CN103334796A - Piston type electronic control distribution engine and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a piston type electronically controlled gas distribution engine and its application. The piston type electronically controlled gas distribution engine includes a cylinder, a piston and a controller, and is characterized in that: an air inlet and an exhaust port are arranged at the bottom of the cylinder, An intake solenoid valve is installed on the air inlet, and an exhaust solenoid valve is installed on the exhaust port; the crankshaft is connected to the end of the piston connecting rod, and the crankshaft rotation angle position sensor is connected to the crankshaft; the intake solenoid valve, the exhaust solenoid valve and the crankshaft The rotation angle position sensors are respectively connected with the controller through signal wires. It can be used as an air motor, a compressed air energy storage power plant, or an engine to drive a generator. The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine of the present invention replaces the complex mechanical gas distribution of the piston engine with electronically controlled gas distribution; the intake air volume is controllable; the exhaust solenoid valve is controllable; mature diesel engine technology can be used to transform it into a piston type Electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic motor; high efficiency and wide application.

Description

Piston Electronically Controlled Valve Engine and Its Application

technical field

The invention relates to a piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine and its application, belonging to the field of engines.

Background technique

Diesel engines and gasoline engines are piston engines, and their valve trains are mechanical. The valve mechanism is mainly composed of valve group, valve seat, rocker arm, rocker arm shaft, valve tappet, push rod, timing belt, timing sprocket, camshaft and gear transmission system. The valve group is mainly composed of valves, valve springs, valve spring seats, valve guides, and valve locks. In order to improve the quality of engine valve closing, each valve is generally equipped with two springs with opposite helical directions. When the engine is working, the valves are constantly opened and closed. When the valves are closed, the working surfaces of the valves are in close contact with the valve seats, so that the airtightness is good and no gas can pass through. The rocker arm and the rocker arm shaft are installed on the structure of the cylinder head with the overhead valve. The rocker arm is a reversing lever that transmits the up and down movement of the push rod to open and close the valve. The valve tappet converts the cam rotation motion of the camshaft into the up and down motion of the valve tappet, and pushes the valve to open and close on time through the push rod and rocker arm.

An air motor is a transmission device that converts the energy of compressed air into output torque and speed. Those that cannot rotate continuously for reciprocating rotation are called swing air motors; those that can rotate continuously are called rotary air motors, or air motors for short. According to the working principle, the air motor is divided into two categories: volumetric type and turbine type. Volumetric air motors are divided into vane type, piston type and gear type according to the structure. The most commonly used air motors in positive displacement are bidirectional rotary vane and radial piston air motors. The main features of the air motor are stepless speed regulation, forward and reverse rotation, overload protection, wide power range and speed range, low temperature rise during long-term full-load operation, safe work, and suitable for harsh working environments. (Edited by China Hydraulic Pneumatic Seals Industry Association, edited by Chen Qifu, History of China's Pneumatic Industry, Machinery Industry Press, 2012).

The air distribution of the piston air motor is mechanical.

The technical level and product quality of my country's pneumatic products are roughly equivalent to those of foreign countries 15 to 20 years ago, and there is a big gap compared with foreign countries in key technical performances such as reliability, response characteristics, precision, and sensitivity. In the next 20 years, the overall development goal of pneumatic technology is to comprehensively improve the level of my country's pneumatic technology, reach or approach the international advanced level, and basically meet the development needs of high-end manufacturing, new energy and other strategic emerging industries. (Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society, China Mechanical Engineering Technology Roadmap, Machinery Industry Press 2011).

Invention patent: A solar constant pressure heating hot air engine power generation system provides a working medium as air, no need for water as a working medium, and no tower (or chimney), eliminating the huge Stirling engine in solar butterfly power generation The solar energy constant pressure heating hot air flow engine power generation system of the cooling mechanism. The invention includes a dual-axis tracking solar focusing mirror system, a solar constant pressure heating power conversion unit or hot air flow engine, and a generator, and is characterized in that: the solar constant pressure heating power conversion unit is composed of an air compressor, a gas storage tank, and a solar energy absorption The output shaft power cylinder assembly consists of a cylinder, an air inlet and an exhaust port on the cylinder, an air intake valve on the air inlet, an exhaust valve on the exhaust port, Pistons, connecting rods and cranks, air compressors, gas storage tanks, and solar absorbers are connected in series with the air inlet, the pistons are connected to the crank through the connecting rod, and the crank shaft is connected to the generator shaft. The working mode is constant pressure. Heating circulation mode, the heating is completed by solar energy through the solar absorber, and the solar constant pressure heating power conversion unit is an open system. (Invention patent number: 201110119488.6).

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a piston type electronically controlled valve engine and its application. The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine of the present invention adopts electronically controlled gas distribution to replace the mechanical gas distribution mechanism of the piston type diesel engine and gasoline engine, and cancels the valve group, valve seat, rocker arm, rocker arm shaft, etc. of the mechanical gas distribution mechanism. Valve tappets, push rods, camshafts, and gear transmission systems and other components do not require valves, valve springs, valve spring seats, valve guides, valve locks, etc. of the valve group.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved in the following manner:

A piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine, including a cylinder, a piston, and a controller, is characterized in that: an air inlet and an exhaust port are arranged at the bottom of the cylinder, and an air inlet solenoid valve is installed on the air inlet to control the air inlet. Air enters the cylinder, and an exhaust solenoid valve is installed on the exhaust port to control the exhaust port to discharge the air in the cylinder; the end of the piston connecting rod is connected to the crankshaft, and the crankshaft is connected to the crankshaft angle position sensor; the intake solenoid valve, exhaust The solenoid valve and the crankshaft angle position sensor are respectively connected to the controller through the signal line; the crankshaft angle position sensor detects the angular position of the crankshaft rotation, thereby indirectly detecting the position of the piston in the cylinder, and sends the signal to the controller, and the controller according to The position of the piston in the cylinder detected by the crank angle position sensor controls the opening and closing of the intake solenoid valve and the exhaust solenoid valve.

The crankshaft angle position sensor is an incremental photoelectric encoder, an absolute photoelectric encoder or other angular position sensors;

The intake solenoid valve and the exhaust solenoid valve are high-speed solenoid valves at room temperature or high-speed high-speed solenoid valves.

The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine of the present invention is used as an air motor;

The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine of the present invention is used as compressed air energy storage power generation equipment;

The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine of the present invention is used as an engine driving a generator in a solar constant pressure heating hot air engine power generation system or a disc solar power generation system.

The working principle of the present invention is: the intake solenoid valve controls the intake air to enter the cylinder, and the exhaust solenoid valve controls the exhaust port to discharge the air in the cylinder; the intake solenoid valve and the exhaust solenoid valve cannot be opened at the same time, otherwise, the intake The port and the exhaust port will be straight through; when the intake solenoid valve is open, the air enters the cylinder; In the position control, the angular position of the crankshaft rotation can determine the position of the piston in the cylinder, and the crankshaft angle position sensor can detect the angle of the crankshaft rotation, so that the crankshaft angle position sensor can indirectly detect the position of the piston in the cylinder, so , the controller can control the opening and closing of the intake solenoid valve and the exhaust solenoid valve according to the position of the piston in the cylinder detected by the crank angle position sensor. The crank angle position sensor can adopt sensors such as incremental photoelectric encoder and absolute photoelectric encoder.

When the present invention is applied to an air motor, the present invention is a piston-type electronically controlled air distribution pneumatic engine, and the gas pressure at the air inlet of the engine can be considered constant in each cycle; when the piston is at the top dead center, the controller controls the intake electromagnetic When the valve is opened, the gas from the intake port enters the cylinder, and the gas in the cylinder pushes the piston to do work at a constant pressure. The intake solenoid valve controls the intake air volume. When the gas entering the cylinder reaches the required intake air volume, the controller controls the intake solenoid valve. Closed; when both the intake solenoid valve and the exhaust solenoid valve are closed, the gas expands adiabatically in the cylinder, and the gas pushes the piston to do work; when the gas expands adiabatically in the cylinder, the cylinder pressure drops to atmospheric pressure or the piston reaches the bottom dead center, the control The controller controls the exhaust solenoid valve to open until the piston reaches the top dead center and enters the next cycle.

When the present invention is applied to an air motor, the situation of a piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine: when the intake air volume is small, the intake electromagnetic valve is closed, the gas expands adiabatically in the cylinder, and the air pressure of the cylinder has dropped to Atmospheric pressure, at this time, the exhaust solenoid valve opens to prevent the cylinder air pressure from becoming negative pressure. This situation is called the situation of insufficient intake air volume; when the intake air volume reaches a critical value, the intake solenoid valve closes, and the gas in the cylinder Adiabatic expansion, when the piston reaches the bottom dead center, the cylinder pressure is just atmospheric pressure, at this time, the exhaust solenoid valve opens; when the intake air volume exceeds, the intake solenoid valve closes, the gas expands adiabatically in the cylinder, and the piston reaches the bottom dead center When the cylinder pressure is still greater than the atmospheric pressure, at this time, the exhaust solenoid valve is opened.

When the engine is working, the controller controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve on time. When the present invention is applied to normal-temperature compressed air energy storage power generation and normal-temperature air motors, a normal-temperature high-speed solenoid valve can be selected. When the present invention is applied to a solar energy constant pressure heating thermal airflow engine power generation system, a dish solar power generation system, and a high temperature compressed air energy storage power generation, a high temperature and high speed electromagnetic valve can be selected.

The advantages of the present invention are: the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine of the present invention replaces the complex mechanical gas distribution of the piston engine with electronically controlled gas distribution; the intake air volume is controllable; the exhaust solenoid valve is controllable; mature diesel engine technology can be used , Transformed into a piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine; high efficiency and wide application.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the ideal pressure-capacity P-V diagram of the insufficient air intake of the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine;

Fig. 3 is the ideal pressure-capacity P-V diagram of the critical intake air volume of the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine;

Fig. 4 is the ideal pressure-capacity P-V diagram of the over-intake volume of the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine.

Detailed ways

With reference to accompanying drawing 1, the present invention is made up of intake solenoid valve 1, air inlet 2, exhaust solenoid valve 3, exhaust port 4, crank angle position sensor 5, controller 6, cylinder 7, piston 8 and crankshaft 9. The intake solenoid valve 1 is installed between the intake port 2 and the cylinder 7; the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is installed between the exhaust port 4 and the cylinder 7; the crankshaft angle position sensor 5 is connected to the crankshaft 9, and the crankshaft angle position sensor 5 detects The rotation angle of the crankshaft 9, without loss of generality, can be defined as 0 degrees when the piston 8 is at the top dead center, 180 degrees when the piston 8 is at the bottom dead center, and 360 degrees when the crankshaft 9 rotates a circle. The angular position can be measured by the crankshaft angle position sensor 5, and the angular position of the crankshaft 9 corresponds to the position of the piston 8 in the cylinder 7, so the crankshaft angle position sensor 5 can detect the position of the piston 8 in the cylinder 7; 6 According to the position of the piston 8 in the cylinder 7 detected by the crank angle position sensor 5, the opening and closing of the intake solenoid valve 1 and the exhaust solenoid valve 3 are controlled.

When the present invention is applied as a piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine, with reference to accompanying drawings 2, 3, 4: P ₀ is atmospheric pressure, P ₁ is air inlet 2 air pressure; Point 1, 5 is that piston 8 is at the top dead center, V ₁ is the clearance volume; point 4 is the piston 8 at the bottom dead center, V ₀ is the volume of the cylinder 7; the intake solenoid valve 1 is opened at point 1 and closed at point 2, and the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is opened at point 3 and closed at point Closed, the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is open at point 4; the process from point 1 to point 2 is a constant pressure expansion process, the process from point 2 to point 3 is an adiabatic expansion process, and the process from point 4 to point 5 is a cylinder exhaust process. The process from 5 to point 1 is the constant volume pressurization process.

Referring to Figure 2, during the adiabatic expansion process of the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine from point 2 to point 3, the intake air volume is small, that is, V ₂ is small, and when the adiabatic expansion reaches point 3, the air pressure of cylinder 7 is atmospheric pressure P ₀ , At this time, the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is opened, otherwise the air pressure of the cylinder will generate negative pressure if the adiabatic expansion continues; from point 3 to point 4, the cylinder 7 inhales air through the exhaust solenoid valve and the exhaust port; the process from point 4 to point 5 is the cylinder exhaust During the process, since the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is in the open state, the air pressure of the cylinder 7 is maintained at the atmospheric pressure P ₀ until the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is closed at point 5 . The piston-type electronically controlled gas-distribution pneumatic engine operated according to the cyclic process of accompanying drawing 2 is referred to as an under-intake working state.

Referring to Figure 3, during the adiabatic expansion process of the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine from point 2 to point 3, the intake air volume is large to a certain extent, that is, V ₂ is large to a certain extent, and the adiabatic expansion reaches the atmospheric pressure P ₀ in cylinder 7 , the piston 8 just reaches the bottom dead center, at this time, the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is opened, the point 3 and point 4 coincide, the process from point 4 to point 5 is the cylinder exhaust process, and the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is closed at point 5. The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine operating according to the cyclic process of the accompanying drawing 3 is called the critical air intake working state.

Referring to accompanying drawing 4, the intake volume of the piston-type electronically controlled air distribution pneumatic engine is relatively large, that is, V ₂ is relatively large, and when point 2 to point 3 adiabatically expands to the bottom dead center, the air pressure of cylinder 7 is greater than atmospheric pressure P ₀ , at this time, the exhaust The air solenoid valve 3 is opened, the constant volume exhaust process from point 3 to point 4, the process from point 4 to point 5 is the cylinder exhaust process, and the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is closed at point 5. The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine operated according to the cyclic process of accompanying drawing 4 is referred to as the over-intake working state.

Claims (6)

1. automatically controlled air-distribution engines of piston type, comprise cylinder, piston, controller, it is characterized in that: be provided with suction port and relief opening in the bottom of cylinder, the air inlet solenoid valve is installed on the suction port, control suction port air enters cylinder, exhaust solenoid valve is installed on the relief opening, and the control relief opening is discharged the air in the cylinder; The end of piston rod is connected with bent axle, is connected with the CAP sensor on the bent axle; Air inlet solenoid valve, exhaust solenoid valve and CAP sensor connect with controller by signaling line respectively; The CAP sensor detects the position, angle of crankshaft rotating, thereby detect the position of piston in cylinder indirectly, and signal sent to controller, controller is controlled the opening and closing of air inlet solenoid valve and exhaust solenoid valve according to the position of the detected piston of CAP sensor in cylinder.

2. the automatically controlled air-distribution engines of piston type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described CAP sensor is incremental photo encoder, absolute light photoelectric coder or angular position pick up.

3. the automatically controlled air-distribution engines of piston type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described air inlet solenoid valve and exhaust solenoid valve are normal temperature high-speed electromagnetic valve or high temperature and high speed solenoid valve.

4. the application of the automatically controlled air-distribution engines of piston type according to claim 1 is characterized in that: as the application of gas motor.

5. the application of the automatically controlled air-distribution engines of piston type according to claim 1 is characterized in that: as the application of compressed-air energy storage power generating equipment.

6. the application of the automatically controlled air-distribution engines of piston type according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in solar energy level pressure heat hot air-flow engine electric power generating system or disc type solar energy power generation system, as the application of the motor that drives generator.

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