CN103399256B - Method and device for realizing fault location of lead - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种实现导线故障定位的方法。该方法包括从待测导线中提取第一测试信号；将第一测试信号进行时延处理，从而得到第二测试信号；将接收到的第一测试信号在待测的故障位置处反射回来的第三测试信号和第二测试信号输入乘法器并根据第二测试信号和第三测试信号输出第四测试信号；对第四测试信号进行积分运算，以得到第二测试信号和第三测试信号的相关函数运算结果；以及对相关函数运算结果进行峰值检测，以确定导线的故障位置。该方法的优点在于不必设计特定的测试信号，而将导线中的噪声或现有的信号作为测试信号，能够完全不影响待测导线的信号传输，因而能够保证飞机导线的数据完整性，是在线检测导线多分支网络故障的理想方法。
The invention relates to a method for realizing wire fault location. The method includes extracting a first test signal from the wire to be tested; performing time-delay processing on the first test signal to obtain a second test signal; reflecting the received first test signal back at the fault location to be tested. The third test signal and the second test signal are input to the multiplier and the fourth test signal is output according to the second test signal and the third test signal; the fourth test signal is integrated to obtain the correlation between the second test signal and the third test signal The result of the function operation; and performing peak detection on the result of the related function operation to determine the fault location of the wire. The advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to design a specific test signal, but the noise in the wire or the existing signal is used as the test signal, which can completely not affect the signal transmission of the wire to be tested, thus ensuring the data integrity of the aircraft wire. Ideal method for detecting faults in wire multi-drop networks.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于故障诊断领域，特别是涉及一种利用噪声域反射法实现导线故障定位的方法。The invention belongs to the field of fault diagnosis, in particular to a method for realizing wire fault location by using noise domain reflection method.
背景技术Background technique
飞机导线是为飞机电气系统提供动力能源和传输控制信号的硬件装置，是飞机上连接供电电源、机电设备、电子设备和控制系统的重要能源和信息通道。随着飞机机龄的增长，飞机导线长期在复杂的环境中工作，极易出现绝缘层磨损、老化、腐蚀等故障，最终导致飞机导线短路和断路，为飞行安全造成危害。在现有的飞机导线故障检测方法中，时域反射检测方法是一种通用的测试技术。时域反射方法的原理是向导线的一端发射一个低压高频脉冲参考信号，由于导线故障会导致其阻抗发生变化，参考信号则会在故障处发生反射。在信号入射端检测到反射信号，利用入射信号与反射信号的延迟时间可以计算导线故障位置，反射信号的幅值和方向可以判断故障的类型。频域反射方法测量原理是将扫频信号输入到待测导线，并将其反射信号的测量数据经快速傅里叶逆变换转换为时域信息，根据导线的相对传播速度随电缆的介质材料的不同而改变就可计算出故障位置。这些方法测量结果较为精确，但需专门发射特定的测试信号，测试信号有可能对飞机导线传输的有用信号造成干扰，更重要的是由于飞机工作环境复杂，反射信号中有可能混入噪声信号，造成飞机导线微弱故障难以诊断，且不适用于在线测试。扩展频谱技术对在线测试效果非常突出，其原理是向待测电缆发射二进制伪随机码或经正弦波调制的PN码信号，将检测到的反射信号与延迟的入射信号进行相关运算，相关器输出达最大，从而确定信号的延迟时间，以此来计算导线故障位置。这种方法可应用到飞机在线测试中，即在飞机飞行中也可对导线进行持续的测试。扩展频谱方法虽然能对飞机导线进行在线监测，但仍需发射PN码作为测试信号，影响飞机导线数据的传输，且多分支网络结构的导线难以检测。Aircraft wire is a hardware device that provides power energy and transmits control signals for the aircraft electrical system. It is an important energy and information channel connecting power supply, electromechanical equipment, electronic equipment and control systems on the aircraft. With the growth of aircraft age, aircraft wires work in a complex environment for a long time, and are prone to failures such as insulation layer wear, aging, and corrosion, which eventually lead to short circuits and open circuits of aircraft wires, which pose a hazard to flight safety. Among the existing fault detection methods of aircraft wires, the time domain reflection detection method is a general testing technique. The principle of the time domain reflection method is to transmit a low-voltage high-frequency pulse reference signal to one end of the wire. Since the fault of the wire will cause its impedance to change, the reference signal will be reflected at the fault. When the reflected signal is detected at the signal incident end, the fault location of the wire can be calculated by using the delay time between the incident signal and the reflected signal, and the type of the fault can be judged by the amplitude and direction of the reflected signal. The measurement principle of the frequency domain reflection method is to input the frequency sweep signal into the wire to be tested, and convert the measurement data of the reflected signal into time domain information through fast Fourier inverse transform. The location of the fault can be calculated by changing the difference. The measurement results of these methods are relatively accurate, but specific test signals need to be specially transmitted. The test signals may interfere with the useful signals transmitted by the aircraft wires. More importantly, due to the complex working environment of the aircraft, noise signals may be mixed into the reflected signals, causing Weak faults in aircraft wires are difficult to diagnose and are not suitable for in-circuit testing. The spread spectrum technology is very effective for online testing. Its principle is to transmit a binary pseudo-random code or a PN code signal modulated by a sine wave to the cable to be tested, and perform a correlation operation on the detected reflected signal and the delayed incident signal, and the correlator outputs Reach the maximum, so as to determine the delay time of the signal, in order to calculate the location of the wire fault. This method can be applied to the online test of the aircraft, that is, the wires can be continuously tested during the flight of the aircraft. Although the spread spectrum method can monitor the aircraft wires online, it still needs to transmit PN codes as test signals, which affects the data transmission of the aircraft wires, and the wires of the multi-branch network structure are difficult to detect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述问题，本发明提出了一种利用噪声域反射法实现飞机导线多分支网络故障定位的方法，利用导线中的任何噪声信号或传输的任意信号作为测试信号，计算测试信号与延迟信号的相关函数，取得峰值点所对应的时刻，判断飞机导线多分支网络故障位置。In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention proposes a kind of method that utilizes the noise domain reflection method to realize the multi-branch network fault location of aircraft wire, utilize any noise signal in the wire or the arbitrary signal of transmission as test signal, calculate the difference between test signal and delayed signal The correlation function obtains the time corresponding to the peak point and judges the fault position of the multi-branch network of the aircraft wire.
为了达到上述目的，本发明的第一方面提供的实现导线故障定位的方法包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the method for realizing wire fault location provided by the first aspect of the present invention includes the following steps:
-从待测导线中提取第一测试信号；- extracting a first test signal from the wire to be tested;
-将所述第一测试信号进行时延处理，从而得到第二测试信号；- performing time-delay processing on the first test signal, so as to obtain a second test signal;
-将接收到的所述第一测试信号在待测的故障位置处反射回来的第三测试信号和所述第二测试信号输入乘法器并由所述乘法器根据所述第二测试信号和所述第三测试信号输出第四测试信号；- input the third test signal and the second test signal reflected back from the received first test signal at the fault position to be tested into a multiplier, and the multiplier uses the second test signal and the second test signal according to the multiplier The third test signal output fourth test signal;
-对所述第四测试信号进行积分运算，以得到所述第二测试信号和所述第三测试信号的相关函数运算结果；- performing an integral operation on the fourth test signal to obtain a correlation function operation result of the second test signal and the third test signal;
-对所述相关函数运算结果进行峰值检测，以确定所述导线的故障位置。-Peak detection is performed on the calculation result of the correlation function to determine the fault location of the conductor.
在依据本发明的一个实施例中，所述第一测试信号为噪声信号或者所述导线中所传输的任一信号。In an embodiment according to the present invention, the first test signal is a noise signal or any signal transmitted in the wire.
在依据本发明的一个实施例中，所述导线为飞机导线。In one embodiment according to the present invention, the wire is an aircraft wire.
此外，本发明的第二方面还提出了一种实现导线故障定位的装置，所述装置包括：In addition, the second aspect of the present invention also proposes a device for realizing wire fault location, the device includes:
-提取装置，其从待测导线中提取第一测试信号；- extracting means, which extracts the first test signal from the wire to be tested;
-第一处理装置，其将所述第一测试信号进行时延处理，从而得到第二测试信号；- a first processing device, which performs time-delay processing on the first test signal, so as to obtain a second test signal;
-接收装置，其收到所述第一测试信号在待测的故障位置处反射回来的第三测试信号；- a receiving device, which receives a third test signal reflected from the first test signal at the fault location to be tested;
-第二处理装置，其以所述第二测试信号和所述第三测试信号作为输入并对其进行乘法运算和积分运算，以得到所述第二测试信号和所述第三测试信号的相关函数运算结果；- second processing means, which take said second test signal and said third test signal as input and perform multiplication and integration operations on them to obtain the correlation of said second test signal and said third test signal function operation result;
-确定装置，其对所述相关函数运算结果进行峰值检测，以确定所述导线的故障位置。- Determining means, which perform peak detection on the calculation result of the correlation function to determine the fault location of the conductor.
在依据本发明的一个实施例中，所述待测导线为飞机导线。In one embodiment according to the present invention, the wire to be tested is an aircraft wire.
在依据本发明的一个实施例中，所述提取装置为数据采集卡。In an embodiment according to the present invention, the extraction device is a data acquisition card.
在依据本发明的一个实施例中，所述第一测试信号为噪声信号或者所述导线中所传输的任一信号。In an embodiment according to the present invention, the first test signal is a noise signal or any signal transmitted in the wire.
本发明提供的噪声域反射法是一种在线检测飞机导线多分支网络故障的方法，利用导线中的任何噪声信号或传输的任意信号作为测试信号，将测试信号进行一定的时间延迟，并将飞机导线故障位置处反射回的信号与测试信号的延迟信号一起送入乘法器进行运算，对乘法器输出进行积分运算，得到测试信号与延迟信号的相关函数运算结果，通过对相关函数输出数据进行分析，取峰值点所对应的时刻，判断飞机导线多分支网络故障位置。噪声域反射法的优点是不必设计特定的测试信号，而将导线中的噪声或现有的信号作为测试信号，可以完全不影响待测导线的信号传输。因此，噪声域反射法是保证飞机导线数据完整性、在线检测导线多分支网络故障的理想方法。The noise domain reflection method provided by the present invention is a method for online detection of faults in the multi-branch network of aircraft wires. Any noise signal in the wire or any signal transmitted is used as a test signal, and the test signal is delayed for a certain time, and the aircraft The signal reflected back at the fault position of the wire and the delayed signal of the test signal are sent to the multiplier for calculation, and the output of the multiplier is integrated to obtain the calculation result of the correlation function between the test signal and the delay signal, and the output data of the correlation function is analyzed. , take the time corresponding to the peak point to judge the fault location of the multi-branch network of the aircraft wire. The advantage of the noise domain reflection method is that it is not necessary to design a specific test signal, and the noise in the wire or the existing signal is used as the test signal, which does not affect the signal transmission of the wire under test at all. Therefore, the noise domain reflection method is an ideal method to ensure the data integrity of aircraft wires and to detect faults in wire multi-branch networks online.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过参照附图阅读以下所作的对非限制性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:
图1为本发明提供的利用噪声域反射法实现在线检测飞机导线多分支网络故障的方法流程图；Fig. 1 utilizes noise domain reflection method provided by the present invention to realize the method flowchart of on-line detection aircraft wire multi-branch network fault;
图2为本发明提供的利用噪声域反射法实现在线检测飞机导线多分支网络故障的方法具体实施框图。Fig. 2 is a specific implementation block diagram of the method for realizing on-line detection of multi-branch network faults of aircraft wires by utilizing the noise domain reflection method provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
图1为本发明提供的利用噪声域反射法实现在线检测飞机导线多分支网络故障的方法流程图100。如图1所示，首先提取待测飞机导线中的噪声或者导线中传输的信号作为噪声域测试信号(步骤S10)，将测试信号进行一定的时间延迟(步骤S20)，并将飞机导线故障位置处反射回的信号与测试信号的延迟信号一起送入乘法器进行运算(步骤S30)，对乘法器输出进行积分运算，得到测试信号与延迟信号的相关函数运算结果(步骤S40)，通过对相关函数输出数据进行分析，取峰值点所对应的时刻，判断飞机导线多分支网络故障位置(步骤S50)。FIG. 1 is a flow chart 100 of a method for online detection of multi-branch network faults of aircraft conductors using noise domain reflection method provided by the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, first extract the noise in the aircraft wire to be tested or the signal transmitted in the wire as the noise domain test signal (step S10), and the test signal is delayed for a certain time (step S20), and the aircraft wire fault location The signal reflected back at the place and the delay signal of the test signal are sent into the multiplier for calculation (step S30), and the output of the multiplier is integrated to obtain the correlation function calculation result of the test signal and the delay signal (step S40). The output data of the function is analyzed, and the time corresponding to the peak point is taken to judge the fault position of the multi-branch network of the aircraft wire (step S50).
若导线网络结构中存在故障，则导线故障处特征阻抗会出现变化，因此，在导线网络结构故障处会产生反射信号，反射信号会与入射信号在某处叠加。由于相关函数可以反映入射信号与反射信号的依赖关系，因此在飞机导线多分支网络结构的故障位置，利用相关函数的计算可以确定故障位置存在尖峰值，确定尖峰值对应时刻，利用信号在导线中的传播速度乘以尖峰时间，即可计算得到导线网络中的故障位置。若检测的故障位置与已知网络导线结构不同，则可确定导线网络某处存在故障。If there is a fault in the wire network structure, the characteristic impedance of the wire fault will change. Therefore, a reflected signal will be generated at the fault of the wire network structure, and the reflected signal will be superimposed with the incident signal somewhere. Since the correlation function can reflect the dependence between the incident signal and the reflected signal, at the fault location of the multi-branch network structure of the aircraft wire, the calculation of the correlation function can be used to determine the peak value of the fault location, determine the corresponding time of the peak value, and use the signal in the wire Multiplied by the propagation velocity of the peak time, the location of the fault in the conductor network can be calculated. If the detected fault location is different from the known network conductor structure, it can be determined that there is a fault somewhere in the conductor network.
概括地说，本发明所提供的实现导线故障定位的方法包括以下步骤：In a nutshell, the method for realizing wire fault location provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
-从待测导线中提取第一测试信号(步骤S10)；-extracting the first test signal from the wire to be tested (step S10);
-将第一测试信号进行时延处理，从而得到第二测试信号(步骤S20)；- Delaying the first test signal to obtain a second test signal (step S20);
-将接收到的第一测试信号在待测的故障位置处反射回来的第三测试信号和第二测试信号输入乘法器并由乘法器根据第二测试信号和第三测试信号输出第四测试信号(步骤S30)；-The third test signal and the second test signal reflected back at the fault position to be tested by the received first test signal are input to the multiplier and the fourth test signal is output by the multiplier according to the second test signal and the third test signal (step S30);
-对第四测试信号进行积分运算，以得到第二测试信号和第三测试信号的相关函数运算结果(步骤S40)；- Carrying out an integral operation on the fourth test signal to obtain the correlation function operation result of the second test signal and the third test signal (step S40);
-对相关函数运算结果进行峰值检测，以确定导线的故障位置(步骤S50)。-Peak detection is performed on the calculation result of the correlation function to determine the fault location of the conductor (step S50).
在依据本发明的一个实施例中，第一测试信号为噪声信号或者导线中所传输的任一信号。In an embodiment according to the present invention, the first test signal is a noise signal or any signal transmitted in the wire.
更为具体地，本发明所提出的方法主要适用于导线为飞机导线的飞机导线多分支网络的故障位置检测。More specifically, the method proposed by the present invention is mainly applicable to the fault location detection of a multi-branch network of aircraft conductors in which the conductors are aircraft conductors.
图2为本发明提供的利用噪声域反射法实现在线检测飞机导线多分支网络故障的方法具体实施框图200。如图2所示，搭建噪声域反射实验平台，利用数据采集卡210获取飞机导线故障处的噪声域反射信号，将此反射信号与测试信号的延迟信号进行相关函数运算，将相关器的输出通过一个模数转换器(240中的ADC)抽样送入计算机并绘制成延时函数，记录每次延时的相关峰值，找出最大相关值时刻，利用故障定位计算模块，通过传播速度与最大相关值对应的时间值乘积计算出故障点。接下来将介绍依据本发明所述的实现导线故障定位的装置，该装置包括：FIG. 2 is a specific implementation block diagram 200 of a method for online detection of faults in a multi-branch network of aircraft conductors provided by the present invention using the noise domain reflection method. As shown in Figure 2, build a noise domain reflection experiment platform, use the data acquisition card 210 to obtain the noise domain reflection signal at the aircraft wire fault, perform a correlation function calculation on the reflection signal and the delayed signal of the test signal, and pass the output of the correlator through An analog-to-digital converter (ADC in 240) is sampled and sent to the computer and drawn as a delay function, and the correlation peak value of each delay is recorded to find the moment of the maximum correlation value, and the fault location calculation module is used to calculate the maximum correlation value through the propagation velocity. The time value corresponding to the value is multiplied to calculate the failure point. Next, the device for realizing wire fault location according to the present invention will be introduced, which includes:
-提取装置210，其从待测导线中提取第一测试信号；- extracting means 210, which extracts the first test signal from the wire to be tested;
-第一处理装置220，其将第一测试信号进行时延处理，从而得到第二测试信号；- a first processing device 220, which performs time-delay processing on the first test signal, so as to obtain a second test signal;
-接收装置，其收到第一测试信号在待测的故障位置处反射回来的第三测试信号；- receiving device, it receives the 3rd test signal that the 1st test signal reflects back at the fault location to be tested;
-第二处理装置，其以第二测试信号和第三测试信号作为输入并对其进行乘法运算和积分运算，以得到第二测试信号和第三测试信号的相关函数运算结果；- a second processing device, which takes the second test signal and the third test signal as input and performs multiplication and integration operations on it, so as to obtain the correlation function operation result of the second test signal and the third test signal;
-确定装置250，其对相关函数运算结果进行峰值检测，以确定导线的故障位置。- Determining means 250, which performs peak detection on the calculation result of the correlation function to determine the fault location of the wire.
更为具体地，待测导线为飞机导线。More specifically, the wire to be tested is an aircraft wire.
优选地，提取装置为数据采集卡210。Preferably, the extraction device is a data acquisition card 210 .
特别优选地，第一测试信号为噪声信号或者导线中所传输的任一信号。Particularly preferably, the first test signal is a noise signal or any signal transmitted in the wire.
本发明提供的噪声域反射法是一种在线检测飞机导线多分支网络故障的方法，利用导线中的任何噪声信号或传输的任意信号作为测试信号，将测试信号进行一定的时间延迟，并将飞机导线故障位置处反射回的信号与测试信号的延迟信号一起送入乘法器进行运算，对乘法器输出进行积分运算，得到测试信号与延迟信号的相关函数运算结果，通过对相关函数输出数据进行分析，取峰值点所对应的时刻，判断飞机导线多分支网络故障位置。噪声域反射法的优点是不必设计特定的测试信号，而将导线中的噪声或现有的信号作为测试信号，可以完全不影响待测导线的信号传输。因此，噪声域反射法是保证飞机导线数据完整性、在线检测导线多分支网络故障的理想方法。The noise domain reflection method provided by the present invention is a method for online detection of faults in the multi-branch network of aircraft wires. Any noise signal in the wire or any signal transmitted is used as a test signal, and the test signal is delayed for a certain time, and the aircraft The signal reflected back at the fault position of the wire and the delayed signal of the test signal are sent to the multiplier for calculation, and the output of the multiplier is integrated to obtain the calculation result of the correlation function between the test signal and the delay signal, and the output data of the correlation function is analyzed. , take the time corresponding to the peak point to judge the fault location of the multi-branch network of the aircraft wire. The advantage of the noise domain reflection method is that it is not necessary to design a specific test signal, and the noise in the wire or the existing signal is used as the test signal, which does not affect the signal transmission of the wire under test at all. Therefore, the noise domain reflection method is an ideal method to ensure the data integrity of aircraft wires and to detect faults in wire multi-branch networks online.
本领域技术人员应能理解，上述实施例均是示例性而非限制性的。在不同实施例中出现的不同技术特征可以进行组合，以取得有益效果。本领域技术人员在研究附图、说明书及权利要求书的基础上，应能理解并实现所揭示的实施例的其他变化的实施例。在权利要求书中，术语“包括”并不排除其他装置或步骤；不定冠词“一个”不排除多个；术语“第一”、“第二”用于标示名称而非用于表示任何特定的顺序。权利要求中的任何附图标记均不应被理解为对保护范围的限制。某些技术特征出现在不同的从属权利要求中并不意味着不能将这些技术特征进行组合以取得有益效果。本专利覆盖在字面上或在等同原则下落入所附权利要求的范围的所有方法、装置和产品。Those skilled in the art should understand that the above-mentioned embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive. Different technical features in different embodiments can be combined to achieve beneficial effects. Those skilled in the art should be able to understand and implement other modified embodiments of the disclosed embodiments on the basis of studying the drawings, specification and claims. In the claims, the term "comprising" does not exclude other means or steps; the indefinite article "a" does not exclude a plurality; the terms "first" and "second" are used to indicate names rather than to indicate any specific order of. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope. The appearance of certain technical features in different dependent claims does not mean that these technical features cannot be combined to obtain beneficial effects. This patent covers all methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.
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