CN103262152B - Constrained layer damping material - Google Patents
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- CN103262152B CN103262152B CN201180059967.1A CN201180059967A CN103262152B CN 103262152 B CN103262152 B CN 103262152B CN 201180059967 A CN201180059967 A CN 201180059967A CN 103262152 B CN103262152 B CN 103262152B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of constrained layer damping material, and it at least includes asphalt material, binding material and viscosifier, it is characterised in that described asphalt material is the fluxed bitumen that needle penetration is at least 150dmm and ring and ball softening point is ＞ 35 DEG C.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to for the shock material of systems with constraint damping and for weakening noise in automotive vehicles applications
Constrained layer damping product.
Background technology
Shock material is widely used in automobile application weakening road noise and the vibration of electromotor and sound.
For damping material, viscoelastic material is preferred.To the relevant damping effect of energy consumed in viscoelastic material with
The increase of the loss factor of the Young amount of touching and viscoelastic material and increase.Certainly, it bears also as material deformation and
Increase.But some materials have a high loss factor the low Young amount of touching, and it provides limited damping, other materials to metallic plate
But having the high Young amount of touching relatively low loss factor (such as, rubber), it is used as damped part is not the best equally.Good
Good damping material provides the compromise between the Young amount of touching and loss factor.
Owing to, in viscoelastic material, the Young amount of touching reduces along with temperature, and loss factor has in the function of temperature
, when damping effect (referred to as composite damping) on a metal plate has peak value, there is temperature window in peak value.Damped part is set
Count into and there is the peak value corresponding with application temperature.
There are two main damping principles: free layer damps (FLD) and constrained layer damping (CLD).
In FLD, the primary deformable of viscoelastic material is by the tension force caused by crooked metal sheet, it is common that bending is prone to
Structure division by the vibration that sound wave causes.For given damping material, the amount of the energy of consumption increases along with thickness.
Therefore, these materials trend towards thicker.Young's modulus is also the highest.
In CLD, due to material be sandwiched in vibration the horizontal layout along material two harder plates (structure and
Aluminum restraint layer) between, the primary deformable of viscoelastic material is to shear.Owing to the detrusion tension set than FLD is bigger, so
The viscoelastic material of thin layer can be used.This material is generally softer than in FLD, to guarantee to deposit between the hardness and damping of metallic plate
In big difference, therefore ensure that high shearing force.It practice, deformation is the very large compensation to low Young's modulus.If material
The hardest, then tension set can be the least.Certainly, damping effect increases along with the increase of the damping factor of viscoelastic material.
The harder structures such as such as car body panel need restraint layer damping.Constrained layer damping is included in structured base layer
(4) the damping-constraining material (3) and between restraint layer (2), is shown in Fig. 1.Structured base layer and restraint layer can effectively serve as constraint
Layer.For constrained layer damping, the method for articulamentum is unimportant, as long as there is enough surface contacts and coupling.But, if
If necessary, binding agent (5) should have high shearing rigidity, answers this is because soft binding agent can not transmit shearing fully
Power is to middle damping layer.
Constrained layer damping material is incorporated as the metallic plate of restraint layer and is applied to selection part or the region of vehicle, is formed
The structured base layer of systems with constraint damping, to avoid vibration and noise to be passed to main cabin at vehicle interior.Problem is processed to have
Many surfaces of this damping system are not level, but tilt the most reverse in vertical direction.This means this portion
Divide or the adhesive function of additional adhesive layer must resist gravity.Therefore this adhesive layer or should have few along with increasing not days
Permitted slow creep or flow behavior.
The material being commonly used for restraint layer includes thermoplastic or elastomeric material, and it can suppress vibration and sound.
Asphaltic base damping material is more cheap than rubbery material, but has the disadvantage in that, it is not autohension.
Colophonium is generally showed by the combination of needle penetration, softening point and viscosity, and is divided into material below grade:
Penetration grade Colophonium is to be obtained by the fractional distillation of crude oil, and the lightest fraction is steam, i.e. butane and propane,
Heavier fraction is listed in gasoline products, followed by kerosene, followed by diesel oil, and the heaviest fraction is the hydrocarbon of high molecular
Compound.These heavy Hydrocarbon are referred to as reduced crude, and are distilled in vacuum tower further and produce bavin
Oil, distillate and decompression residuum.Decompression residuum is used to produce the raw material more than 20 grade bitumen, and these Colophoniumes are by their pin
In-degree index is classified, and usual PEN value is 10 to 330dmm, and this is the distance that pin thrusts Colophonium in standard method of test, single
Position is 1/10 millimeter.Penetration grade Colophonium is showed by needle penetration and softening point.
Oxidized asphalt is showed by softening point and needle penetration, and such as, 85/40 is that softening point is 85 and needle penetration is 40
Oxidized asphalt.Oxidized asphalt obtains by processing decompression residuum further.Oxidized asphalt uses air partly to blow or complete
The system of full blowing, to increase their molecular weight.
Hard grade bitumen is showed by their softening point and needle penetration, but is only specified by softening point range,
Such as, H80/90.
Experience is it has been proved that provide than oxidation for the application in the sound insulation panel in vehicle, needle penetration or PEN grade
The more preferable damping characteristic of grade.But, the panel that production is flowed in storage, it is generally recognized that 15pen is frangible, and
50pen and higher pen grade are too soft.Colophonium is disposed on body panel to be damped, and is heated (about 140
DEG C), then they must meet the shape of body panel under the weight of their own and bond securely.Typical composition
(quality %) is:
Colophonium (25pen) 25～30%；
Polymer (such as, APP, EVC etc.) 0～5%；
Fiber 3～5%；
Filler (such as, limestone, clay, Muscovitum etc.) 60～70% (the shell bituminous industry handbook of the root etc. that rubs,
Thomas Telford, 1995).
One common method of application shock material is to be set to include plate or the band forms of adhesive layer, and it will
Damping material is adhered to preferable substrate, such as car body panel or inner panel.But, this needs shock material quilt
It is laminated at least one pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or thermal activities adhesive layer.
It is known that the optimal time installing these damping sheets is that this is usual before the external surface coating of solidification vehicle
Occur in can reaching the oven beyond 190 DEG C of temperature.Therefore this performance of the jointing material of plate allow for bearing as
This violent temporary temperature.Having been found that and lose owing to mechanical performance increases along with temperature, thermoplastic resin based adhesive is not
Enough bonding strengths can be provided after baking the affected part after applying some drugs curing process.
Accordingly, it has been known that, the heat activated adhesive such as such as heat curing adhesive is preferred, wherein, and the work of binding agent
Change a temperature being potentially based on baking the affected part after applying some drugs curing process to properly modify.Therefore, this binding agent has to bear and generally bakes at baking the affected part after applying some drugs
The temperature found in technique, maintains required bonding strength simultaneously.But, laminated material must face the most in some way
Time be connected to metallic media, until binding agent suitably activated.
US3243374 discloses iron powder purposes in asphaltic base noise and vibration damping plate, in order to allow plate with
Initial location in heat activated adhesive assembling.Application among or before, binding agent is existed by magnetic support by thermal activation, plate
On its position.
One alternative is the use of autohension damping material.There are two kinds of main materials, a kind of material currently on the market
It is composite based on Colophonium, and another kind is based on rubber.
Damping-constraining layer material can be made up of the combination of the viscosifier such as Colophonium and such as hydrocarbon resin, in order to be derived from viscosity resistance
Damping material.The Colophonium of usual two grades is used for producing damping material, and the Colophonium of the two grade is the drip of 20/30pen grade
Green grass or young crops and blown asphalt.The penetration of bitumens of 20/30pen grade is 20～30dmm, and ring and ball softening point is of about 55 DEG C；Blow
Penetration of bitumens processed is 35～40dmm, and ring and ball softening point is of about 100 DEG C.Damped part maker scene mixes,
Therefore two kinds of different asphalt materials are stored in respective tank, and mix in the preparation process of damped part,
To increase the fusion temperature of finished product damped part.But, the Colophonium of blowing type becomes the Niche Product of major oil companies, and
It is increasingly difficult to obtain for the asphalt material making damped part.
Owing to resin has been blended in Colophonium, so the bitumen layer with hydrocarbon resins can be used, without entering
Row solidification.Due to the high-load of VOC (VOC), no longer allow to use hydro carbons tree in the passenger area of automobile
The viscosifier of fat.
US6828020 discloses an example of butyl rubber type damping material.Butyl rubber constrained layer material is developed
For building industry and existing frequently-used in the damping of car body panel.This product and raw material are expensive.Particularly,
The mixing of component needs height to cut the blender to power, and is therefore energy charge process.Now, it is developed for building industry
Material is also used for automobile application.Not all autohension butyl damping material can support by solidification temperature, and aluminium foil is solid
Tend to layering during change or start to slide.Butyl damping material part for automobile application is changed in the market
Enter, to bear the solidification temperature of 190 DEG C.
These autohension damping materials produce with plate form, have and are used as the aluminium foil of restraint layer and another at plate in side
The release paper (release paper) of side.After removing this paper, jointing material directly applies the face of pending damping
On plate, without extra adhesive layer.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to obtain a kind of damping material, it is constrained that it can act as in constrained layer damping parts
Layer, it is suitable with currently marketed material in acoustical behavior, and uses the raw material being easier to obtain.Preferably, this resistance
Damping material is autohension, so need not extra adhesive layer.Therefore, it is an object of the invention to obtain interchangeable damping material
Material, it can act as the constrained layer in constrained layer damping (CLD).
Surprisingly it has been found that described needle penetration is at least 150dmm and ring and ball softening point is more than 35 DEG C
Fluxed bitumen can act as the constrained layer in constrained layer damping (CLD).
Constrained layer damping material according to the present invention at least includes asphalt material and binding material, wherein, described Colophonium material
Material is that needle penetration is at least 150dmm and ring and ball softening point is the fluxed bitumen more than 35 DEG C, it is preferable that described asphalt material
Colophonium for 160/220pen grade.Owing to this Colophonium is generally used for road, so it can obtain the most in large quantities.
Other Colophonium with suitable physical characteristic can also be used.Described Colophonium is that the 20% of the gross weight of described damping material arrives
40%.Described binding material accounts for 45% to the 70% of gross weight.Without explanation, the % be given refers to that finished product damps material all the time
The % of material gross weight.
As binding material, Chalk, pulverulent lime rock, Muscovitum, rubber or latex type material or such as polyester can be used
At least one in the fibrous materials such as fiber, cellulose fibre or wood fibre.Advantageously, use Chalk, such as fiber and/or
The combination of the combinative binding material such as latex.Fiber, polymer, latex or elastomeric at least one have adhesion
Binding material account for 1.5% to the 6% of gross weight.
This damping material can be used together with adhesive layer and obtain CLD, or it addition, viscosifier are added to damp material
Material, such as, at least one in magnetic-particle filler or resin.
The resin of the present invention can include by Colophonium, esterase, tall oil, rosin ester, hydrogenated rosin, hydrogenated rosin
The tree chosen in the combination of the product composition of the product of ester, Colophonium and maleic anhydride and Colophonium and phenol
Fat.Rosin ester can be formed by the reaction of Colophonium and ethanol, wherein ethanol from by methanol, dipropylene glycol, glycerol, tetramethylolmethane and
The combination of its mixture composition selects.
As tackifier resins, rosin derivative is preferably used.Surprisingly it has been found that by combining 160/
220pen grade bitumen and a small amount of Colophonium or Colophonium, Colophonium maintains the pliability needed for constrained layer, and it is autohension,
When the product of these types is in the automobile in time be stable in temperature range.The performance of this material and optimization
Butyl rubber damping material is comparable, and can substitute this more expensive material in same application.Colophonium reaches damping
The 8% of the gross weight of material, preferably between 0 to 6%.At least resin between 2 to 8% weight is employed to obtain self-adhesion
Property damping material.
Preferably, rosin derivative is the methyl ester of Colophonium or the methyl ester of hydrogenated rosin or the triglycol ester of Colophonium or hydrogen
Change at least one in the triethylene ester of Colophonium.Advantageously, using under processing temperature is the rosin derivative of viscous liquid.Colophonium
Hydrogenated form be it is furthermore preferred that because they there is higher viscosity.Choosing interchangeable bonding system, such as magnetic
When grain or adhesive glue layer, the resin of 0% can be used.
Other additive being not directly relevant to described characteristic, such as, mixing or the processing aid such as calcium oxide can be added.
For restraint layer, firm layer, preferred metal layers, more preferably aluminum or steel can be used.Such as glass mat, fleece material
Or the constraint material such as cardboard can also be used for specifically applying.The thickness of this layer is generally between 0.05 to 0.2mm.In specific feelings
Under shape, according to WO2008/098395, damping material and the bottom panel as restraint layer and the vehicle floor as structure division
Combination can be used as constrained layer.
Therefore, it is thus achieved that damping material can be used as the constrained layer in constrained layer damping device CLD.If using autohension to mix
Compound, then release paper can be used on the opposite side of restraint layer, to avoid pasting in storage and transportation, until
Product is applied to the structure division of pending damping.Material according to the invention can be used for the horizontal and vertical part of vehicle.
Due to this combination of materials, this Colophonium damping material and does not the most flow in the temperature range of application and is stable
's.It addition, damping characteristic exceeds 0.1 in relevant frequencies range.Although need not temperature-curable step, but material can be coated with
Being applied on car body before layer solidification, and the bonding or damping characteristic to material has no significant effect, particularly it does not reduce
These performances.But, material also can be applied after the assembling process of automobile.
Method of testing
Adhesion characteristic is by using for FINAT method of testing FMT2 the peel adhesion (90 °) of 100mm/ minute
Measure.This test is used to the conglutination reaction of the different laminated material of comparison.Generally be given 90 ° of measurement peel adhesion and be less than
The value of 180 °, and allow the measured material torn for the commonly provided paper of these values.Peel adhesion is at specific angle
Remove the power needed for being applied to the pressure-sensitive coating material of this standard test panel from standard test panel under degree and speed.In view of the limit
Bonding, measures bonding in 24 hours after application.The test strip used is 25mm width, and has 190mm's in a machine direction
Length.This machine is set to the fixture rate of departure of 100mm per minute.Given peel adhesion (90 °) is test strip
Average result, represents by the newton on the width of every 25mm.This test repeats at a temperature of different tests.
For the test of the damping loss characteristic of authentic specimen and material according to the invention, use ISO6721-3.Sample
Measuring on the conveyer belt equipment that inner special automotive system buys.
The explanation of existing authentic specimen
As benchmark 1, use the existing butyl damping material T255AL15 that Olin company sells.This is and release paper
The aluminum butyl adhesive band (alu-butyl adhesive tape) sold together.According to product description, this material is-30
There is in the temperature ranges of 80 DEG C the viscoelasticity butyl of damping capacity.But, this material should be applied to base in 5 to 40 DEG C
This structure division.The total area weight of this material is 2.9kg/m2, gross thickness is 1.7mm, and density is 1.4 to 1.7.The thickness of aluminum
It is 150 μm.
Use normally used 20/30 hard grade of Colophonium to make benchmark 2.This material is shaped with the Colophonium 20/30 of about 27%,
The Chalk of about 57% and reach about 6% combinative binding material: fiber, CaO and latex.
As it is shown in figure 1, in viscosity is tested, the damping material as benchmark is not autohension, itself and bonding glue
Layer is used together.Use one or two glue layer.As glue layer, use and can glue from the acrylic acid that Adesia company buys
Mixture.
Exemplary dampened material according to the present invention
Exemplary dampened material according to the present invention (INV) is shaped with:
Colophonium, weight ratio about 160/220pen grade between 30% to 35%；
Binding material: weight ratio CaCO between 55% to 60%3With the cellulose fibre that weight ratio is of about 2%
And weight ratio about 2.4 to 2.6% synthetic latex；
Colophonium, uses according to indicating, without sign, by gross weight than about 4% use.
As Colophonium, using 160/220 road asphalt from Unipetrol, its needle penetration arrives 220dmm, ring 160
Ball softening point is between 35 to 43 DEG C.This material has the breaking point of-15 DEG C and the softening point of 12 DEG C.
For resin, use the methyl ester of Colophonium, such as granolite (Granolite).
Proportion percentage ratio is optimized to be used in each sample, to obtain stable product.When needing, for such as Colophonium
Process and drying etc. operates reason and adds extra additive.These additives are known in the art, and for material
The damping capacity of material does not directly affect.
For the measurement of CLD characteristic, two kinds of asphalt materials are oven-dried, with the data avoiding glue layer interference to obtain.This is subject to
Restraining structure uses the aluminium foil of 0.2mm to realize in both cases.Butyl damped part need not dry and just measures.This
Plant the inherent character that bonding is this material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of constrained layer damping parts (CLD)；
Fig. 2 shows the comparison of the damping material according to the present invention and the loss factor of reference material；And
Fig. 3 shows the viscosity of the damping material relevant to the amount of the Colophonium used.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the constrained layer damping (CLD) on basis, and it is included in being subject between structured base layer (4) and restraint layer (2)
Damping-constraining material (3), is shown in Fig. 1.For constrained layer damping, the method connecting these layers is unimportant, as long as occurring enough
Surface contact and coupling.If material includes magnetic-particle or autohension, then need not other glue layer.But, as
If fruit uses adhesive layer, the adhesive layer (5) of optimization should have high shearing rigidity, because soft binding agent can not be fully
Transmission shear stress is to middle damping layer.Restraint layer (2), constrained damping layer (3) and (if necessary) glue layer (5)
Form the constrained layer damping product that can sell such as auto industry together.If use glue layer, then will be connected to
The surface of the outer layer of the glue layer of structured base layer (i.e. car body part) can have release paper, to avoid material in transport
During form undesired stickup.The autohension restraint layers such as such as reference material 1 need not extra glue layer.
Fig. 2 shows the loss factor to constrained layer damping systematic survey, this system have reference material (benchmark 1:
Olin；Benchmark 2:20/30 Colophonium) or according to the material as constrained layer material of the present invention (INV), this embodiment has
0% Colophonium.
New constrained layer material according to the present invention shows ratio reference material better performance.Owing to vehicle is travelling
Middle major part region is typically heated to about 30 DEG C, so the peak value of the loss factor in the range of 30 to 50 DEG C is for this
The application of type is optimal, even more preferable than authentic specimen.
The peel adhesion of the sample of the Colophonium damped part with 0 to 8% Colophonium according to the present invention and existing bonding
Layer (Ad) compares with the bonding force of the existing Colophonium damping material (StoA) as benchmark 1.Fig. 3 shows at a given temperature
The result measured after 24 hours.
At 23 DEG C, compared with butyl benchmark (StoA) and adhesive glue water layer benchmark, according to 0% Colophonium that has of the present invention
Colophonium damping material shows enough autohension.But, at a lower temperature, (Colophonium) is above-mentioned viscosity ratio two when 0%
Person is the lowest.The viscosity of glue layer is industrially acknowledged as the whole temperature range that can be used in vehicle, and therefore has at least
The material of the Colophonium of about 4% percentage by weight can be compared with the viscosity of jointing material in the market.But, actual
Preferably viscosity and thus the weight of required Colophonium depends on the particular demands of position in vehicle and the explanation of motor vehicle manufacturers.
On horizontal level, viscosity during Colophonium 0% is enough to ensure that arranged damped part in position.
Colophonium damping material shows adhesion failure, it means that damping material will be with aluminum restraint layer or construction car parts
Layering.For the damping material according to the present invention, when rupturing the inside occurred at damping material, this is not as adhesion failure
Profit.Therefore, adjusting the viscosity of needs according to product particular demands is to be relatively easy to.
Constrained damping material based on Colophonium 160/220pen grade and the doctrine contrary of those skilled in the art, be right
The real replacement of currently used specific asphalt mixture costly.By using Colophonium or rosin resin, it is possible to create
A kind of constrained layer material, it not only performs better than than existing material, but also is autohension.Owing to Colophonium does not interferes with VOC
Value, so interchangeable damping material can be used in cabin interior, and does not has health risk.
Claims (8)
1. constrained layer damping material, it is made up of asphalt material, binding material and rosin tackifier, it is characterised in that described drip
Green material is 20% to the 40% of the gross weight of described damping material, and described binding material is the gross weight of described damping material
45% to 70%, described rosin tackifier is 0% to the 8% of the gross weight of described damping material, and described asphalt material is that pin enters
Spend between 160 to 220dmm and ring and ball softening point fluxed bitumen between 35 to 43 DEG C.
Damping material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described binding material be Chalk, pulverulent lime rock,
At least one in Muscovitum, synthetic latex or fiber.
Damping material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described viscosifier are to be stickiness liquid at processing temperatures
The rosin derivative of body.
Damping material the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described rosin derivative is methyl ester or the hydrogenation of Colophonium
At least one in the triethylene ester of the methyl ester of Colophonium or the triglycol ester of Colophonium or hydrogenated rosin.
Damping material the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described binding material includes for described damping material
At least one in the fiber of 1.5% to the 6% of gross weight, polymer, latex or synthetic rubber.
Damping material the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described fiber is cellulose fibre.
7. constrained layer damping product, its be used for constrained layer damping system, at least include restraint layer and constrained layer, its feature exists
In, the damping material for described constrained layer is according to the constrained layer damping material described in any one in aforementioned claim
Material.
Constrained layer damping product the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that there is at least one additional adhesive layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10195287A EP2474971A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | Constrained-layer damping material |
| EP10195287.7 | 2010-12-16 | ||
| PCT/EP2011/072947 WO2012080416A2 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2011-12-15 | Constrained-layer damping material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103262152A CN103262152A (en) | 2013-08-21 |
| CN103262152B true CN103262152B (en) | 2016-11-30 |
Family
ID=
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