corresponding, solve diameter R, R=v × t, in formula, v is top or floor strata velocity of longitudinal wave; Being the center of circle with geophone station, is that diameter draws camber line L with R ₂, then ray L ₁with camber line L ₂intersection point is disconnected mistake wing coal seam breakpoint location, and this position is disconnected mistake position, wing coal seam.

2. the method in mistake wing coal seam of breaking to the Advance Detection of Coal Roadway of recording geometry based on single big gun inspection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the main polarization direction β of the diffracted wave of described calculating one-period length ₁the step comprised has, and calculates n sampled point X component amplitude mean value: calculate n sampled point Z component mean value of amplitude: build matrix

$\left[\begin{array}{c}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(X_i-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{X})(X_i-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{X})\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(X_i-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{X})(Z_i-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{Z})\\ \underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(Z_i-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{Z})(X_i-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{X})\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(Z_i-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{Z})(Z_i-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{Z})\end{array}\right]$

Ask the main proper vector (b of matrix ₁, b ₂), draw the clockwise angle β of geophone station horizontal line ₁:

${\mathrm{\&beta;}}_1=\arctan \left|\frac{b_2}{b_1}\right|.$